A Magnetorheological Fluid Based Design of Variable Valve Timing System for Internal Combustion Engine Using Axiomatic Design
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SV470-SV620 Service Manual
SV470-SV620 Service Manual IMPORTANT: Read all safety precautions and instructions carefully before operating equipment. Refer to operating instruction of equipment that this engine powers. Ensure engine is stopped and level before performing any maintenance or service. 2 Safety 3 Maintenance 5 Specifi cations 13 Tools and Aids 16 Troubleshooting 20 Air Cleaner/Intake 21 Fuel System 31 Governor System 33 Lubrication System 35 Electrical System 44 Starter System 47 Emission Compliant Systems 50 Disassembly/Inspection and Service 63 Reassembly 20 690 01 Rev. F KohlerEngines.com 1 Safety SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WARNING: A hazard that could result in death, serious injury, or substantial property damage. CAUTION: A hazard that could result in minor personal injury or property damage. NOTE: is used to notify people of important installation, operation, or maintenance information. WARNING WARNING CAUTION Explosive Fuel can cause Accidental Starts can Electrical Shock can fi res and severe burns. cause severe injury or cause injury. Do not fi ll fuel tank while death. Do not touch wires while engine is hot or running. Disconnect and ground engine is running. Gasoline is extremely fl ammable spark plug lead(s) before and its vapors can explode if servicing. CAUTION ignited. Store gasoline only in approved containers, in well Before working on engine or Damaging Crankshaft ventilated, unoccupied buildings, equipment, disable engine as and Flywheel can cause away from sparks or fl ames. follows: 1) Disconnect spark plug personal injury. Spilled fuel could ignite if it comes lead(s). 2) Disconnect negative (–) in contact with hot parts or sparks battery cable from battery. -
Dynamic Analysis of Crankcase and Crankshaft
International Engineering Research Journal Page No 1531-1541 Dynamic Analysis of Crankcase and Crankshaft Gouthami S. Tulasi, Post Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RSCOE JSPM Pune, S. M. Jadhao, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RSCOE JSPM Pune for any crank radius, connecting rod geometry, and connecting Abstract—An agricultural single cylinder four stroke engine rod mass, connecting rod inertia, engine speed, engine experienced failure at customer location. This had to be taken acceleration, piston diameter, piston and pin mass, pressure care of immediately as it had affected the engine sales. To inside cylinder diagram, and any other variables of the engine. investigate the reason for failure various conventional methods were employed which include static analysis, but as static These equations are derived in Appendix I. The equations analysis could not explain the appropriate cause, dynamic provided the values of velocity and acceleration of the piston [5] analysis was considered. The process was divided into two stages and forces at the connecting rod crankshaft bearing . It first being determination of gas force, inertia force, bending force should be pointed out that in this analysis it was assumed that and torsional force through extensive excel sheet calculations the crankshaft rotates at a constant angular velocity, which considering the engine to be a single degree of freedom slider- means the angular acceleration was not included in the crank mechanism. The loads acting on the engine for varied [4] crankshaft angles were thus determined. A plot of these loads analysis . was presented to define the characteristics of the engine. For stage two a unique methodology known as superposition theory II. -
11. Crankcase/Crankshaft People/People S 250
11. CRANKCASE/CRANKSHAFT PEOPLE/PEOPLE S 250 11 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ CRANKCASE/CRANKSHAFT ________________________________________________________________________________ SCHEMATIC DRAWING------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-1 SERVICE INFORMATION----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-2 TROUBLESHOOTING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-2 CRANKCASE SEPARATION------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-3 CRANKSHAFT INSPECTION ------------------------------------------------------------------ 11-4 CRANKCASE ASSEMBLY---------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-5 11 11-0 11. CRANKCASE/CRANKSHAFT PEOPLE/PEOPLE S 250 SCHEMATIC DRAWING 11-1 11. CRANKCASE/CRANKSHAFT PEOPLE/PEOPLE S 250 SERVICE INFORMATION GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS • This section covers crankcase separation to service the crankshaft. The engine must be removed for this operation. • When separating the crankcase, never use a driver to pry the crankcase mating surfaces apart forcedly to prevent damaging the mating surfaces. • When installing -
Poppet Valve
POPPET VALVE A poppet valve is a valve consisting of a hole, usually round or oval, and a tapered plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft also called a valve stem. The shaft guides the plug portion by sliding through a valve guide. In most applications a pressure differential helps to seal the valve and in some applications also open it. Other types Presta and Schrader valves used on tires are examples of poppet valves. The Presta valve has no spring and relies on a pressure differential for opening and closing while being inflated. Uses Poppet valves are used in most piston engines to open and close the intake and exhaust ports. Poppet valves are also used in many industrial process from controlling the flow of rocket fuel to controlling the flow of milk[[1]]. The poppet valve was also used in a limited fashion in steam engines, particularly steam locomotives. Most steam locomotives used slide valves or piston valves, but these designs, although mechanically simpler and very rugged, were significantly less efficient than the poppet valve. A number of designs of locomotive poppet valve system were tried, the most popular being the Italian Caprotti valve gear[[2]], the British Caprotti valve gear[[3]] (an improvement of the Italian one), the German Lentz rotary-cam valve gear, and two American versions by Franklin, their oscillating-cam valve gear and rotary-cam valve gear. They were used with some success, but they were less ruggedly reliable than traditional valve gear and did not see widespread adoption. In internal combustion engine poppet valve The valve is usually a flat disk of metal with a long rod known as the valve stem out one end. -
History of a Forgotten Engine Alex Cannella, News Editor
POWER PLAY History of a Forgotten Engine Alex Cannella, News Editor In 2017, there’s more variety to be found un- der the hood of a car than ever. Electric, hybrid and internal combustion engines all sit next to a range of trans- mission types, creating an ever-increasingly complex evolu- tionary web of technology choices for what we put into our automobiles. But every evolutionary tree has a few dead end branches that ended up never going anywhere. One such branch has an interesting and somewhat storied history, but it’s a history that’s been largely forgotten outside of columns describing quirky engineering marvels like this one. The sleeve-valve engine was an invention that came at the turn of the 20th century and saw scattered use between its inception and World War II. But afterwards, it fell into obscurity, outpaced (By Andy Dingley (scanner) - Scan from The Autocar (Ninth edition, circa 1919) Autocar Handbook, London: Iliffe & Sons., pp. p. 38,fig. 21, Public Domain, by the poppet valves we use in engines today that, ironically, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8771152) it was initially developed to replace. Back when the sleeve-valve engine was first developed, through the economic downturn, and by the time the econ- the poppet valves in internal combustion engines were ex- omy was looking up again, poppet valve engines had caught tremely noisy contraptions, a concern that likely sounds fa- up to the sleeve-valve and were quickly becoming just as miliar to anyone in the automotive industry today. Charles quiet and efficient. -
Locomotive Troubleshooting
Locomotive Troubleshooting Celebrating the legacy of the Feather River Route Paul Finnegan www.wplives.org Last revised 03/23/18 0 Introduction This section covers operational problems that may occur on the road and suggests action that may be taken by the operator in response to the trouble. Safety devices automatically protect equipment in case of faulty operation of almost any component. In general this protection is obtained by one of the following methods: 1. Complete shutdown of the diesel engine. 2. Unloading of the diesel engine. 3. Unloading of the diesel engine and restriction to idle engine speed. 1 Condition/Probable Cause/Action - 1 Hot engine light and Temporary Operating Check cooling water alarm Condition level. Check that shutters are open and fan is operating. Hot engine light and Low water Level Check cooling water alarm followed by low oil level, and check low light and engine water detector and shutdown governor low oil trip plunger for trip indications. If cooling water level is low, check for leaks. Add water as required. Reset the governor low oil pressure trip plunger and the low water reset button. 2 Condition/Probable Cause/Action - 2 Low oil light and alarm. Engine Low oil pressure. Check the governor low oil trip shut down. plunger and engine oil level. If oil level is satisfactory and no other reason for low oil trip is apparent (engine is not over- heated, and the crankcase pressure and low water trip buttons are set) restart the engine. If low oil shutdown occurs again, do not restart the engine. -
Me Or Body Is Different from the Manufacturer's Specifications, Unless That Difference Is Caused By: A
MAINE Definitions Altered Vehicle. A motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less that is modified so that the distance from the ground to the lowermost point on any part of the frame or body is different from the manufacturer's specifications, unless that difference is caused by: A. The use of tires that are no more than 2 sizes larger than the manufacturer's recommended sizes; B. The installation of a heavy duty suspension, including shock absorbers and overload springs; or C. Normal wear of the suspension system that does not affect control of the vehicle. Antique Auto. An automobile or truck manufactured in or after model year 1916 that is: A. More than 25 years old; B. Equipped with an engine manufactured either at the same time as the vehicle or to the specifications of the original engine; C. Substantially maintained in original or restored condition primarily for use in exhibitions, club activities, parades or other functions of public interest; D. Not used as its owner's primary mode of transportation of passengers or goods; E. Not a reconstructed vehicle; and F. Not an altered vehicle. Classic Vehicle. A motor vehicle that is at least 16 years old but less than 26 years old that the Secretary of State determines is of significance to vehicle collectors because of its make, model and condition and is valued at more than $5,000. Custom Vehicle. A motor vehicle manufactured after model year 1948 that: A. Is at least 25 years old or was manufactured to resemble a motor vehicle that is at least 25 years old; and B. -
Review of Advancement in Variable Valve Actuation of Internal Combustion Engines
applied sciences Review Review of Advancement in Variable Valve Actuation of Internal Combustion Engines Zheng Lou 1,* and Guoming Zhu 2 1 LGD Technology, LLC, 11200 Fellows Creek Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA 2 Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 December 2019; Accepted: 22 January 2020; Published: 11 February 2020 Abstract: The increasing concerns of air pollution and energy usage led to the electrification of the vehicle powertrain system in recent years. On the other hand, internal combustion engines were the dominant vehicle power source for more than a century, and they will continue to be used in most vehicles for decades to come; thus, it is necessary to employ advanced technologies to replace traditional mechanical systems with mechatronic systems to meet the ever-increasing demand of continuously improving engine efficiency with reduced emissions, where engine intake and the exhaust valve system represent key subsystems that affect the engine combustion efficiency and emissions. This paper reviews variable engine valve systems, including hydraulic and electrical variable valve timing systems, hydraulic multistep lift systems, continuously variable lift and timing valve systems, lost-motion systems, and electro-magnetic, electro-hydraulic, and electro-pneumatic variable valve actuation systems. Keywords: engine valve systems; continuously variable valve systems; engine valve system control; combustion optimization 1. Introduction With growing concerns on energy security and global warming, there are global efforts to develop more efficient vehicles with lower regulated emissions, including hybrid electrical vehicles, electrical vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Hybrid electrical vehicles became a significant part of vehicle production because of their overall efficiency, and they still pose a significant cost penalty, resulting in a stagnant market penetration of 3.2% and 2.7% in 2013 and 2018, respectively, in the United States (US), for example [1]. -
Crankcase Ventilation and Electronic Throttle
1/19/2021 Crankcase Ventilation and Electronic Throttle Module (ETM), Cleaning (Throttle Body) - ALLDATA Repair 2001 Volvo S80 2.9 L6-2.9L VIN 94 B6294S Vehicle > Powertrain Management > Fuel Delivery and Air Induction > Throttle Body > Service and Repair > Procedures CRANKCASE VENTILATION AND ELECTRONIC THROTTLE MODULE (ETM), CLEANING Crankcase ventilation and electronic throttle module (ETM), cleaning Note! Some variation in the illustrations may occur, but the essential information is always correct. Removing Remove: - the battery lead from the battery negative terminal, see: Electrical system Battery, replacing - the dipstick tube - the thick hoses, from the T-nipple. https://my.alldata.com/repair/#/repair/article/35460/component/355/itype/376/nonstandard/369533/selfRefLink/true 1/6 1/19/2021 Crankcase Ventilation and Electronic Throttle Module (ETM), Cleaning (Throttle Body) - ALLDATA Repair Remove the intake manifold between throttle body and the air cleaner (ACL). Remove the 10 x screws at the mating flange of the intake manifold. Lift off the upper section of the intake manifold. Install999 5723 Cap See: Vehicle > Electrical / Mechanical Repair > 999 5723 Cap https://my.alldata.com/repair/#/repair/article/35460/component/355/itype/376/nonstandard/369533/selfRefLink/true 2/6 1/19/2021 Crankcase Ventilation and Electronic Throttle Module (ETM), Cleaning (Throttle Body) - ALLDATA Repair Remove the 4 x screws for the throttle body. Cleaning Place paper between the fan shroud and the engine block. Place the throttle body on the paper. Clean the throttle body (TB) using cleaning agent 1161826 and apply using a brush or similar. Ensure that all deposits are removed from the surfaces marked in the illustration. -
Chevrolet Cars and Trucks Get More with Less by Breathing Right
Chevrolet Cars and Trucks Get More With Less by Breathing Right x Continuously variable valve timing (VVT) available on most Chevrolet models x Four-, six- and eight-cylinder engines continuously adjust air flow for best economy and lowest emissions PONTIAC, Mich. – Athletes understand that proper breathing is critical to maintaining peak performance under all conditions, and so do Chevrolet powertrain engineers. Getting air in and exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber under all speeds and driving conditions are essential to providing outstanding driveability and fuel efficiency with low emissions. “Whether powered by four, six or eight cylinders, virtually every current Chevrolet car and truck – from the compact Cruze to the full-size Suburban – features continuously variable valve timing (VVT) on its engine to optimize its breathing,” said Sam Winegarden, executive director, Global Engine Engineering. With VVT, camshafts are driven by chains from the crankshaft to keep the valve opening in sync with the motion of the pistons in the cylinders. The VVT-equipped Cruze Eco, with EPA-estimated highway fuel economy of 42 mpg, is the most fuel-efficient gasoline-fueled vehicle in America. VVT also contributes to the full-size Silverado XFE’s segment-best 22 mpg highway. Chevrolet’s VVT system uses electro-hydraulic actuators between the drive sprocket and camshaft to twist the cam relative to the crankshaft position. Adjusting the cam phasing in this manner allows the valves that are actuated by that camshaft to be opened and closed earlier or later. On dual overhead cam engines such as the Ecotec inline-four and the 3.6-liter V-6, the intake and exhaust cams can be adjusted independently, allowing the valve overlap (the time that intake and exhaust valves are both open) to be varied as well. -
Directional Control Valve 2-, 3- & 4-Way Din Poppet
2-, 3- & 4-WAY DIN POPPET DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE 195 West Ryan Road 414-764-7500 Oak Creek, WI 53154 [email protected] www.elwood.com/fluidpower.html Poppet Directional Valves Features A modern concept in water hydraulics Zero Leakage Pilot Designed to Suit Application Positive, drop tight sealing is achieved by poppet type plung- For heavy duty mill type applications, our standard air actuat- er assemblies with replaceable seating discs which close ed pilot valve (Brochure 82) is furnished. This valve requires against heat treated stainless steel seats. no secondary operating media. Extended Poppet Seal Life Six Poppet Models Available The dynamic seals never cross ports during operation, there- Designed for dual speed, 4-way applications. fore, cannot extrude into ports. These seals are wear com- pensating. Interchangeability with Competitor Valves Direct replacements with competitor valves via simple adapter Minimum Valve Space Requirements plates. Compact subplate mounted design reduces space require- ments by as much as 50%. Easy Valve Maintenance All normal maintenance can be performed at the top side of the valve without removing the valve from the system. The internals are designed elim- inating all “press” fitted as well as “selectively” locked parts or assemblies. Cavities conform to international DIN standards and are sleeved to facilitate seal and parts replacement. Directional Control Function Flexibility Change the valve function by simply removing the top plate and arranging plugs for the appropriate function. Less Inventory Required Minimize spare inventory requirements through commonality of components between 2-, 3- and 4-way valves. Built-in Flow Controls Totally independent “meter-in” and/or “meter-out” flow control from either port is accomplished by simply limiting the poppet stroke by use of the ex- ternally stainless steel flow control screw. -
America's First Casoline Automobile
America's First Casoline Automobile By J. FRANK DURYEA· HE decade of the '80's may be considered as that in at a high speed for that time, but since both pistons which, for the first time, all the knowledge and things were connected to the same crank pin, there was con Tnecessary to the construction of a gasoline automobile siderable vibration. They were not throttled to obtain were present in this country. Oil wells, first drilled in variable speed, but were held to approximately constant 1858, were furnishing the derivatives kerosene and gaso speed by governor control of the exhaust valve aotion, line. A few gas engines came into use, operating on working on the well-known "hit-and-miss" principle, the Otto four-stroke cycle. Gas producers were in use, whereby' the engine received either a full charge or making from gasoline a gas suitable for these engines. nothing. Ball bearings and rubber tires became common on Daimler, in 1885, built a motor bicycle (see Fig. 3) bicycles. Friction clutches, belts, chains, and gears for and later one or more quadricycles. I have no informa transmitting power were well known. Differential gear tion as to the number built, but one of these quadricycles ing had been used on tricycles. The self-propelled trol was shown at the Columbian Exhibition in Chicago duro ley car came into use, and experiments were made with ing 1893. It had no front axle, but the front wheels steam road vehicles like the one shown in Fig. 1. were steered by bicycle-type front forks.