DOCSLIB.ORG

Crustacea:Ostracoda)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crustacea:Ostracoda) Copyright: Anna Syme, 2007 A Systematic Revision of the Cylindroleberididae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopa) Anna Syme B.Sc. (Hons.) Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, February 2007. Zoology Department The University of Melbourne Printed on archival quality paper i Copyright: Anna Syme, 2007 ABSTRACT Ostracods of the family Cylindroleberididae are speciose, widespread, and well- defined by morphological features including the possession of gills. Despite the family having been divided into three subfamilies, five tribes, 32 genera, and more than 200 species, the relationships between its species have never been analysed phylogenetically. Twenty-five of the 32 genera are not defined by unique features but rather combinations of characters, and may therefore be historical constructions rather than evolutionary groups. The classification is of limited functional and predictive use, and requires a systematic revision. This work resolves several outstanding taxonomic issues. A checklist of the 219 described species is presented, including comments on taxonomic uncertainty. One of the key points of uncertainty concerns the missing specimen upon which the type species Cypridina mariae and the type genus of the family (Cylindroleberis) is based. A neotype is therefore described which clarifies taxonomically important morphological characters, particularly of the first antenna and mandible. To facilitate identification of cylindroleberidid species in ecological surveys and biodiversity estimates, an interactive key is produced, applicable to species in all geographic areas. Three new cylindroleberidid species are described from coastal Australian waters. A cladistic analysis is undertaken in order to test current subfamily and generic concepts against phylogenetic criteria. Using Bayesian likelihood methods, a phylogeny is inferred from both morphological and molecular data. The morphological data come from 141 species and 66 characters. The molecular data are based on predominantly new sequences of both nuclear (28S) and mitochondrial (16S) DNA, for 22 species. The results of the phylogenetic analyses of both morphological and molecular data strongly support the monophyly of the Cylindroleberididae; however, the two phylogenies differ in the topology of subfamily relationships. Where the morphology- based phylogeny suggests that Asteropteroninae and Cyclasteropinae are sister taxa, and then sister to Cylindroleberidinae, the molecular-based phylogeny places Asteropteroninae within the paraphyletic Cylindroleberidinae. The position of the Cyclasteropinae is uncertain. There is much homoplasy in the morphological characters, iii Copyright: Anna Syme, 2007 and the molecular phylogeny is considered more accurate in its representation of relationships within the family. Character mapping on both the morphology- and molecular-based phylogenies indicates that most existing generic diagnostic character states do not uniquely define clades and are likely to be of limited use in any phylogenetically-based classification. However, one character of use is the posterior ridge on the inner carapace which defines two genus level clades. Two new characters are identified of taxonomic use: a lateral seta on the first antenna, and the shape of the posterior of the body. A known fossil cylindroleberidid is dated at 425 million years old; this date was used to calibrate divergence times between clades in the molecular phylogeny. A genus- level clade in the phylogeny is calibrated to 110 million years old. In the light of this temporal framework, it is not surprising that morphological characters show high levels of homoplasy, representing potential evolutionary convergence. Based on the resolution of taxonomic issues and phylogenetic results, six genera are revised. Cylindroleberis is re-diagnosed based on the neotype Cypridina mariae. The emended diagnosis results in the synonymy of the monotypic Polyleberis with Cylindroleberis. Synasterope is re-diagnosed based on the important morphological character of the posterior ridge, and Postasterope and Heptonema become synonymized with it. Although the monophyly of Parasterope is not demonstrated, it is retained as a broadly-defined genus and its diagnosis expanded to accommodate all former species of Synasterope that lack the posterior ridge. Sections of this thesis have been published in Syme and Poore (2006a; 2006b) and are incorporated in a manuscript in review (Syme and Poore in review). iv Copyright: Anna Syme, 2007 DECLARATION This is to certify that: i. the thesis comprises only my original work towards the PhD, ii. due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used, iii. the thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. Signed: v Copyright: Anna Syme, 2007 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my principal PhD supervisor, Dr Gary Poore (Museum Victoria), for support and advice, particularly regarding crustacean taxonomy, curation, and systematics. For assistance with applications and thesis revision I thank Dr David Macmillan (The University of Melbourne). Discussion and assistance was provided by staff, students and associates of Museum Victoria, particularly the Marine Invertebrates Department. In particular, I wish to thank Robin Wilson, Joanne Taylor, Paula Cisternas and Tim O’Hara. Part of this research was conducted at the laboratory of Todd Oakley (University of California, Santa Barbara), and I am grateful for the assistance, advice and use of laboratory equipment and samples, and help from other laboratory members. For discussion about the morphology and taxonomy of ostracods, I thank Louis Kornicker (Smithsonian Museum, Washington D.C.) and for assistance there I thank Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson. Andrew Parker (then at the Australian Museum, Sydney) provided advice regarding ostracod dissection. I am grateful to Linda and Andrew Syme who assisted with fieldwork. I thank Josh Mackie for discussion of molecular protocols and systematic methods, Ian Seymour for discussion regarding evolutionary theory and mathematics, and my family and friends for their support. This work was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award (2003-2006). For participation in laboratory research in the USA in 2004 I am grateful for awards from The University of Melbourne (Postgraduate Overseas Research Experience Scholarship) and the Zoology Department (Alfred Nichols Fellowship). Attendance at the 2006 Workshop on Molecular Evolution (USA) was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study (Student Travel Bursary), Museum Victoria (1854 Student Scholarship) and Australian Marine Sciences Association (Victorian Student Prize). I thank these organisations for their financial assistance. vii Copyright: Anna Syme, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH OUTLINE........................................................ 1 1.1 Research problem.......................................................................... 1 Systematics............................................................................ 1 Ostracoda ............................................................................. 1 Cylindroleberididae.............................................................. 2 Current problems in systematics .......................................... 2 1.2 Research aim: systematic revision................................................. 3 Resolution of existing taxonomic issues ............................... 3 Phylogenetic analysis ........................................................... 3 1.3 Research approach......................................................................... 4 Critical review of current knowledge ................................... 4 Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis.................................. 4 Discussion and revision........................................................ 4 CHAPTER 2: A REVIEW OF THE CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE .......... 7 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 7 2.2 Biology .......................................................................................... 7 Morphology .......................................................................... 7 Genetics .............................................................................. 13 Ecology ............................................................................... 13 Phylogeny and evolution .................................................... 15 2.3 Classification ............................................................................... 17 Higher relationships........................................................... 17 History of the classification................................................ 19 Accepted classification ....................................................... 22 Available genera................................................................. 24 2.4 Current systematic problems ....................................................... 31 Outstanding taxonomic issues ............................................ 32 Limited investigation of phylogeny and evolution.............. 32 Problematic classification .................................................. 33 2.5 Conclusion................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 3: A REVIEW OF SYSTEMATIC METHODOLOGY....... 35 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anchialine Cave Biology in the Era of Speleogenomics Jorge L
