82 News and Views ILLUSTRATED OCCASIONAL NEWSLETTER Est. 1978 January 2019 Priceless DARTMOUTH TURNS 250! READ ABOUT ITS HISTORY JOIN THE CELEBRATION 1769 1783 1797 First Senior Society The charter founded Dartmouth “for the education & Named the Geisel School of Medicine in instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in the 2014, the medical school is the 4th oldest in Land…for civilizing & christianizing Children of Pa- the US. Aware of the scarcity of medical pro- gans….” College founder Eleazar Wheelock drafted fessionals in the Upper Valley, Nathan the charter. Royal Governor of the Province of New Smith, an MD out of Cornish, NH, peti- Hampshire John Wentworth granted the charter on tioned the Board of Trustees to fund the es- December 13, 1769, m aking Dartm outh’s the tablishment of a medical school. Smith be- ninth and last royally granted charter before U.S. in- gan lecturing in the fall of 1797. dependence. 1819 1828 1867 1882 Bema built Dartmouth College Case Dartmouth was the subject of a landmark U.S. Su- preme Court case in 1819, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, in which the College prevailed against the State of New Hampshire, which sought to amend Dartmouth’s charter. The case is considered to be one of the most important and formative doc- uments in United States constitutional history, strengthening the Constitution's contract clause Sylvanus Thayer, Dartmouth 1807, and thereby paving the way for American private established an engineering school at institutions to conduct their affairs in accordance First African American Student his alma mater. In 1867, Thayer with their charters and without interference from brought engineering to Dartmouth. the state. Graduates He not only offered $70,000—an Edward Mitchell matriculated enormous sum at the time—to cre- Daniel Webster, Class of 1801, passionately argued after a student committee for the original contract to be preserved. “It is sir as ate an engineering school, he also pressed the board of trustees to detailed the curriculum: technical I have said, a small college, and yet there are those reverse their initial refusal of who love it.” studies built on a strong liberal arts Mitchell's admission. In peti- foundation. Over one hundred fifty tioning the trustees to accept years later, his Thayer School of En- Mitchell, the students wrote, gineering continues the educa- “From what we know of Mr. tional model he invented. Mitchell’s moral character and intellectual attainment we wish him every success; so, far from feeling any disrespect towards him on account of his color or extraction, we think him enti- tled to the highest praise.” 1892 1895 1900 1904 “The custom of ‘Dartmouth Night’ was successfully inaugurat- ed, and will be a most pleas- ing feature of college life.” –The Dartmouth, Sept. 20, 1895 At the beginning of the 20th century, U.S. commerce and industry were experiencing explosive growth, and more college graduates were choosing careers in business. Wil- While Robert Frost, Dart- liam Jewett Tucker, then president of Dartmouth College, mouth Class of 1896, attended was concerned about business leadership in a broad social the College for just one term in sense and recognized the need for “training commensurate 1892, he remembered those with the larger meaning of business.” Tucker thought of his fall months vividly. former college roommate, Edward Tuck, who enthusiasti- cally agreed to help. In 1900, The Tuck School of Business was founded as the first graduate school of management. The Burning of Dartmouth Hall Dartmouth Hall burned down in Feb- ruary of 1904; alumni quickly raised funds for a new building, its corner- stone laid by that October. It was cru- cial to rebuild the hall as fast as possi- ble as it was central to student life; it included a dormitory, a library, and classrooms. The hall was completed in 1906; further renovations were made to fireproof the building after it caught fire again in 1935. 1910 1920 1930 1935 Created in 1910 at the sugges- In January 1920, a group of Dart- What had started tion of DOC founder Fred mouth students gathered together Sanborn Tea Begins with just 16 tripees Harris, Class of 1911, what with the goal of restoring a rowing and a few trip lead- began as the “first field day of team to the College. The College ers had grown by the Outing Club,” has grown Trustees rejected the students’ pro- 1970 to the point over its 100-plus years into posal, and their plans were halted. where nearly half of one of Dartmouth’s most the incoming class cherished traditions. While participated in Winter Carnival has Freshman Trips. evolved over the years, it is Today the program involves over 90 % still one of the country’s great of the freshman class and more