Jnrj6:R !)Rovigiol]S O! Stfo Law, Tills Leport {.; a Pu!.Qi,: 'I'..,':'LTL'i!T a Copy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Jnrj6:R !)Rovigiol]S O! Stfo Law, Tills Leport {.; a Pu!.Qi,: 'I'..,':'LTL'i!T a Copy GENEEAL PURPOSE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AS WOFIT A}[ NSDU IPFNODPREL EMTHNEDN TYAEL AR]IN UEDFNIODTRMEDA STIEROPN TSEOCMRBTHSE DRU 3L0E, S1 96 jnrJ6:r !)rovigOl]S o! St~fO law, tils tclr.~oecpt yor:',;t )[t {.~h;e a:7~ pL,:"u~!;: .qti'h,:." :~'t i.,:~' .,'~L;:T,t '~L:b, ;i!'~tv(.;sd:bA, I:.ub:i~: i~;t.r~;<.[~;,~ .'. !', ~.;l:jzt,J~l otRf[ric uea,.g n~od, '.~[ftwih':eu,. :([-,;~ i'~,:Ls;o.' l,~c{o~,.le:id,-.kai to],f .'~c;tAo 'ut;drht ei- WILIAM DANIEL MCASK]L , CPA A ~rMoAEeMUsE23ioVI]nL3 aEA, KcLOESoUH~unIS{tAEinNDRg IVC70Eor4 p8r ation TABLE OF CONTENTS EIXNBDIEBPIETNSD EN-T FAIUNDAINTCOIRASL' SRTEAPTOERMTE NTS A TCYOPMEBSI NAEND BACLAONUCNET GSHREOUTP S AT SEPTEMBER 30, 196, ALl, FUND B ICNO MFBUINDE BASLTANTECMES-NT FORF TRHEVE NYEUASR ,ENDXPEDN SEITPUTREMBS EARN D30CH, A1N9GE6 S C ACNODM BICNHEADN GSETSA TEIMN ENFTU ONFD RBEAVLEANUNCES,- E-XBUPDEGNDEIT U(RGEAS,PA FBUANSDIS )AND ACTUAL-GENERAL AND SPECIAL REVENUE SNUOPTELSE MTEON TAHRE ~FINFAONRCMIATL IOSNT ASTCEHMEDNUTLSE S-GAP BASIS I SPECIAL REVENUE FUND-COMBINING SCHEDULE OF BRAELVAENCUES ,EXPENDITURES, AND CHANGES IN FUND SIUP PLEMENTSACRHYE DULEI ONF ORFEMDAETRIAOLN FINASNCHIEADL UALESSI-TASTNACET UTORY BASIS V BALANCE SHEOFT -RSTEAVTEUNUTOERSY ABNSDI SEXPENDITURES- Vl FSWT.A-1TU4ETM4OE RNYT BASIS--ANUALCONTRIBUTIONS CONTRACT VI STATUETMOERNYT BAOSIFS -RAENVEUNALESC ONTANRDI BUTEXIPONES DCIOTUNTREASC-T- VII AFNWA-L]Y4SI4S ,OFW -S2U1R3P0L,U AS-N[)S TFAWT-U2T1O4R1 Y BASIS AICNDOERPDEANDCEN TWAITUHD IGTQOVRESR'N MRENPTO RAT [JDO[|N~ TINH GE_SITNANEDRANRLDS CONTROL STRUCTURE IN IN DAEDPMENINDIESNTE ARUINDGI TOFREDSE'R AELP OFIRTN AONC ITHALE AISNTSEIRSTNANL CEO NTROL STRUCTURE USE[) PCOERMFPOLRIMAENDC EIN RAECPORTR DANBACSE DWITOHN AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS RIENQDUEIPRENMDENTS AUPDLITOCRASBL' E TOPOI NIMAOJNO R ONF EDECORMALP IFANINCAEN CIWAILT HASPISETCAINFCIEC SPIRNOGLREA MAS UDIT REPORT ON COMPLIANCE WITH REQUIREMENTS APLICABLE TO INODNEMPAEJNODRE NFTE DEARUDLI TFOIRNSAN' CIRAELP ORAST ISONT ANCEO MPLROIGARNCAEM TRWIATNHSA CTHIEO NS GENERAL PREOQGURIAMESM ENTS APPLICABLE TO ALL FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE OIFN DFEPDEENRDAELN TFAIUNADNITCOIRALS 'ARSEPIOSRTA NOCE SUPLEMENTARY INFORMATION-SCHEDULE SCTHAETDUUS LEO FOFP RAIDOJR USATUIDNTG JFOIUNDRNIALG SENTRIES -'- NONE MFIANDIAGNESM AENDT RLETCOTMER NDATIONS WILIA PMROFE SDIAONAIL EAC OUMATICHG CAOSRPOKAITL0~ ,CPA MANDE2Vl31L E, hliL~ESHISORAE ~DA RI?0VE4 8 50at4ndel-6 fp2ah6-n o7e]8 AmSerocicaetn yIonsf tiLoutise aonf amCPeAb'ser INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT HBOUARSIDN GO FAUCTOHMORISTYI ONOFE RTSH E TOWN OF