DOCSLIB.ORG

Improvement of the Nutritional Value of a Cereal Fermented Milk: 2-Dried Kishk Like

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improvement of the Nutritional Value of a Cereal Fermented Milk: 2-Dried Kishk Like cess Pro ing d & o o T F e c f h Nassar et al., J Food Process Technol 2016, 7:11 o n l o a l n o r Journal of Food DOI: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000638 g u y o J Processing & Technology ISSN: 2157-7110 Research Article Open Access Improvement of the Nutritional Value of a Cereal Fermented Milk: 2-Dried Kishk Like Nassar KS1*, Shamsia SM1 and Attia IA2 1Department of Food and Dairy Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Egypt 2Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Alexandria University, Egypt Abstract The present study has been conducted to produce fermented milk fortified with different cereals like whole wheat, barley and freek (green wheat) burghul have been selected for their known nutrition benefits. The fermentation was occurred by using three types of cultures, yogurt starter, yogurt starter + Bio-yogurt or yogurt starter + Lactobacillus plantarum. All samples were stored at room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for three months and have been subjected to consumer sensory testing; dried kishk-like products were highly accepted by the tasting panel, furthermore fermented dairy products containing Freek gained the highest score of judging followed by wheat. Proximate composition, Colour, Organic acids and microbiologically analysis have been monitored in the fresh soft product and during storage. Nevertheless, the combined levels of organic acids, low pH, salt additive and low moisture content in the kishk samples were sufficient to ensure the microbial safety of the product. Thus, long shelf-life of all samples without changing in their chemical during the storage period has been noticed. Keywords: Burghul; Probiotic bacteria; Dried kishk; Organic acids; paste was filled in polystyrene cups and covered then incubated at Colour; Skim milk (43°C for W1, B1 and F1) and (37 C for W2, W3, B2, B3, F2 and F3) to 6 hours (Table 1). After that, the○ fermented paste was formed into Introduction nuggets (3-5 cm), placed into stainless steel trays and dried in air oven Fermentation is one of the oldest and most economical at 50 C for 15-18 h. the dried nuggets were milled by using a hammer ○ methods of producing and preserving food. Also, leads to a general mill. After that, the dried kishk were stored in airtight glass containers improvement in the shelf life, texture, taste and aroma of the final and kept at room temperature until tested (Figure 1). product. Fermented foods are produced world-wide using various Chemical analysis manufacturing techniques, raw materials and microorganisms [1]. Kishk is an extremely popular fermented food in many parts of the In the previous paper, the same methods were adopted for cereal Middle East. In Egypt, Kishk is one of the traditional food products and dairy base analysis as described in Nassar et al. [9]. in Upper Egypt [2,3]. There are some other products similar to kishk Dried Kishk-like analysis such as tarhana (mixing yogurt, wheat flour, baker's yeast and variety of vegetables and spices in turkey), kushuk (milk- sour dough mixture Proximate composition: Total solids, protein, ash and fiber with turnips in Iraq), atole (fermented cereal–milk porridge in Scotland content were determined according to procedures described by and Greece) and tahonya/talkuna (fermented cereal mixture with AOAC [10]. The fat content, salt percentage, acidity and pH value vegetables in Finland and Hungary) [4]. Kishk is a natural, healthy, were determined according to Ling [11]. Finally, carbohydrate was respect the environment and have great taste and cultural values that calculated as follows [12]: are increasingly attractive to the Egyptian consumers. Kishk made by Carbohydrate = total solids - (protein + fat + ash) mixing wheat with fermented milk (Laban zeer) and sun-drying the mixture to 8% to 12% moisture content [2,5] or made from different Colour of kishk-like samples: Colour of dried kishk samples cereal products and fermented milk base by traditional methods of was evaluated by Lovibond Schofield Tintometer (the Tintometer manufacture [6,7]. Kishk