Pesticides and You News from Beyond Pesticides: Protecting Health and the Environment with Science, Policy & Action Volume 34, Number 1 Spring 2014
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Great Barrington Pollinator Action Plan Connecting Habitat & Community
Great Barrington Pollinator Action Plan Connecting Habitat & Community The Great Barrington Pollinator Action Plan is an educational toolkit for identifying, prioritizing, and implementing pollinator habitat on sites across Great Barrington. While its analyses are specific to the town, its recommendations are broad enough to be used almost anywhere in the northeast United States. Anyone with access to a piece of land or sidewalk strip can use this plan. Through a collaborative effort, reaching across experiences, social strata, and ecosystems, the citizens of Great Barrington hope to establish a thriving, diverse, pollinator-friendly network, and inspire other communities to do so, too. Winter 2018 Evan Abramson • Elan Bills • Renee Ruhl Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 History & Context 6 Why Pollinators? 9 Environmental Conditions 22 Local Views 31 Opportunities in Great Barrington 33 Considerations in Planning a Pollinator Network 55 Toolkit 58 Resources 78 References 82 body Virginia Fringetree, Chionanthus virginicus (top) and the endangered rusty-patched bumble bee, Bombus affinis (bottom). Photographs courtesy Helen Lowe Metzman and USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab. 2 POLLINATOR ACTION PLAN Executive Summary: Life as We Know It Our responsibility is to species, not to specimens; to commu- Threats are also present: among them, the potential for nities, not to individuals. continued expansion of human development into the intact natural spaces that pollinators need. Pesticide use, —Sara Stein, Noah’s Garden particularly in large scale agriculture, is decimating pol- There is a worldwide phenomenon taking place, and it linator communities. Global climate change has shown to affects every element of life as we know it. -
Fluoride (Developmental Neurotoxicity and Endocrine Disruption)
Bill Osmunson DDS, MPH November 6, 2015 [email protected] Dr. Kristina Thayer Director, Office of Health Assessment and Translation National Toxicology Program Email: [email protected] (1) DATA ON CURRENT PRODUCTION, USE PATTERNS, AND HUMAN EXPOSURE A. The FDA approved fluoride toothpaste caution, “Do Not Swallow.” No safe dosage or amount is stated. “Do Not Swallow” is simple to understand. Use a pea or smear size and if more than used for brushing is swallowed, contact the poison control center. A quarter milligram of fluoride is in a pea size of fluoride toothpaste, the same amount found in each 11 oz glass of 0.7 ppm fluoridated public water. Fluoridated water is dispensed to everyone without regards for other fluoride exposures, individual consent, health, or sensitivity. The only safe amount of fluoride is, “Do Not Swallow.” Swallowing fluoride is not safe, however, many children swallow their toothpaste due to taste and the swallow reflex is part of the spitting action. B. Fluoridated water is the primary source of fluoride for many people. Fluoridated toothpaste is considered the second primary source and for some is more than fluoridated water. Other significant sources of fluoride include bone meal, mechanically deboned meat, grape products with cryolite, several legend drugs and sulfuryl fluoride, a post harvest fumigant. C. The FDA sent a letter to about 35 fluoride supplement manufacturers, “. there is no substantial evidence of drug effectiveness as prescribed, recommended or suggested in its labeling. .” (Drug Therapy -
Residual Fluoride in Food Fumigated with Sulfuryl Fluoride
Fluoride 2005;38(3):175–177 Editorial 175 RESIDUAL FLUORIDE IN FOOD FUMIGATED WITH SULFURYL FLUORIDE SUMMARY: New US federal allowances for inorganic fluoride residues in food fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride are excessively high and are at levels known to cause serious adverse health effects, including crippling skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride in food has long been recognized as a potential source of adverse health effects including dental fluorosis, bone and joint defects, gastrointestinal disturbances, and muscular-neurological disorders,1-2 plus even crippling skeletal fluorosis.3 In China, food contaminated by fluoride (F) from unvented coal burning used to dry and preserve grains and other crops is an important source of F intake,4 and F levels from such exposure ranging from 18 to 87 ppm in corn and 114 to 1109 ppm in chili have been reported.5 In these coal-burning F-endemic areas, even with very little F in the drinking water, the total daily F intake by affected adults has been estimated to be between 6.12 and 9.65 mg, with the major contribution coming from food.5 By contrast, in non-endemic areas, daily F intake was estimated to be only 0.8 mg/day.5 Therefore, any appreciable increase in F intake resulting from commercial food