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STATE of VERMONT Division for Historic Preservation 1 National Life

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STATE of VERMONT Division for Historic Preservation 1 National Life STATE OF VERMONT SURVEY NUMBER: Division for Historic Preservation (Assigned by VDHP) ☐ 1 National Life Drive, Floor 6 Listed in State Register Date: Montpelier, VT 05602 HISTORIC SITES & STRUCTURES SURVEY Individual Property Survey Form PRESENT FORMAL NAME: Killington K-1 Lodge ORIGINAL FORMAL NAME: Killington Ski Shelter COUNTY: Rutland PRESENT USE: Ski Lodge TOWN: Killington ORIGINAL USE: Ski Lodge ADDRESS: 4563 Killington Road ARCHITECT/ENGINEER: Robert Merrick Smith COMMON NAME: K-1 Lodge BUILDER/CONTRACTOR: Unknown PROPERTY TYPE: Ski lodge DATE BUILT: 1959 (major additions in 1965, c.1985) OWNER: Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation (Agency of Natural Resources) ADDRESS: 1 National Life Drive, Davis 2, Montpelier, VT 05620 ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC: PHYSICAL CONDITION OF STRUCTURE: Yes ☒ No ☐ Restricted ☐ Good ☒ Fair ☐ Poor ☐ LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE: STYLE: Modern Local ☐ State ☒ National ☐ GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Structural System: 1. Foundation: Stone☐ Brick☐ Concrete☒ Concrete Block☒ 2. Wall Structure a. Wood Frame: Post & Beam☒ Plank☐ Balloon☒ Platform☐ b. Load Bearing Masonry: Brick☐ Stone☐ Concrete☐ Concrete Block☐ c. Metal: Iron☐ Steel☐ d. Other: 3. Wall Cladding: Clapboard☐ Board & Batten☒ Wood Shingle☐ Shiplap☐ Novelty☐ Asbestos Shingle☐ Aluminum Siding☐ Asphalt Shingle☐ Vinyl Siding☐ Brick Veneer☐ Stone Veneer☐ Other: Stucco 4. Roof Structure Truss: Wood☒ Iron☐ Steel☐ Concrete☐ Other: 5. Roof Covering: Slate☐ Wood Shingle☐ Asphalt Shingle☐ Sheet Metal☐ Built Up☐ Rolled☐ Tile☐ Standing Seam☒Other: 6. Engineering Structure: 7. Other: Appendages: Porches☒ Towers☐ Cupolas☐ Dormers☐ Chimneys☐ Sheds☒ Ells☒ Wings☒ Bay Window☐ Other: Roof Styles: Gable☒ Hip☐ Shed☒ Flat☒ Mansard☐ Gambrel☐ Jerkinhead☐ Saw Tooth☐ With Monitor☐ With Bellcast☐ With Parapet☐ With False Front☐ Other: Number of Stories: 2.5 Entrance Locations: West end of southwest elevation; center of northeast elevation; west end of northeast elevation; south end of southeast elevation Number of Bays: N/A (irregular) Approximate Dimensions: 110’ x 210’ Criteria for Eligibility: A: Historic☒ B: Person☐C: Architectural☒ D: Archeological☐ Integrity: Location☒ Design☒ Setting☐ Materials☒ Workmanship☒ Feeling☒ Assoc.☒ Areas of Significance: Criterion A: Vermont Tourism, Vermont Ski Industry ADDITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL OR STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION: The Killington K-1 Lodge is a 2.5-story, wood-frame, modernist ski lodge located at the base of Killington Peak at the Killington Resort ski area. Although the building was built in four separate stages, together, the portions create a cohesive lodge building strongly reflective of the growth of the ski industry in Vermont and Killington’s eventual rise as the largest ski area in the state. Most of the building is sheathed in painted, vertical wood siding, although the exposed ground floor (basement) level on the northeast side is sheathed in stucco siding covering the concrete foundation. The building is capped by a standing-seam metal roof, while the trim throughout is done in metal and wood. The original, southwest portion of the current building facing the ski slope was designed in 1959 by Robert Merrick Smith, a landscape architect who worked for the Vermont Department of Forests and Parks. This original portion of the building is marked by a shallow-pitched roof with a broad, southwest gable. The gable contains a large bank of metal-framed windows and widely overhanging eaves with exposed wooden brackets. An entrance is located to the left of the glazing, and a large, wooden deck is built along the southwest elevation. In 1965, the building was doubled in size when an addition, designed by Rutland architect Payson Webber, was built along the northeast side of the original building. This addition features a series of paired, vertical windows resting on metal panels situated within the shallow gable, as well as widely overhanging eaves and exposed wooden brackets. The exposed ground floor level on this elevation contains several windows, a recessed public entrance, several service entrances, and a garage bay. A ticketing area with three windows and a shed roof extends off the west end of this elevation. The ticketing area and public entrance are accessed via concrete steps with wooden railings. Ca. 1987, the K-1 Lodge was expanded again when the Mahogany Ridge addition was built off the eastern side of the building. The Mahogany Ridge addition projects out from the plane of the southwest elevation with a broad gable facing the ski slope glazed with a bank of windows that echoes the gable window design on the original, 1959 portion of the building. The bank of windows continues around the northwest side of the addition, and on the southeast side there is a shallow, cross-gable with a bank of windows jutting out slightly from the building plane. A small, enclosed entrance projects from the southeast side, and this addition features widely-overhanging