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Agrobiodiversity in Southeast Europe - Assessment and Policy Recommendations

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Agrobiodiversity in Southeast Europe - Assessment and Policy Recommendations Agrobiodiversity in Southeast Europe - Assessment and Policy Recommendations REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORT AGROBIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE - ASSESSMENT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Rural development through Integrated Forest and Water Resources Management in Southeast Europe (LEIWW) Antonie Grubisic 5, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group in SEE (SWG) Blvd. Goce Delcev 18, MRTV Building, 12th Floor, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia The analyses, conclusions and recommendations in this paper represent the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily representative of the position of the Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group in SEE (SWG) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Authors: Mr. Hugo Rivera, PhD; Mr. Helmut Gaugitsch, PhD; Mr. Andreas Bartel, PhD; Mr. Stefan Schindler, PhD Edited by: Ms. Sonja Ivanovska, PhD; Mr. Sreten Andonov, PhD; Ms. Irena Djimrevska, PhD; Mr. Benjamin Mohr; Mr. Sokrat Jani, PhD; Mr. Kristaq Kume, PhD; Ms. Gordana Duric, PhD; Ms. Dragojla Golub PhD; Ms. Pakeza Drkenda, PhD; Mr. Ervin Zecevic, PhD; Mr. Shukri Fetahu, PhD; Mr. Arban Hoxha, MSc; Mr. Zoran Jovovic, PhD; Ms. Bozidarka Markovic, PhD; Ms. Zora Dajic Stevanovic, PhD; Ms. Suzana Djordjevic Milosevic, PhD Language proofreading: Mr. Jason Brown and Ms. Jana Vasilevska Design: Mr. Filip Filipovic Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the National and University Library “St. Clement of Ohrid” – Macedonia CIP - Каталогизација во публикација Национална и универзитетска библиотека "Св. Климент Охридски", Скопје 338.43(4-12)(047) AGROBIODIVERSITY in Southeast Europe - assessment and policy recommendations - regional synthesis report / [authors Hugo Rivera ... и др.]. - Skopje : GIZ, 2018. - 77 стр. : илустр. ; 30 см Автори: Hugo Rivera, Helmut Gaugitsch, Andreas Bartel, Stefan Schindler. - Содржи и: Annex ISBN 978-608-4536-21-5 1. Rivera, Hugo [автор] 2. Gaugitsch, Helmut [автор] 3. Bartel, Andreas [автор] 4. Schindler, Stefan [автор] а) Аграрна политика - Југоисточна европа - Извештаи COBISS.MK-ID 107785226 REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORT 1 AGROBIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE - ASSESSMENT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................10 2. BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................13 3. METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE REGIONAL SYNTHESIS..............................24 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT..................25 4.1. Geographical and political context......................................................................................25 4.2. Agricultural production: Comparative overview of the agricultural sector...........................26 4.3. Institutional and administrative setup..................................................................................26 4.4. Non-governmental sector setup..........................................................................................27 4.5. Legal and strategic framework............................................................................................29 4.6. Foreign donor support.........................................................................................................37 5. GENETIC RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE.....................................................................41 5.1. Overview of the status of genetic resources in agriculture..................................................41 5.1.1. Plant genetic resources.............................................................................................41 5.1.2. Animal genetic resources..........................................................................................44 5.2. Conservation efforts of genetic resources...........................................................................46 5.2.1. Plant genetic resources.............................................................................................46 5.2.2. Animal genetic resources..........................................................................................48 6. STATUS OF PUBLIC AWARENESS.....................................................................................51 7. KEY FACTORS PLAYING A ROLE IN AGROBIODIVERSITY.....................................54 7.1. Factors playing a role in endangerment and extinction of genetic resources in agriculture........................................................................................................54 7.1.1. Plant genetic resources.............................................................................................54 7.1.2. Animal genetic resources..........................................................................................55 7.2. Positive factors on the use of genetic resources in agriculture...........................................55 8. GAPS IN LEGISLATION AND POLICY.............................................................................57 9. POLICY AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ACTIONS..............................................................................................................69 9.1. Recommendations for creation and upgrade of policy and legislation...............................71 9.2. Recommendations for improvement of institutional capacities..........................................72 9.3. Recommendations for improvement of agrobiodiversity conservation...............................73 9.4. Recommendations for improvement of scientific and public awareness............................75 9.5. Recommendations for further enabling actions to increase demand for products ............76 9.6. Recommendations for improvement of regional cooperation.............................................77 2 REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORT AGROBIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE - ASSESSMENT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABS Nagoya Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Protocol Sharing of Benefits ABS Acess and Benefit Sharing AECMs Agro-Environmental and Climate Measures AEGIS European Genebank Integrated System BPSP Biodiversity Planning Support Programme CABRA Conservation of Agrobiodiversity in Rural Areas of Albania CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CGRFA UN FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture COP Conference of the Parties COSIRA Competitiveness of the Priovate Sector in Rural Areas in Kosovo* DEC Department for Environmental Conservation EAAP European Federation of Animal Science ECPGR The European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources ERFP European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources EUGENA European Genebank Network for Animal Genetic Resources EURISCO European Search Catalogue FASF Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Food FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environmental Facility IGRUNIBL Institute of Genetic Resources of the University of Banja Luka IPA Instrument for Pre Accession Assistance IPARD Instrument for Pre Accession Assistance for Rural Development IPGR Institute of Plant Genetic Resources ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MAFWE Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy MoU Memorandum of Understanding NPI Net Positive Impact PDO Protected Designation of Origin PGI Protected Geographical Indication RDP Rural Development Policy SBSTTA Subsidary Body on Scienfific, Technical and Technological Advice REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORT 3 AGROBIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE - ASSESSMENT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS SEE South-East Europe SGDs Sustainable Developemnr Goals SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SPAs Special Protection Areas TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity TIKA Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency ULO Ultra-Low Oxygen UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UPOV Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 4 REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORT AGROBIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE - ASSESSMENT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS GLOSSARY Accession number means a unique identifier that is assigned by the curator when an accession is entered into a gene bank. This identifier should never be assigned to another accession. Accession means a distinct, uniquely identifiable sample of seeds representing a cultivar, breeding line or a population, which is maintained in storage for conservation and use. Agroecological zone means a geographical area with similar characteristics in terms of climate, landform and soils, and/or land cover, and having a specific range of potentials and constraints for land use. Agroecological intensificationmeans by which farmers can simultaneously increase yields and reduce or reverse negative environmental impacts, through the use of biodiversity-based approaches and the production and mobilization of ecosystem services. Agroecology means the application of ecological concepts and principles that integrate biological and ecological processes into food production, minimizing the use of non-renewable inputs that harm the environment. Agroforestry means a production system in which trees are integrated with crops,
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