fumigation procedures can only be viewed with grave concern. In place of methyl bromide as an insecticide fumigant because of its upper atmosphere ozone depleting ability, a number of substitutes are already in use with varying results. For example, various combinations of phosphine (PH3) and carbon dioxide have been fairly successful for food as well as general fumigation, although equipment corrosion from phosphine and insect resistance to it are among its drawbacks. -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US009853326B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,853 , 326 B2 Tokuda et al. ( 45 ) Date of Patent: Dec. 26 , 2017 ( 54 ) NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE FOR (58 ) Field of Classification Search SECONDARY BATTERY AND CPC .. .. HO1M 10 /0569 ; HOTM 10 /0567 ; HOLM NONAQUEOUS - ELECTROLYTE 10 /0525 ; HOTM 4 /587 ; HOTM 4 / 134 ; SECONDARY BATTERY EMPLOYING THE HO1M 2300 /0025 ; YO2E 60 / 122 SAME See application file for complete search history . References Cited ( 71 ) Applicant: MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL (56 ) CORPORATION , Chiyoda- ku ( JP ) U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS 5 ,580 ,684 A 12 / 1996 Yokoyama et al . (72 ) Inventors : Hiroyuki Tokuda, Ibaraki ( JP ) ; 5 , 754 , 393 A 5 / 1998 Hiratsuka et al. Minoru Kotato , Ibaraki ( JP ) ; Masahiro 6 ,001 , 325 A 12 / 1999 Salmon et al. Takehara , Ibaraki ( JP ) ; Shinichi 6 ,033 , 808 A 3 / 2000 Salmon et al. Kinoshita , Ibaraki ( JP ) 6 , 436, 582 B1 8 / 2002 Hamamoto et al. 6 , 919, 145 B1 7 / 2005 Kotato et al . 2001/ 0044051 AL 11/ 2001 Hamamoto et al. ( 73 ) Assignee : MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL 2002 / 0192564 Al 12 /2002 Ota et al. CORPORATION , Chiyoda -ku ( JP ) 2004 / 0048164 Al 3 /2004 Jung et al . 2004 / 0091786 A1 5 / 2004 Unoki et al. 2004 / 0191636 A1 9 / 2004 Kida et al . ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this 2005 / 0008939 A1 1 / 2005 Ota et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2005 /0014071 A1 1 / 2005 Noda et al. U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 412 days. 2005 / 0084765 A1 4 / 2005 Lee et al . 2005 / 0118512 Al 6 / 2005 Onuki et al . -
Bees, Lies and Evidence-Based Policy
WORLD VIEW A personal take on events Bees, lies and evidence-based policy Misinformation forms an inevitable part of public debate, but scientists should always focus on informing the decision-makers, advises Lynn Dicks. aving bees is a fashionable cause. Bees are under pressure from in the UK farming press is that, without them, UK wheat yields could disease and habitat loss, but another insidious threat has come to decline by up to 20%. This is a disingenuous interpretation of an indus- the fore recently. Concern in conservation and scientific circles try-funded report, and the EU is not proposing to ban neonicotinoid Sover a group of agricultural insecticides has now reached the policy use in wheat anyway, because wheat is not a crop attractive to bees. arena. Next week, an expert committee of the European Union (EU) As a scientist involved in this debate, I find this misinformation will vote on a proposed two-year ban on some uses of clothianidin, deeply frustrating. Yet I also see that lies and exaggeration on both thiamethoxam and imidacloprid. These are neonicotinoids, systemic sides are a necessary part of the democratic process to trigger rapid insecticides carried inside plant tissues. Although they protect leaves policy change. It is simply impossible to interest millions of members of and stems from attack by aphids and other pests, they have subtle toxic the public, or the farming press, with carefully reasoned explanations. effects on bees, substantially reducing their foraging efficiency and And politicians respond to public opinion much more readily than ability to raise young. -
Sound Management of Pesticides and Diagnosis and Treatment Of
* Revision of the“IPCS - Multilevel Course on the Safe Use of Pesticides and on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Presticide Poisoning, 1994” © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgement Part I. Overview 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 2. Overview of the resource tool 2.1 Moduledescription 2.2 Training levels 2.3 Visual aids 2.4 Informationsources 3. Using the resource tool 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Training trainers 3.2.1 Organizational aspects 3.2.2 Coordinator’s preparation 3.2.3 Selection of participants 3.2.4 Before training trainers 3.2.5 Specimen module 3.3 Trainers 3.3.1 Trainer preparation 3.3.2 Selection of participants 3.3.3 Organizational aspects 3.3.4 Before a course 4. -
California Restricted Materials Requirements (English)
