ELECTRONICS PIONEER Lee De Forest
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John Logan Koepke and David G. Robinson* in the Last Five Years
DANGER AHEAD: RISK ASSESSMENT AND THE FUTURE OF BAIL REFORM John Logan Koepke and David G. Robinson* In the last five years, legislators in all fifty states and many localities have made changes to their pretrial justice systems. Reform efforts aim to shrink jails by incarcerating fewer poor, low-risk defendants, and particularly, fewer racial minorities. Many jurisdictions are embracing pretrial risk assessment instruments — statistical tools that use historical data to forecast which defendants can safely be released — as a centerpiece of these changes. Scholars, system practitioners, advocates, and journalists are increasingly questioning the extent to which pretrial risk assessment instruments actually serve these goals. Existing scholarship and debate centers on how the instruments may reinforce racial disparities, and on how their opaque algorithms may frustrate due process interests. In this article, we highlight three underlying challenges that have yet to receive the attention they require. First, today’s risk assessment tools make what we term “zombie predictions.” That is, the predictive models are trained on data from older bail regimes, and are blind to the risk-reducing benefits of recent bail reforms. This will lead to predictions that systematically overestimate risk. Second, the “decision- making frameworks” that mediate the court system’s use of risk estimates embody crucial moral judgments, yet currently escape public scrutiny. Third, in the longer term, these new tools risk giving an imprimatur of scientific objectivity to ill-defined concepts of “dangerousness”; pave the way for a possible increase in preventive detention; and may entrench the Supreme Court’s historically recent blessing of preventive detention for dangerousness. -
A Timeless Introduction in MOTION PICTURE SOUND RECORDING
File: Dyetrack.pm6 a b Motion Picture DYE TRACKS Application A Timeless Introduction in MOTION PICTURE SOUND RECORDING. By Jean Burtin THE SUMMARY IN BRIEF. ound is a 360-degree experience and whether we are attending a Sconcert hall or a motion picture theatre, the full emotional impact of the presentation is the result of a wide variety of sonic vibrations that arrive from every direction. We are now entering the Third Age of reproduced sound. The monophonic era was the first, which lasted from Edison’s invention of the phonograph in 1877 until the 1950s. During that time the goal was simply to reproduce the timbre of the original sound. No attempts were made to reproduce directional properties or spatial realism. Based on inventions from the 1930s, reaching the public in the mid ‘50s, the stereo era was the Second Age. This stereo sound added two dimensions of Jean Burtin space and has provided great listening pleasure for four decades. The Application manager introduction of digital multi-channel surround systems was the beginning Motion Picture Products of the Third Age, offering the public the opportunity to almost “feel” the Tel. (+ 32 ) (0)3 444 8054 sound. Fax. (+32) (0)3 444 8052 [email protected] These surround systems can provide this involving presence in a way that is robust, reliable and consistent. The only constant INSIDE... throughout the complete history of recorded sound, is the physical - Sound recording 4 way by which the analogue soundtrack is recorded on the filmmedium - The analogue track 6 itself. Up to now silver containing soundtracks are used to produce - Cross-modulation 8 - Quality 12 the necessary density for the reproduction equipment. -
The Arrival of the First Film Sound Systems in Spain (1895-1929)
