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Practice Tips for Open Source Licensing Adam Kubelka
Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal Volume 22 | Issue 4 Article 4 2006 No Free Beer - Practice Tips for Open Source Licensing Adam Kubelka Matthew aF wcett Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Adam Kubelka and Matthew Fawcett, No Free Beer - Practice Tips for Open Source Licensing, 22 Santa Clara High Tech. L.J. 797 (2005). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj/vol22/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE NO FREE BEER - PRACTICE TIPS FOR OPEN SOURCE LICENSING Adam Kubelkat Matthew Fawcetttt I. INTRODUCTION Open source software is big business. According to research conducted by Optaros, Inc., and InformationWeek magazine, 87 percent of the 512 companies surveyed use open source software, with companies earning over $1 billion in annual revenue saving an average of $3.3 million by using open source software in 2004.1 Open source is not just staying in computer rooms either-it is increasingly grabbing intellectual property headlines and entering mainstream news on issues like the following: i. A $5 billion dollar legal dispute between SCO Group Inc. (SCO) and International Business Machines Corp. t Adam Kubelka is Corporate Counsel at JDS Uniphase Corporation, where he advises the company on matters related to the commercialization of its products. -
Ironpython in Action
IronPytho IN ACTION Michael J. Foord Christian Muirhead FOREWORD BY JIM HUGUNIN MANNING IronPython in Action Download at Boykma.Com Licensed to Deborah Christiansen <[email protected]> Download at Boykma.Com Licensed to Deborah Christiansen <[email protected]> IronPython in Action MICHAEL J. FOORD CHRISTIAN MUIRHEAD MANNING Greenwich (74° w. long.) Download at Boykma.Com Licensed to Deborah Christiansen <[email protected]> For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. Sound View Court 3B fax: (609) 877-8256 Greenwich, CT 06830 email: [email protected] ©2009 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Recognizing also our responsibility to conserve the resources of our planet, Manning books are printed on paper that is at least 15% recycled and processed without the use of elemental chlorine. -
ACS – the Archival Cytometry Standard
http://flowcyt.sf.net/acs/latest.pdf ACS – the Archival Cytometry Standard Archival Cytometry Standard ACS International Society for Advancement of Cytometry Candidate Recommendation DRAFT Document Status The Archival Cytometry Standard (ACS) has undergone several revisions since its initial development in June 2007. The current proposal is an ISAC Candidate Recommendation Draft. It is assumed, however not guaranteed, that significant features and design aspects will remain unchanged for the final version of the Recommendation. This specification has been formally tested to comply with the W3C XML schema version 1.0 specification but no position is taken with respect to whether a particular software implementing this specification performs according to medical or other valid regulations. The work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. You are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit), and adapt the work under the conditions specified at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. Disclaimer of Liability The International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) disclaims liability for any injury, harm, or other damage of any nature whatsoever, to persons or property, whether direct, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from publication, use of, or reliance on this Specification, and users of this Specification, as a condition of use, forever release ISAC from such liability and waive all claims against ISAC that may in any manner arise out of such liability. ISAC further disclaims all warranties, whether express, implied or statutory, and makes no assurances as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published in the Specification. -
Press Release: New and Revised Extensions for Accessible
Press release Leuven, Belgium, 8 November 2011 New and Revised Extensions for Accessible Document Creation with OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven) today released an extension for OpenOffice.org Writer and LibreOffice Writer that enables users to evaluate and repair accessibility issues in word processing documents. “AccessODF” (http://sourceforge.net/p/accessodf/wiki/) is a freeware extension for OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice, two office suites that are freely available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux/Unix and Solaris. At the same time, K.U.Leuven also releases new versions of two other extensions: odt2daisy (http://odt2daisy.sourceforge.net/) and odt2braille (http://odt2braille.sourceforge.net/). The former enables users to export word processing documents to digital talking books in the DAISY format; the latter enables exporting to Braille and printing on a Braille embosser. AccessODF, odt2daisy and odt2braille are being developed in the framework of the AEGIS project, an R&D project funded by the European Commission. The three extensions will be demonstrated at the AEGIS project’s Workshop and Conference, which take place in Brussels on 28-30 November 2011 (http://aegis-conference.eu/). AccessODF AccessODF is an extension that can be used in OpenOffice.org Writer and in LibreOffice Writer. It enables authors to find and repair accessibility issues in their documents, i.e. issues that make their documents difficult or even impossible to read for people with disabilities. This includes -