CALIFORNIA RESTRICTED MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS FEDERAL RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE A (Included by reference as California Restricted Materials) DUE TO (reason for restricted use classification) Pesticides display the RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE (RUP) statement on For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators or the pesticide container similar to the statement shown here. RUPs require an persons under their direct supervision and only for those RUP statement enclosed in a box, at the top of the front panel of the label. uses covered by the Certified Applicator's certification. Some product labels require a Certified Applicator be “physically present” at the use site. B CALIFORNIA RESTRICTED MATERIALS This section is written in a quick reference format; refer to Title 3, California Code of Regulations (3 CCR) section 6400 for complete text. Acrolein, labeled for use as an aquatic Chlorpyrifos, labeled for the Metam sodium, labeled for the Potassium n-methyldithiocarbamate herbicide production of an agricultural production of agricultural plant (metam-potassium), labeled for the Aldicarb – unregistered commodity commodities production of agricultural plant All dust (except products containing Dazomet, labeled for the production Methamidophos – unregistered commodities only exempt pesticides)** of agricultural plant commodities Methidathion Propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide) Aluminum phosphide Dicamba* Methomyl†† Sodium cyanide Any pesticide containing active 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Methyl bromide Sodium -
Re-Imagining Agriculture Department, 269-932-7004
from the President Engage! ngage—my simple chal- Providing the world of 2050 with ample safe and nutri- lenge to you this year is to tious food under the ever-increasing pressures of climate make a mark where you change, water limitations, and population growth will be a E are. ASABE is comprised monumental challenge that requires engagement of ASABE of outstanding engineers and scien- members with their colleagues and thought leaders from tists who are helping the world with around the world. Inside this issue, you will find perspectives their work. Whether you are design- on the topic by contributors ranging from farmers to futurists. ing a part to make precision agri- The challenges of food security are daunting, but I can think culture more effective, evaluating of no other profession that’s better equipped or better quali- the kinetics of cell growth to better fied to tackle them. I hope you are as inspired as I am by understand a biological process, these articles. exploring ways to extend knowl- As I close, I would like to thank Donna Hull, ASABE’s edge on grain storage to partners recently retired Director of Publications. For 34 years, around the world, or working in another of the many areas that Donna worked to enhance our publications, from Resource ASABE represents on equally important tasks, you are making to our refereed journals. These publications are a key part of an impact. As an ASABE member, you also have an opportu- our communication to the world, and their quality reflects nity to help make your Society as strong as it can be. -
Insect Declines in the Anthropocene
EN65CH23_Wagner ARjats.cls December 19, 2019 12:24 Annual Review of Entomology Insect Declines in the Anthropocene David L. Wagner Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2020. 65:457–80 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on insect decline, agricultural intensi!cation, climate change, drought, October 14, 2019 precipitation extremes, bees, pollinator decline, vertebrate insectivores The Annual Review of Entomology is online at ento.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019- Insect declines are being reported worldwide for "ying, ground, and aquatic 025151 lineages. Most reports come from western and northern Europe, where the Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. insect fauna is well-studied and there are considerable demographic data for All rights reserved many taxonomically disparate lineages. Additional cases of faunal losses have been noted from Asia, North America, the Arctic, the Neotropics, and else- where. While this review addresses both species loss and population declines, its emphasis is on the latter. Declines of abundant species can be especially worrisome, given that they anchor trophic interactions and shoulder many Access provided by 73.198.242.105 on 01/29/20. For personal use only. of the essential ecosystem services of their respective communities. A review of the factors believed to be responsible for observed collapses and those Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2020.65:457-480. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org perceived to be especially threatening to insects form the core of this treat- ment. In addition to widely recognized threats to insect biodiversity, e.g., habitat destruction, agricultural intensi!cation (including pesticide use), cli- mate change, and invasive species, this assessment highlights a few less com- monly considered factors such as atmospheric nitri!cation from the burning of fossil fuels and the effects of droughts and changing precipitation patterns. -