Journal of Sound, Silence, Image and Technology 27 Issue 1 | December 2018 | 27-41 ISSN 2604-451X The arrival of the first film sound systems in Spain (1895-1929) Lidia López Gómez Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [email protected] Date received: 10-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 31-03-2018 PALABRAS CLAVE: CINE MUDO | SONIDO | RecepcIÓN | KINETÓFONO | CHRONOPHONE | PHONOFILM KEY WORDS: SILENT FILM | SOUND | RecepTION | KINETOPHONE | CHRONOPHONE | PHONOFILM Journal of Sound, Silence, Image and Technology | Issue 1 | December 2018. 28 The arrival of the first film sound systems in spain (1895-1929) ABSTracT During the final decade of the 19th century, inventors such as Thomas A. Edison and the Lumière brothers worked assiduously to find a way to preserve and reproduce sound and images. The numerous inventions conceived in this period such as the Kinetophone, the Vitascope and the Cinematograph are testament to this and are nowadays consid- ered the forerunners of cinema. Most of these new technologies were presented at public screenings which generated a high level of interest. They attracted people from all social classes, who packed out the halls, theatres and hotels where they were held. This paper presents a review of the newspa- per and magazine articles published in Spain at the turn of the century in order to study the social reception of the first film equip- ment in the country, as well as to understand the role of music in relation to the images at these events and how the first film systems dealt with sound. Journal of Sound, Silence, Image and Technology | Issue 1 | December 2018. -
V'j/SO14 RCA's Broadcast Antenna Center
V'J/SO14 Broadcast and Teleproduction Happenings PTL-'The Inspirational Network" Expands WDZL -TV, New 24 -Hour UHF RCA's Broadcast Antenna Center Quality Video's Mobile Unit www.americanradiohistory.com On the move. for you! 4,-. ..._V,. at" \ ,,\ 1 bt, . V I . O.. I . ` . .,S{+?f " \ Y '1 y^$(.. 4 , ,. P .. 1N " 1 , ; rÿ: I:IYf . ;-- ' !Í "' II-, i..R . a. : RCA Y{RWJä1sCAb7 6Y&Taa -1 f, ...,p,a- -.Ni l¡ JI ^ Idi.1 0 1 f' .i.w , +u. --^jyL ' r +,., p _ f ÿ'S 1, y, wpkM3.xyn. ,, nasr : . l . r -.-- / ( ,r w. }'Y, ) `r---._ .:. , a./ _ .*.Yd.g j 'i2N'-rE .., 3 s!Y ` 5 -,:. .` 'ß` ,...7.!: r.i/ .. 1 c.i` 1,'fy.VrY, *--rit, j+i .. ;j -'' - , }. - r* 1,:& r.1. `da .a ..\.". 47-77::` N1u " ` yy',, C ` .a..s"ç. _- 1, - l'3aa-y..í.-,.+D:.. `... View from United Slates Avenue There is a new RCA Broadcast Systems Di- We're moving toward a full integrated vision, operating from a new headquar- operation -consolidating administration, ters location in Gibbsboro, New Jersey. engineering and manufacturing in one Administrative operations- marketing, area for added efficiency and customer - product management, Tech Alert, cus- responsive service. tomer service and finance -are already in RCA Broadcast Systems move to Gibbs - place on site, and a new building is under boro reaffirms our commitment to remain construction. When completed later this the industry's leading supplier of quality year, TV transmitter engineering and pro- products, with unequalled support duction will move from Meadow Lands, services. -
42" 1080P LCD Flat Panel HDTV
L42FHD37 42" 1080p LCD Flat Panel HDTV Features and Benefits For the ultimate in High Definition viewing, RCA introduces the new Full 1080p L42FHD37. It featuresFull 1080p HDTV technology performance for crisp, lifelike details, SRS® WOW Audio Enhancement, fast panel response times, and 5 HD inputs: 3 HDMI (v1.3) and 2 HD Component. This television is also HDMI-CEC compliant making it easier to control your components connected via HDMI with the TV’s remote control. The RCA L42FHD37 is an incredible value that is designed to be a breeze to operate with stunning picture performance and sensible innovations. RCA HDTV. Color Beyond Reality. This TV is ENERGY STAR® qualified and features RCA’sIntuilight™ light sensor which detects ambient room light to automatically adjust contrast on the screen. The result is more energy-efficiency that is perfectly balanced for your room’s environment—night or day. PRODUCT SIZE (W X H X D) WITH stand: 40 X 28.4 X 10.2 INCHES || W/O stand: 40 X 26 X 4.4 INCHES * Cable TV subscription required. Check with your cable company for availability in your area. L42FHD37 Specifications JACK paNELS Side Panel Back Panel TECHNOLOGY REAR CONNECTIONS — OUTPUTS Tuner NTSC/ATSC/QAM Digital Audio Output (SPDIF) 1 - Optical Analog Video Formats (NTSC/480i) Composite, S-Vid, Component SIDE PANEL — INPUTS Video Formats (480p, 720p, 1080i, Component, RGB, HDMI Composite Video Input 1 1080p) S-Video Input 1 R L HDTV Capability Yes Audio Input for Composite 1 R L Category LCD HDMI Inputs ** 1 DVI AUDIO INPUT USB Input 1 - SW -