than cold weather celebrations, 200 upperclassmen student leaders. as National Geographic Traveler noted in 2012. Fortunately, these students refused to give up, deter- mined as they were to take advantage of their proxim- ity to the Connecticut River. So, in April of 1920, they founded Ledyard Canoe Club. The new club chose John Ledyard for their namesake, a man who, in his first year as a Dartmouth student (Class of 1777), grew tired of his studies, felled a pine tree, dug out a canoe, and set off down the Connecticut to be- come an explorer. By 1921, their second year in exist- ence, the new organization had already retraced Le- dyard’s trip. This tradition continues today as the an- nual Trip to the Sea, which sends seniors traveling down the Connecticut River from Hanover to the Long Island Sound. 1937 1938 1939 1956 Moosilauke Ravine Lodge had been built as a ski lodge in Dartmouth skiway opens the 1938, just as the trails on Home of the Dartmouth Ski Mount Moosilauke were blazing Team, the Skiway has been Dartmouth’s position atop the host to NCAA championships new collegiate sport of downhill and scores of racers who went ski racing . Using axes and adzes, on to compete in international hand tools, two draft horses and and Olympic competition, as no power equipment save a gas- Theodore Giesel ‘25 writes his well as community-based ski powered cement mixer,, a crew first children’s book Robert May ‘26 writes programs and after-school ski built a crude but dramatic 6,600- Rudolph the Red Nosed programs from nearby towns. square-foot log cabin. The center- Reindeer piece was a great room with a per- fectly scaled stone fireplace and chimney off to the side so that its windows were the focal point by day. WWII stalled momentum on usage at the Lodge and it sat dere- lict and nearly abandoned up through the 60s. It was only in the 1970s, after Dartmouth adopt- ed its year-round calendar, and with interest in the outdoors spik- ing, that the Ravine Lodge came into its second life as the spiritual center of Dartmouth’s outdoor culture. Today, most incoming students get their introduction to Dartmouth and each other through songs, stories and meals shared at Moosilauke. 1958 1964 1965 1971 John Rassias joins Dartmouth faculty Formal foreign study began at Dart- mouth in 1958, when two students en- rolled for a year at the University of Ma- drid, Spain, under the direction of Pro- fessor Robert Russell. Today, Dartmouth ranks first among Ivy League institutions for study abroad participation, with 55 percent of Dartmouth undergraduates At 4 a.m. on May 1, 1964, in College engaging in more than 40 off-campus Hall, Professor John Kemeny and a programs in 29 countries. The D-Plan is student programmer simultaneously well suited for off-campus and interna- typed RUN on neighboring terminals. tional programs, giving students a rich When they both got back correct an- array of choices four terms a year. Indi- swers to their simple programs, time- vidual faculty design and lead the pro- sharing and BASIC were born. grams onsite, often serving as mentors to their students. A beginner’s modern dance class leads to the founding of Pilobolus. The experimental dance company, which has created over 120 dance works, is named for a fungus grown in cow manure. 1970 1972 1977 In November, 1971, Dartmouth became the last Ivy League college to admit women when its board of trustees approved enrollment of 1000 women beginning in the fall of 1972. The deci- sion, announced by President John G. Kemeny, followed a series of polls which indicated student, faculty and alumni favored coeducation. A con- tentious question was how to bring women to Dartmouth without affecting the number of men Dartmouth’s charter created a college “for matriculating. The vote was linked to going to the education and instruction of Youth of year-round operation—the Dartmouth Plan, the Indian Tribes in this Land ... and also which required students to attend one summer session. of English Youth and any others.” But this central tenet of the College’s charter went When Ralph Manuel was considering tak- largely unfilled for 200 years, as Dart- Since its establishment in 1977, the ing a job in the mouth counted only 20 Native American Kenneth and Harle Montgomery En- Dean’s office, he was students among its graduates prior to asked flatly if he dowment has enabled Dart- 1970. knew Dartmouth was mouth to invite distinguished lumi- going coed. Manuel naries, whose contributions to the uni- When Dartmouth’s 13th president, John answered flatly that verse of ideas and the cultural and po- G. Kemeny, took office in March 1970, he he wouldn’t be apply- litical fabric of society have been nota- vowed to rededicate the institution to this ing if it were not.