DOCSLIB.ORG

African Union in Mediation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation KRUSCHEN GOVENDER|Rapporteur with YVETTE NGANDU 1 Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the A report based on a seminar organised by the African Union (AU) Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 15 – 16 October 2009 ACCORD The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) is a non- governmental institute working throughout Africa to bring creative solutions to the challenges posed by conflict on the continent. ACCORD’s primary aim is to influence political developments by bringing conflict resolution, dialogue and institutional development to the forefront as an alternative to armed violence and protracted conflict. Acknowledgements A generous contribution by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland made the seminar organised by the African Union Commission (AUC) on 15 and 16 October 2009, and this report, possible. Additional support from the Swedish International Development Co- operation Agency (Sida) to ACCORD’s Knowledge Production Department (KPD) also assisted in the writing, editing and production of this report. The Rapporteurs Kruschen Govender is a freelance researcher working in collaboration with the Knowledge Production Department (KPD) at ACCORD. He holds an M.A. in Development Studies from the School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). Yvette Ngandu, who contributed to this report, is currently the Coordinator of the UN- AU-RECs cooperation project in mediation, and of the Secretariat of the Panel of the Wise, with the African Union Commission’s Peace and Security Directorate. She holds an M.A. in Public Administration and International Relations from Bowling Green State University, in Ohio. She has previously been a Senior Programme Officer with the New York-based International Peace Institute (IPI). Disclaimer Views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of ACCORD, the African Union (AU), the African Union Commission (AUC), regional economic communities (RECs), organisations involved in enhancing the AU’s mediation capacity or the funders of the seminar and report. While every attempt was made to ensure that the information published here is accurate, no responsibility is accepted for any loss or damage that may arise out of the reliance of any person upon any of the information this report contains. Copyright © 2010 ACCORD This document may be downloaded at no charge from the ACCORD website: www.accord.org.za. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ACCORD, Private Bag X018, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, Durban, South Africa www.accord.org.za Editor: Angela Ndinga-Muvumba Language Editor: Ed Katz Printer: Pro-Print, South Africa Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 7 Background and Context 9 Defining International Peace Mediation 13 Developing a Strategic Approach to AU Mediation 17 Mediation Relationships between the AU, RECs and Partners 21 The role of Women in Mediation 27 Sharing Experiences from Mediation Processes in Africa 31 CONCLUSION 37 Bibliography 38 ANNEX I: List of Abbreviations 41 ANNEX II: Agenda 43 ANNEX III: List of Participants 47 ANNEX IV: Opening Remarks 51 Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation Executive Summary Armed conflict is one of the greatest threats to Africa’s development. Today, many African countries are in the throes of civil conflict, several more face a heightened risk of experiencing armed violence, while others are recently emerging from protracted wars. The challenges ahead are sobering. The African Union (AU) organised a seminar entitled ‘Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation’, which was held at the Commission of the African Union, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 15 and 16 October 2009. The seminar was the culmination of a series of consultations launched in late 2008, Executive summary in collaboration with the United Nations (UN) and other stakeholders, to reflect on lessons learned from mediation experiences in Africa. The Addis Ababa seminar brought together policymakers, mediation experts and civil society actors to develop a more strategic approach in enhancing the AU’s mediation capacity. In so doing the participants addressed the following themes: • Improving the AU’s performance in mediation • Consolidating and integrating the approaches of the AU and the RECs in mediation • Discussing collaboration with partners including the UN. Collaboration between African and international actors is critical for strengthening the AU’s role in conflict prevention and mediation in Africa. International mediation is a long-term process, thus it is necessary for relationships between external and internal actors to be one of equitable partnership, synergy and complementarity. There are a plethora of strategic challenges relating to international peace mediation in deep-rooted conflict. Arguably, it is not possible for the AU to design a generic ‘mediation strategy’. Mediation practice should be highly flexible, utilising various strategies and responses to the circumstances of each case. Nonetheless, it is possible for the AU to define and adopt a ‘strategic approach to mediation’ – which is based on the principles of the organisation, the experience of peacemaking on the continent and the goal of forging sustainable peace agreements. The key discussion themes were underpinned by the working paper, ‘Plan of Action to build the AU’s Mediation Capacity,’ prepared by Dr. Laurie Nathan. Most of the working paper themes were mentioned and some critically debated by participants at the Addis Ababa seminar. Different views were expressed, but in general participants affirmed many of Dr. Nathan’s recommendations. A common thread throughout the two-day seminar was the nature of mediation relationships between the AU, UN and RECs – more specifically the sensitive question regarding ‘who takes the lead in mediation?’ In addition, other pertinent themes were raised, such as the importance of promoting gender equality and mainstreaming gender in the AU’s mediation framework. Therefore, the ‘role of women in mediation’ and ‘mediation relationships between the AU, RECs and partners’ will be explored further in this report. The outcomes of the seminar were intended to initiate 4 Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation the strengthening of the AU Commission’s Peace and Security Department (PSD) by discussing lessons learned and best practice and by catalysing the process of defining a strategic approach to mediation. The AU and UN are undertaking the first Triennial Review of the 10 Year Capacity-Building programme for the AU. The outcomes of the Addis Ababa seminar should be used to inform the review. This report provides a succinct contextual framework to capture the essence of the discussions and subsequent recommendations presented at the seminar. In many respects, this report is a follow up to ACCORD’s 2009 research report ‘Mediating Peace in Africa: Securing Conflict Prevention’, which captures the issues discussed at a seminar held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 4 March 2009. The meeting in March was also organised by ACCORD and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, with the participation of the AU. This second report although focused on the October 2009 seminar, therefore also includes excerpts from ‘Mediating Peace in Africa: Securing Conflict Prevention’, as well as widely referencing Dr. Nathan’s working paper. 5 Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation 6 Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation Introduction The African Union (AU) organised a seminar entitled ‘Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation’, which was held at the AU Headquarters, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 15 and 16 October 2009. The seminar was the culmination of a series of consultations launched in late 2008, in collaboration with the United Nations (UN) and other stakeholders, to reflect on Introduction lessons learned from mediation experiences in Africa. In the prevailing volatile global economic climate, Africa’s development agenda is in addition arrested by widespread peace and security concerns. A high incidence of violent conflict has imposed a heavy toll in terms of human suffering and lost development opportunities in Africa. Today, many African countries continue to face a heightened risk of experiencing armed violence, while others are emerging from protracted conflicts. The challenges ahead are sobering. Mediation is an integral component of peacemaking and has the potential to be instrumental in preventing, managing and ending conflicts. Thus, as Africa enters a new era of conflict resolution and peacebuilding, it is imperative for the AU in collaboration and coordination with strategic partners – namely the regional economic communities (RECs), the UN and the European Union (EU) – to develop specialist expertise and a systematic mediation practice. Mechanisms and processes for mediation at the AU need to be defined, institutionalised and consolidated. It is critical to conduct research and analysis on the strategic challenges that arise when mediating in deep-rooted African
Recommended publications
  • Protection of Civilians in African Peace Missions