Electrical Engineering
SCIENCE MUSEUM SOUTH KENSINGTON HANDBOOK OF THE COLLECTIONS ILLUSTRATING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING II. RADIO COMMUNICATION By W. T. O'DEA, B.Sc., A.M.I.E.E. Part I.-History and Development Crown Copyright Reseruea LONDON PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY's STATIONERY OFFICI To be purchued directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICI at the following addre:11ea Adutral Houae, Kinpway, London, W.C.z; no, George Street, Edinburgh:& York Street, Manchester 1 ; 1, St, Andrew'• Cretccnr, Cudi.lf So, Chichester Street, Belfa1t or through any Booueller 1934 Price 2s. 6d. net CONTENTS PAGB PREFACE 5 ELECTROMAGNETI<: WAVF13 7 DETECTORS - I I EARLY WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY EXPERIMENTS 17 THE DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY - 23 THE THERMIONIC vALVE 38 FuRTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN TRANSMISSION 5 I WIRELESS TELEPHONY REcEIVERS 66 TELEVISION (and Picture Telegraphy) 77 MISCELLANEOUS DEVELOPMENTS (Microphones, Loudspeakers, Measure- ment of Wavelength) 83 REFERENCES - 92 INDEX - 93 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Fig. I. Brookman's Park twin broadcast transmitters -Frontispiece Fig. 2. Hughes' clockwork transmitter and detector, 1878 8 Fig. 3· Original Hertz Apparatus - Fig. 4· Original Hertz Apparatus - Fig. S· Original Hertz Apparatus - 9 Fig. 6. Oscillators and resonators, 1894- 12 Fig. 7· Lodge coherers, 1889-94 - Fig. 8. Magnetic detectors, 1897, 1902 - Fig. 9· Pedersen tikker, 1901 I3 Fig. IO. Original Fleming diode valves, 1904 - Fig. II. Audion, Lieben-Reisz relay, Pliotron - Fig. IZ. Marconi transmitter and receiver, 1896 Fig. IJ. Lodge-Muirhead and Marconi receivers 17 Fig. 14. Marconi's first tuned transmitter, 1899 Fig. IS. 11 Tune A" coil set, 1900 - 20 Fig. 16. Marconi at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, 1901 Fig. -
History of Communications Media
History of Communications Media Class 5 History of Communications Media • What We Will Cover Today – Photography • Last Week we just started this topic – Typewriter – Motion Pictures • The Emergence of Hollywood • Some Effects of the Feature Film Photography - Origins • Joseph Nicephore Niepce –first photograph (1825) – Used bitumen and required an 8-hour exposure – Invented photoengraving • Today’s photolithography is both a descendent of Niepce’s technique and the means by which printed circuits and computer chips are made – Partner of Louis Daguerre Photography - Origins • Louis Daguerre – invented daguerreotype – Daguerre was a panorama painter and theatrical designer – Announced the daguerreotype system in 1839 • Daguerreotype – a photograph in which the image is exposed onto a silver mirror coated with silver halide particles – The first commercially practical photographic process • Exposures of 15 minutes initially but later shortened – The polaroid of its day – capable of only a single image Photography – Origins • William Henry Fox Talbot – invented the calotype or talbotype – Calotype was a photographic system that: • Used salted paper coated with silver iodide or silver chloride that was developed with gallic acid and fixed with potassium bromide • Produced both a photographic negative and any desired number of positive prints Photography – Origins • Wet Collodion Process - 1 – Invented in 1850 by Frederick Scott Archer and Gustave Le Grey – Wet plate process that required the photographer to coat the glass plate, expose it, -
The Best Sound in Town: Deforest Achievements (C. 1920S)
