A New Approach to Imaging Also Inside: Microdisk Lasers on Silicon

June 2010 Vol. 24, No. 3 www.PhotonicsSociety.org

NEWS

A New Approach to Imaging

Also inside: Microdisk Lasers on Silicon for High-Speed Switching

Cover Image: “Serial Time-Encoded Amplified Microscopy (STEAM) – A New Approach to Imaging and its Application to Real-time High-Speed Microscopy” page 11. NEWS June 2010 Volume 24, Number 3

COLUMNS Editor’s Column ...... 2 President’s Column ...... 4

5 Research Highlights SOI WaveguideEpitaxial Growth of InP Bond InP on SOI “Microdisk Lasers Heterogeneously Integrated on Silicon for Low-Power, High-Speed Optical Switching” �� 5 Polymer Deposition + Lithography + Etching InP Disk Etching Contact Via’s Metallization G. Morthier, R. Kumar, P. Méchet, T. Spuessens, L. Liu, K. Huybrechts, G. Roelkens, J. Van Campenhout, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets “Time-Stretch Imaging and its Applications to Microdisk Lasers. High-throughput Microscopy and Microsurgery” �� 11 Bahram Jalali, Keisuke Goda, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Kevin K. Tsia

DEPARTMENTS Careers. �� 16 12 • 2010 Quantum Electronics Award recipient: Masataka Nakazawa

Amplified Time-Stretch Fourier T r ansform • 2010-2011 Distinguished Lecturers Optical Image Serialization and Amplification Single-Pixel Real-Time Photodetector Oscilloscope Calls for Nominations �� 20

Dispersive Fiber Membership �� 22 Spatial Disperser • Singapore Student Chapter is Established Optical In Out Circulator Broadband Sample • Los Angeles Chapter Activates Local Photonic Researchers Pulse Laser Raman Pump • Benefits of Senior Membership and New Senior Members

Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy Conferences �� 27 (STEAM). • Recognition at OFC/NFOEC • 2010 Photonics Society Conference Calendar • Laserfest • Summer Topicals • Group IV Photonics • European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication • Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference 37 • International Semiconductor Laser Conference • Photonics Society 23rd Annual Meeting • Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition • Forthcoming events with ICO participation Calls for Papers �� 40 Calls for Papers. • Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE): Nanowires • JSTQE Packaging and Integration Technologies for Optical MEMS/NEMS, Optoelectronic and Nanophotonic Devices • JSTQE Ultrafast Science and Technology • JSTQE Nonlinear-Optical Signal Processing • JSTQE Semiconductor Lasers • Sensors Journal Design Methodologies for Low Power Arrays • Sensors for Non-Invasive Physiological Monitoring • Journal of Display Technology: Display Technologies for Consumer Electronics

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 1 Editor’s IEEE Photonics Society Column Krishnan Parameswaran President Newsletter Staff James Coleman Our Society is lucky to have outstanding researchers and Dept of E & C Engineering Executive Editor active members throughout the world. This month, we University of Illinois Krishnan R. Parameswaran 208 N Wright Street focus on activities in Los Angeles. Prof. Bahram Jalali Physical Sciences Inc. Urbana, IL 81801-2355 20 New England Business Center and his group at UCLA have developed a novel ultrafast Tel: +1 217 333 2555 Andover, MA 01810 E-mail: [email protected] imaging technique that you are sure to find interesting. Tel: +1 978 738 8187 Email: [email protected] Dr. Keisuke Goda of the Jalali group and Prof. Diana Past President Huffaker have provided a complementary article about John H. Marsh Associate Editor of Asia & Pacific Dept of E & E Engineering Hon Tsang activities in the Los Angeles Chapter. From Europe, we Rankine Building Dept. of Electronic Engineering have an article from Prof. Geert Morthier and his group University of Glasgow The Chinese University of Hong Kong Glasgow G12 8LT, Scotland, UK Shatin, Hong Kong at Ghent University in Belgium about microdisk lasers Tel: +44 141 330 4901 Tel: +852 260 98254 integrated on silicon. Photonics in platforms compatible Fax: +44 141 330 4907 Fax: +852 260 35558 E-mail: [email protected] Email: [email protected] with CMOS electronics is an area that has drawn consid- Associate Editor of Canada erable interest over the past decade, and this work is a Secretary-Treasurer Lawrence R. Chen nice example of this research bearing fruit. Completing Jerry Meyer Department of Electrical & Naval Research Laboratory Computer Engineering our world tour this month in Asia, we also have High- Code 5613 McConnell Engineering Building, lights from the newly formed Singapore Chapter. We Washington, DC 20375-0001 Rm 633 Tel: +1 202 767 3276 McGill University welcome our newest members and hope to follow their E-mail: [email protected] 3480 University St. activities in the coming years. We have made a few small Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A-2A7 Executive Director changes to the Newsletter fonts and layout this month. Tel: +514 398 1879 Richard Linke Fax: 514 398 3127 Let me know if you have any comments and suggestions IEEE Photonics Society Email: [email protected] at [email protected]. 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 Regards, Tel: +1 732 562 3891 Associate Editor of Europe/ Krishnan Parameswaran Fax: +1 732 562 8434 Mid East/Africa Email: [email protected] Kevin A. Williams Eindhoven University of Technology Inter-University Research Institute Board of Governors COBRA on Communication Y. Arakawa T. Koonen Technology S.L. Chuang M. Lipson Department of Electrical Engineering J. Capmany J. Meyer PO Box 513 M. Glick L. Nelson 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands J. Jackel I. White Email: [email protected] J. Kash P. Winzer

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2 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 NEW!

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The last few weeks have been spent looking farther forward expenses and try to balance them against each other. Last year than usual as we have been developing a budget for the next the Board of Governors was challenged with an exercise in fis- fiscal year. In part, this is also an exercise in reviewing the cur- cal responsibility (expertly prepared by our business manager, rent year’s budget in midstream in order to find some glimpse Doug Razzano) that went like this. On a single projected slide, of light in the crystal ball for the near future. In the current we listed a number of discretionary spending items and the financial crisis – I’ve heard this given the acronym CFC – our associated cost. The Board was tasked with selecting which anxiety levels are higher than usual. So, if you don’t mind, I items to change – reduce, increase, eliminate – with the single will spend a little time with this column thinking out loud boundary condition that the total cost of all items on the slide about our own Society’s CFC. must not exceed a fixed value. However difficult it may have been, the resulting discussion was professional, thoughtful It’s the economy… and effective. Unfortunately, we are likely to have a similar “My problem lies in reconciling my gross habits with my net income.” exercise this year. I am certain that the results will be profes- – Errol Flynn sional and in the best interests of our Society. I am equally Even though our Society is certainly a business, it is not for certain that we will all be looking forward to the next upturn profit. Our Society does indeed have shareholders – you, the in our fortunes. members – but we don’t worry about providing dividends to our investors. At least not cash dividends. Rather, our concern This and that… is to earn enough on the revenue side to function effectively as a As I write this we are enjoying a beautiful early spring in Il- professional society. The first and minimum obligation then is linois. It has been unusually warm and dry – already several to at least cover the actual cost of providing whatever services – “motorcycle” days – and things are beginning to get very green. membership, conferences, and publications – that we provide. This means that summer is nearly here, graduation ceremonies Ideally, each service pays for itself although we really only need are happening everywhere, and vacation must be just around to have an overall balance and, of course, all of these services are the corner. Most of us work harder than we should, so give interrelated in various ways. some serious consideration to some quality time off. Tingye Li The other important obligation is to provide services for our once told me that the best financial investment he ever made membership that are essential for a vibrant professional society was vacations with his family. Good advice…. but do not conveniently lend themselves to direct charges. You And, if you are looking for a great vacation idea, try the may be aware of many of these kinds of items that could be con- IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals in July. The list of sidered benefits of membership. Some examples are free online topics this year is impressive as always and the venue is one access to journals, support for local chapters, society awards, of the nicest places to visit in North America – just south of conference functions such as members’ lounges and receptions, Cancun in Mexico. Perhaps we will see you there. etc. Realistically, these are the dividends for our members and, as such, are a valuable part of our portfolio. With Warm Wishes, So what does all this mean for budgeting when the econo- Jim Coleman mies of the world are a bit soft? Just as in any other business, University of Illinois we are forced to examine every aspect of both revenues and [email protected]

4 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Research Highlights Microdisk Lasers Heterogeneously Integrated on Silicon for Low-Power, High-Speed Optical Switching G. Morthier, R. Kumar, P. Méchet, T. Spuessens, L. Liu, K. Huybrechts, G. Roelkens, J. Van Campenhout, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets Photonics Research Group – Department of Information Technology, Ghent University – imec, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

Abstract: Microdisk lasers have been studied since the early where the optical confinement is provided by the SOI structure 1990’s as ultra-low threshold lasers due to the high Q-factors and the bonded membrane gives amplification to the evanes- that can be obtained for the whispering gallery mode. Since cent mode tail. In our structures, the mode is confined to the 2005 we have explored the potential of InP-membrane mi- InP-membrane structure and couples evanescently to the un- crodisk lasers, heterogeneously integrated onto silicon-on- derlying SOI waveguide. insulator and evanescently coupled to silicon wire waveguides. The entire processing cycle is schematically shown in Figure Their properties and the integration potential make them ide- 1. First the SOI and the InP dies are cleaned , the BCB is spin- ally suited for applications in optical interconnects, as well as in coated onto the SOI die (with the final thickness of the BCB optical routing and switching. In this contribution, we will re- depending on the dilution of the BCB solution) and the InP view the fabrication and the performance of the microdisk lasers die is attached to the BCB, after which the polymer is cured. as well as their applications in interconnects and switching. After bonding the InP substrate is removed from the III-V die by grinding and wet chemical etching. Subsequently, the disks Heterogeneous Integration are defined in the InP membrane using contact lithography of Microdisk Lasers (but e-beam or deep UV lithography could be used alternative- THE silicon-on-insulator (or SOI) waveguide material has rely) and ICP etching until the bottom contact layer is reached. ceived extensive research interest over the last decade, mainly In order to isolate the optical waveguides (SOI waveguide and because the CMOS processing infrastructure can be used for microdisk resonator) from the absorptive metal contacts, the the fabrication of SOI photonic integrated circuits, but also DVS-BCB polymer is spun over the etched microdisk struc- owing to the high refractive index contrast which allows a tures and vias for the bottom and top contact are etched using very high photonic integration density. However, since sili- ICP. Finally the contacts are deposited using evaporation. con has an indirect bandgap, it is not suitable for the imple- The InP membranes with their high index contrast are ide- mentation of active devices such as laser diodes or semicon- ally suited for the implementation of microdisk lasers (with ductor optical amplifiers, which are an essential part of many diameters between 5 and 40 µm), which can be operated with Photonic ICs (PICs). low threshold gain and thus low current densities. Moreover, Since several years, the Photonics Research Group of Ghent the whispering gallery mode in these lasers and the possibil- University-IMEC has been developing the heterogeneous inte- ity to position the top contact in the center of the disks make gration of InP-based membranes with the aim of integrating it possible to avoid overlap of the lasing mode with the top laser diodes or optical amplifiers onto SOI circuits. An adhe- contact (and to avoid the high losses that would result from sive bonding process was developed using divinylsiloxane-bis- such an overlap). benzocyclobutene (DVS-BCB) [1]. It resulted in excellent bonding of III-V dies on silicon, with BCB bonding lay- SOI Waveguide Epitaxial Growth of InP Bond InP on SOI er thicknesses as low as 100 nm. Since DVS-BCB is optically transparent (as most polymers), it allows for optical coupling between the III-V layer and the underlying SOI. Adhesive bonding Polymer Deposition + also has less stringent requirements on Lithography + Etching InP Disk Etching Contact Via’s Metallization the surfaces of the involved materials compared to e.g. molecular bonding [2] since the BCB layer planarizes the SOI and III-V surface. Our device approach is however fundamentally different from the one used in e.g. [3], Figure 1. Overview of the fabrication process of an SOI-integrated microdisk laser (From [4]).

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 5 The use of InP membranes also implies that the p-type Wdm Photonic Interconnects contact layer is very close to the active quantum well layer, Their small dimensions and low power consumption makes which may result in relatively large absorption for the laser the microdisk laser attractive as the source for building on- mode. To overcome this problem, we use a tunnel junction chip or chip-to-chip optical interconnects. Theoretically for the p-type contact, an approach developed in collabora- the microdisk lasers could be modulated at least up to 10 tion with partners at INL and CEA-LETI. The typical cross- GBit/s. The aggregate link data rate can easily be increased section of the microdisk lasers hence is as given in figure further by connecting multiple sources with slightly in- 2. Nevertheless, the tunnel junction is still the main cause creasing diameter to a common bus waveguide. In [6] we of losses, especially for thin membrane thicknesses below 1 demonstrated a four-channel device allowing for the simul- micron. The bending loss and the scattering loss within the taneous generation of four data channels (see Figure 3). For micodisks are calculated to be below 10 cm-1, while the cou- applications with a denser WDM grid, fine tuning of the pling loss (the fraction of the power coupled to the straight individual channel wavelengths may be needed to compen- waveguide) can be kept sufficiently low by using a sufficient- sate for fabrication inaccuracies in the definition of the disk ly thick BCB layer (of course somewhat at the expense of the diameter. Therefore we developed an approach for integrat- output power). The straight waveguide itself is connected via ing a heater directly with the microdisk. It consists of a ring a taper to a surface grating coupler which allows to couple the surrounding the laser and defined in the same epitaxial ma- light to single mode fiber with relatively high efficiency. terial as shown in the inset of Figure 3b. It allows for tuning The first generation of heterogeneously integrated micro- its wavelength by at least 2 nm, without degradation of the disk lasers showed room temperature CW operation with a output power. Taking into account the current technology, threshold current of 0.5 mA for a disk diameter of 7.5 µm this should be more than sufficient for aligning all channels [4]. Due to self-heating, the output power (inside the straight to the desired WDM grid. SOI waveguides) saturated to a value of 5 µW at a current of The multi-channel source could also be used as a rapidly 1 mA. The small dimensions of the microdisk lasers however wavelength tunable source. By turning on the right laser result in a large free spectral range and, very often, a single source, the output wavelength of the laser source can be de- mode behavior. termined. In combination with a passive wavelength router, In the second generation of microdisk lasers, the heating this wavelength label then can be used to route the data has been reduced by having the top contact act as heat sink. signal to a desired destination. To increase the capacity of To this end, the Au layer of the Ti/Pt/Au contact was made such wavelength routed networks, wavelength conversion is extra thick (600 nm). Since the WGM is confined to the edge often required. Up to 20 GBit/s wavelength conversion was of the disk, this top metal layer does not result in substantial demonstrated using these devices [7]. optical absorption losses. As a result of the improved heat For some applications, e.g. off-chip links exhibiting sinking, the maximum output power could be increased to higher loss, the output power generated by the current over 100 µW. The heating is mainly due to the low thermal microdisks is still too low. One option is to increase the conductivity of the thick oxide layer in the SOI stack and of diameter of the devices and increase the output coupling the BCB. The heat sinking can be further improved by using per roundtrip. Alternatively, a high power external laser a thermal via through the buried oxide layer. could be used in combination with the microdisks operated as electro-optical modula- tors. In this way, we demonstrated data modulation up to 2.5 GBit/s without using Tunnel Junction any electrical pre-emphasis Top Metal Quantum techniques. A final appli- BCB Well cation that can be envis- Bottom Disk aged is wavelength selective Metal switching. The switch is SiO2 built by connecting two bus Lateral Contact SOI wg. Top Metal waveguides to a single III- V microdisk. A signal can Fiber Bottom Metal be switched between both Disk waveguides by changing the bias voltage applied to Grating Coupler Microdisk Laser 1µm SOI wg. the disk. We demonstrated switching of a 10 GBit/s (a) (b) optical signal with 15 dB extinction ratio and 1.2 ns Figure 2. Structure of the microdisk laser. a, Schematic structure of the whole circuit (the grating coupler switching speed by sweep- is depicted only on one end of the SOI waveguide) and the microdisk laser (inset). b, Scanning electron ing the bias between –1.1 V microscope picture of the cross-section of a fabricated device (From [12]). and 0.9 V [8].

6 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 –30 L1 L4 L3 L2 –20 –35 2.65mA 2.8mA 2.35mA 3.08mA –30 –40 –40 –45 0mW to 7.1mW

–50 –50

–55 –60

Mode Intensity (dBm) –60

Mode power (dBm/0.1nm) Mode power –70 –65

–70 –80 1.57 1.575 1.58 1.585 1.59 1.595 1.6 1.605 1.61 1,575 1,580 1,585 1,590 1,595 1,600 Wavelength (µm) Wavelength (nm) (a) (b)

Figure 3. (a) Spectrum of a multi-wavelength laser source with 8nm channel spacing. The bias current of each MDL and the laser number is indicated on the corresponding lasing peak [6]. (b) Tuning of a microdisk laser with integrated heater. The inset shows the microdisk laser with heater before the metallization process.

Microdisk Laser Based All-Optical Flip-Flops have been demonstrated before as all-optical set-reset flip- The low threshold currents and the high optical powers flops, we have investigated the use of the microdisk lasers within the microdisk lasers, make them quite suitable for for the realization of low-power, small footprint all-optical all-optical signal processing [10–12]. Since their physical flip-flops. Key requirements for obtaining bistability are a behavior resembles that of ring lasers and such ring lasers weak coupling between the clockwise and counter clockwise

Prototype

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 7 behavior. Therefore, a new genera- –50 –78 tion of microdisk lasers was fabri- 1.2mA –80 cated and for the etching of these –55 1.5mA –82 1.8mA new lasers optimized etching pro- –60 –84 cesses were used (the etching was –86 done at the Technical University of –65 –88 Eindhoven). In addition, extra heat –70 –90 sinking was employed by making

Amplitude (dBm) Amplitude (dBm) –92 0.75mA –75 1.0mA the gold layer of the top contact ex- –94 1.2mA tra thick. This measure resulted in –80 –96 less heating at higher currents and 109 1010 108 109 Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) thus higher power densities. The (a) (b) RF spectra of the new microdisk lasers exhibited a much lower reso- Figure 4. Typical RF spectra obtained from microdisk lasers, showing the resonance due to the de- nance frequency of below 1 GHz. generacy in the mode spectrum due to the coupling between the WGMs. (a)first generation devices, The new microdisk lasers with (b)new generation of devices. The resonance frequency is a measure for the conservative coupling reduced sidewall roughness indeed and the resonance width a measure for the dissipative coupling between clockwise and counter exhibit bistable, unidirectional clockwise modes. (From [12]). operation, as is illustrated from the Figure 5.a showing the typical output power measured from 9 both the l.h.s. and r.h.s. grating Left Grating 8 coupler vs. the injected current of Right Grating –20 7 a microdisk laser. There is a clear µ W) 6 –30 unidirectional regime for currents 5 –40 above 1 mA and the disk laser has a threshold current below 0.3 mA. 4 –50 3 Figure 5.b shows the output power –60 2 spectrum and illustrates the sin- Measured Power ( Measured Power 1 (dBm) Level Power –70 gle mode behavior. We were able 0 –80 to switch between clockwise and 01234 1555 1565 1575 1585 1595 counter clockwise operation by Bias Current (mA) Wavelength (nm) injection locking the laser modes (a) (b) using 100 ps long pulses with a Figure 5. (a) Typical L-I characteristics for the clockwise (left grating) and counter clockwise (right record low switching energy of grating) mode, showing the power measured in single mode fiber, (b) typical optical spectrum of 1.8 fJ. Total power consumption the output light. is thus only a few mW, which for 10 Gb/s signals corresponds to an average energy of 0.2 pJ per bit, a whispering gallery modes (WGMs) and a large non-linear figure which is competitive with that of electronic (CMOS) gain. The large non-linear gain is present thanks to the high buffers or with recirculating delay lines [13]. First experi- power density in our microdisk lasers. The weak coupling ments however seem to indicate that switching is only pos- between the clockwise and counter clockwise WGMs how- sible with microdisk lasers that have very high side mode ever requires very smooth disk sidewalls as well as low re- suppression. flection at the different interfaces (between disk and straight waveguide, and at the surface grating couplers). Conclusion It is possible to measure the coupling between the WGMs Heterogeneously integrated InP-membrane microdisk lasers in a relatively simple manner. Just above the threshold current, and resonators can be used in a variety of photonic integrated at low power levels where gain suppression is not yet impor- circuits for applications in optical interconnect and all-optical tant and the laser operates bidirectionally, the coupling gives signal processing. The high index contrast in the InP mem- rise to a lifting of the degeneracy in the spectrum. The frequen- branes makes it possible to realize devices with small footprint, cy splitting in the spectrum is proportional to the coupling low power consumption and high speed. The combination of between the WGMs and it manifests itself as a resonance in low-power active devices with high index contrast silicon-on- the RF spectrum. An example of the RF spectrum of one of our insulator passive waveguide structures opens perspectives for older microdisk lasers is shown in Figure 4.a below. From the the fabrication of much more complex PICs with small foot- resonance at 6 GHz and simulations with a rate equation mod- print and low power consumption. el, we could conclude that the coupling between the clockwise However, work is still to be done on the wavelength accu- and counter clockwise mode was too large for unidirectional racy of microdisk lasers. For multiwavelength lasers for WDM

8 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 optical interconnect as well as for optical signal processing PICs comprising two or more coupled microdisk lasers, it is essential that the emission wavelength of fabricated lasers can be very accurately targeted. The use of e-beam lithography or deep UV lithography will be investigated for this.

Acknowledgment We acknowledge support from the EU through the funding of the projects PICMOS, WADIMOS and HISTORIC. We also acknowledge our partners in these projects and especially J.M. Fédéli, L. Grenouillet, P-R. Romeo and P. Regreny, O. Raz, T. De Vries, and E.J. Geluk.

References 1. G. Roelkens, J. Brouckaert, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, R. Notzel, M. Smit, ‘Adhesive bonding of InP/InGaAsP dies to processed silicon-on-insulator wafers using DVS- bis-benzocyclybutene’, Journal of the Electrochemical So- ciety, 153(12): G1015-G1019, 2006. 2. M. Kostrzewa, L. Di Ciocco, M. Zussy, J.C. Roussin, J.M. Fedeli, N. Kernevez, P. Regreny, C. Lagahe-Blanchard, B. Aspar, ‘InP dies transferred onto silicon substrate for optical interconnects application’, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical Vol. 125, pp. 411–414, 2006. 3. A.W. Fang, H. Park, O. Cohen, R. Jones, M.J. