DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing a Regional Economy in the Post Jefferson’S Embargo Ohio Valley

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developing a Regional Economy in the Post Jefferson’S Embargo Ohio Valley VALLEY OF INDUSTRY: DEVELOPING A REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE POST JEFFERSON’S EMBARGO OHIO VALLEY _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by WILLIAM G. LEWIS Dr. Jeffrey L. Pasley, Dissertation Supervisor JULY 2014 © Copyright by William G. Lewis 2014 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled VALLEY OF INDUSTRY: DEVELOPING A REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE POST JEFFERSON’S EMBARGO OHIO VALLEY presented by William G. Lewis, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Jeffrey L. Pasley Professor LeeAnn Whites Professor Robert Smale Professor Jerritt Frank Professor Michael A. Urban To my parents, George and Mandy Lewis. You never gave up on me and none of my achievements would have been possible without your support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my committee chair and advisor, Jeffrey L. Pasley of the University of Missouri who continually believed in me and my work. He took a collection of abstract ideas and helped turn them into the foundation of this dissertation. I also owe a debt of gratitude to my advisor at Western Kentucky University, Andrew McMichael, who taught me how to be a historian. Without his guidance during my undergraduate career this dissertation would not have been possible. I would like to thank my committee members LeeAnn Whites, Robert Smale, Jerritt Frank and Michael A. Urban for donating their time and effort to this project. In particular, I would like to thank LeeAnn Whites for taking a special interest in me and my work. Over the course of the past six years, she fostered considerable growth in my analytical writing skills. Although too numerous to list individually, I would be remiss not to thank the various faculty, staff and fellow graduate students at the University of Missouri and Western Kentucky University who aided and advanced my academic journey which culminated in the completion of this dissertation. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………….ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS……………………………………………………………..iv INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….......1 CHAPTER 1. THE OHIO VALLEY AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD ......................................28 2. PITTSBURGH……………………………………………………………………79 3. MARIETTA ..........................................................................................................169 4. LOUISVILLE .......................................................................................................255 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................321 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................332 VITA ................................................................................................................................362 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Tables and Charts Figure Page 1A. Total Value of U.S. Exports, 1806-1809…………………………………………7 1B. Value of Selected U.S. Exports, 1806-1809……………………………………....7 2. Cotton Mills Erected in New England, 1800-1829……………………………….9 3. Per Capita Consumption of Imported Goods, 1790-1850………………………..9 4. Manufacturing as a % of Total Employment, 1810-1870……………………….10 Maps Figure Page 5. The Northwest Frontier, 1789-1800…………………………………………….30 6. The West, 1783-1789…………………………………………………………...31 iv INTRODUCTION During the early morning hours of May 28, 1754, a company of men from the Virginia Militia under the command of a young lieutenant colonel named George Washington marched through the darkness, rain, and thick brush towards a French encampment near present day Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Sometime near daybreak, accompanied by a small number of Mingo warriors led by the Half-King Tanaghrisson, the company approached their target. Washington expected to find a large French force capable of forcing the British from the Ohio Valley. Instead, Washington found a detachment of French soldiers much smaller than he had anticipated and in a general state of unpreparedness not commensurate with a force ready to strike. As the French soldiers emerged groggy and half asleep from their bark lean-tos, they discovered the British and Indian presence and went for their weapons. Washington ordered his troops to fire and finding themselves outnumbered and outgunned, the Frenchmen soon surrendered. As the commander of the French troops, Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville, lay bleeding and pleading for Washington to believe that he had not planned to attack but merely warn the Englishmen to leave the Ohio Valley, the Mingo Half-King Tanaghrisson approached the fallen Frenchmen. He looked down upon Jumonville and proclaimed “Thou art not dead, my father,” then proceeded to shatter his cranium with a hatchet and wash his hands with the Frenchmen’s brains. This affair is often called the Battle of Jumonville and it marked the start of the French and Indian War.1 1 George Washington, The Diaries of George Washington, Vol. I, 1748-1765, ed. Donald Jackson (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1976), 194-196; John Shaw, “Affidavit of Fred Shaw,” in Colonial Records of South Carolina: Documents