    International Journal of Speleology 45 (2) 149-170 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2016 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno1*, Thomas M. Iliffe2, and Heather D. Bracken-Grissom1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami FL 33181, USA 2Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA Abstract: Anchialine caves contain haline bodies of water with underground connections to the ocean and limited exposure to open air. Despite being found on islands and peninsular coastlines around the world, the isolation of anchialine systems has facilitated the evolution of high levels of endemism among their inhabitants. The unique characteristics of anchialine caves and of their predominantly crustacean biodiversity nominate them as particularly interesting study subjects for evolutionary biology. However, there is presently a distinct scarcity of modern molecular methods being employed in the study of anchialine cave ecosystems. The use of current and emerging molecular techniques, e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS), bestows an exceptional opportunity to answer a variety of long-standing questions pertaining to the realms of speciation, biogeography, population genetics, and evolution, as well as the emergence of extraordinary morphological and physiological adaptations to these unique environments. The integration of NGS methodologies with traditional taxonomic and ecological methods will help elucidate the unique characteristics and evolutionary history of anchialine cave fauna, and thus the significance of their conservation in face of current and future anthropogenic threats.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostracoda an Introduction.Pdf
    The Ostracoda (from Wikipedia, 5/5/2009: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostracod) Ostracoda is a class of the Crustacea, sometimes known as the seed shrimp because of their appearance. Ostracods are small crustaceans, typically around one mm in size, but varying between 0.2 to 30 mm, laterally compressed and protected by a bivalve-like, chitinous or calcareous valve or "shell". The hinge of the two valves is in the upper, dorsal region of the body. Some 65,000 species (13,000 of which are extant taxa) have been identified, grouped into several orders. This group may not be monophyletic. Ostracod taxa are grouped into a Class based on gross morphology. Ecologically, marine ostracods can be part of the zooplankton or (most commonly) they are part of the benthos, living on or inside the upper layer of the sea floor. Many ostracods, especially the Podocopida, are also found in fresh water and some are known from humid continental forest soils. The body consists of a cephalon (head), separated from the thorax by a slight constriction. The segmentation is unclear. The abdomen is regressed or absent whereas the adult gonads are relatively large. There are 5–8 pairs of appendages. The branchial plates are responsible for oxygenation. The epidermal cells may also secrete calcium carbonate after the chitinous layer is formed, resulting in a chalk layer enveloped by chitin. This calcification is not equally pronounced in all orders. During every instar transition, the old carapace (chitinous and calcified) is rejected and a new, larger is formed and calcified. The outer lamella calcifies completely, while the inner lamella calcifies partially, with the rest remaining chitinous.
    [Show full text]
  • The North American Ostracod Eusarsiella Zostericola (Cushman, 1906) Arrives in Mainland Europe
    BioInvasions Records (2013) Volume 2, Issue 1: 47–50 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2013.2.1.08 © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2013 REABIC Short Communication The North American ostracod Eusarsiella zostericola (Cushman, 1906) arrives in mainland Europe Marco Faasse1,2 1 eCOAST Marine Research, PO Box 149, 4330 AC Middelburg, The Netherlands 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Received: 3 October 2012 / Accepted: 14 November 2012 / Published online: 16 November 2012 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract In sediment samples collected in the Oosterschelde, a marine embayment in the southwest of The Netherlands (southern North Sea), nine specimens of a non-native myodocopid ostracod were found. The ostracods were identifed as the North American species Eusarsiella zostericola (Cushman, 1906), previously introduced to southeastern England, probably with imported American oysters. Key words: introduction; shellfish; Myodocopida; The Netherlands ostracods of the order Myodocopida from The Introduction Netherlands. They do not belong to any of the native species known from the North Sea area. At least three species introduced to southeast Their similarity to a species introduced to England with oysters from North America have England with oysters from North America was subsequently been recorded from The Nether- immediately evident and this was checked with lands. The American slipper limpet Crepidula the pertinent literature. fornicata (L., 1758) and the American piddock Petricolaria pholadiformis (Lamarck, 1818) Material and methods arrived in The Netherlands, possibly with shellfish imports from England (Wolff 2005), Samples were taken in the southwest delta area and the American oyster drill Urosalpinx cinerea of The Netherlands, on the eastern shore of the (Say, 1822) almost certainly did so (Faasse and Southern Bight of the North Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Ostracoda
    Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Ostracoda ~1997 Developments in Hydrobiology 148 Series editor H. J. Dumont Fifteen papers presented under Theme 3 of the 13th International Symposium on Ostracoda (IS097), held at the University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, U.K., from 27 to 31 July, 1997. The conference organizers were David J. Horne and Ian Slipper (University of Greenwich), Alan Lord (University Col­ lege London), Ian Boomer (University of East Anglia1) and Jonathan Holmes (Kingston University). 1 Present address: University of Newcastle. Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Ostracoda Theme 3 of the 13th International Symposium on Ostracoda (18097) Edited by David J. Horne & Koen Martens Reprinted from Hydrobio/ogia, volume 419 (2000) Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-5499-9 ISBN 978-94-017-1508-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1508-9 Printed an acid-free paper AII Rights reserved © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record ing or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. v Contents Preface Ostracoda and the four pillars of evolutionary wisdom K. Martens, D. J. Home Vll-Xl Keynote Paper Open qm~stions in evolutionary ecology: do ostracods have the answers? R.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Syncarid Crustaceans from the Montceau Lagersta¨Tte
    [Palaeontology, Vol. 49, Part 3, 2006, pp. 647–672] SYNCARID CRUSTACEANS FROM THE MONTCEAU LAGERSTA¨ TTE (UPPER CARBONIFEROUS; FRANCE) by VINCENT PERRIER*, JEAN VANNIER*, PATRICK R. RACHEBOEUF , SYLVAIN CHARBONNIER*, DOMINIQUE CHABARDà and DANIEL SOTTYà *Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5125 PEPS ‘Pale´oenvironnements et Pale´obiosphe`re’, Campus scientifique de la Doua, Baˆtiment Ge´ode, 2 rue Raphae¨l Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Universite´ de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6538 ‘Domaines Oce´aniques’ – Pale´ontologie, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, F-29238 Brest cedex 3, France; e-mail: [email protected] àMuse´e d’Histoire Naturelle d’Autun, 14 rue St-Antoine, 71400 Autun, France Typescript received 28 September 2004; accepted in revised form 17 May 2005 Abstract: Key aspects of the morphology, autecology, sys- suggest a relatively low level of locomotory activity. The tematics and taphonomy of the crustacean syncarids from field of vision may have been large and panoramic (stalked the Montceau Lagersta¨tte (Upper Carboniferous, Stephanian eyes). Rows of pores on 12 trunk segments are interpreted B; France) are presented. Palaeocaris secretanae is the most as possible sensory organs used for current detection. abundant faunal element of the Montceau biota and shows Females were brooding eggs (clusters of eggs preserved striking morphological similarities with Palaeocaris typus along anteroventral trunk). Microprobe analysis indicates from the Mazon Creek Lagersta¨tte (Westphalian D; Illinois, that siderite is the major component of the nodules. Four USA). Palaeocaris secretanae was a shrimp-like animal with events played a key-role in the three-dimensional preserva- a short head (no head shield), large mandibles, 14 trunk tion of syncarids: (1) rapid burial, (2) minimal decomposi- segments (the first one being reduced) and a fan-like caudal tion, (3) phosphatic mineralization shortly after the termination.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthese Des Donnees Sur La Biodiversite Des Ecosystemes D’Eau Douce De La Nouvelle-Caledonie 2- Typologie Et Usages
    CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL 1- SYNTHESE DES DONNEES SUR LA BIODIVERSITE DES ECOSYSTEMES D’EAU DOUCE DE LA NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE 2- TYPOLOGIE ET USAGES RAPPORT FINAL Libellulidae sp. (photo . Dutartre) Sources holocrènes de la Xwé Bwi (photo C. Flouhr) Jacinthes d'eau sur le barrage anti-sel de la Koné (Photo N. Mary) Clémentine FLOUHR(HYTEC) et Nathalie MARY (ETHYCO) En collaboration avec : Philippe KEITH, Gérard MARQUET et Joël JƜRƜMIE Mai 2006 Préambule Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention entre le WWF et le bureau d’études Hytec sur financement de Conservation International et du WWF. Ce document, et la base de données qui l’accompagne, concrétisent six mois de travail intense piloté conjointement par Nathalie Mary du bureau d’études ETHYCO et Clémentine Flouhr (Hytec), avec la précieuse collaboration de Philippe Keith et de Joël Jérémie du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, de Gérard Marquet ainsi que celle de Catherine Da Silva et de Louis Thouvenot. Nous tenons à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont participé à ce travail et qui se sont investies dans la réalisation de cette synthèse. En particulier, nous remercions Clément Couteau, Tim Entwisle, Daniel Grand, Kjell Arne Johanson, Rod Mac Farlane, Jean-Marc Mériot, Christian Mille et Sylvie Cazères, Harry Smit, Jörn Theueurkauf et Sophie Rouys, John B. Ward qui ont cru en ce projet et qui ont mis à disposition leurs bases de données personnelles ou des documents non publiés. Nous remercions également pour la leçon donnée en toute humilité par Touraivane et Didier Lille sur les bases de données inter-opérables et le bol d’air qu’elles amènent à ce type de travail et aux personnes qui les manipulent au quotidien.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostracoda, Myodocopida, Philomedidae) from the Taiwan Strait (East China Sea
    Two new benthic Euphilomedes Kornicker, 1967 (Ostracoda, Myodocopida, Philomedidae) from the Taiwan Strait (East China Sea) Peng Xiang1, Xiaoyin Chen1, Ruixiang Chen1, Jinghong Lin1, Yu Wang1, Youyin Ye 1 and Mao Lin1,2 1 Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration, Xiamen, China 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou, China ABSTRACT Ostracods are small bivalved crustaceans widely distributed in aquatic environments and in total 99 species have been recorded in genus Euphilomedes Kornicker, 1967. In this study, we further describe two new species of benthic ostracods in this genus, Euphilomedes liuruiyii sp. nov. and Euphilomedes pentacanthos sp. nov., collected from the Taiwan Strait in China. These two species can be easily distinguished from their congeners by some crucial morphological characteristics, including the carapace shape, the numbers of main and secondary furcal claws, and their arrangement of furcal claws. In addition the first antenna, endopod of second antenna, frontal organ, mandible and the seventh limb also differentiate these two species from related species. Subjects Biodiversity, Marine Biology, Taxonomy, Zoology Keywords Taxonomy, Ostracoda, Euphilomedes, Taiwan Strait, New species INTRODUCTION Submitted 10 August 2016 Ostracods are small bivalved crustaceans that inhabit various aquatic environments Accepted 5 March 2017 Published 6 April 2017 where they are one of the major constituents of the meiobenthos. The taxonomy and Corresponding
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Distribution and Population Structure of the Three Dominant Planktonic Ostracods (Discoconchoecia Pseudodiscophora
    Plankton Biol. Ecol. 49 (2): 66-74, 2002 plankton biology & ecology K> The Plankton Society of Japan 2002 Vertical distribution and population structure of the three dominant planktonic ostracods (Discoconchoecia pseudodiscophora, Orthoconchoecia haddoni and Metaconchoecia skogsbergi) in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific Hideki Kaeriyama & Tsutomu Ikeda Marine Biodiversity Laboratory, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-0821, Japan Received 19 November 2001; accepted 4 April 2002 Abstract: Diel and seasonal vertical distribution and population structure of Discoconchoecia pseu- dodiscophora (Rudjakov), Orthoconchoecia haddoni (Brady & Norman) and Metaconchoecia skogs bergi (lies) were investigated in the Oyashio region during September 1996 through October 1997. Monthly samples were collected with 0.1 mm mesh closing nets hauled vertically through five con tiguous discrete depths between the surface and ~2000 m. D. pseudodiscophora occurred predomi nantly from the base of the thermocline to a depth of 500 m. O. haddoni and M. skogsbergi occurred somewhat deeper at depths of 250 to 1000 m, but were also moderately abundant below 1000 m. Sampling was undertaken both by day and by night during December 1996, April and October 1997 to assess diel vertical migration activity, but revealed no appreciable day/night differences in the ver tical distributions of the ostracods. All the instars sampled [instars II through VIII (adults) of D. pseu dodiscophora and O. haddoni, and instars III through VIII (adults) of M. skogsbergi] were collected throughout the entire period of the study. All three species showed evidence of ontogenetic vertical migration—the ranges of these migrations being from 300-1000 m in D.