is usually reconstituted with water and served Ltd. Salisbury, England). Colours of samples were assessed. Reading as a hot gruel, but with the incorporation of vegetables, spices, garlic or obtained was further converted into C.I.E. (Commission International herbs, can form the base of savory and sweet dishes [8]. The aim of the de L'E Clairage) units using the visual density graphs and direction present study was to focus some light on the chemical, biochemical, booklet supplied with apparatus as described in AOCS [13]. physical and sensory aspects of dried fermented milk made from various types of cereal and starter cultures. *Corresponding author: Khaled S Nassar, Department of Food and Dairy Materials and Methods Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Egypt, Tel: +20-453368069; In the previous paper, the preparation kishk-like from reconstituted E-mail: [email protected] skim milk and burghul from whole wheat, whole barley and fereek was Received November 04, 2016; Accepted November 22, 2016; Published described in Nassar et al. [9]. November 29, 2016 Citation: Nassar KS, Shamsia SM, Attia IA (2016) Improvement of the Nutritional Dried Kishk-like manufacturing Value of a Cereal Fermented Milk: 2-Dried Kishk Like. J Food Process Technol 7: 638. doi: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000638 Each type of burghul was mixed with reconstituted skim milk in a ratio of 1:4 (w/w) in addition to, 2% sodium chloride and then mixed Copyright: © 2016 Nassar KS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits thoroughly each 26%. Mixture was heated to 95°C for 10 seconds, and unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the then rapidly cooled to 45°C, addition 3% of each Starter. The resultant original author and source are credited. J Food Process Technol, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 11 • 1000638 ISSN: 2157-7110 Citation: Nassar KS, Shamsia SM, Attia IA (2016) Improvement of the Nutritional Value of a Cereal Fermented Milk: 2-Dried Kishk Like. J Food Process Technol 7: 638. doi: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000638 Page 2 of 7 Cereals Dairy base Salt 2% Treatments Whole Wheat Burghul (W) Whole Barley Burghul (B) Freek Burghul (F) Re-constituted Skim milk (15%) √ √ √ √ √ √ 1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 3 √ √ √ 1: (3% Yoghurt starter) 2: (2% Yoghurt starter + 1% Bio-yoghurt starter) 3: (2% Yoghurt starter + 1% Lactobacillus plantarum) Table 1: Experimental treatments. Reconstituted skim milk (15 W/W) Wheat Burghul Barley Burghul Freek Burghul Mixture (1:4 w/w) (cereal/dairy Base) + 2% sodium chloride Heat treatment at 95°C/10 Sec cooled to 45°C Addition of different Starter cultures (3%) Filling in plastic cups Incubation at suitable temperature until desired pH Cooling to room temperature Shaped into small balls and spread into stainless steel trays Drying at 60°C for 15-18 hrs in an air oven Milled the dried kishk by using a hammer mill Packed and stored in airtight glass containers at room temperature until used. Figure 1: Dried kishk-like preparation by using different substrates and starters. Organic acid determination: The concentrations of organic acids Sensory evaluation (Lactic, Propionic, acetic, and formic) in different dried Kishk samples were determined by HPLC (Spectra-Physics system, San Jose, CA, Organoleptic evaluation was carried out according to Abou- USA) method as described by Barrantes et al. [14]. Organic acids were Donia et al. [16]. The samples were subjected to organoleptic analysis extracted from dried Kishk (5 g) in a 50 mL beaker using 25 mL water- by 15 well-trained members of the Dairy Science and Technology acetonitrile (1:4 v/v) (analytical grade, BDH Chemicals Ltd., Poole, Department (Fac. Agric. Alexandria Univ., Egypt). The sensory UK). The extract after filtration through a Whatman No. 1 filter paper attributes evaluated were: The Flavor (1-45 points), Body and Texture (Whatman Ltd., Maidstone, UK) was injected (20 μL) into the HPLC (1-30 points), appearance and Colour (1-15 points) and acidity (1- 10 column. The flow rate of the solvent was 0.7 μL.min-1 at 65°C and the points). Soups were prepared by adding 20 g dried kishk to 170 mL of wave length of the detector was 220 nm [15]. water and heating with gentle stirring to