Relating to Indian Affairs, 1754-1765, ed. William L. The French and Indian War, which evolved into a worldwide conflict known as the Seven Year’s War, was at its core a battle for the resources of the Ohio Valley. Both the British and the French wanted what nature had placed within the valley and were prepared to kill in order to get it. The preceding story was dramatic and brutal and provides an entry point to discuss the value European powers placed on gaining and maintaining control of the Ohio Valley and its resources. But, it did not mark the beginning or the end of the story. In reality the battle for the resources of the Ohio Valley was actually more subtle than a volley of musket fire against a detachment of unsuspecting French soldiers or a cranium smashing swing of a hatchet by a renegade Mingo Warrior. It is instead a story of economic control maintained through the extraction and manufacture of natural resources such as agricultural produce, timber, mineral deposits and animal skins and furs that went beyond guns and hatchets and even colonial control. The whole story can be found in examination of a colonial economy that existed even after colonial rule ended. The powers of Europe coveted control of the Ohio Valley at first because of the fur trade and later because of its agricultural produce and mineral deposits. Therefore, the battle for the resources of the Ohio Valley started as a quest for fur. According to historian Eric Jay Dolin, ‘the fur trade determined the course of empire” as North America became a battleground where European powers waged war for the right to kill millions of animals for their fur. By the mid-eighteenth century, the Ohio Valley had become the main field of battle for North American fur and the French and British constituted the primary combatants. Both nations viewed sovereignty over the Ohio McDowell Jr. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1970), 4-5; Fred Anderson, Crucible of War: The Seven Years’ War and the Fate of Empire in British North America (New York: Vintage Books, 2000), 5-7. 2 Valley and its natural resources as vital to maintaining control of their North American empires.2 The struggle for the natural resources of the Ohio Valley fits into the mercantilist and imperialist world views of Britain and France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They wanted to establish colonies and extract their natural resources for the home economy. Resources would be taken from the edge or fringes of its empire to enhance the wealth and power of its center. Historian Eric Hindraker calls this relationship “empires of commerce.” In a similar vein, historians John J. McCusker and Russell Menard have posited that the relationship between mother country and colony blurred economic boundaries and created a situation where the colonies’ economic identity was nearly inseparable from that of the colonizer. The work of McCusker and Menard builds upon that of nineteenth century English philosopher and political economist John Stuart Mill who defined colonies as being “outlying agricultural or manufacturing establishments belonging to a larger community” and argued that trade between colony and mother country “is hardly to be considered as external trade, but more resembles the traffic between town and country.” Colonial America and more importantly to this study the Ohio Valley, was as a possession of larger and more powerful nations and devoid of its own economic identity. The economic fate of the Ohio Valley would be determined by whatever nation won the battle over its resources.3 2 Eric Jay Dolan, Fur, Fortune and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010), XV-XVII and 109-112. 3 Eric Hinderaker, Elusive Empires: Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 1-2; John J. McCusker & Russell R. Menard, The Economy of British North America, 1607-1789 (Chapel
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine
    Early Development of Transportation 115 EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ON THE MONONGAHELA RIVER By W. Espy Albig* Although the traffic on the Monongahela River from Brownsville to the Ohio had advanced from the canoe of the Indian and the Kentucky boat of the emigrant of Revolu- tionary times, to a water borne traffic of no mean size in passengers and miscellaneous freight, and to more than a million bushels of coal annually before the Monongahela waterway was improved by the installation of locks and dams late in 1841, yet no records remain of the constantly increasing stream of commerce passing over this route be- tween the east and the west. Here and there remains a fragment from a traveller, a ship builder or a merchant giv- ing a glimpse of the river activity of the later years of the 18th century and the early ones of the 19th century. The Ohio Company early recognized the importance of this waterway, and in 1754 Captain Trent on his way to the forks of the Ohio by Nemacolin's and the Redstone trails, built "The Hangard" at the mouth of Redstone Creek. From April 17th, when he surrendered his works to the French and retreated in canoes up the Monongahela, this avenue became more and more important until the steam railways supplanted the slower traffic by water. The easy navigation of this stream led that man of keen insight, George Washington, into error, when, under date of May 27, 1754, he writes: "This morning Mr. Gist ar- rived from his place, where a detachment of fifty men (French) was seen yesterday.
