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763601 - D4.1 Cellular LTE/5G System Concepts to Provide Optimal Support for Both Terrestrial Communications and High Reliability UAS Data Links

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763601 - D4.1 Cellular LTE/5G System Concepts to Provide Optimal Support for Both Terrestrial Communications and High Reliability UAS Data Links EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DroC2om - 763601 - D4.1 Cellular LTE/5G system concepts to provide optimal support for both terrestrial communications and high reliability UAS data links DeliverableID [D4.1] ProjectAcronym DroC2om Grant: 763601 Call: H2020-SESAR-2016-1 Topic: RPAS-05 DataLink Consortium coordinator: AAU Edition date: [28 May 2018] Edition: [01.00] Template Edition: 02.00.00 EDITION [01.00] Authoring & Approval Authors of the document Name/Beneficiary Position/Title Date István Z. Kovács WP4 lead 30/05/2018 Jeroen Wigard Project TM 30/05/2018 Nicolas Van Wambeke WP2 lead 30/05/2018 Rafhael Amorim Contributor 30/05/2018 Reviewers internal to the project Name/Beneficiary Position/Title Date Ulrich Tuerke / atesio WP3 lead 01/05/2018 Matthieu Clergeaud / Thales Contributor 01/05/2018 Approved for submission to the SJU By - Representatives of beneficiaries involved in the project Name/Beneficiary Position/Title Date Troels B. Sørensen Project Coordinator / AAU 29/05/2018 Rejected By - Representatives of beneficiaries involved in the project Name/Beneficiary Position/Title Date 2 DROC2OM - 763601 - D4.1 Cellular LTE/5G system concepts to provide optimal support for both terrestrial communications and high reliability UAS data links Document History Edition Date Status Author Justification 00.10 08/11/2017 DRAFT István Z. K. Slide material moved to D4.1 template; Early ToC 00.20 31/01/2018 DRAFT István Z. K. Add first references, abbreviations, terms. Updated ToC. 00.3x 06/03/2018 DRAFT István Z. K. Start adding content in the LTE/5G architecture sections and evaluation sections 00.40 12/04/2018 DRAFT István Z. K. Re-structure the evaluation and experimental mobility results sections. Add first set of 3GPP results. 00.5x 25/04/2018 DRAFT István Z. K. Finalise reference 3GPP and site-specific Jeroen W. results section. Move 3GPP results to Annex. Add first results with proposed solutions. 00.6x 30/04/2018 DRAFT István Z. K. Add preliminary Abstract and Summary. Jeroen W. Write section on link to WP3. First input to the hybrid access section (moved to Section 2) 00.70 01/05/2018 DRAFT István Z. K. Distributed for internal DroC2om review. Jeroen W. 01.00 28/05/2018 Final István Z. K. Incorporate reviewer’s comments and suggestions. Dissemination level: Public Copyright Statement: © – 2018 – Thales Alenia Space, Aalborg University, Nokia Bell Labs, atesio GmbH. All rights reserved. Licensed to the SESAR Joint Undertaking under conditions. 3 EDITION [01.00] DroC2om DRONE CRITICAL COMMUNICATIONS This technical deliverable is part of a project that has received funding from the SESAR Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 763601 under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 1. Abstract In this Deliverable D4.1 we have provided an extensive analysis of 3GPP LTE terrestrial/cellular network support of UAS DataLink communications. The radio access and radio mobility mechanisms with direct impact on the performance of the UAS DataLink service have been described and evaluated. The UAS DataLink traffic model in these first evaluations was selected to be the 3GPP C2 model, which from radio access point of view requires: 99.9 % reliability within a 50 ms delay budget for transmissions of 1250 Bytes packets every 100 ms. The radio evaluation models and methodology are a direct outcome of the radio measurement and experiments documented in Deliverable D5.1. First, the radio network architecture for 3GPP LTE and 5G NR have been introduced, highlighting the main elements which are to play a key role in the terrestrial cellular network support for DataLink and later also in the integrated hybrid cellular-satellite DataLink solutions. In this Deliverable D4.1 we also started to sketch the first elements of the possible integrated hybrid cellular-satellite DataLink solutions. This activity was mostly based on the state-of-the-art hybrid access techniques specified in the Broadband Forum and a priori knowledge on some of the UAS multilink concepts developed in previous research projects. Due to its modular principles, flexible configurations, and converged core approach, the 5G NR architecture is recommended as baseline for future UAS DataLink communications studies within DroC2om and other similar research projects. Next, we have analysed the baseline radio access and radio mobility performance in typical LTE network deployments, when providing the Command and Control (C2) DataLink service to UAVs. These reference studies have been carried out via numerical simulations in site-specific, rural and urban LTE network scenarios (Fyn and Aalborg, Denmark). Furthermore, in all simulations, also the 1 The opinions expressed herein reflect the author’s view only. Under no circumstances shall the SESAR Joint Undertaking be responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. 