boiling, simmering for few J Food Process Technol, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 11 • 1000638 ISSN: 2157-7110 Citation: Nassar KS, Shamsia SM, Attia IA (2016) Improvement of the Nutritional Value of a Cereal Fermented Milk: 2-Dried Kishk Like. J Food Process Technol 7: 638. doi: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000638 Page 3 of 7 min and cooling to 40°C. The samples (20 g) were placed in identical and multiple comparisons of means of each treatment (cereals, starter glass containers (8 cm diameter, 3.5 cm height) and served at 40°C [17]. cultures and storage time) using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the confidence level of 95% [24]. Enumeration of microorganisms Results and Discussion The counts of lactic acid bacteria were enumerated as (CFU/g) using MRS agar according to De man et al. [18]. Proteolytic bacteria, Proximate composition coliforms, yeast and mould were enumerated respectively [19-21]. Whereas aerobic spore forming bacteria were enumerated according Proximate analysis of kishk-like products is presented in Tables to the method described by Harrigan and McCance [22]. Lactobacillus 2-4. The results revealed that the effect of cereal type on the proximate acidophilus was enumerated according to the method described by analysis of the resultant dried kishk-like products was more pronounced Lapierra [23]. (P ≤ 0.05) than that of type of starter culture used.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Enumeration and Identification of Microflora in “Leben”, a Traditional Tunisian Dairy Beverage
    International Food Research Journal 24(3): 927-932 (June 2017) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Enumeration and identification of microflora in “Leben”, a traditional Tunisian dairy beverage *Samet-Bali, O., Felfoul, I., Lajnaf, R., Attia, H. and Ayadi, M.A. Département de biologie, Laboratoire Valorisation, Analyse et Sécurité des Aliments (LAVASA), Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra, B.P.W, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia Article history Abstract Received: 15 April 2016 The microflora involved in production of Leben, a Tunisian traditional fermented cow milk Received in revised form: product, were enumerated and identified. 15 samples of traditional Leben were analyzed. Total 10 May 2016 viable microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and moulds, and coliforms were Accepted: 17 May 2016 enumerated. A total of 45 LAB and 30 yeast isolates were isolated from the 15 Leben samples and identified by API 50 CHL and API 20C AUX identification systems, respectively. The LAB counts were 7.8 log10 CFU/mL, while yeast and mould counts were relatively lower (4.7 Keywords log10 CFU/ml). Low coliform numbers were encountered (1.8 log10 CFU/ml). The LAB species were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Fermented cow milk Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The isolated yeasts were identified as Candida krusei, Candida Lactic acid bacteria tropicalis and Candida lusitania. The most frequently isolated species was found to be Yeasts Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (28% of total isolates), followed by Lactococcus lactis subsp. Identification cremoris (20%) and Candida krusei (18%). © All Rights Reserved Introduction product fermentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fermented Milk Products Cheese Perhaps No Other Fermented Food
    1 Fermented milk products Cheese Perhaps no other fermented food starts with such a simple raw material and ends up with products having such an incredible diversity of color, flavor, texture, and appearance as does cheese. It is even more remarkable that milk, pale in color and bland in flavor, can be transformed into literally hundreds of different types of flavorful, colorful cheeses by manipulating just a few critical steps. How so many cheeses evolved from this simple process undoubtedly involved part trial and error, part luck, and plenty of art and skill. It is fair to assume that, until very recently, most cheese makers had only scant knowledge of science, and microbiology in particular. Now, however, it is likely that few fermented foods require such a blend of science, technology, and craftsmanship as does the making of cheese. On a volume