    [Show full text]
  • The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C
    The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C. Hale Sipe One cannot travel far in Western Pennsylvania with- out passing the sites of Indian towns, Delaware, Shawnee and Seneca mostly, or being reminded of the Pennsylvania Indians by the beautiful names they gave to the mountains, streams and valleys where they roamed. In a future paper the writer will set forth the meaning of the names which the Indians gave to the mountains, valleys and streams of Western Pennsylvania; but the present paper is con- fined to a brief description of the principal Indian towns in the western part of the state. The writer has arranged these Indian towns in alphabetical order, as follows: Allaquippa's Town* This town, named for the Seneca, Queen Allaquippa, stood at the mouth of Chartier's Creek, where McKees Rocks now stands. In the Pennsylvania, Colonial Records, this stream is sometimes called "Allaquippa's River". The name "Allaquippa" means, as nearly as can be determined, "a hat", being likely a corruption of "alloquepi". This In- dian "Queen", who was visited by such noted characters as Conrad Weiser, Celoron and George Washington, had var- ious residences in the vicinity of the "Forks of the Ohio". In fact, there is good reason for thinking that at one time she lived right at the "Forks". When Washington met her while returning from his mission to the French, she was living where McKeesport now stands, having moved up from the Ohio to get farther away from the French. After Washington's surrender at Fort Necessity, July 4th, 1754, she and the other Indian inhabitants of the Ohio Val- ley friendly to the English, were taken to Aughwick, now Shirleysburg, where they were fed by the Colonial Author- ities of Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Industry and Unions Vocabulary: Network Gauge Samual F.B
    Name: ____________________________ Date: ____________________ Mr. Sanchez Review Sheet-Rise of Industry The Rise of Industry and Unions Vocabulary: Network Gauge Samual F.B. Morris (Telegraph) Consolidation Cyrus Field (Transatlantic Cable) Rebate Alexander Gram Bell (Telephone) Pool Thomas Alva Edison (four of his major inventions) George Westinghouse Jan Matzeliger George Pullman Gustavus Swift (Refrigeration) Cornelius Vanderbilt George Eastman (Kodak Camera) Vertical Integration Henry Ford (assembly line) Entrepreneur mass production Corporation Orville and Wilber Wright (airplane) Stock sweatshops Dividends strikebreakers Invest (Investor) anarchists Trust collective bargaining Monopoly injunction Free Enterprise System Knights of Labor (Terence Powderly) John D. Rockefeller Haymarket Riot Andrew Carnegie (Gospel of Wealth) American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers) Bessemer Process International Ladies’ Garment Workers Gospel of Wealth J. Pierpont Morgan Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Standard Oil Company Pullman Strike Sherman Antitrust Act Gauge Captain of Industry Philanthropy Robber Barron Railroads and Industry: 1. Explain why railroads expanded after the Civil War. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe some new improvements to railroads in the late 1800’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Visit All of the Historic Sites and Museums! Ohiohistory.Org
    Visit all of the historic sites and museums! ohiohistory.org ohiohistory.org • 800.686.6124 35. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve Museum/ Historic Buildings Mounds/ Monument/ Natural Area/ Gift Picnicking NORTHEAST Site Name Restrooms Average Visit 6123 State Route 350, Oregonia 45054 • 800.283.8904 v 190910 Visitor Center Open to Public Earthworks Gravesite Trails (miles) Shop (*shelter) Explore North America’s largest ancient hilltop enclosure, built 15. Custer Monument 1 Armstrong Air & Space Museum 2+ hours 2,000 years ago. Explore an on-site museum, recreated American State Route 646 and Chrisman Rd., New Rumley • 866.473.0417 Indian garden, and miles of hiking trails with scenic overlooks. 