“THE BEST SOUND IN TOWN” P HR? , ' ClcIvuMcmivcti^ PHONOFILM PHONODISC (Sound on Film) (Sound on Disc) De Forest Patents General Talking Pictures Corporation Executive $ Offices 218 West 42nd Street New York City DEFOREST PHONOFILM and PHONODISC Protected by United States and Foreign Patents AIN SC IS. A1Z, LUKf., LmLAUU, ILL.; L.U1 :0„ CLEVELAND, OHIO; HOUGH IMPROVEMENT CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO; CENTER WOODLAND AMUSEMENT CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO; THURSTON AMUSEMENT CORP., ROCHESTER, N. Y.; LOUIS PERLMAN, PHILADEL- PHIA, PA.; FORUM CONSTRUCTION CO., NEW YORK, N.'Y.; SHORE ROAD THEATRE COR?., BROOKLYN, N. Y.; GEO. A. MANOS, TORONTO, OHIO; riVOLI VAUDEVILLE, INC., BROOKLYN, N. Y.; HARRISON AMUSEMENT DORP., NEW YORK, N. Y.; BROOKLYN UNITED THEATRE, INC., BROOK- LYN, N. Y.; UNITED THEATRES CORP., CHICAGO, ILL.; ARKANSAS AMUSEMENT ENTERPRISES, EL DORADO, ARK'.; LEWIS WISPER & H. G ELARK, DETROIT, MICH.; LA PORTE THEATRE CO., LA PORTE, IND.; INTER-CITY AMUSEMENT CO., PAINESVILLE, OHIO; JOHN PALFI, KENT. DHIO;~ JOHN E. NIEBES, DETROIT. MICH.; JOHN PRISE, CHARLEROI, PA.; LAURA L. TEMPLE, MANC ONSOLIDATED THEATRES INC., DENVER, COLO.; I EATRES, INC., MISHA- W'AKA, IND.; L. & D. NSVILLE, S. I., N. Y.; ITATE THEATRES, NIAL AMUSEMENT EO., HARRISBURG, SOME LD, MASS.; THOS A. BROWN, IOWA YN, N. Y.; ALLYN rHEATRE CORP. USERS OF feTRE CO., FLINT MICH.; A. HAN ITZER AMUSE- WENT CO., SYR MORE, N. Y.; CAPITOL AMUS THE BEST jUSEMENT CO., McGEHEE, ARK. OR THEATRE, { CLEVELAND, OF OHIO; THURS- rON THEATRE, IN HILADELPHIA, 'A.; SOUND WEST ALLEG RUM THEATRE, 'JEW YORK, N. Y. WASHINGTON rHEATRE, TORO OOKLYN, N. Y.; SRAND OPERA HO TOWN UNITED THEATRE, 3ROOKLYN, N Y.; NE CAGO, ILL.; MAJESTIC FHEATRE, EL DORADO, DETROIT, MICH.; LA >ORTE THEATRE. -
AWAR Volume 24.Indb
THE AWA REVIEW Volume 24 2011 Published by THE ANTIQUE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION PO Box 421, Bloomfi eld, NY 14469-0421 http://www.antiquewireless.org i Devoted to research and documentation of the history of wireless communications. Antique Wireless Association P.O. Box 421 Bloomfi eld, New York 14469-0421 Founded 1952, Chartered as a non-profi t corporation by the State of New York. http://www.antiquewireless.org THE A.W.A. REVIEW EDITOR Robert P. Murray, Ph.D. Vancouver, BC, Canada ASSOCIATE EDITORS Erich Brueschke, BSEE, MD, KC9ACE David Bart, BA, MBA, KB9YPD FORMER EDITORS Robert M. Morris W2LV, (silent key) William B. Fizette, Ph.D., W2GDB Ludwell A. Sibley, KB2EVN Thomas B. Perera, Ph.D., W1TP Brian C. Belanger, Ph.D. OFFICERS OF THE ANTIQUE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION DIRECTOR: Tom Peterson, Jr. DEPUTY DIRECTOR: Robert Hobday, N2EVG SECRETARY: Dr. William Hopkins, AA2YV TREASURER: Stan Avery, WM3D AWA MUSEUM CURATOR: Bruce Roloson W2BDR 2011 by the Antique Wireless Association ISBN 0-9741994-8-6 Cover image is of Ms. Kathleen Parkin of San Rafael, California, shown as the cover-girl of the Electrical Experimenter, October 1916. She held both a commercial and an amateur license at 16 years of age. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Printed in Canada by Friesens Corporation Altona, MB ii Table of Contents Volume 24, 2011 Foreword ....................................................................... iv The History of Japanese Radio (1925 - 1945) Tadanobu Okabe .................................................................1 Henry Clifford - Telegraph Engineer and Artist Bill Burns ...................................................................... -
Sources of Radio Information (Replaces Letter Circular 513)
JHDtANK Letter 1-6 Circular LC 57^ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON Sources of Radio Information December 16, 1939 I . JHDsANK DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Letter 1-6 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Circular WASHINGTON LC-573 (Replaces Letter Circular 513) Revised to Dec. 16, 1939) SOURCES OF RADIO INFORMATION Contents 1. Periodicals, 2. Books. 3. U . S. Government radio publications. 4. Publications of the International Bureau of the Telecommunication Union, Berne, Switzerland. 5. Radio laws and regulations. 6. Safety rules. 