basis, the cheese industry is the largest of all those involved in fermented foods manufacture. Of the 75 billion Kg (165 billion pounds) of milk produced in the United States in 2001, more than one-third was used in the manufacture of 3.7 billion Kg (8.1 billion pounds) of cheese. About a fourth of that cheese was used to make various types of processed cheese. On a per capita basis, cheese consumption in the United States has increased in the past twenty-five years from 8 Kg in 1980 to nearly 14 Kg (30.1 pounds) per person per year in 2003 (of U.S. made cheese).The most popular cheeses have been the American style (e.g., Cheddar, Colby) and Italian style (e.g., Mozzarella and pizza cheese) cheeses, accounting for 41.5% and 40.6%, respectively, of all cheeses consumed in the United States (Figure 5.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Kishk - a Dried Fermented Milk / Cereal Mixture
    Kishk - a dried fermented milk / cereal mixture. 1 Composition of gross components, carbohydrates, organic acids and fatty acids Adnan Y. Tamime, Margaret N.I. Barclay, Ryszard Amarowicz, David Mcnulty To cite this version: Adnan Y. Tamime, Margaret N.I. Barclay, Ryszard Amarowicz, David Mcnulty. Kishk - a dried fermented milk / cereal mixture. 1 Composition of gross components, carbohydrates, organic acids and fatty acids. Le Lait, INRA Editions, 1999, 79 (3), pp.317-330. hal-00929654 HAL Id: hal-00929654 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00929654 Submitted on 1 Jan 1999 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Lait (1999) 79, 317-330 317 © InralElsevier, Paris Original article Kishk - a dried fermented milklcereal mixture. 1. Composition of gross components, carbohydrates, organic acids and fatty acids Adnan Y. Tamime-", Margaret N.1. Barclay", Ryszard Amarowicz'', David Mclvulty" a Food Standards & Product Technology Department, SAC Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, Scotland, United Kingdom h Division of Food Science, Departrnent of Food Chemistry, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Science, 10-718 Olsztyn, Pol and C Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King's Building, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Scotland, United Kingdom (Received 6 March 1998; accepted 24'November 1998) Abstract - An investigation of the compositional quality of 25 commercial samples of Lebanese Kishk was undertaken.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiological and Chemical Properties of Kefir Made of Bali Cattle Milk
    Food Science and Quality Management www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6088 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0557 (Online) Vol 6, 2012 Microbiological and Chemical Properties of Kefir Made of Bali Cattle Milk Ketut Suriasih 1,* Wayan Redi Aryanta 2 Gede Mahardika 1 Nyoman Mantik Astawa 3 1. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University ,PO box 80237, Bali, Indonesia. 2. Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, PO box 80237, Bali, Indonesia. 3. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Udayana University, PO box 80237, Bali, Indonesia. * E-mail of the corresponding author [email protected] Abstract Information regarding to microbiological and chemical characteristics, and incubation time is crucial in developing kefir prepared using Bali cattle milk. This study was intended to investigate microbiological and chemical properties of the kefir prepared of Bali Cattle milk and Indonesian kefir grains after 24, 48 and 72 hours incubation periods. A completely randomized design, with 3 treatments, and 9 replicates were undertaken. Kefir samples were taken at the end of incubation period for determination of total lactic acid bacterial and yeast counts, pH, titratable acidity, lactose percentage and protein content. The result of this research showed that the total lactic acid bacterial counts were 10 8 – 10 9 cfu/ml, while yeast counts were ranging from 10 5 – 10 6 cfu/ml, no coliform and Escherichia coli were detected in any kefir samples in this research. Identification of the lactic acid bacteria and yeast revealed that the Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei 1 was the predominant species found in the kefir samples, followed by Lactobacillus brevis and the yeast Candida famata .