2 Cedar Bog Nature Preserve 1 2+ hours Visit the site of George Armstrong Custer’s birthplace and see the monument to the young soldier whose "Last Stand" made him a 36. Fort Hill Earthworks & Nature Preserve 3 Cooke-Dorn House 1 1+ hours household name. 13614 Fort Hill Rd., Hillsboro 45133 • 800.283.8905 Visit one of the best-preserved American Indian hilltop enclosures Ohio. of 4 Fallen Timbers Battlefield Memorial Park 1+ hours 16. Fort Laurens in North America and see an impressive variety of bedrock, soils, 11067 Fort Laurens Rd. NW (CR 102), Bolivar 44612 • 800.283.8914 flora and fauna. history fascinating and varied the life to bring help to 5 Fort Amanda Memorial Park 0.25 * 1+ hours Explore the site of Ohio’s only Revolutionary War fort, built in 1778 groups local these with work to proud is Connection 37. Harriet Beecher Stowe House History Ohio The communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Society Notes the Historical Tour in Marietta
    HISTORICAL SOCIETY NOTES THE HISTORICAL TOUR IN MARIETTA Theroads were good, the scenery magnificent, and the weather per- fect for the tenth annual tour of the Historical Society of Western Penn- sylvania and the University of Pittsburgh, in Marietta, Ohio, on Satur- day, July 21, 1951. Marietta, with itsmany points of historic and civicinterest, was the single objective of the pilgrimage, for no attempt was made, as on previ- ous tours, to travel as a motorcade or do any planned "site-seeing" along the way. However, the route recommended to motoring participants, and the one followed by the writerand his party, was south on Route 19 to "Little Washington"; southwest on U. S. 40, the old National Pike, to the outskirts of Wheeling; south to Moundsville (biggest Indian Mound in the U. S. A.");and thence down the south bank of the Ohio. From this point to Marietta the Ohio Valley is almost as lovely as it must have seemed to the forty-eight pioneers in the Rufus Putnam party that left Pittsburgh in the spring of 1788 to found Marietta, first Ameri- can settlement in the Northwest Territory. Gone —after Moundsville— are the mills and mines and railroad yards of the Wheeling and Pitts- burgh areas. Broad and deep and green, the beautiful Ohio sweeps be- tween its wooded hills, cutting through the ancient alluvial plain that lies first on the north bank, then on the south. Here and there, of course, are towns, with occasional light indus- trial plants. Yet everywhere on the shoulders of the river hills and on the level bottom-lands are fertile farms.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the South Side Local Development Company Collection, 1982-2012 ______
    Guide to the South Side Local Development Company Collection, 1982-2012 __________________________________________________________ Collection Overview Title South Side Local Development Company Collection Identifier 2012-1 Creators South Side Local Development Company (SSLDC) Dates 1982-2012 (Bulk) Extent 248.91ft3 Repository Carnegie Library oF Pittsburgh, Southside Branch 2205 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 Language English Standard Convention Description is based on DACS Abstract The South Side Local Development Company (SSLDC) is a South Side community-based non-proFit corporation. This collection contains grant materials, reports, meeting minutes, project planning papers, correspondence, urban planning drawings, and photographs pertaining to the organization’s operations in its 30- year run between 1982 and 2012. ______________________________________________________________________________ Administrative InFormation Acquisition Information The South Side Local Development Company donated this collection to the South Side Branch oF the Carnegie Public Library in 2012. Access and Use Restrictions There are no use restrictions. The collection is open For research upon request. Copyright Information Copyright For some materials has not been given to the Carnegie Public Library, which is the physical owner oF the materials. Permission granted by the library to use the materials does not 1 necessarily imply permission oF the copyright holder. Copyright restrictions also apply to digital representations oF original physical materials.