eaves with exposed wooden brackets. The 1959 block and the Mahogany Ridge addition are connected by two metal beams that form a single, decorative, gable frame, rising from the west slope of the 1959 gabled roof and landing on the west gable of the Mahogany Ridge addition; this design feature was intended to visually unite the building (see photos 1, 2 and 9). Additional modifications to the building were also completed in the late-1980s. Sometime after 1982, a set of paired windows similar to those within the original southwest gable were installed to the right of the southwest entrance (see photo 9). At the eastern end of the building, a two-story, shed-roof addition was constructed which contains expanded seating and service areas on the first floor and mechanical rooms on the ground floor. A sheltered passageway leads underneath this portion of the building between the loading area on the northeast side of the building and an exterior stairway up to the ski slope on the southwest side of the building. Another modification completed in the 1980s was the expansion of the recessed ticket window area with a one-story, shed-roof shelter at the northwest corner of the building. In addition, a new entrance was added to the northwest elevation which is capped by three small gables, the middle of which contains two narrow, rectangular, slanted windows. This entrance slightly projects from the building plane and leads to an interior stairwell; it is accessed via a set of concrete steps with a wooden railing. The rustic wood frame of the original building is partially exposed and visible in the interior in the form of broad wooden columns, beams, and exposed trusses. The interior of the original building retains some of its historic arrangement of spaces: the restrooms are in their original location at the southwest end of the building on both the ground and first floors; the original office (now occupied by Guest Services) is located to the right of the restrooms on the first floor; the kitchen occupies the entire central area of the expanded lodge footprint created by the 1965 addition, with cooking areas on the ground floor and food service areas above on the first floor; the ski shop is located on the ground floor; a stairway links the ground and first floors on the west end of the building; and seating surrounds the central kitchen area on the first floor. In 1975, the interior was modified with the addition of a wooden mezzanine in the central and northeastern portions of the lodge. In response to the need for expanded seating, the mezzanine was constructed in a way that preserves the materials of the lodge’s original framing system. The mezzanine is accessed by an extension of the original stairway on the northwest side of the building, as well as by a second wooden stairway located near where the original building meets the Mahogany Ridge addition. The interior of the Mahogany Ridge addition is slightly recessed from the rest of the first floor and contains a seating area and a bar. RELATED STRUCTURES: (Describe) Although not evaluated as part of this documentation, numerous smaller buildings and structures associated with Killington Resort surround the K-1 Lodge. These include the K-1 Express Gondola and gondola loading house to the north and west of the lodge, both constructed in the late-1990s; the Alpine Training Center, located to the west of the lodge and constructed in 1974; the Snowden triple chairlift and a maintenance shop located to the north of the lodge; and the Roaring Brook Umbrella Bar, located on the other side of the Roaring Brook to the east of the lodge. The Roaring Brook Umbrella Bar was constructed in 2011 following Tropical Storm Irene’s damage to the Superstar Pub addition at the southeast end of the K-1 Lodge. The Superstar Pub, which was constructed in about 1994 off the Mahogany Ridge addition and spanned a portion of the Roaring Brook, was removed in 2011 and the Roaring Brook stream bank it once covered was restored. None of these structures are considered as contributing elements of the Killington K-1 Lodge as they were all constructed less than 50 years ago and are not intrinsically linked to the lodge itself. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Historic and Architectural Context The Killington K-1 Lodge was constructed in 1959 as the first permanent ski lodge at Killington, with additions constructed in 1965, 1975, and 1987. Originally called the Killington Ski Shelter, the building was erected by the Vermont Department of Forests and Parks (today known as the Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation [FPR]) in a partnership with the Sherburne Corporation, a business entity which was established to privately develop a ski area called Killington Basin on Killington Peak. Over the years, Killington Resort has significantly expanded, although the State of Vermont still owns the lodge building as it is located within the boundary of the Calvin Coolidge State Forest. The various companies that have operated Killington Resort over the past 60 years lease the land upon which the lodge, ski trails and ski lifts are located, while most of the commercial and all of the residential development associated with Killington Resort is on adjacent, privately owned land.
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