GRAMBLING IG RAhMaBvLeI NGa, udLOiUteIdS IANthAe 71a2c45c ompanying general purpose financial fasotr agotof eimnaeg dtsaf obrfl et hoe fyHoeucaorsn itegn dAtesdu t.hSoeprTtiheyem sboe rfgTe3h0n, eTr1ao9wl n6,op ufrapsGo rslaimeb stlfeidn gain(c PitHahAe] ) frsietnsaptnoecmiseanbtl isl tiatyr emiestn hte so rbeasxperodn soinsb aimnly itaoyp uidnoift o. nthoen PtHhAe'se gmaeneargaeml enput. rposMey sIt acnodarudcste; dGmoyv eaurdnmietn it naAcudcoirtdiarn~gce Swtiantdha grednse, ralisy uaecd epbyt edt ahued iUt inS0 QBCou~zdmegpretnrm oelntCOesMr.B GT) eh,neosreCa ilsr,tc uanldar prdosA -va]in2sdi8o,n. OMsB AoCufid trhc eusl aOofr fiAc-1Se 2to8af treM aqnuaingredm etnhLtao tc an]l~ mwpahltenh riearnl dtmhpies rftgoaertnme mrteahnl tspa. urdpAiotns eta uofdoibtn anicnci laur edaest aotneaxbamelnit nais ngsau, reao n fcear eat beosul~ afbcinsoaiunsnc, tianle vgisdprteiantcecm ipeslnutpesp .ourtseid~n ganatdh uedtihae msaouilngstnoi fiacnadnl tu diesct ilaomsautres imnaidg ne tbhye fpmoraen samgeyn tmoaeptnino, io.an s. Iweblel iaesv e vthaluta mtyJ na9 utdihte povroevriadlel s fai nraneacsioanl absltea tbeamseinst paIobns ivmtey iopn rioensif eonth, et fhHaeoi urgesliyn, egr aiAnl utphaulroprl itmsye atfoeifrn iaTnhl cei aTrel oswpnt eactoefs mG,erntahsm be] rienfiegnr anres cdioat~l( giSen petritasml beyr suar3cp0,el pu1st 9edf6 oa,r canotduh net thiyen ger arp sruitlnhcse inp olfe snid. tesd ,o pienr aticonfso arnmidt yc hawnigte}~ ; In acordance with Government At~di,ting_Standards, I have also oPiHns Ai'utse dincaot merpnelapioal rntc oe ndtawiretoldh sAltuawrgus ctau ndr1 e8raengd1u 9la 7trieopno nrms.t ydcaotneds idAeurguastito n18,o f19th7e gMeyn earuadl it puwrapso smea def infaonr citahl esptuartpeomsen tosf tfaokremni ga s ana owphinolieo.n on Tthe aidn ciotmihpeo anaylti anbalg nea filnyosfai nsc iaonl dt e~nistf ornmoiats .iao pnreslqeiusintrede d apsf aosrt uptohfr etihpneug rfpsiocnshaends ucilaoelfs isnt fatohrem aetnuidosn iot hfoafst hetb heHo nguseinuebgrj aeAl cutpehudo rptios yet hofe inaTuhnde ciTtaiolnw gsotpfar toGecmreadmnubtrsel isnagndp. , lSiuecndh amrcey loamtpiaony iontog ,stiuhpse plfeaminearnltyac li aplri enfsoetnramteatmdi oenit sisa tlia dkenmt aiaefsi reda laswr hoe: lsep. cts Thien sAu. bjeScutpedl etmoe ntahel prIoncfeodrmuraetsi ona pSlciehd uinl est-heG AauPd it baosfi sthe agse nberaeln f~pinu ~apnolcsi ealmf iastnearntceiamle nt~se satpaekcmetn stasi na ardwe,h olianlt ei. omny otpoi nithoen ,iges nefraial ryp usrtpaotse;d taBhn .e OStuphroerlc eCmdoeumnrpteras lhaeIpnsfio] vrJme da Btaisoin s Stochfe Adcualuoedsin-t iRneogf ,ulthahsoe rbyge bna esriauslb, jewpchutilecpdh o tdfo ifntahenrc eignaecln esr, talit sepmfuaernpitorsl yae nfsdit,na taeincd imayn laoslptial[ nitmeaomtne,n retisax lcteapkrte snpf eoacrs tsa hiewn hforle]ao: twi GAP REGULATORY Financial Statement BAS IS BASIS Presentation Not Used Faucnidl