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Barrage on Penganga River Interstate Irrigation Project, Adilabad District of Telangana

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Barrage on Penganga River Interstate Irrigation Project, Adilabad District of Telangana Bio-Diversity Plan prepared for Channaka-Korata (Rudha) Barrage on Penganga River Interstate Irrigation Project Adilabad district of Telangana 1.0 Background of the Project Irrigation is a vital component of agricultural production in many developing countries. In 1997-99, irrigated land contributed two-fifths of crop production in developing countries, but accounted only for about one-fifth of the cultivated area. The divergence in these statistics reflects the high crop yields and multiple cropping that are achieved through irrigation. Developing countries are particularly dependent on irrigation for their productivity in agriculture sector. India is blessed with a rich and vast diversity of natural resources, water being one of them. The rainfall is scanty and undependable in many parts of our country. ometimes the monsoon delayed considerably while sometimes they cease prematurely. This will enhance the uncertainty in the agricultural production. ince 80% of the annual rainfall is received in less than four months, multiple cropping is generally not possible. This pushes large areas of the country into drought conditions particularly in non-monsoon seasons. Hence there is a greater need for Governments to supply drinking and cultivable waters to the population uniformly throughout the year on priority basis. High production rates in agriculture are essential to the economic development and welfare of the people of the country. Agricultural productivity is primarily dependable on available irrigation infrastructural facilities of the region. Hence, the food grain production is unthinkable without proper utili(ation of water resources of the region. 1 Figure 1.1: Inde) Map showing project components and its surroundings 2.0 Methodology adopted for Flora and Fauna Assessment A list of all macroscopic plants is prepared based on e)tensive field survey covering the entire project site or core area. If any species cannot be identified, photos of the plant and plant parts are taken and a field note is prepared on the plant for 2 subsequent identification. ,uantitative data on frequency, density, dominance as percent cover etc are noted based on quadrats of 10 ) 10 m in case of trees, 2 ) . m in case of shrubs and 1 ) 1 m in case of herbs. Cover is usually estimated by a modified line intercept method where the area occupied by each species is estimated as percentage of total length of a line transect either intercepted or over lain or under laid along with the transect. Data from field study is recorded in the following Table 0ist of plant species found in the 1roject area 2ame of plant 0ocal name or common 5amily species name 3if any4 5requency, density and dominance of different species of plants 3separate Table for each quadrat and transect will be maintained4 2ame of plant species 5requency 3recorded as 6 Density as % cover based on or 7 only4 number per line transects quadrat 8elative frequency 38.54, relative density 38.D4, relative dominance 38.dom4 and Importance value indices 3I9I4 of different species 2ame of plant species 5requency Density Dominance I9I % 8.5 % 8.D % 8.Dom :ased on the I9I values, hannon 7Wiener Indices of Diversity was calculated. hannon 7 Wiener Indices of Diversity was calculated as the sum of p i value of each species multiplied by ln of p i using the following equation: Where, p i is calculated by dividing the I9I of a species by the total I9I of all species in the sampled community. 3 2.1 Field Report on Flora in the .tudy Area The forests present within the 10 km radius of the projects are Arli reserved forest, Tansi reserved forest and Tipeshwar reserved forest. The forest are classified as dry deciduous forest as per Champion and eth 319684 and the region is fall in hot arid climatic (one. The flora and fauna were studied in the given reason with respect to terrestrial, aquatic and avian aspects for forest and non-forest areas. 2.1.1. Details of flora in forest region ,uadrant studies are done to know the flora present the forest area. A total of 7 quadrats of si(e 20 m ) 20 m were laid at different locations of the forest area of the project. The details of the 7 quadrats laid and the species identified are as follows: /uadrat 1 Classification as per ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family I2C0 redbook 1 :utea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tectona grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 Acacia nilotica :abool 5abaceae 2ot assessed 4 A(adiracta Indica 9epa Meliaceae 2ot assessed . Casia fistula 8ela Caesalpinaceae 2ot assessed /uadrat 2 Classification as per ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family I2C0 redbook 1 :utea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tectona grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 Acacia nilotica :abool 5abaceae 2ot assessed 4 1ongamia pinneta Ganuga 5abaceae 0east concern . Amblica oficinalis Bsiri 1hyllanthaceae 2ot assessed /uadrat 3 Classification as per ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family I2C0 redbook 4 1 :utea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tectona grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 A(adiracta Indica 9epa Meliaceae 2ot assessed 4 Acacia nilotica :abool 5abaceae 2ot assessed . 