    [Show full text]
  • From an Anchialine Lava Tube in Lanzarote, Canary Islands
    Ostracoda (Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from an Anchialine Lava Tube in Lanzarote, Canary Islands LOUIS S. KORN1CKER and THOMAS M. ILIFFE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 568 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus and Two New Species of Cypridinidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopina) from Australia
    AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Parker, A. R., 1998. A new genus and two new species of Cypridinidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopina) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50(1): 1–17. [13 May 1998]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1271 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia Records of the Australian Museum (1998) Vol. 50: 1-17. ISSN 0067-1975 A New Genus and Two New Species of Cypridinidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopina) from Australia A.R. PARKER Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new genus and two new species of Cypridinidae, Lowrya taiti and Lowrya kornickeri, are described from New South Wales, Australia. Both species are scavengers. They possess an elongate frontal knob and a structurally coloured red area on the rostrum of the carapace. The adult males of these species bear large compound eyes with very large dorsal ommatidia and very large "suckers" arising from cup-shaped processes near the base of the c-setae of the first antennae. Lowrya taiti possesses "coelotrichs", which are unusual evagination/setal sensillae of the carapace (Parker, submitted), and a concave anterior margin of the left rostrum only. Lowrya kornickeri is unusual because it bears an additional small "sucker" distal to the large basal "sucker" on the basal setule of the b-seta of the male first antenna.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Research and Management
    Marine Research and Management Editors V.N. Pillai and N.G. Menon Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Tatapuram P.O., Cochin-682 014 Kerala, India 2000 Studies on ostracods of the Indian seas 6 Molly Varghese ABSTRACT An account of the past five decades of research carried out on ostracods by the staff of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute and most relevant works carried'out by others on the topic from the Indian seas are presented. This is a review of the major work done especially the distribution and abundance in space and time along with, descriptions of species in the inshore as well as in the oceanic regions of the Indiai\ seas Present status of research on ostracods Ostracods being an important group of zooplankton under the class Crustacea, the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute initiated research on ostracods from the very inception of the Institute, as a result of which, good amount of literature are available covering the Indian coasts and the oceanic waters of Indian EEZ including Lakshadweep and Andaman seas. As CMFRI could participate in the Antarctic Expedition some information have been brought out based on third Indian Antarctic Expedition also. The descriptions of species under the families Cyprldinldae, Rutidermatidae, Sarrlellidae, Asteropidae, Thanmatocypridae, Halocypridae and Conchoecinae are given in detail in the Dana Report by Poulsen (1962, 1965, 1969&1973). Recent marine podocopid ostracods were studied by Benson (1966) while Angel described the planktonlc ostracods (1972) and bio- luminescence in planktonlc halocyprid ostracods (1968). Biolumlnescence has been observed : n 11 species of ostracods and the sites of secretion are also described.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taxonomy and Biogeography of Macrofaunal Ostracod Crustaceans
    The taxonomy and biogeography of macrofaunal ostracod crustaceans, with focus on the abyssal benthic Pacific fauna relevant to the CCFZ Ivana Karanovic Hanyang University, Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 133-791, Korea University of Tasmania, IMAS, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia e-mail: [email protected] Few words about myself Italy(Salerno, 2 years) Serbia (Novi Sad, born) Australia (Perth & Hobart, 10 years) Germany (Hamburg, 2 years) South Korea (Seoul, 3.5 years) • Started working on ostracods 15 years ago • Worked on faunas from all continents (including Antarctica) • and from all environments: from freshwater puddles to deep sea • I don’t particularly like ostracods • I like the fact that ostracods give insight into many aspects of biology General information on ostracods • Named in 1802 by Latreille • Name comes from the Greek óstrakon, meaning shell or tile • Common name in English: “mussel shrimp” or “seed shrimp” • In German it is “Muschelkrebse” • Live in all aquatic habitats on the planet Fossil record Systematics • Previously in the class Maxillopoda • Currently recognized as one of the 7 classes of the phylum Crustacea Currently divided into two subclasses 1. Myodocopa 2. Podocopa Systematics cont. 4a. 1. Subclass Myodocopa 1. Order Myodocopina 2. Order Halocyprida 4b. a) Suborder Halocypridina b) Suborder Cladocopina 2a. Subclass Podocopa 3. Order Platycopida 4. Order Podocopida 4c. a) Suborder Bairdiocopina b) Suborder Cytherocopina 2b. c) Suborder Darwinulocopina d) Suborder Cypridocopina 4d. e) Suborder Sigilliocopina 3. Photo credits: 4e. 1, 2: S.N. Brandao 3: Brandao & Yasuhara 4b, c: D. Keyser 4e: From Maddocks (1972) Morphology a.
    [Show full text]