AiCtcoinesu ntrAuciqntug iosni tion EUxspede nditure Capitalized RoAudtijunset mPernitosr Year FBuengd inBailnag nce ExpenCduirtuernet ReFcedieprtas] fSroumr ce RAedvjeunsutem nt orC rRedcietepdt Basis of Acounting to Surplus FeCdaepriatla lG rParnotsj ecftosr Modified Cash Interest Expense AMcocdrJ ufalel d Accrual LoOsf Eoqnu JD pimsepnots ition AM CoCd 17iufa ie] d Acrual DBTeohpaisar dt rmeopnf tr Cof: misHiUsDn tieaonde srdh osulfd etlnhyo tef or the r fmao~ ofnoit h]aeinrd ~puwsriep tohs fe.t he August 18, 197 Aw iPlIolfiaems Dioaniae]l AcMCoaunstkin ]1g CPA ;,=g ~i~ .~ ,~ ~ !I~ - ! Ii ~ ,-. E3 ~yo ~, ~ : GTHEAM: BHLOUINSOI,N GLOAUITSHIOARNIAT YOF THE TOWN OF GRAMBLING HNoOuTsEiSn g TAO uTtHhoE rFiItNieANs CIaAreL cShTAarTtEeMErNedT Sas a public orporation under the iplera'~oivsd en(iLtnSsgA -oRsf SaGl4~e0 a:m3b9ln1id)n gso,af ntLihotuae irsSy tiandtawe .elf TihnLgoi us casircaeonamt imofdnar wtaiohs nec pounfrtopi nsge etnhotef agupopvoenir nttehd bloy cat lhef igMvoea yromenr minobgfe rG borBdaoym brold finotgfh ,eC Locmuitsiy isoanr aonp, earseir. svheT. ah eTfheom uermP bHyeA erasi~ , Usntdaegr etrhed tUenirtm.e d States Housing Act of 1937, as amended, the US etDnetnpear ehtdm ouei,c;ntn og afpnrH ouagn nrahumasl cidon rntehcrietb Urunetsi:otpneds Sicotbnaitleirstac. yt fAowcri tchoa rdtmihne giPlsHytAe ,rfHioUnrDg thlhaoes.~ ' cpounrtsproisbue uctiofn sa (snudib sltiedanisge sint) ghteo tf PhHeA oPuHsiAn fog fr iuntahietn scpiungra pnods teh to f macakqiune itsalint Jiuona9l , Tthei sPHlA owh arse nth ec hfaorlacotweirn. g programs under management PHA Owned Housing FAWC-1 4N4um ber Num9b8e rof Units SeVCcoeturictohin efri8sc ates FW-214340 11850 NOMTEo dIe-rSaUt}~e ARReYh aObF SIGNIFICANT ACCFOWU-N2T]I4N1G POLICIES:6 TAh. eBaAcSIomSp OaFn yiPnREgS EfNinTAaTnIciOaN lstatements of the PHA have ben preparer sGieon tvecirongm fbeonrotmdaiy ltfyoA rcw eoitsuhtn abiGnAlig sPhSitans g dagpolvdpels irenBdmo eantrotd alig soavctehroenu mnaeticnteagpl taneud ifsitsna. ndcairTadhl -~ Bre. pRoErPtOiRnTgI NpGr iEnNcTiIpTlYe s. igGnoAcvSleBur dnSemtdae ntweiamtleh nirtne pNtoumhretb irneg p1oe4rn teisntgya belnai~di '~teycdo. mcporBnietcnatru isae nftiohsr e dPteHhaAte rims hnolieunglad tlbhyet, fsoiespr carfla utnmeda :[ tanIge~d lsdf, iesficjnaclituysd inagn ded(p le)o npbduenrdagt eitbn yagb utedhieongfr ictsiyoeln, lc(i2y e)sarc, eso(pu3on)t saibfliesl cifatol y~ gfmouavnedarsgn,em e(nt4a) l fraoue ptohrctointnrgy oelntoit nitg yis. tuhTeh ec do}el'HbAtl ei,ctnictolhuend easPn HdaAl d ifs ubndars , semaecpnator uanto ef tghreo uPpHsA, .activities that are within the oversight responsibility of joCuveryrt, saignh otu nhrietrs ponfis nldbeopicelaint dye gnot, velsryu cnhm eantls ectohved rscwhpoiacrli hbstho aerdosPfH, Afipcaeirxaesrlcsh, ipsoeldai ncdeo camouncsoimcdpieanreyldi ntgi esefpi anrnwaitceih ali nenstiathei ems nptasrn. ids hTh, iseuea