    Protection of Civilians in African Peace Missions

    Protection of civilians in African peace missions The case of the African Union Mission in Sudan, Darfur Peter Kagwanja and Patrick Mutahi ISS Paper 139 • May 2007 Price: R15.00 Introduction by war. The legitimacy and viability of the proposed mission will largely depend on a comprehensive peace The war that broke out in the Western Sudan agreement between Chad and the rebels fighting the region of Darfur in February 2003 has thrown Deby government, as well as a tacit approval of the into the international spotlight the challenges of deployment by the governments of Chad and the protecting Darfur’s 4 million people now trapped Central African Republic, and probably political buy-in in the complex emergency. Four years on, a mix by the AU. With 18 missions across the globe, excluding of attacks by government forces, state-sponsored the proposed Darfur mission, analysts are pointing to militias, Darfur rebels, diseases and malnutrition have a serious problem of over-stretch confronting the killed an estimated 200 000 to 400 000 people, UN. Some member states are now calling on the while 2.5 million others have been forced to flee UN to consider seriously deepening peacekeeping their homes, either as internally displaced persons partnerships with regional organisations such as the (IDPs) in camps strewn across Darfur or AU by availing resources to enable them as refugees in Chad. The neighbouring to carry out the responsibility to protect Chad and the Central African Republic civilians in their region. have also become sucked into the The challenge depths of this regionalised conflict, of protecting In the meantime, insecurity in Darfur is which has metamorphosed into one of civilians in Darfur getting out of hand; forcing humanitarian Africa’s deadliest humanitarian crisis.
  • Financing the African Union – on Mindsets and Money