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh Products-Yoghurt
    Z. Puhan et al: Fresh Products-Yoghurt... Mljekarstvo 44 (4) 285 - 298, 1994. Fresh Products - Yoghurt, Fermented Milks, Quarg and Fresh Cheese* Z. Puhan, F. M. Driessen, P. Jelen, A. Y. Tamime Review UDC: 637.146 Introduction Fresh fermented dairy products in general are the oldest milk products. In the early days they were home-made and served as basic food. The introduction of industrial food processing allowed great diversification and a large variety of products is now available to the consumer. The combination of milk, sweet or ifermented, with other foods, primarily with fruits and herbs, as well as the deve­ lopment of processes which led to prolongation of the shelf life for up to several months, contributed to the popularity, i.e. to the increase of consumption of these products. According to the latest survey of IDF (1) on the consumption of dairy products in the world, fermented milks are very popular and, with increasing health cons­ ciousness of consumers worldwide, new fermented milks are being developed. 'p, Fermented Products When considering the progress in the development of this group of dairy products, the most important step was the introduction of selected cultures in the production, leading to a more controlled quality of the final product. The great success and popularity, however, meaning also the possibility to make fermented milks available in almost every food store, has to be attributed to the progress of hygienic standards during production, of packaging material and filling machi­ nes, as well as the improvement of cooling chain during distribution. The latest progress in the science and technology of fermented milks has been reviewed in two very recent IDF monographs (3, 4).
    [Show full text]
  • Life Science Journal 2016;13(7) 20 Comparative Mycological Assay on Prevalence of Yeasts, Molds
    Life Science Journal 2016;13(7) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Comparative Mycological Assay on Prevalence of Yeasts, Molds and Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Some Fermented Milk Products in Alexandria, Egypt Eman Khalifa1 and Mohammad Nossair2 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Matrouh branch, Egypt 2Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt [email protected] Abstract: Fermented milk; rayeb and yoghurt; harbored a high risk of spoilage by yeasts and molds; as they were able to grow in a broad range of pH environments; as well as by aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) which is a hepatic carcinogenic metabolite, those fungi introduced into these milk products as contamination during the milking process followed by no heat treatment or as recontamination after the heat treatment leading not only to product spoilage but also to very serious illnesses and food poisoning. A total of 120 random samples of locally manufactured fermented milks including; 40 samples of rayeb milk (plain and sterilized; 20 each), 40 samples of plain yoghurt and 40 samples of stirred yoghurt (20 strawberry and 20 peach yoghurt) were purchased from vendors in their retail containers as sold to the public in Alexandria governorate, Egypt, during the period extended from December, 2015 till February, 2016. Samples subjected to mycological analysis including counting, isolation and identification of yeasts and molds beside determination of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) mycotoxin in a total number of 15 rayeb and yoghurt samples by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) for the detection of AFM1, that were divided into 3 samples from each of plain rayeb milk and yoghurt, sterilized rayeb milk, strawberry and peach yoghurt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Production, Purchase and Processing of Milk in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Professional paper Стручни рад UDC: 636.2:637.115(497.6) DOI: 10.7251/AGREN1703187G The Production, Purchase and Processing of Milk in Bosnia and Herzegovina Midhat Glavić1, Amir Zenunović2, Aleksandra Budiša1 1FARMA Founded by USAID/SIDA 2Poljoprivredni zavod Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the actual data available to the dairies and to compare them with the statistical data. The actual data obtained from dairy can be used for further research and development of the dairy sector. Dominant production system in BiH are small farms (3‒5 cows) dealing with mixed livestock production, with the primary goal of self- sufficiency of which only 3.5% are farms with more than 20 dairy cows. The data used in the paper were derived from statistical agencies, as well as own research in the 7 largest milk processors in B&H (purchase about 86.10% of total milk in B&H). The number of dairy farmers of these 7 largest milk producers was 9.865 in 2015 (and 15.311 in 2012), who owned a total of 49.865 dairy cows in 2015 (42.364 in 2012). Average per producers of raw milk was 5.05 cows in 2015 (or 2.77 cow per producer in 2012). Average milk production per dairy cow was 4.149 L in 2015 (and 4.026 L in 2012). E‒class quality of milk is only 77% from the deliverables milk and 68% from the number of samples. Key words: cow, producer, quality Introduction The total level of development of agricultural production of a country depends on the participation of livestock production in the production structure of agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution, Processing, Varieties and Health Benefits of Yogurt