rue nfitensxa cnolcfui dagelod vesrtnfamrotemn mte natrhtse Cse. pFaUrNaDt eACfrOoUNm TtIhNosG eof the PHA. pTohsei tPiHoAn uasneds tfhuen drs easunldt as cocf unit s gropeuprsa tio nrse. porFtu nodn aictcso ufnitniangc iiasl gmdoaevnseairgnemedn t fo ubnydc etmiosoengsrt oeagtra teaictnlgei vaitl iraencso.m apcltioancse arnelda tion g aidt o ficnearntcaiianl aAc cfoundt is. a Osenp atrhaet otahcero unhatindg, eant itayc owiutnht a grsoeulfp biasl an cfinign asnecti aol f tarhesepyo trdso i angod t dledivarbceicl tidlyie sia gfntehcadt naoer tp rsnopvetin drea bcloerc dofeuidn tain bcitlahlei tyrf eusnfodusr rcbescrat. usien fFuidnucsi oafr y.t he IPnH At uarne ,celacshi fcaitede gionr y twios cadtiveigdoredi eis:n tgo sverpnamraentea lfuand oStyf pecaisch. l eRTxIiv~Jes tniuPneHg AFufcunodm.b itnyepTseh t fhouel nGode wcn:le arsl ifFuincda tiboalnas nacned sha edets wcritpht iohne tGhoev rPnHmAe'nst al gefnuerdasl- Gaocvteirvnimteinetsa, lfiuncdlsu daicncgo unth ef orc oale cotr iomn sta nod~ sadecirqsvubicsrisntegim oen ft goefn fecroanslp setlrcouincfgti citoenr om ofd elbtgea. nelrGyoa vl erfnismxterndit cale sdfeuntmdso,n iaenscd,l udteh: Iraec. quoGiernetdsr at]of Fbrue ndal-cl tohuenfi tngeadn cefiroarl
Recommended publications
  • The Unity of Yin and Yang: a Philosophical Assessment
    The Unity of Yin and Yang: A Philosophical Assessment Thaddeus T'ui-chieh Hang National Chengchi University, Taipei "One yin ^ and one yang d, constitute what is called Tao 51"; "When yin and yang are united in their virtue, the soft and the hard attain their physical shape." These famous statements are drawn from the "Appended Remarks" (Hsi-tz'u Slit?) of the / Ching %M.. Since they were uttered more than two thousand years ago, they became the metaphysical foun- dation for the two great philosophical schools of China, namely, Taoism and Confucianism. For both these schools, yin and yang, two contrasting but mutually compensating components constitute unity in harmony. We shall endeavor to give an historical account of this concept, describe it phenomenologically, and venture a philosophical assessment from cos- mological, anthropological, as well as theological points of view. I. An Historical Account The origin of yin-yang ideas must be sought in very ancient times. In the Book of Poetry (Shih-ching I^M?i<) the words "yin" and "yang" signified the north and south sides of a mountain.1 In the Book of Historical Documents (Shu-ching US?) the two words never appeared together ex- cept in the apocryphal "Chou-kuan" /SJ1T. Even in the Analects of Con- fucius there is no mention of yin-yang. However, the eight trigrams were probably in use at the beginning of the Chou )*] dynasty (late 12th cen- tury B.C.). Since the eight trigrams consist of combinations of broken and 'James Legge, The Chinese Classics: Vol. IV, Book of Poetry (Taipei, 1972), Ode 19, p.
