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State of Health in the EU Slovak Republic Country Health Profile 2017

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State of Health in the EU Slovak Republic Country Health Profile 2017 State of Health in the EU Slovak Republic Country Health Profile 2017 European on Health Systems and Policies a partnership hosted by WHO b . Health in the Slovak Republic The Country Health Profile series Contents The State of Health in the EU profiles provide a concise and 1 • HIGHLIGHTS 1 policy-relevant overview of health and health systems in the EU 2 • HEALTH IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2 Member States, emphasising the particular characteristics and 3 • RISK FACTORS 4 challenges in each country. They are designed to support the efforts of Member States in their evidence-based policy making. 4 • THE HEALTH SYSTEM 6 5 • PERFORMANCE OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM 9 The Country Health Profiles are the joint work of the OECD and 5.1 Effectiveness 9 the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in 5.2 Accessibility 11 cooperation with the European Commission. The team is grateful for the valuable comments and suggestions provided by Member 5.3 Resilience 13 States and the Health Systems and Policy Monitor network. 6 • KEY FINDINGS 16 Data and information sources The data and information in these Country Health Profiles are The calculated EU averages are weighted averages of the based mainly on national official statistics provided to Eurostat 28 Member States unless otherwise noted. and the OECD, which were validated in June 2017 to ensure the highest standards of data comparability. The sources and To download the Excel spreadsheet matching all the methods underlying these data are available in the Eurostat tables and graphs in this profile, just type the following Database and the OECD health database. Some additional data StatLinks into your Internet browser: also come from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933593798 (IHME), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) surveys and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other national sources. Demographic and socioeconomic context in the Slovak Republic, 2015 Slovak Republic EU Demographic factors Population size (thousands) 5 424 509 175 Share of population over age 65 (%) 14.0 18.9 Fertility rate¹ 1.4 1.6 Socioeconomic factors GDP per capita (EUR PPP2) 22 300 28 900 Relative poverty rate3 (%) 8.4 10.8 Unemployment rate (%) 11.5 9.4 1. Number of children born per woman aged 15–49. 2. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is defined as the rate of currency conversion that equalises the purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries. 3. Percentage of persons living with less than 50% of median equivalised disposable income. Source: Eurostat Database. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are solely those of the authors well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of its member countries, or of the any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies or any of its Partners. The views expressed territory, city or area. herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as Additional disclaimers for WHO are visible at http://www.who.int/bulletin/disclaimer/en/ © OECD and World Health Organization (acting as the host organization for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) STATE OF HEALTH IN THE EU: COUNTRY PROFILE 2017 – THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC Highlights . 1 1 Highlights The health status of the Slovak population has improved since 2000 but still lags behind the EU average. Slovak people live longer but Republic Slovak persistent disparities in life expectancy exist by gender and socioeconomic group. The Slovak health system provides coverage to the entire population, although access to care is more limited in certain regions, and quality and efficiency can be improved in many areas. Health status Life expectancy at birth, years SK EU Life expectancy at birth in 2015 was 76.7 years, up from 73.3 years in 2000, but still 80 80.6 almost four years below the EU average. A large gender gap persists, with Slovak men 79 living on average more than seven years less than women (73.1 years compared to 80.2 78 77.3 77 years). There are also large disparities by socioeconomic group: people with a low level of 76.7 76 education live on average 10 years less than those with a university education. 75 74 73.3 76.7 73 YEARS 2000 2015 Risk factors % of adults in 2014 SK EU In 2014, 23% of adults were daily smokers, above the EU average. Smoking among men Smoking is nearly two times greater than among women, and smoking among people with low 23% education is almost two-thirds higher compared to those with higher education. Overall alcohol consumption per adult has decreased slightly since 2000. One in eight Slovak Binge drinking 13% adults report heavy alcohol consumption on a regular basis, which is less than the EU average. One in six adults are obese, a rate similar to the EU average, and overweight and Obesity 16% obesity problems among adolescents are on the rise. Health system Per capita spending (EUR PPP) SK EU The Slovak Republic spends less on health than most other EU countries, both in absolute €3 000 terms and as a share of GDP. In 2015, EUR 1 538 per capita was spent on health care, €2 000 compared to the EU average of EUR 2 797. This amounts to 6.9% of GDP compared to €1 000 9.9% across the EU as a whole. Some 80% of health spending in the Slovak Republic is €0 publicly funded, which is close to the EU average. 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Health system performance Effectiveness Access Resilience Despite improvements, amenable mortality Access to health care in the Slovak Republic Public spending on in the Slovak Republic remains well above is generally good, with low numbers health increased in the the EU average. Mortality rates following reporting unmet needs for medical care Slovak Republic in recent hospital admission for a heart attack or and little variation between income groups. years, but substantial stroke came down over the past decade, However, concerns exist about geographical room remains to improve efficiency by signalling improvements in acute care. inequalities in service availability. strengthening primary care and reducing reliance on the hospital sector. Addressing Amenable mortality per 100 000 population SK EU % reporting unmet medical needs, 2015 human resource shortages, especially the 350 High income All Low income 333 305 low number of General Practitioners (GPs) in 243 260 SK rural areas, is another important challenge. 215 170 175 EU 125 126 2005 2014 0% 3% 6% STATESTATE OF HEALTH OF HEALTH IN THE IN EU:THE COUNTRY EU: COUNTRY PROFILE PROFILE 2017 2017 – THE – SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2 . Health in the Slovak Republic 2 Health in Slovak Republic Slovak Republic Slovak Life expectancy is increasing, but remains for those who have not completed their secondary education. This is almost four years below the EU average one of the largest gaps in the EU. Life expectancy at birth in the Slovak Republic has increased by more Most of the gains in life expectancy in the Slovak Republic since than three years since 2000 to reach 76.7 years in 2015 (Figure 1). 2000 have been driven by reductions in mortality rates after the Yet the life expectancy of the Slovak people is still almost four years age of 65. The life expectancy of Slovak women at age 65 reached less than the EU average. 18.8 in 2015 (up from 16.7 years in 2000) and that of men reached 15.0 years (up from 12.9 years in 2000). However, not all A substantial gap persists in life expectancy between men and of these additional years of life are lived in good health. At age 65, women: life expectancy at birth for Slovak men (73.1 years) is more Slovak women and men can expect to live about four years of their than seven years less than that of women (80.2 years). This gender remaining years free of disability, which represents only about 20% gap is greater than the EU average (5.4 years). Furthermore, there is a of the remaining years of life for women and 30% for men.1 large gap in life expectancy by socioeconomic status: life expectancy 1. These are based on the indicator of ‘healthy life years’, which measures the number of at birth for Slovaks with a university education is 10 years longer than years that people can expect to live free of disability at different ages. Slovakia Figure 1. Life expectancy increased by more than three years since 2000, 80.9years of age but is still below the EU average Slovak Republic Years 2015 2000 90 76.7years of age 85 EU Average 80.6 years of age 83.0 82.7 82.4 82.4 82.2 81.9 81.8 81.6 81.6 81.5 81.3 81.3 81.1 81.1 81.0 80.9 80.8 80.7 80.6 80 78.7 78.0 77.5 77.5 76.7 75.7 75.0 74.8 74.7 75 74.6 70 65 60 EU Italy Spain Malta Latvia France Cyprus Poland Ireland Greece Austria Croatia Finland Estonia Sweden Belgium Bulgaria Portugal Hungary Slovenia Romania Denmark Germany Lithuania Netherlands Luxembourg Czech Republic United Kingdom Slovak Republic Source: Eurostat Database.
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