CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Invisible Hands: Eleven Million a Graduate Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of
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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Invisible Hands: Eleven Million A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Art, Visual Arts By Hedy V. Torres Cardenas May 2018 The graduate project of Hedy V. Torres Cardenas is approved: _______________________________ ________________ Forcum, Tim M.F.A Date _______________________________ _______________ Ontiveros, Mario Ph.D. Date _______________________________ ______________ Fields, Samantha M.F.A, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Dedication Thank God for giving me the determination and strength in pursuing a better life far from home. I want to dedicate my accomplishments in obtaining a Master Degree in Art to my father, mother, four siblings, my grandparents, volunteers who participated in my art research, Invisible Hands: Eleven Million, friends and family whom are undocumented immigrants in the United States, my mentors, and every person who has motivated and challenged me during this odyssey. iii Table of Contents Signature Page ii Dedication iii List of Figures v Abstract vi Introduction 1 Project Description 4 Form/Process/Technique 6 Research Analysis/ Historical Contextualization 8 The Red Wall 17 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 25 Appendices: Interviews 27 iv List of Figures 1.1 Being Sick is Not an Option 10 1.2 “Sometimes, I feel that everything is against me” 12 1.3 “I feel very blessed to live in America” 14 1.4 One Of 15 1.5 Eleven Million Video 16 1.6 Erasing the Border, Fernandez, Ana Teresa 2013 19 1.7 Credit: Lubesky, Emmanuel (LACMA). 20 1.8 No Splash, Gomez, Ramiro, 2014 21 1.9 Credit: Francis Peters, John / NYT via Redux (Schwartz). 22 v ABSTRACT Invisible Hands: Eleven Million By Hedy V. Torres Cardenas Masters of Arts in Art, Visual Arts As an immigrant, I am often asked about my nationality because of my accent and physical appearance. Perhaps this should not be relevant anymore in Los Angeles, a city with a highly diverse population. However, the American notion of “Mexican” is often rife with misperceptions. Not all Mexican immigrants are undocumented, even though this is often assumed. Not all Spanish speakers are Mexican; Spanish is spoken in many countries. My latest work focuses on people alienated due to these, and other, assumptions. Through my work, I hope to break through the prejudices and stereotypes to acknowledge the existence of these individuals. The hard work of natural born citizens, new immigrants, and undocumented people, make this country the place where people from other countries around the world can come and pursue a better life. Invisible Hands: Eleven Million is a project including three mediums: paintings, drawings, and time-lapse videos. The project, which elevates and commemorates undocumented immigrants living in Los Angeles, is primarily composed of DACA recipients. The portraits are made in various media including oil on canvas, charcoal on vi paper, and digital drawings. The time-lapse videos were drawn during in-person interviews. First, I met with my prospective subjects in their favorite spot or coffee shop, to put them at ease. We then talked casually while I digitally sketched their portrait, and after, we started our interview. The portraits are painted in monochromatic gray scale, putting the subjects in limbo. In my work, gray serves as an unemotional, neutral, indecisive color that depicts isolation. Undocumented people are often isolated, threatened, and segregated due to their immigration status. The lack of color is used to break up the barriers that our society faces in respect to racial issues. Not giving color to my portraits makes it easy to avoid labeling, stereotyping, or categorizing them into a specific ethnicity. The drawings on paper are dedicated exclusively to DACA recipients. The drawings are intentionally erased and unfinished in areas to reflect their uncertain present and future. The multimedia time-lapse drawings are also dedicated to DACA students. The videos show the process of creating a portrait, the finished drawing, then the drawing fading out. While the image of the individual is created and erased, the voice of the subject telling their story plays. The videos are a metaphoric reflection of how immigrants and DACA recipients have been threatened in our society denying recognition, the right to a higher education and legal status in our country. The Red Wall installation strives to replicate the experience of crossing the United States-Mexico border. The red color refers to the ruling political party and the power it has to oppress minorities. Red also serves as representation of the blood shed from undocumented immigrants who lost their life during the odyssey to reach for the American Dream. vii In general, my work primarily addresses the lack of representation undocumented people hold in this country. viii Introduction It was 4:34 a.m. and the alarm interrupted my sleep. I noticed my mom was sleeping and the alarm did not disturb her dreams. I was worried about my family sleeping in the house, as the night before, two women were killed four blocks away from my home. The news said two men had entered a house and opened fire, killing both women. Unfortunately, the authorities could not find the suspects, leaving the crime unsolved. According to The Congressional Research Serviced, “The Mexican government no longer estimates organized-crime related homicides, some independent analysts have claimed that murders linked to organized crime may have exceeded 100,000 since 2006, when President Calderón began his campaign against the Drug Trafficking Organizations” (Beittel). Though the cause of the crime was not known, it is highly possible that it was caused by interaction with the drug cartels. I opened the window to find where the sirens were coming from, but I could not see anything. My mom had woken up by the time I went back to bed and told me everything was okay. Two hours later, she woke me up to get ready and leave home. I had a 9:30 a.m. bus departure to the Guadalajara Airport, followed by a flight to Tijuana and a final bus ride to Los Angeles. Every year before my departures from Mexico to the United States, I always visit my grandmother to receive her blessing. I was raised Catholic and feel that her blessings protect me like an impenetrable bubble of steel. Saying our goodbyes is always bittersweet. I say: los veo pronto (see you soon) to my parents and siblings because I like to leave them with hope before embarking on my journey back to the States. My only consuelo (comfort) is seeing their social media posts and incoming Whatsapp messages. 1 These interactions on screen curb the longing of Mexico and my family, but the nostalgia fades away when I engage in my busy routine in the United States. I try to visit my family in Colima, a tiny state located in the southwest of Mexico, every December. Going back to United States gets harder every January. It feels that I leave a piece of me in Colima. I feel displaced, like I do not belong there and I do not belong to U.S. I do not want to return and live permanently in Mexico because art education receives little to no support. When I was about to finish my undergraduate education at California State University, Northridge, I started looking for Masters Programs in universities around Mexico to be closer to family; unfortunately, I could not find programs in any university in the country. In Mexico there are no programs that would prepare educators to teach art; in fact, there no a plan for a teacher to follow, and it is up to the educator to teach art or improvise art-teaching strategies (Villareal). Mexico is a country filled with internal problems caused by the drug cartels, which have corrupted individuals and branches of government. Cartels are at war with each other across neighborhoods and states. It terrifies me when I realize I cannot keep my family safe and away from the dangers of unresolved crimes inflicted by the government and cartels. U.S.News published that my home state Colima is one of the five places to avoid visiting due to higher level of potential danger (Stevenson). I cannot deny that this information is true since I myself have experienced this danger during my visits. The lack of protection, government authority and leadership are some of the reasons people migrate to safer places. In the past, I myself have come face-to-face with immigration officials, and I have friends and family that have been threatened because of their unresolved status here in the 2 United States. For instance, some of them have faced deportation, others have lost their jobs while others are free to live where they would like. Still, they have to show proof of this “freedom” with a series of digits that grant them the right. However, there are others that have to be here because their lives would be at risk if they go back to their country of origin or just because they need to support their family economically. In my research, I have found that minorities are being treated with less respect than they should. In my experience, a lack of love, empathy and tolerance are absent regarding immigration policies in the United States, which has criminalized unauthorized immigration. 3 Project Description Invisible Hands: Eleven Million is a project including four series: paintings, drawings, time-lapse videos, and the Red Wall, some of which will be exhibited in the 2018 Graduate exhibition at California State University, Northridge. The project was born in the streets working as an Uber driver and getting to know the struggles of many undocumented people in Los Angeles.