    [Show full text]
  • List 3. Headings That Need to Be Changed from the Machine- Converted Form
    LIST 3. HEADINGS THAT NEED TO BE CHANGED FROM THE MACHINE- CONVERTED FORM The data dictionary for the machine conversion of subject headings was prepared in summer 2000 based on the systematic romanization of Wade-Giles terms in existing subject headings identified as eligible for conversion before detailed examination of the headings could take place. When investigation of each heading was subsequently undertaken, it was discovered that some headings needed to be revised to forms that differed from the forms that had been given in the data dictionary. This occurred most frequently when older headings no longer conformed to current policy, or in the case of geographic headings, when conflicts were discovered using current geographic reference sources, for example, the listing of more than one river or mountain by the same name in China. Approximately 14% of the subject headings in the pinyin conversion project were revised differently than their machine- converted forms. To aid in bibliographic file maintenance, the following list of those headings is provided. In subject authority records for the revised headings, Used For references (4XX) coded Anne@ in the $w control subfield for earlier form of heading have been supplied for the data dictionary forms as well as the original forms of the headings. For example, when you see: Chien yao ware/ converted to Jian yao ware/ needs to be manually changed to Jian ware It means: The subject heading Chien yao ware was converted to Jian yao ware by the conversion program; however, that heading now
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Lieh-Tzu / Translated by A
    ft , I ' * * < The B 2 I it* o f Lieh- i - I /\ Classic of Tao i > *• A Translated by A. C. GRAHAM . t The Book o f Lieh-tzu A Classic o f the Tao translated by A. C. GRAHAM Columbia University Press New York Columbia University Press Morningside Edition 1990 Columbia University Press New York Copyright © 1960, 1990 by A. C. Graham Preface to the Morningside Edition copyright © 1990 by Columbia University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lieh-tzu, 4th cent. B.C. [Lieh-tzu. English] The book of Lieh-tzu / translated by A. C. Graham, p cm.—(Translations from the Oriental classics) Translation of: Lieh-tzu. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-231-07236-8 ISBN 0-231-07237-6 (pbk.) I Graham, A. C. (Angus Charles) II. Title. III. Series. BL1900.L482E5 1990 181'.114-dc2o 89-24°35 CIP All rights reserved Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 Translations from the Asian Classics EDITORIAL BOARD Wm. Theodore de Bury, Chair Paul Anderer Irene Bloom Donald Keene George A. Saliba Haruo Shirane David D. W. Wang Burton Watson Contents Preface to the Morningside Edition xi Preface xvii Dramatis Personae xviii—xix Introduction i HEAVEN'S GIFTS 14 2 THE YELLOW EMPEROR 32 3 KING MU OF CHOU 58 4 CONFUCIUS 74 5 THE QUESTIONS OF T'ANG 92 6 ENDEAVOUR AND DESTINY 118 7 YANG CHU 135 8 EXPLAINING CONJUNCTIONS t58 Short Reading List 182 Textual Notes 183 i x Preface to the Morningside Edition A significant change since this book was first published in 196o is that we have learned to see philosophical Taoism in a new historical perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Men's Sexual and Prostate Problems in Chinese Medicine
    ‘Traditional created by Formulae for the ® Modern World’ MEN’S SEXUAL AND PROSTATE PROBLEMS IN CHINESE MEDICINE While Chinese medicine has a rich tradition in the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological problems, fewer ancient or modern texts are dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of men’s problems. For example, Chinese medicine refers to the “Uterus” in all its classic texts, but no mention is ever made of the prostate. The Du Mai, Ren Mai and Chong Mai are said to arise in the Lower Burner and flow through the uterus: but where do they flow through in men? The classics do not say. The present newsletter will discuss the physiology of men’s sexual organs including the prostate, some aspects of pathology and the treatment of the following conditions: • Impotence • Premature ejaculation • Low sperm count • Benign prostatic hypertrophy • Prostatitis Before discussing the treatment of specific conditions, we should look at the channels that affect men’s genital system and how the penis, testis, seminal vesicles and prostate fit in Chinese Medicine. Chapter 65 of the “Spiritual Axis” says: “The Directing and Penetrating Vessels originate from the Lower Dan Tian [literally”Bao”].”1. 1981 Spiritual Axis (Ling Shu Jing [#ch]), People’s Health Publishing House, Beijing, p. 120. First published c. 100 BC. The actual term used by the “Spiritual Axis” is “Bao” which is often translated as “uterus”. However, while the term “Zi Bao” refers to the Uterus, the word “Bao” indicates a structure that is common to both men and women: in women, it is the Uterus, in men, it is the “Room of Sperm”.