102-401-08 3 Fiches SOFTW.Indd
PYPY to be adapted to new platforms, to be used in education Scope and to give new answers to security questions. Traditionally, fl exible computer languages allow to write a program in short time but the program then runs slow- Contribution to standardization er at the end-user. Inversely, rather static languages run 0101 faster but are tedious to write programs in. Today, the and interoperability issues most used fl exible and productive computer languages Pypy does not contribute to formal standardization proc- are hard to get to run fast, particularly on small devices. esses. However, Pypy’s Python implementation is practi- During its EU project phase 2004-2007 Pypy challenged cally interoperable and compatible with many environ- this compromise between fl exibility and speed. Using the ments. Each night, around 12 000 automatic tests ensure platform developed in Pypy, language interpreters can that it remains robust and compatible to the mainline now be written at a higher level of abstraction. Pypy au- Python implementation. tomatically produces effi cient versions of such language interpreters for hardware and virtual target environ- Target users / sectors in business ments. Concrete examples include a full Python Inter- 010101 10 preter, whose further development is partially funded by and society the Google Open Source Center – Google itself being a Potential users are developers and companies who have strong user of Python. Pypy also showcases a new way of special needs for using productive dynamic computer combining agile open-source development and contrac- languages. tual research. It has developed methods and tools that support similar projects in the future. -
Scons API Docs Version 4.2
SCons API Docs version 4.2 SCons Project July 31, 2021 Contents SCons Project API Documentation 1 SCons package 1 Module contents 1 Subpackages 1 SCons.Node package 1 Submodules 1 SCons.Node.Alias module 1 SCons.Node.FS module 9 SCons.Node.Python module 68 Module contents 76 SCons.Platform package 85 Submodules 85 SCons.Platform.aix module 85 SCons.Platform.cygwin module 85 SCons.Platform.darwin module 86 SCons.Platform.hpux module 86 SCons.Platform.irix module 86 SCons.Platform.mingw module 86 SCons.Platform.os2 module 86 SCons.Platform.posix module 86 SCons.Platform.sunos module 86 SCons.Platform.virtualenv module 87 SCons.Platform.win32 module 87 Module contents 87 SCons.Scanner package 89 Submodules 89 SCons.Scanner.C module 89 SCons.Scanner.D module 93 SCons.Scanner.Dir module 93 SCons.Scanner.Fortran module 94 SCons.Scanner.IDL module 94 SCons.Scanner.LaTeX module 94 SCons.Scanner.Prog module 96 SCons.Scanner.RC module 96 SCons.Scanner.SWIG module 96 Module contents 96 SCons.Script package 99 Submodules 99 SCons.Script.Interactive module 99 SCons.Script.Main module 101 SCons.Script.SConsOptions module 108 SCons.Script.SConscript module 115 Module contents 122 SCons.Tool package 123 Module contents 123 SCons.Variables package 125 Submodules 125 SCons.Variables.BoolVariable module 125 SCons.Variables.EnumVariable module 125 SCons.Variables.ListVariable module 126 SCons.Variables.PackageVariable module 126 SCons.Variables.PathVariable module 127 Module contents 127 SCons.compat package 129 Module contents 129 Submodules 129 SCons.Action -
Pack, Encrypt, Authenticate Document Revision: 2021 05 02
PEA Pack, Encrypt, Authenticate Document revision: 2021 05 02 Author: Giorgio Tani Translation: Giorgio Tani This document refers to: PEA file format specification version 1 revision 3 (1.3); PEA file format specification version 2.0; PEA 1.01 executable implementation; Present documentation is released under GNU GFDL License. PEA executable implementation is released under GNU LGPL License; please note that all units provided by the Author are released under LGPL, while Wolfgang Ehrhardt’s crypto library units used in PEA are released under zlib/libpng License. PEA file format and PCOMPRESS specifications are hereby released under PUBLIC DOMAIN: the Author neither has, nor is aware of, any patents or pending patents relevant to this technology and do not intend to apply for any patents covering it. As far as the Author knows, PEA file format in all of it’s parts is free and unencumbered for all uses. Pea is on PeaZip project official site: https://peazip.github.io , https://peazip.org , and https://peazip.sourceforge.io For more information about the licenses: GNU GFDL License, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.txt GNU LGPL License, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt 1 Content: Section 1: PEA file format ..3 Description ..3 PEA 1.3 file format details ..5 Differences between 1.3 and older revisions ..5 PEA 2.0 file format details ..7 PEA file format’s and implementation’s limitations ..8 PCOMPRESS compression scheme ..9 Algorithms used in PEA format ..9 PEA security model .10 Cryptanalysis of PEA format .12 Data recovery from -