4 DROC2OM - 763601 - D4.1 Cellular LTE/5G system concepts to provide optimal support for both terrestrial communications and high reliability UAS data links usual terrestrial users have been taken in consideration and their performance analysed. The results clearly indicate that even in both rural and urban scenarios the downlink network traffic load, which is mostly generated by terrestrial users, is a dominant factor in the performance of the UAS DataLink services. Conversely, the UAS DataLink service can significantly degrade the uplink performance of all users in the network. Under the 3GPP C2 traffic profile, the 99.9 % reliability requirement was shown as being impossible to meet at higher UAV heights higher than 15-20 m, even with very low spatial density of UAVs and in low network traffic load conditions. This result indicates that the Droc2om ‘high’ traffic profile requirements will be even more challenging to meet in practice. However, for Droc2om ‘low’ traffic profile the performances are expected to improve significantly and current LTE networks might be able to provide the communication link for UAS DataLink services. The first experimental results on radio mobility, performed in Urban Aalborg using connectivity provided by two different NMOs (live LTE networks), have been analysed. Like in simulations, these measurements also highlighted the difficulties in providing the 99.9 % reliability level when connected to an LTE network. However, when a dual-LTE connectivity can be used – where the UAV radio modem is always connected to the network with best performance – our theoretical analysis shows that the 3GPP C2 traffic profile requirements could be met. Our recommendation, and plan in Workpackage 4, is to follow up on this study based on more extensive investigations to be carried out in Workpackage 5, and to develop a dual-LTE connectivity framework specifically tailored for UAS DataLink services. The third part of the work focused on the evaluation of downlink and uplink radio interference mitigation mechanisms required to meet the 3GPP C2 traffic profile requirements, in both rural and urban scenarios. Techniques for both user terminal and network side have been explored. The main findings show that UAVs equipped with more advanced LTE modems, including interference cancelling receiver and/or transmit/receive beam switching capabilities, can significantly boost the UAS DataLink performance. We recommend therefore the use of these advanced LTE modems for highly reliable UAS DataLink services. On the network side, several improvements can also be implemented, especially in the area of interference coordination among the radio cells and carrier frequency re-use for UAS DataLink services. Nevertheless, these network upgrades might prove quite costly – in both hardware/software cost and terrestrial subscribers’ radio service performance – for certain MNOs, at least in regions where the density of the expected UAV subscribers is very low. Therefore, we recommend the network upgrades to be introduced in networks where there is high UAV traffic – high revenue for MNO – or when features are needed also for terrestrial user services, e.g. inter-cell interference coordination in dense urban area. In conclusion, the Deliverable D4.1 has addressed, from terrestrial (cellular) radio access point of view, most of the general requirements as outlined in Deliverable D2.1. Several requirements remain to be addressed in upcoming work, in the context of Deliverable D4.3 and in the conjunction with the Workpackage 3 activities. 5 EDITION [01.00] Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 2 Cellular radio networks ............................................................................................ 16 3 DataLink performance evaluation ............................................................................ 25 4 Cellular radio mechanisms for DataLink provisioning ................................................ 47 5 Conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................... 55 6 References ............................................................................................................... 62 Appendix A State-of-the-art cellular radio access – Uu interfaces ............................... 65 Appendix B Performance evaluations in 3GPP Aerial Vehicle scenarios....................... 67 6 DROC2OM - 763601 - D4.1 Cellular LTE/5G system concepts to provide optimal support for both terrestrial communications and high reliability UAS data links List of Tables Table 1:
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