    [Show full text]
  • The View of Ziran in the Inner Chapter of Baopuzi
    Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences ISSN 2616-5783 Vol.3, Issue 6: 81-88, DOI: 10.25236/AJHSS.2020.030608 The View of Ziran in the Inner Chapter of Baopuzi Wang Jin1,*, Ding Qun2 1.Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China 2.Shandong Foreign Trade Vocational College, Shandong, 266100, China *Corresponding Author ABSTRACT. Ge hong's thought of “ziran” basically extends the meaning of “ziran” in the tao te ching, but in the extension, he pushes the scope of application of “ziran” to a metaphysical world, a physical natural existence and human society. Moreover, he believes that transcendental “ziran” and realistic “ziran” are closely related. People can change or even create realistic “ziran” by grasping transcendental “ziran”. His special understanding of “ziran” also provides important examples and theoretical support for his thought of “immortals can be acquired through learning”. KEYWORDS: Ziran, Baopuzi, Ge hong 1. Introduction As a famous Taoist in the Jin Dynasty, Ge Hong’s thoughts have a tremendous influence. Joseph once called him “the greatest alchemist in Chinese history” [1]. Although he was a Taoist, he was not a man of blind faith at that time, but a man with high scientific literacy. As his classic work, Baopuzi also embodied this strong scientific nature. Joseph also said that the “earlier chapters of his Pao phu Tsu contained some scientific thinking at what appears to be a high level”[1]. Although Ge Hong defined the inner chapter of Baopuzi as “saying yellow and white” in author's preface, and later generations usually praised Ge Hong's contribution to the golden elixir thought of Taoism, Ge Hong also focused on another core issue in the inner chapter of Baopuzi -” Immortals (shenxian 神仙) can be acquired through learning “(shen xian ke yi xue zhi 神仙可以学致)[2], “ziran 自然” is a core concept used by Ge Hong in solving this problem, just as Chen Kewen said “Ge Hong's philosophy of “ziran” is the theoretical basis of his theory of immortals.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing Confucianism in Contemporary China
    TRACING CONFUCIANISM IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA Ruichang Wang and Ruiping Fan Abstract: With the reform and opening policy implemented by the Chinese government since the late 1970s, mainland China has witnessed a sustained resurgence of Confucianism first in academic studies and then in social practices. This essay traces the development of this resurgence and demonstrates how the essential elements and authentic moral and intellectual resources of long-standing Confucian culture have been recovered in scholarly concerns, ordinary ideas, and everyday life activities. We first introduce how the Modern New Confucianism reappeared in mainland China in the three groups of the Chinese scholars in the Confucian studies in the 1980s and early 1990s. Then we describe how a group of innovative mainland Confucian thinkers has since the mid-1990s come of age launching new versions of Confucian thought differing from that of the overseas New Confucians and their forefathers, followed by our summary of public Confucian pursuits and activities in the mainland society in the recent decade. Finally, we provide a few concluding remarks about the difficulties encountered in the Confucian development and our general expectations for future. 1 Introduction Confucianism is not just a philosophical doctrine constructed by Confucius (551- 479BCE) and developed by his followers. It is more like a religion in the general sense. In fact, Confucius took himself as a cultural transmitter rather than a creator (cf. Analects 7.1, 7.20), inheriting the Sinic culture that had long existed before him.2 Dr. RUICHANG WANG, Professor, School of Culture & Communications, Capital university of Economics and Business. Emai: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1912.10068V2 [Cs.LG] 1 Feb 2021
    Recommendations and User Agency: The Reachability of Collaboratively-Filtered Information Sarah Dean1, Sarah Rich2, Benjamin Recht1 1Department of EECS, University of California, Berkeley 2Canopy Crest December 2019 Abstract Recommender systems often rely on models which are trained to maximize accuracy in predicting user preferences. When the systems are deployed, these models determine the availability of content and information to dierent users. The gap between these objectives gives rise to a potential for unintended consequences, contributing to phenomena such as lter bubbles and polarization. In this work, we consider directly the information availability problem through the lens of user recourse. Using ideas of reachability, we propose a computationally ecient audit for top-N linear recommender models. Furthermore, we describe the relationship between model complexity and the eort necessary for users to exert control over their recommendations. We use this insight to provide a novel perspective on the user cold-start problem. Finally, we demonstrate these concepts with an empirical investigation of a state-of-the-art model trained on a widely used movie ratings dataset. 