    Financing the African Union – on Mindsets and Money

    ecdpm’s Making policies work DISCUSSION PAPER No. 240 Financing the African Union on mindsets and money Political Economy Dynamics of Regional Organisations in africa PEDRO By Kesa Pharatlhatlhe and Jan Vanheukelom February 2019 Summary With 55 member countries, an elaborate institutional architecture, a broad policy agenda, and a high dependency rate on its former colonisers and main donors, the African Union (AU) is probably the world’s largest and most complex regional partnership configuration. Until 2017, repeated efforts at reducing dependency on foreign funding and increasing the yearly contributions from the member states of the AU had largely failed. Unpredictability and unreliability of funding by both African member states and by external funders led to wider management and staffing challenges. Due to a financial crisis of the AU around 2016, a renewed and joint push at different levels of the AU resulted in hands-on institutional reforms, piloted by Rwanda’s charismatic President Paul Kagame. This paper analyses the margins of manoeuvre for reformers and their external supporters to resolve money and governance matters within the wider context of institutional reforms of the AU. It has introduced a levy on eligible imported goods into the continent and has established systems to instill more discipline in planning, monitoring and implementing of budgets. A handful of donors are doing some soul searching as past promises to harmonise aid and align it with priorities and management systems of the AU have not effectively reduced the unintended burden of their fragmented, earmarked and overly ambitious support. Clearly, this paper is about money, and about the difficulties of financing the African Union.
  • Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation

    Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation

    Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation Kruschen Govender| r apporteur with Yvette nGandu 1 MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF FINLAND Towards Enhancing the Capacity of the African Union in Mediation A report based on a seminar organised by the African Union (AU) Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 15 – 16 October 2009 MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF FINLAND ACCORD The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) is a non- governmental institute working throughout Africa to bring creative solutions to the challenges posed by conflict on the continent. ACCORD’s primary aim is to influence political developments by bringing conflict resolution, dialogue and institutional development to the forefront as an alternative to armed violence and protracted conflict. Acknowledgements A generous contribution by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland made the seminar organised by the African Union Commission (AUC) on 15 and 16 October 2009, and this report, possible. Additional support from the Swedish International Development Co- operation Agency (Sida) to ACCORD’s Knowledge Production Department (KPD) also assisted in the writing, editing and production of this report. The Rapporteurs Kruschen Govender is a freelance researcher working in collaboration with the Knowledge Production Department (KPD) at ACCORD. He holds an M.A. in Development Studies from the School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). Yvette Ngandu, who contributed to this report, is currently the Coordinator of the UN- AU-RECs cooperation project in mediation, and of the Secretariat of the Panel of the Wise, with the African Union Commission’s Peace and Security Directorate.
  • Africa Update

    Africa Update

    ML Strategies Update David Leiter, [email protected] ML Strategies, LLC Georgette Spanjich, [email protected] 701 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Sarah Mamula, [email protected] Washington, DC 20004 USA 202 296 3622 202 434 7400 fax FOLLOW US ON TWITTER: @MLStrategies www.mlstrategies.com SEPTEMBER 18, 2014 Africa Update Leading the News West Africa Ebola Outbreak On September 10th, the United Nations (U.N.) World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of Ebola cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had doubled over the past week to total 62 cases. Thirty-five of the patients infected with Ebola have died, including seven health care workers. The Ebola outbreak in the DRC is separate from the worsening Ebola crisis in West Africa. All of the cases in the DRC are localized in Jeera country and can all be traced to one initial case that was reported on August 26th. The new statistics for the Ebola outbreak in the DRC were posted here. On September 11th, Liberian Finance Minister Amara Konneh held a press conference on the impacts of the Ebola outbreak in Liberia, warning that the country is at war with an enemy that it cannot see. Minister Konneh’s remarks echo those delivered last week by Liberian Defense Minister Brownie Samukai, who cautioned that the Ebola crisis poses a serious threat to Liberia’s national existence. Both ministers reported that the epidemic has disrupted the country’s ability to function normally and put further strains on Liberia’s already weak health care infrastructure. Excerpts from both press conferences were highlighted here.
  • Improving Human Security in Africa

