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Wetland Habitat Goal

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Wetland Habitat Goal ANNUAL HABITAT WORK PLAN 2013 MONTEZUMA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge had an exceptional preseason banding program breaking the refuge banding record for wood ducks with 408. Approved by: Refuge Manager Date 1 I. Introduction The Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is located at the north end of Cayuga Lake in the heart of the Finger Lakes Region of central New York State. The refuge encompasses 9,809 acres and lies within New York’s 23rd and 24th U.S. Congressional Districts in Seneca, Cayuga, and Wayne Counties—35 miles west of Syracuse, 40 miles north of Ithaca, and 45 miles east of Rochester, NY. The refuge headquarters is located on US Route 20 and NY Route 5 near the Menard Memorial Bridge over the Seneca River. The New York State Barge Canal System, NY State Route 5, US Route 20, NY State Route 89, NY State Route 31 and the New York State Thruway pass through the interior of the refuge. Since the early 1990's, more than 3,100 acres of lands have been added to the refuge. Many of these parcels are scattered tracts within the original boundaries of the historic Montezuma marshes. Although established primarily for migratory waterfowl, Montezuma NWR provides habitats for a diversity of wildlife. The mix of wooded wetlands and uplands, emergent marshes, and mixed successional stages of vegetation all contribute to the species diversity of the wildlife community found at Montezuma. The Montezuma Wetlands Complex (MWC), of which the refuge is a part, was recognized for supporting one of the largest migratory concentrations of waterfowl in the Northeast and as a significant stopover site for migrating shorebirds in upstate New York. The MWC was New York’s flagship project in the Atlantic Coast Joint Venture after the adoption of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. The National Audubon Society identified the MWC as New York’s first Important Bird Area (IBA). The refuge is managed for a variety of habitats to fulfill the needs of wildlife of greatest conservation concern. At present, Montezuma NWR has 15 manageable impoundments totaling more than 4,200 acres of freshwater wetland habitat. The remainder of the refuge’s acreage consists of forests, grasslands, and early successional habitats ranging from old fields to young forests. Active habitat management is necessary to provide the best possible habitat for native wildlife species. In most impoundments, water levels are manipulated to provide high quality mudflat, emergent marsh, and open water wetland habitats primarily for waterfowl, shorebirds, marshbirds, and bald eagles. Water levels are managed within and between years in an attempt to mimic natural wetland hydro-periods or to provide the best possible habitat for priority wildlife species. II. 2012 Weather Overview The 2011-2012 winter months were exceptionally warm and dry, with a snowfall deficit of >20”, compared to the 54 year average. Through the winter, Cayuga Lake’s water level was managed lower than average in attempts to control hydrilla, a highly invasive aquatic plant, found at the south end of the lake in August 2011. The low lake levels and lack of precipitation resulted in exposed mudflats at the north end of Cayuga Lake. These flats made available high quality food resources that harbored large amounts of wintering swans, geese, and ducks. Although large amounts of American black ducks were using Cayuga Lake through the winter, the exposed mudflats made it difficult to target the birds for the post-hunt season banding effort. Lack of winter precipitation had little effect on refuge pools and by late spring lake levels had risen to 2 allow management to raise the water level in the Main Pool by using the Cayuga Lake Connector Ditch. Warm, dry conditions continued through spring and summer. Fall conditions were near normal and brought much needed rain, although the refuge still had a rainfall deficit of >3” for the year, compared to the 54 year average (Table 1). Table 1. Weather recorded from the NOAA Online Weather Data in Auburn, NY (http://www.nws.noaa.gov/) approximately 10 miles East of MNWR. Averages are recorded in P:\LINDA\Annual_Habitat_Work_Plans\AVE_Weather.xls. 31-Yr 54-Yr 54-Yr 2012 Temperature Average Average Temperature (1981-2012) 2012 2012 Snowfall Precipitation Average Snowfall Precipitation Inches Inches Month High Low High Low Inches Inches (1959-2012) (1959-2012) January 36.1 20.0 31.5 15.8 20.1 4.8 18.7 1.5 February 39.5 24.5 33.7 16.1 12.0 1.0 15.0 1.3 March 56.3 34.3 43.7 24.2 5.8 2.6 9.9 2.4 April 53.8 32.5 56.6 35.2 3.6 2.5 2.4 3.0 May 74.0 50.2 69.1 45.4 0.0 3.0 0.1 3.1 June 77.8 56.1 76.9 55.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 3.3 July 85.2 61.2 81.2 60.2 0.0 3.0 0.0 3.3 August 81.7 58.6 79.5 58.8 0.0 3.8 0.0 3.4 September 73.3 50.7 72.4 51.4 0.0 3.8 0.0 3.5 October 60.4 43.5 59.1 40.5 0.0 4.8 0.1 3.2 November 45.3 30.2 48.5 32.0 2.3 2.4 4.2 3.2 December 40.0 27.7 36.2 21.9 30.6 7.5 15.8 2.2 Avg. Temp./Total Snowfall/Precip. 60.9 41.2 58.5 38.1 74.4 35.6 66.2 33.2 III. Habitat Management Goals, Objectives, and Strategies Monitoring Strategies for All Habitat Types In 2012, bats were monitored in all habitat types across the southern half of the refuge to determine the distribution of each bat species present. The refuge also is looking to confirm the presence of the federally endangered Indiana bat. This bat was detected within the Montezuma Wetlands Complex on Howland’s Island within the Northern Montezuma Wildlife Management Area and likely also occurs on the refuge. To conduct these surveys, active and passive sonar recording devices were deployed during maternity, volant, and migratory periods. Software to 3 analyze the data will be purchased in fiscal year 2013 and then bat species distributions will be determined. In 2012, the refuge began a pilot citizen science project to monitor the presence, phenology and distribution of anuran species across the refuge per the Frog Watch USA protocol (http://www.aza.org/frogwatch). In 2013, anuran call count surveys will be conducted twice a week at points spread across the refuge. Results from 2012 can be viewed in P:\FrogWatch\Results_FrogWatch_2012. Goal 1 Provide, enhance, and restore where possible, freshwater emergent marsh, open water wetland, and mudflat habitats to benefit native wildlife and plant communities, particularly migrating waterfowl, shorebirds, and breeding marshbird. Objective 1.1 Emergent (Hemi) Marsh – Migrating Waterfowl (Dabbling Ducks, especially Pintail and American Black Duck) Annually provide a minimum of 2,000 acres of spring (March through April) and fall (September through November) waterfowl migration and staging habitat consisting of shallow flooded wetlands (less than 12 inches deep) with a target of at least 25 percent cover of annual and 25 percent cover of perennial vegetation dominated by native species with high waterfowl food value. Objective 1.2 Emergent Marsh – Breeding Marshbirds Over the life of the plan, annually provide a minimum of 2,000 acres of habitat for breeding marshbirds consisting of 50 percent well-interspersed emergent vegetation and 50 percent open water, stable water levels throughout the breeding season, and abundant nest substrates. Objective 1.3 Shallow Water Mudflats – Migrating Shorebirds Provide a minimum of 100 acres of shallow water wetlands (less than 4 inches deep) and mudflats with sparse (less than 15 percent) vegetation from April through November to benefit migrating shorebirds. Goal 1 Strategies Actual water levels for 2012 are listed in Appendix A. Table 2 summarizes planned actions for 2013 in the refuge’s 15 emergent marsh impoundments to meet the three objectives listed above. A biological calendar was created to further detail management actions on the refuge (Appendix B). 4 Table 2. Summary of planned management in each impoundment for 2013 and the habitat objective each action is intended to meet. 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 Shallow Shallow Emergent Emergent Emergent Water Water Marsh – Marsh – Unit Acres Management Action Marsh – Mudflats – Mudflats – Spring Fall Breeding Spring Fall Migrating Migrating Marshbirds Migrating Migrating Waterfowl Waterfowl Shorebirds Shorebirds Main Pool 1,657 Spring slow drawdown. X X Tschache Pool 1,160 Full pool. X X X Sandhill Crane Unit 448 Full pool. X Knox Marsellus Summer slow Marsh 236 drawdown. Fall flood. X X X May’s Point Pool 199 Full pool. X X X Kipp Island South 126 Low pool. X X Puddler Summer slow Marsh 98 drawdown. Fall flood. X X X North Spring Pool 91 No Action X X Kipp Island North 89 Low pool. X X Millennium Marsh 69 Low pool. X X X Spring slow drawdown. Visitor Summer disk.*+ Center Shallow flood late Wetland 26 summer. X X X X Spring slow drawdown. Summer disk and grade.* + Shallow flood Eaton late summer depending Marsh 18 on road work. X X X X Spring slow drawdown. Summer disk. + Shallow flood late summer Benning depending on road Marsh 18 work. X X X X Box Elder Bog 10 Full pool. X X Spring slow drawdown.
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