1 Introduction Recommendation systems inuence the way information is presented to individuals for a wide variety of domains including music, videos, dating, shopping, and advertising. On one hand, the near-ubiquitous practice of ltering content by predicted preferences makes the digital information overload possible for individuals to navigate. By exploiting the patterns in ratings or consumption across users, preference predictions are useful in surfacing relevant and interesting content. On the other hand, this personalized curation is a potential mechanism for social segmentation and polarization. The exploited patterns across users may in fact encode undesirable biases which become self-reinforcing when used in feedback to make recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Mythological Philosophy of Guo Pu's Shanhai Jing Notes
    2019 3rd International Conference on Art Design, Language, and Humanities (ADLH 2019) Study on the Mythological Philosophy of Guo Pu's Shanhai Jing Notes Shuyan Yia College of Humanities &Sciences of Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117 [email protected] Keywords: Guo Pu, Shanhai Jing notes; mythology philosophy; mythology. Abstract: Influenced by the social trend of thought of "metaphysics" in Wei and Jin dynasties, Guo Pu likes to explore the philosophical implication behind things. Under the influence of this mode of thinking, Guo Pu also used the thought of mythological philosophy in the process of interpreting the Book of Shan Hai Jing. Through the comparative analysis of the notes and the original text, it can be found that Guo Pu mainly explained the composition and development of God, Man and God from the philosophical perspective of "viewing things by Tao" and the thought of "Gasification" 1. Introduction In the spread of the original ecological myth in later generations, it was mainly preserved by "three kinds of scholars: one is the ancient Chinese philosopher, the other is the writer, and the third is the historian."[1] In the warring States period, philosophers made great contributions to the preservation of ancient myths. Mao Dun once pointed out that "Zhuangzi" and "Han Feizi" have mythological fragments, especially Zhuangzi. [2] Zhuangzi not only seeks the material from the original ecological myth story, deduces the abstract philosophy, but also inherits some philosophical ideas in the myth and gives full play to it. It can be said that the trend of thought of mythology philosophy in ancient China began with Zhuangzi.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Naturing Ziran in Early Daoist Thinking A
    NATURE NATURING ZIRAN IN EARLY DAOIST THINKING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHILOSOPHY MAY 2018 By Jing Liu Dissertation Committee: Roger T. Ames, Chair Franklin Perkins, Co-chair Steve Odin Chung-Ying Cheng David McCraw Kai Zheng Keywords: Nature, Ziran, Daoism ABSTRACT Due to the worsening environmental situation, the relation between nature and humans has been reflected on by environmental philosophers. However, we often find that the very meaning of nature has not been brought to light. So what is nature? My thesis shows that ziran in early Daoism offers us an alternative to the modern concept of nature as an object to be controlled and exploited for human purposes. Ziran is the very process of the transformation of dao and things, in which the intimacy of dao, things and humans is kept. My thesis presents ziran or nature as a way of life that penetrates dao, things, and humans. It is with the understanding of ziran that the nature of humans and all things are illuminated. Daoist ziran also sheds light on the creativity of a feminine power as the realization of nature which emphasizes the interplay between the female and the male (yin and yang), setting a contrast with any exclusively patriarchal principle of the relationship between humans and “nature.” While ziran offers us an alternative to the modern concept of nature, the investigation on ziran seeks dialogue with Western thoughts. By questioning the meaning of nature through the lens of Daoist ziran many important terms in western philosophy, e.g., being and nonbeing, permanence and transience, truth, reality, freedom and so on are reinterpreted and gain refreshed meanings.