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 The evolution, processing, varieties and health benefits of yogurt W.A.D.V. Weerathilake*, D.M.D. Rasika*, J.K.U. Ruwanmali* and M.A.D.D. Munasinghe** * Department of Livestock & Avian Sciences, Faculty of Livestock Fisheries & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila 60170, Sri Lanka **Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka Abstract- Yogurt or yoghurt is one of the most popular fermented producing bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus dairy products worldwide which has great consumer thermophilus [3].Yogurt should contain at least 3.25% of milk fat acceptability due to its health benefits other than its basic and 8.25% of Milk Solids Non Fat (MSNF) with a titratable nutrition. In general, yogurt is considered as a nutrition-dense acidity of not less than 0.9 percent, expressed as lactic acid [3]. food due to its nutrient profile and is a rich source of calcium that The composition requirement for milk fat and MSNF is applied provides significant amounts of calcium in bio-available form. In to the yogurt prior to the addition of bulky flavoring ingredients addition, it provides milk proteins with a higher biological value according to the USDA specifications for yogurt [4]. and provides almost all the essential amino acids necessary to Traditionally yogurt is made of cow, water buffalo, goat and maintain good health.Yogurt is considered as a probiotic carrier sheep milk. However, milk from mare and camel is also used in food that can deliver significant amounts of probiotic bacteria yogurt making in some of the regions in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    R. GRUJIĆ ET AL.: TRADITIONAL SOUR MILK PRODUCTS AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS QUALITY OF LIFE 2(3-4):66-74 Original scientifi c paper UDC: 637.1/.3 TRADITIONAL SOUR MILK PRODUCTS AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS R. GRUJIĆ1, B. ANTONIĆ2, D. VUJADINOVIĆ1, M. MACANOVIĆ1 1University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Technology Zvornik 2Paneuropean University of Banja Luka Apeiron Abstract: This paper analyzes the chemical composition and organoleptic properties of 5-made industrial products that are declared as “yogurt” with 2,8% fat and 5 products made by traditional technology, which are known as traditional products called “sour milk”. Tests were conducted to determine the differences between the two products (which are very similar), and attempt to execute the standardization of “sour milk” made according to traditional technology, and to deter- mine the acceptability of these products by consumers. Keywords: bio Introduction Traditional food plays an important role in the identifi cation of local communities, consumer behav- ior, transmission of cultural heritage to future generations, and the interaction of this heritage with the rest of the world (Albayrak and Gunes, 2010). In most countries, the promotion and protection of traditional products is channeled through the quality and policy of development of agriculture and food industry. Traditional food products can be protected through the application of relevant regulations. In this sense, traditional food is viewed from different angles: by manufacturer, by consumers and by marketing (Hani et al., 2003; Grujić and Grujić, 2011). Traditional products have become an important instrument of marketing approach of many countries in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Iranian Dairy Products: a Source of Potential Probiotic Lactobacilli
    African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(1), pp. 20-27, 4 January, 2011 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr DOI: 10.5897/AJMR10.629 ISSN 1996-0808 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Traditional Iranian dairy products: A source of potential probiotic lactobacilli Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi1*, Arthur C. Ouwehand2, Mohamad A. Hejazi3 and Parvaneh Jafari4 1Islamic Azad University (IAU), Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. 2 Health and Nutrition, Danisco Finland, 02460 Kantvik, Finland. 3Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Tabriz, Iran. 4Islamic Azad University (IAU), Arak Branch, Arak, Iran. Accepted 2 December, 2010 A varied climate in Iran makes the production of a wide range of dairy products possible. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify new potential probiotic lactobacilli from traditional Iran dairy products. The isolates were screened for their probiotic potential activities, including acid and bile resistance, antagonistic activity and cholesterol removal. Screening of acid and bile tolerant strains from 14 different samples led to the identification of 20 isolates of Lactobacillus spp. Most promising strains which assimilated more than 75% of the cholesterol in the medium and/or exhibited high inhibition value against pathogen identified based on 16S rDNA sequence. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei isolated from yogurt and cheese exhibited both high cholesterol assimilation and antagonist activity. These results suggested that, Iranian indigenous lactobacilli have potential as probiotics, and they might also be good candidates to be used as probiotic carrier or functional foods. Key words: Traditional dairy, probiotic, cholesterol assimilation, antagonist activity. INTRODUCTION The relationship between dairy foods and health effects life yogurt, kashk, could play a role in the selection of new has been investigated for many years (Heller, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • How to Control Texture in Cultured Dairy
    Home By Phillip S. Tong December 1, 2011 The consumer can find a wide range of textures in fermented milk products. From drinkable to spoonable to spreadable – these foods are expected to exhibit textures of semi-solid gels, viscous liquids or thin liquids, depending upon the specific product (for example, fermented milk beverage, stirred yogurt, quark, etc.) and consumer expectations.Additionally, many fermented milk products must withstand mechanical shear (pumping and/or stirring) without any liquid separation. The foods almost always must have a smooth, creamy mouthfeel with or without milkfat in the formulation. And, don’t forget this rule: Thou shalt not be grainy! Because consumers in part select such products based on textural attributes, they will not tolerate significant texture variation. Hence, gaining a more complete understanding of those factors that can influence fermented milk product texture is the first step to achieving consistent control and delivery of desired textural attributes. To manufacture these products, we take a relatively stable protein, casein, and usually subject it to thermal processing and acidification via lactic fermentation to modify its structure, promote interactions with other proteins and create casein instability, which leads to its aggregation to form the gel matrix of most fermented milk systems. Once we have created a relatively delicate, unstable system, we try to fix this structure (stabilize it) and/or improve upon it to make desirable and lasting food textures consistent with the fermented milk product. The first step is forming a gel at or near pH 4.6 by fermentation. In products that are not fermented in the finished package, we then gently agitate the sample, add other ingredients (sometimes) and then package.
    [Show full text]
  • Fermented Milks: a Historical Food with Modern Applications — a Review
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, Suppl 4, S2–S15 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954–3007/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejcn Fermented milks: a historical food with modern applications — a review AY Tamime1* 1Dairy Science and Technology Consultant, Ayr, Scotland, UK Background: This paper was presented at the symposium which was organized by Instituto Danone Mexico in May 2001, and it provides an overview of the current scientific knowledge on fermented milks concerning the historical developments, manufacturing stages, classification of such products, and nutritional aspects. Particular attention has been paid to the human health benefits associated with the consumption of these products, the use of probiotic starter cultures and their industrial applications, and the significance of using a trained sensory panel for the evaluation of probiotic fermented milks made with different commercial blends of starter cultures. The paper also highlights the future research areas for the exploitation of starter microflora (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus species) in fermented milk products. Conclusion: This review indicates that the complex metabolism of the starter cultures is well established; however, more information is still needed on specific microbial metabolites such as polymerization of milk sugars for the production of exopolysaccharides and the modification of the milk peptides and secretion of bacteriocins. More clinical studies are still required to establish the ‘functional’ health benefits of probiotic fermented milks to humans. Sponsorship: The visit to Mexico City was supported by Instituto Danone Mexico. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, Suppl 4, S2 – S15. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601657 Descriptors: review; fermented milks; starter cultures; probiotic microflora; health benefits Introduction It is likely that the origin of these products was the Middle Fermented milks are widely produced in many countries.
    [Show full text]