    Improving Human Security in Africa

    Improving human security in Africa ISS ANNUAL REVIEW 2013 Contents Vision and mission ........................................................................................... 1 Trustees’ letter ................................................................................................. 2 Message from the President of the International Advisory Council .................... 3 What is human security? ................................................................................. 4 The ISS at work in Africa ................................................................................ 14 Conflict prevention and risk analysis .............................................................. 16 Governance, crime and justice ...................................................................... 20 Transnational threats and international crime.................................................. 24 Conflict management and peacebuilding ....................................................... 30 African Futures project ................................................................................... 34 African Centre for Peace and Security Training ............................................... 36 Good governance at the ISS ......................................................................... 38 Financial statements 2013 ............................................................................. 42 Cover Picture: Africa Media Online/ George Philipas The vision of the ISS is a peaceful and prosperous Africa for all its people. The
  • AJCR Volume 11, No.2, 2011

    AJCR Volume 11, No.2, 2011

    African Journal on Conflict Resolution Volume 11, Number 2, 2011 The African Journal on Conflict Resolution is a biannual peer-reviewed journal published by the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) for the multidisciplinary subject field of conflict resolution. It appears on the list of journals accredited by the South African Department of Education. ACCORD is a non-governmental, non-aligned conflict resolution organisation based in Durban, South Africa. ACCORD is constituted as an education trust. The journal seeks to publish articles and book reviews on subjects relating to conflict, its management and resolution, as well as peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding in Africa. It aims to be a conduit between theory and practice. Views expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of ACCORD. While every attempt is made to ensure that the information published here is accurate, no responsibility is accepted for any loss or damage that may arise out of the reliance of any person upon any of the information this journal contains. Copyright © 2011 ACCORD ISSN 1562-6997 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Articles and book reviews may be submitted by e-mail, as Microsoft Word attachments, to the Managing Editor of the journal at [email protected], with a copy to [email protected].
  • Early Recovery Plan

    Early Recovery Plan

    UNION OF COMOROS COMOROS FLOODING 2012 Early Recovery Plan Moroni, August 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 3 FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 STATEMENT BY H.E. DR IKILILOU DHOININE, PRESIDENT OF THE UNION OF COMOROS .......................................................... 4 FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 STATEMENT BY MR DOUGLAS CASSON COUTTS, UNITED NATIONS RESIDENT COORDINATOR .................................................. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................... 7 BASIC HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS FOR THE UNION OF COMOROS ................................. 8 TABLE I. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS – BY SECTOR.......................................................................................... 8 TABLE II. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS – BY UN ORGANIZATION.......................................................................... 9 1. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES .....................................................................................
  • Africa's Role in Nation-Building: an Examination of African-Led Peace

    Africa's Role in Nation-Building: an Examination of African-Led Peace

    AFRICA’S ROLE IN NATION-BUILDING An Examination of African-Led Peace Operations James Dobbins, James Pumzile Machakaire, Andrew Radin, Stephanie Pezard, Jonathan S. Blake, Laura Bosco, Nathan Chandler, Wandile Langa, Charles Nyuykonge, Kitenge Fabrice Tunda C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2978 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0264-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: U.S. Air Force photo/ Staff Sgt. Ryan Crane; Feisal Omar/REUTERS. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Since the turn of the century, the African Union (AU) and subregional organizations in Africa have taken on increasing responsibilities for peace operations throughout that continent.
  • The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations

    The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations

    The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs Tomas F. Husted Research Assistant December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44713 The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations Summary U.S. relations with the African Union (AU), an intergovernmental organization to which all African countries except Morocco belong, have strengthened over the past decade. U.S.-AU cooperation has traditionally focused on peace operations and conflict prevention and mitigation. U.S. aid for AU democracy-strengthening initiatives is another key focus of engagement. Other areas of cooperation include economic development, health, governance, peace and security capacity building, and criminal justice. Direct U.S. aid to the AU Commission (AUC, the organization’s secretariat), which oversees AU program activity, is moderate; most U.S. aid in support of AU goals is provided on a bilateral basis or sub-regional basis. Consequently, such aid may not always be accounted for in analyses of U.S. support for the AU. President George W. Bush formally recognized the AU as an international organization in 2005, and a U.S. mission to the AU was established in 2006, making the United States the first non- African country to have an accredited diplomatic mission to the AU. In 2007, the first AU ambassador to the United States was accredited. In 2010, an agreement on U.S. aid for the AU was signed and in 2013, the AU and the United States established annual partnership dialogues and extended the 2010 aid agreement.
  • Technical Secretariat