    [Show full text]
  • Lao-Tzu's Taoteching with Selected Commentaries of The
    Lao-tzus • THE WAY translated byRed Pine with selected commentaries of the past2000 years Copyright © 1996 by Red Pine (Bill Porter). Published in the United States of America by Mercury House, San Francisco, California, a nonprofit publishing company devoted to the free exchange of ideas and guided by a dedication to literary values. Allrights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages In a review. UNITED STATES CONSTITU TION, PIRST AMBNDMBNT: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridg­ ing the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Manufactured in the United States of America. LIBRARY OF CONGRB SS CATAL OGU ING- IN -PU BLICATION DATA Lao-tzu. [Tao te ching. English] Lao-tzu's Taoteching I translated by Red Pine, with selected commentaries of the past 2000 years. p. cm. ISBN 1-56279-085-4 (pbk.) I. Pine, Red. II. Title. , BLI900.L26s513 1996 299' ·SI482-DC20 96-18579 CIP FIRST EDITION 10 12 14 16 18 20 19 17 15 13 II 2468975 3 for Ku Lien-chang Contents Introduction IX Lao-tzu's Taoteching 1 Glossary 165 • Central China in the sixth centuryBe. Map by Paul Hansen. Introduction The Taotechingis at heart a simple book. Written at the end of the sixth century Be by a man called Lao-tzu, it is a vision of what our lives would be like if we were more like the dark, new moon.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Notes 4. Slingerland, in Accord with Pang Pu, Suggests Th
    Philosophies of Happiness Chapter 3 Confucian Happiness: Supplementary Notes 4. Slingerland, in accord with Pang Pu, suggests that the term wu-wei “describes a state of personal harmony in which actions flow freely and instantly from one’s spontaneous inclinations—without the need for extended deliberation or inner struggle––and yet nonetheless accord perfectly with the dictates of the situation at hand, display an almost supernatural efficacy and (in the Confucian context at least) harmonize with the demands of conventional morality . It represents not a transitory state but rather a set of dispositions that has been so thoroughly transformed as to conform with the normative order.” Ivanhoe objects that, as Slingerland’s translation “effortless action” suggests, wu-wei is properly a quality of actions and not agents, since nature is said to act in wu-wei fashion without being an agent. Ivanhoe, “The Paradox of Wu-wei?” Journal of Chinese Philosophy, Volume 34, Issue 2: 277-287, at 284. Chris Fraser points out that the question of agency is at the heart of many of these descriptions of action. Thus nature may be a paradigm precisely because it acts without conscious agency. Fraser, “On Wu-wei as a Unifying Metaphor: Effortless Action: Wu-wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China,” Philosophy East and West: 97-106, at 99-100. 55. The Master fell ill. Zilu had the disciples act towards him as though they were re- tainers. When the illness eased, the Master said, “Long has Yóu practiced this deception! To have no retainers and pretend to have them, whom do I deceive? Do I deceive Tian? And moreover, rather than die in the hands of retainers, would I not prefer to die in your hands, my friends? Even though I may receive no great funeral, would I be dying by the side of the road?” Compare Zhuangzi, Chapter 32, and Ivanhoe, “Death and Dying in the Analects,” in In A.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems of Tao and Tao Te Ching
    Problems of Tao and Tao Te Ching Jan Yün-Hua Numen, Vol. 22, Fasc. 2 1975 Numen, Vol. XXII, Fasc. 3 PROBLEMS OF TAO AND TAO TE CHING *) 1) BY JAN YUN-HUA Hamilton, Canada From ancient times until very recently, Lao-tzu as a man, Tao Te Ching as a book, and Tao as a philosophy were always problems to scholars. Now that we have come to the seventies of the twentieth century, when science and technology are so advanced, and scholarship has become more 'scientific', one may expect that the problems related to various classics in general and Tao Te Ching in particular should also become better understand, so that we may have a chance to do better than the scholars of the past. However, inspite of some fruit in the studies of this work, we still remain in a state of confusion, trying hard to understand what Tao is and who Lao-tzu was. Yet when one attempts to summarize the scholarly achievement on the subject, one would find that in many respects, it is always easy to raise questions, but hard to solve them. With this frame of thinking in mind, the purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the problems in Tao Te Ching; and some parallels in other ancient texts that have been pointed out and debated by some scholars currently, especially Fung Yu-lan and his colleagues. This does not mean I am going to follow them nor attempt to solve some of these problems, but simply trying to point out the areas where research has come to a point of impossibility and the other areas in *) This paper was originally prepared for and read before the Northeast Regional International Conference of Religion, American Academy of Religion, held at Syracuse, New York in March I973 as the key speech to a workshop on Tao Te Ching.
    [Show full text]