5icus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed 6 1ongamia pinneta Ganuga 5abaceae 0east concern 7 Cassia fistula 8ela Caesalpinaceae 2ot assessed /uadrat 4 Classification as per ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family I2C0 redbook 1 :utea Monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tectona Grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 5icus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed 4 Acacia nilotica :abool 5abaceae 2ot assessed . Amblica aficinalis Bsiri 1hyllanthaceae 2ot assessed 6 1ongamia pinneta Ganuga 5abaceae 0east concern /uadrat 5 Classification as per ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family I2C0 redbook 1 A(adiracta Indica 9epa Meliaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tectona grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 Acacia nilotica :abool 5abaceae 2ot assessed 4 :utea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed . 1ongamia 1inneta Ganuga 5abaceae 0east concern /uadrat 6 Classification as per ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family I2C0 redbook 1 :utea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tectona grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 Acacia leucocephala ubabul Mimosaceae 2ot assessed 5 4 5icus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed . Amblica Aficinalis Bsiri 1hyllanthaceae 2ot assessed 6 Casia fistula 8ela Caesalpinaceae 2ot assessed /uadrat 7 Classification as ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family per I2C0 redbook 1 Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae Data deficient 2 Tectona grandis Teak 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 3 1ongamia pinneta Ganuga 5abaceae 0east concern 4 A(adiracta Indica 9epa Meliaceae 2ot assessed . :utea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 6 Casia fistula 8ela Caesalpinaceae 2ot assessed The vegetation analysis based on the samples in the forest area of the project is placed in the following table. :ased on the analysis conducted on the available data it is noted that Tectona grandis tree is dominant in the forest area of the project. Bsing the formula, the hannon Weiner inde) value was calculated, and it is 1.92 and the evenness of the species is 0.83. These values depict low biodiversity levels at the project site with less value of species evenness. 6 Figure.2.1: .urvey of flora in the forest area The vegetation analysis based on the samples in the forest area of the project is placed in the following table. :ased on the analysis conducted on the available data it is noted that Tectona grandis tree is dominant in the forest area of the project. Bsing the formula, the hannon Weiner inde) value was calculated, and it is 1.92 and the evenness of the species is 0.83. These values depict low biodiversity levels at the project site with less value of species evenness. 2.1.2. Details of flora in non-forest region ,uadrant studies are done to know the flora present the non - forest area. A total of 7 8 quadrats of si(e 10 m ) 10 m were laid at different locations of the non-forest area of the project. The details of the 8 quadrats laid and the species identified are as follows: /uadrat 1: 0ear to Korata 8illage Classification as ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family per I2C0 redbook 1 Butea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Tamarindus indica Chinta 5abaceae 2ot assessed 3 Azadirachta indica 9epa Meliaceae 2ot assessed 4 Acacia arabica Tumma Mimosaceae 2ot assessed . Aegle marmelous Maredu 8utaceae 2ot assessed 6 Tectona grandis Teku 9erbenaceae 2ot assessed 7 Prosopis juliflora arcar tumma Mimosaceae 2ot assessed 8 Ficus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed /uadrat 2: 0ear to Eviri 8illage Classification as ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family per I2C0 redbook 1 Tamarindus indica Chinta 5abaceae 2ot assessed 2 Ficus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed 3 Azadirachta indica 9epa Meliaceae 2ot assessed 4 Tectona grandis Teku 0amiaceae 2ot assessed . Butea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 6 Ficus racemosa Medi Moraceae 2ot assessed 7 Zizyphus jujube 8egu 8hamnaceae 2ot assessed 8 Argemone mexicana :ala rakkasi 1apavaraceae 2ot assessed 9 Cassia auriculata Tangedu 5abaceae 2ot assessed /uadrat 3: 0ear to Chanaka 8illage ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family Classification as per I2C0 redbook 1 Ficus bengalensis Marri Moraceae 2ot assessed 8 2 Tamarindus indica Chinta 5abaceae 2ot assessed 3 Carissa 9aaka Apocyanaceae 2ot assessed 4 Neriunm oleander Ganneru Apocyanaceae 2ot assessed . Ficus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed 6 ossypium herbaceum 1atti Malvaceae 2ot assessed 7 Casuarina equisetifolia arugudu Casuarinaceae 2ot assessed 8 Butea monosperma Moduga 5abaceae 2ot assessed 9 Delonex regia Turayi 5abaceae 0east concern /uadrat 4: 0ear to Akoli 8illage ..0o 0ame of the plant 1ocal name Family Classification as per I2C0 redbook 1 Acacia arabica Tumma Mimosaceae 2ot assessed 2 Prosopis juliflora arcar tumma Mimosaceae 2ot assessed 3 Ficus religiosa 8aavi Moraceae 2ot assessed 4 Tectona grandis Teku 0amiaceae 2ot assessed .
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