    Technical Secretariat

    OPCW Technical Secretariat External Relations Division S/482/2005 17 March 2005 ENGLISH only NOTE BY THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT COMMUNIQUÉ BY SUDAN 1. The Permanent Representation of the Sudan to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, on behalf of the African Group, has requested the Technical Secretariat to bring to the attention of Member States the conclusions and recommendations of the Workshop on the Chemical Weapons Convention, held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 20 to 22 April 2004. 2. The aforementioned conclusions and recommendations are annexed hereto. Annex: Conclusions and Recommendations of the Workshop on the Chemical Weapons Convention, held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 20 to 22 April 2004 CS-2005-4287(E) distributed 17/03/2005 *CS-2005-4287.E* S/482/2005 Annex page 2 Annex Conclusions and Recommendations of the Workshop on the Chemical Weapons Convention Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 20 – 22 April 2004 1. To promote universal adherence to and full implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in the African Continent, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), in collaboration with the Government of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia and the Commission of the African Union, organised the above-mentioned Workshop, attended by the following countries and regional and international Organisations: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, France, Gambia, Ghana, Iran, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Zimbabwe, European Union Council Secretariat, League of Arab States, and UNHCR.
  • The African Union's Journey to Expo 2020 Dubai Nairobi, Kenya

    The African Union's Journey to Expo 2020 Dubai Nairobi, Kenya

    AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃOAFRICANA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia P. O. Box 3243 Telephone: +251 11 551 7700 / +251 11 518 25 58/ Ext 2558 Website: www.au.int DIRECTORATE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION The African Union’s Journey to Expo 2020 Dubai Nairobi, Kenya: 2nd November, 2019: “Africa is undergoing a dynamic socio- economic and political transformation. There is a lot happening on the continent but the world is yet to hear all about it. It is time to take charge of Africa’s narrative and reclaim its rightful place at the global arena”. Dr. Madueke, Levi Uche, Head of the African Union (AU) Strategic Partnerships Office & Commissioner General for AU’s participation at Expo 2020 Dubai, articulated in his opening remarks at the 3rd Annual Conference of the African Union Interactive Platform for Partnerships Coordination (AU-IPPC) organized to project the African Union participation at the upcoming Expo 2020 Dubai. “The African Union has been designated as a key partner and stakeholder by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Government, which has graciously offered a pavilion to the AU as well as committed to a strong spirit of collaboration and co-creation during every step leading to Expo 2020,” indicated Dr. Madueke. He further highlighted that “the AU Pavilion provides an opportunity for the world to understand AU’s institutional history, continental development and represents a platform for Africa to tell her story to the world.” “We will tell the world about how safe it is to do business in Africa with guaranteed return on investment. We will tell the world about the assets and opportunities that exist in Africa.
  • Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus

    Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus

    Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus DECEMBER 2011 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: UN Secretary-General ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ban Ki-moon (left) is received by Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of IPI owes a debt of thanks to its many donors, whose Côte d'Ivoire, at Yamoussoukro support makes publications like this one possible. In partic - airport. May 21, 2011. © UN ular, IPI would like to thank the governments of Finland, Photo/Basile Zoma. Norway, and Sweden for their generous contributions to The views expressed in this paper IPI's Coping with Crisis Program. Also, IPI would like to represent those of the authors and thank the Mediation Support Unit of the UN Department of not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Political Affairs for giving it the opportunity to contribute welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit to the process that led up to the Secretary-General's report of a well-informed debate on critical on preventive diplomacy. policies and issues in international affairs. IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor and Senior Fellow Marie O’Reilly, Publications Officer Suggested Citation: Francesco Mancini, ed., “Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus,” New York: International Peace Institute, December 2011. © by International Peace Institute, 2011 All Rights Reserved www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Francesco Mancini Preventive Diplomacy in Africa: Adapting to New Realities . 4 Fabienne Hara Optimizing Preventive-Diplomacy Tools: A Latin American Perspective . 15 Sandra Borda Preventive Diplomacy in Southeast Asia: Redefining the ASEAN Way . 28 Jim Della-Giacoma Preventive Diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula: What Role for the United Nations? . 35 Leon V.