1. Perlddicals . The following is a partial list of periodicals, largely devoted to radio. They are monthly, except where otherwise stated. A num- ber of electrical and general magazines also publish considerable radio information. A classified list of the articles of radio engineering inter- est appearing in periodicals is published each month in the Wireles Engineer, a British magazine listed below. A short abstract of each article Is given. Information on Government radio publications is given in Sections 3 and 5 below, a.. American Periodicals. Bell System Technical Journal. Published by American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 195 Broadway, New York, N.Y. (Technical) ( Quarterly) Communications. Bryan Davis Publishing Co., Inc,, 19 E. 4-7 th St., New York, N.Y, (Technical). , , LC573 —12/16/39. 2 . Electrical Communication, International Standard Electric Corp. 67 Broad Street, New York, N.Y. (Technical). ^ • ^nd St., Electronics. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. , Inc., 33^ New York, N.Y. (Technical). General Radio Experiment 37 '. -Published by General Radio uO, 30 State Street, Cambridge, Mass. (Trade, technical). Philips Technical Review, Fhilips Technical Products, Inc., 4-19 Fourth Ave., New York, N.Y. -
If You Have Adobe Acrobat Reader Installed Click Here for the April
PAGE 1 VOLUME # 44 NUMBER 2 SPARK-GAP TIMES APRIL 2007 Published quarterly - January-April-July-October 3191 DARVANY DR. DALLAS TX 75220-1611 U. S. A. E-mail [email protected] http://www.ootc.us Spark-Gap Times, the official publication of the Old Old Timers Club, 3191 Darvany Dr. Dallas TX75220-1611. Editor, Bert Wells, W5JNK. Ph:214-352-4743 [email protected] PAGE 2 VOLUME # 44 NUMBER 2 SPARK-GAP TIMES APRIL 2007 WE HONOR THESE NEW MEMBERS OF OOTC NAME CALL # REFERRAL, SPONSOR ELMER RICHARD "DICK" NIELSEN K5RN 4452 BOB IRISH K5ZOL #3872 RANDY K. MURRAY W3LF 4453 SECRETARY EARL SWEENEY K4LSB 4454 RONALD TOLLER N4US #3443 GARY L. DOUGLAS KD5VJC 4455 SECRETARY KLAUS-DIETER HANSCHMANN DL8MTG 4456 GÜNTER PESCH DJ2XB #3384 THOMAS D. "TJ" JENKINS WA8VDC 4457 MORT BARDFIELD, W1UQ #3027 ALLAN H. KAPLAN W1AEL 4458 TIMOTHY BRATTON K5RA #4414 ALAN H. NIELSEN K2GRO 4459 SECRETARY R. DAVID "DAVE" FLESH W6IBF 4460 JOE SAUGIER, K6CD #2842 DOUGLAS N. "D-BAR" MARTIN VE3SJE 4461 SECRETARY ROBERT H "BOB" NICHOLAS JR. K5HLZ 4462 W5AJX, DON ZELENKA #3897 ROBERT M. "BOB" ROSIE W7GSV 4463 SECRETARY GORDON L. JONES W5OU 4464 MORT BARDFIELD, W1UQ #3027 ALLEN S "AL" OLDFIELD W9KXI 4465 SECRETARY JOHN K. SHORB W3FSA 4466 SECRETARY DAVID P. "DAVE" BATES W2HLI 4467 SECRETARY Were you licensed at least 25 years ago and licensed now? Then you should belong to the Quarter Century Wireless Association. QCWA PO BOX 3247 FRAMINGHAM MA 01705 PAGE 3 VOLUME # 44 NUMBER 2 SPARK-GAP TIMES APRIL 2007 OOTC OFFICERS CONTENTS PRESIDENT Troy L. -
First Words: the Birth of Sound Cinema
First Words The Birth of Sound Cinema, 1895 – 1929 Wednesday, September 23, 2010 Northwest Film Forum Co-Presented by The Sprocket Society Seattle, WA www.sprocketsociety.org Origins “In the year 1887, the idea occurred to me that it was possible to devise an instrument which should do for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear, and that by a combination of the two all motion and sound could be recorded and reproduced simultaneously. …I believe that in coming years by my own work and that of…others who will doubtlessly enter the field that grand opera can be given at the Metropolitan Opera House at New York [and then shown] without any material change from the original, and with artists and musicians long since dead.” Thomas Edison Foreword to History of the Kinetograph, Kinetoscope and Kineto-Phonograph (1894) by WK.L. Dickson and Antonia Dickson. “My intention is to have such a happy combination of electricity and photography that a man can sit in his own parlor and see reproduced on a screen the forms of the players in an opera produced on a distant stage, and, as he sees their movements, he will hear the sound of their voices as they talk or sing or laugh... [B]efore long it will be possible to apply this system to prize fights and boxing exhibitions. The whole scene with the comments of the spectators, the talk of the seconds, the noise of the blows, and so on will be faithfully transferred.” Thomas Edison Remarks at the private demonstration of the (silent) Kinetoscope prototype The Federation of Women’s Clubs, May 20, 1891 This Evening’s Film Selections All films in this program were originally shot on 35mm, but are shown tonight from 16mm duplicate prints.