Time-Delayed Biodiversity Feedbacks and the Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/112730; this version posted March 1, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Time-delayed biodiversity feedbacks and the sustainability of social-ecological systems A.-S. Lafuitea,∗, M. Loreaua aCentre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France Abstract The sustainability of coupled social-ecological systems (SESs) hinges on their long-term ecological dynamics. Land conversion generates extinction and functioning debts, i.e. a time-delayed loss of species and associated ecosystem services. Sustainability theory, however, has not so far considered the long-term consequences of these ecological debts on SESs. We investigate this question using a dynamical model that couples human demography, technological change and biodiversity. Human population growth drives land conversion, which in turn reduces biodiversity-dependent ecosystem services to agricultural production (ecological feedback). Technological change brings about a demographic transition leading to a population equilibrium. When the ecological feedback is delayed in time, some SESs experience population overshoots followed by large reductions in biodiversity, human population size and well-being, which we call environmental crises. Using a sustainability criterion that captures the vulnerability of an SES to such crises, we show that some of the characteristics common to modern SESs (e.g. high production efficiency and labor intensity, concave- down ecological relationships) are detrimental to their long-term sustainability. -
The Effect of Climate Change on Pollinators and the Implications for Global Agriculture
The Effect of Climate Change on Pollinators and the Implications for Global Agriculture A Case Study in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon Anna Young Yale College ‘16 Senior Essay in Environmental Studies Advisor: Jeffrey Park April 2016 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Importance of pollinators for global agriculture .............................................................. 5 The effect of climate change on plant-pollinator networks ............................................. 8 II. Methods ............................................................................................................................... 16 Study Site ....................................................................................................................... 16 Analysis of climate data ................................................................................................. 18 Plant and pollinator data collection ................................................................................ 19 Calculation of estimates for flowering phenology ......................................................... 23 Analysis of flowering phenology ................................................................................... 26 Analysis of pollinator phenology -
Safeguarding Pollinators and Their Values to Human Well-Being Simon G
REVIEW doi:10.1038/nature20588 Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being Simon G. Potts1, Vera Imperatriz-Fonseca2, Hien T. Ngo3, Marcelo A. Aizen4, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer5,6, Thomas D. Breeze1, Lynn V. Dicks7, Lucas A. Garibaldi8, Rosemary Hill9, Josef Settele10,11 & Adam J. Vanbergen12 Wild and managed pollinators provide a wide range of benefits to society in terms of contributions to food security, farmer and beekeeper livelihoods, social and cultural values, as well as the maintenance of wider biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Pollinators face numerous threats, including changes in land-use and management intensity, climate change, pesticides and genetically modified crops, pollinator management and pathogens, and invasive alien species. There are well-documented declines in some wild and managed pollinators in several regions of the world. However, many effective policy and management responses can be implemented to safeguard pollinators and sustain pollination services. ollinators are inextricably linked to human well-being through Diversity of values of pollinators and pollination the maintenance of ecosystem health and function, wild plant Pollinators provide numerous benefits to humans, such as securing a relia- Preproduction, crop production and food security. Pollination, ble and diverse seed and fruit supply, sustaining populations of wild plants the transfer of pollen between the male and female parts of flowers that underpin biodiversity and ecosystem function, producing honey and that enables fertilization and reproduction, can be achieved by wind other beekeeping products, and supporting cultural values. Much of the and water, but the majority of the global cultivated and wild plants recent international focus on pollination services has been on the benefits depend on pollination by animals.