    [Show full text]
  • By Robert A. Jockers D.D.S
    By Robert A. Jockers D.D.S. erhaps the most significant factor in the settlement of identify the original settlers, where they came from, and Western Pennsylvania was an intangible energy known as specifically when and where they settled. In doing so it was the "Westward Movement.' The intertwined desires for necessary to detail the complexity of the settlement process, as well economic, political, and religious freedoms created a powerful as the political, economic, and social environment that existed sociological force that stimulated the formation of new and ever- during that time frame. changing frontiers. Despite the dynamics of this force, the In spite of the fact that Moon Township was not incorporated settlement of "Old Moon Township" - for this article meaning as a governmental entity within Allegheny County, Pa., until 1788, contemporary Moon Township and Coraopolis Borough - was numerous events of historical significance occurred during the neither an orderly nor a continuous process. Due in part to the initial settlement period and in the years prior to its incorporation. area's remote location on the English frontier, settlement was "Old Moon Township" included the settlement of the 66 original delayed. Political and legal controversy clouded the ownership of land grants that comprise today's Moon Township and the four its land. Transient squatters and land speculators impeded its that make up Coraopolis. This is a specific case study but is also a growth, and hostile Indian incursions during the American primer on the research of regional settlement patterns. Revolution brought about its demise. Of course, these lands were being contested in the 1770s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Career of Harman Blennerhassett Author(S): J
    The Career of Harman Blennerhassett Author(s): J. E. Fuller Source: Kerry Archaeological Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 17 (Oct., 1916), pp. 16-41 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30059729 Accessed: 27-06-2016 10:59 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Kerry Archaeological Magazine This content downloaded from 130.63.180.147 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 10:59:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RESIDENCE OF HARMAN BLENNERHASSETT. This content downloaded from 130.63.180.147 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 10:59:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Career of Harman Blennerhassett. DO not know that the chequered life of the subject of this memoir has ever been fully chronicled in this country, though exhaustive details can be gleaned from American publications.1 The stor y ought to be of great interest to Kerry- men; for not only was he a scion of "the Kingdom," but related to all the leading families in the county. He J was the younger son of Conway Blenner- .
    [Show full text]
  • Fictions of Philanthropy in the Americas A
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ Doing Good, Behaving Badly: Fictions of Philanthropy in the Americas A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in LITERATURE with designated emphases in CRITICAL RACE AND ETHNIC STUDIES and LATIN AMERICAN AND LATINX STUDIES by Sarah Papazoglakis June 2018 The Dissertation of Sarah Papazoglakis is approved: ______________________________ Professor Susan Gillman, chair ______________________________ Professor Christine Hong, chair ______________________________ Professor Kirsten Silva-Gruesz ______________________________ Professor Eric Porter ______________________________ Professor Cecilia Rivas __________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Sarah Papazoglakis 2018 Table of Contents Abstract................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. vi Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Funding Insurgency: Black Feminist Counternarratives of American Philanthropy .. 26 Chapter 2: “Aggressive Altruism” in the Global Ghetto: Black and Guatemalan Critiques of U.S. Racial Capitalism .................................................................................................... 73 Chapter 3: Afterlives of Sentimentality:
    [Show full text]
  • Grade Eight Art Alignment and Resources
    GRADE EIGHT ART ALIGNMENT AND RESOURCES Ohio Department of Education: http://www.ode.state.oh.us/academic_content_standards/acsarts.asp ART INDICATORS Historical, Cultural and Social Contexts 1 Explain how social, cultural and political factors affect what artists, architects or designers create 2 Discuss the role and function of art objects (e.g., furniture, tableware, jewelry and pottery) within cultures. 3 Identify artworks that make a social or political comment and explain the messages they convey. Analyzing and Responding 1 Observe a selected work of art and explain how the artist’s choice of media relate to the ideas and images of the work. 3 Explain how personal experience influences their opinions of artworks. Connections, Relationships and Applications 1 Demonstrate different visual forms of representation for the same topic or theme (e.g., expressive, graphic and scientific). 3 Collaborate (e.g., with peers or a community artist) to create a thematic work that incorporates visual art. 4 Identify how aspects of culture influence ritual and social artwork. INTERNET RESOURCES • Ohio Artists: 4 Ohio History.org: http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/audiovis/exhibit/artists/ 4 Capital University Schumacher Gallery - Ohio Artist Collection: http://www.capital.edu/schumacher/permanent/collection.cfm?c=2 4 Information on some Ohio’s Visual Artists: http://ohiobio.org/visual.htm 4 George Wesley Bellows: Online images from the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco: http://search.famsf.org:8080/search.shtml?artist=bellows 4 Howard Chandler Christy: http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/Christy/Christyonline/home.html http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/christy_howard_chandler.html 4 Henry F.
    [Show full text]
  • A HISTORY of BELPRE Washington County, Ohio
    A HISTORY OF BELPRE Washington County, Ohio -By- C. E. DICKINSON, D. D. Formerly Pastor of Congregational Church Author of the History of the First Congregational Church Marietta, Ohio PUBUIBHID FOR THB AUTHOR BY GLOBE PRINTING & BINDING COMPANY PARKRRSBURG. WEST VIRGINIA Copyrighted in 1920 by C. E. DICKINSON DEDICATED To the Belpre Historical Society with the hope that it will increase its efficiency and keep alive the interest of the people in the prosperity of their own community. FOREWORD The history of a township bears a similar relation to the history of a nation that the biography of an indi­ vidual bears to the record of human affairs. Occasionally an individual accomplishes a work which becomes an essential and abiding influence in the history of the world. Such persons however are rare, although a considerable number represent events which are important in the minds of relatives and friends. The story of only a few townships represents great historic events, but ac­ counts of the transactions in many localities are of im­ portance to the present and future residents of the place. Belpre township is only a small spot on the map of Ohio and a smaller speck on the map of the United* States. Neither is this locality celebrated for the transaction of many events of world-wide importance; at the same time the early history of Belpre exerted an influence on the well being of the State which makes an interesting stqpy for the descendants of the pioneers and other residents of the township. Within a very few months of the arrival of the first settlers at Mariettapfchey began to look for the most favorable places to locate jtheir homes.
    [Show full text]
  • 213 the Ten Horns of Daniel 7:7 – George Washington and the Start of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) / Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), Part 1
    #213 The Ten Horns of Daniel 7:7 – George Washington and the start of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) / Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), part 1 Key Understanding: Why George Washington was the key person at the start of the French and Indian War. The Lord ordained that George Washington, the man born at Popes Creek Plantation in Virginia, be the key person at the very start of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) / Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), thus fully connecting (a) Daniel 7:7 and the rise of the Ten Horns with (b) Daniel 7:8 and the rise of the Revolutionary War ‘Little Horn’ Fifth Beast. George Washington and the French and Indian War. Here is the story of George Washington and the start of what developed into what Winston Churchill called the “first world war.” [Remember, Virginian George Washington would have been considered to be fighting for Great Britain at that time, for this was a generation before the Revolutionary War.] Territorial rivalries between Britain and France for the Ohio River Valley had grown stronger as the two countries’ settlements expanded. The French claimed the region as theirs, but the Iroquois Indians had begun to permit some British settlements in the region. In 1753, the French, who feared the loss of the Ohio country’s fur trade, tried to strengthen their claim to the area by building a chain of forts along the Allegheny River in Pennsylvania, at the eastern end of the Ohio River Valley. The British colony of Virginia also claimed the land along the Allegheny.
    [Show full text]