Porting of Micropython to LEON Platforms
Porting of MicroPython to LEON Platforms Damien P. George George Robotics Limited, Cambridge, UK TEC-ED & TEC-SW Final Presentation Days ESTEC, 10th June 2016 George Robotics Limited (UK) I a limited company in the UK, founded in January 2014 I specialising in embedded systems I hardware: design, manufacturing (via 3rd party), sales I software: development and support of MicroPython code D.P. George (George Robotics Ltd) MicroPython on LEON 2/21 Motivation for MicroPython Electronics circuits now pack an enor- mous amount of functionality in a tiny package. Need a way to control all these sophisti- cated devices. Scripting languages enable rapid development. Is it possible to put Python on a microcontroller? Why is it hard? I Very little memory (RAM, ROM) on a microcontroller. D.P. George (George Robotics Ltd) MicroPython on LEON 3/21 Why Python? I High-level language with powerful features (classes, list comprehension, generators, exceptions, . ). I Large existing community. I Very easy to learn, powerful for advanced users: shallow but long learning curve. I Ideal for microcontrollers: native bitwise operations, procedural code, distinction between int and float, robust exceptions. I Lots of opportunities for optimisation (this may sound surprising, but Python is compiled). D.P. George (George Robotics Ltd) MicroPython on LEON 4/21 Why can't we use existing CPython? (or PyPy?) I Integer operations: Integer object (max 30 bits): 4 words (16 bytes) Preallocates 257+5=262 ints −! 4k RAM! Could ROM them, but that's still 4k ROM. And each integer outside the preallocated ones would be another 16 bytes. I Method calls: led.on(): creates a bound-method object, 5 words (20 bytes) led.intensity(1000) −! 36 bytes RAM! I For loops: require heap to allocate a range iterator. -
Platespin Third-Party License Usage and Copyright Information
PlateSpin Third-Party License Usage and Copyright Information This page provides the copyright notices and the links to license information for third-party software used in PlateSpin® Protect, PlateSpin Forge, and PlateSpin Migrate – workload management products from NetIQ® Corporation. Software Used Product Web Page License Type Copyright Notice License URL Antlr http://antlr.org BSD Copyright © 2012 Terence http://antlr.org/ Parr and Sam Harwell. All license.html rights reserved. Castle http:// Apache v2.0 Copyright © 2002-2009 http://www.apache.org/ www.castleproject.org/ original author or authors. licenses/LICENSE- 2.0.html Citrix XenServer SDK http:// LGPL v2 Copyright © 2013 Citrix http://www.gnu.org/ community.citrix.com/ Systems, Inc. All rights licenses/lgpl-2.0.html display/xs/ reserved. Download+SDKs Common C++ http://www.gnu.org/ GPL (runtime exception) Copyright © 1998, 2001, http://www.gnu.org/ software/commoncpp 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, software/ 2006, 2007 Free Software commoncpp#Get_the_So Foundation, Inc. ftware Common.Logging http:// Apache v2.0 Copyright © 2002-2009 http:// netcommon.sourceforge. original author or authors. netcommon.sourceforge. net net/license.html e2fsprogs http://sourceforge.net/ LGPL v2 Copyright © 1993-2008 http://www.gnu.org/ projects/e2fsprogs Theodore Ts'o. licenses/lgpl-2.0.html Infragistics http:// Infragistics License Copyright ©1992-2013 http:// www.infragistics.com Infragistics, Inc., 2 www.infragistics.com/ Commerce Drive, legal/ultimate/license Cranbury, NJ 08512. All rights reserved. Kmod https://www.kernel.org/ LGPL v2.1+ Copyright (C) 2011-2013 http://www.gnu.org/ pub/linux/utils/kernel/ ProFUSION embedded licenses/lgpl-2.1.html kmod/ systems libcurl http://curl.haxx.se libcurl License Copyright © 1996 - 2013, http://curl.haxx.se/docs/ Daniel Stenberg, copyright.html <[email protected]>. -
Goless Documentation Release 0.6.0
goless Documentation Release 0.6.0 Rob Galanakis July 11, 2014 Contents 1 Intro 3 2 Goroutines 5 3 Channels 7 4 The select function 9 5 Exception Handling 11 6 Examples 13 7 Benchmarks 15 8 Backends 17 9 Compatibility Details 19 9.1 PyPy................................................... 19 9.2 Python 2 (CPython)........................................... 19 9.3 Python 3 (CPython)........................................... 19 9.4 Stackless Python............................................. 20 10 goless and the GIL 21 11 References 23 12 Contributing 25 13 Miscellany 27 14 Indices and tables 29 i ii goless Documentation, Release 0.6.0 • Intro • Goroutines • Channels • The select function • Exception Handling • Examples • Benchmarks • Backends • Compatibility Details • goless and the GIL • References • Contributing • Miscellany • Indices and tables Contents 1 goless Documentation, Release 0.6.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Intro The goless library provides Go programming language semantics built on top of gevent, PyPy, or Stackless Python. For an example of what goless can do, here is the Go program at https://gobyexample.com/select reimplemented with goless: c1= goless.chan() c2= goless.chan() def func1(): time.sleep(1) c1.send(’one’) goless.go(func1) def func2(): time.sleep(2) c2.send(’two’) goless.go(func2) for i in range(2): case, val= goless.select([goless.rcase(c1), goless.rcase(c2)]) print(val) It is surely a testament to Go’s style that it isn’t much less Python code than Go code, but I quite like this. Don’t you? 3 goless Documentation, Release 0.6.0 4 Chapter 1. Intro CHAPTER 2 Goroutines The goless.go() function mimics Go’s goroutines by, unsurprisingly, running the routine in a tasklet/greenlet. -
Are Projects Hosted on Sourceforge.Net Representative of the Population of Free/Open Source Software Projects?
Are Projects Hosted on Sourceforge.net Representative of the Population of Free/Open Source Software Projects? Bob English February 5, 2008 Introduction We are researchers studying Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) projects . Because some of our work uses data gathered from Sourceforge.net (SF), a web site that hosts FOSS projects, we consider it important to understand how representative SF is of the entire population of FOSS projects. While SF is probably hosts the greatest number of FOSS projects, there are many other similar hosting sites. In addition, many FOSS projects maintain their own web sites and other project infrastructure on their own servers. Based on performing an Internet search and literature review (see Appendix for search procedures), it appears that no one knows how many Free/Open Source Software Projects exist in the world or how many people are working on them. Because the population of FOSS projects and developers is unknown, it is not surprising that we were not able to find any empirical analysis to assess how representative SF is of this unknown population. Although an extensive empirical analysis has not been performed, many researchers have considered the question or related questions. The next section of this paper reviews some of the FOSS literature that discusses the representativeness of SF. The third section of the paper describes some ideas for empirically exploring the representativeness of SF. The paper closes with some arguments for believing SF is the best choice for those interested in studying the population of FOSS projects. Literature Review In one of the earliest references to the representativeness of SF, Madley, Freeh and Tynan (2002) mention that they assumed that SF was representative because of its popularity and because of the number of projects hosted there, although they note that this assumption “needs to be confirmed” (p. -
Faster Cpython Documentation Release 0.0
Faster CPython Documentation Release 0.0 Victor Stinner January 29, 2016 Contents 1 FAT Python 3 2 Everything in Python is mutable9 3 Optimizations 13 4 Python bytecode 19 5 Python C API 21 6 AST Optimizers 23 7 Old AST Optimizer 25 8 Register-based Virtual Machine for Python 33 9 Read-only Python 39 10 History of Python optimizations 43 11 Misc 45 12 Kill the GIL? 51 13 Implementations of Python 53 14 Benchmarks 55 15 PEP 509: Add a private version to dict 57 16 PEP 510: Specialized functions with guards 59 17 PEP 511: API for AST transformers 61 18 Random notes about PyPy 63 19 Talks 65 20 Links 67 i ii Faster CPython Documentation, Release 0.0 Contents: Contents 1 Faster CPython Documentation, Release 0.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 FAT Python 1.1 Intro The FAT Python project was started by Victor Stinner in October 2015 to try to solve issues of previous attempts of “static optimizers” for Python. The main feature are efficient guards using versionned dictionaries to check if something was modified. Guards are used to decide if the specialized bytecode of a function can be used or not. Python FAT is expected to be FAT... maybe FAST if we are lucky. FAT because it will use two versions of some functions where one version is specialised to specific argument types, a specific environment, optimized when builtins are not mocked, etc. See the fatoptimizer documentation which is the main part of FAT Python. The FAT Python project is made of multiple parts: 3 Faster CPython Documentation, Release 0.0 • The fatoptimizer project is the static optimizer for Python 3.6 using function specialization with guards.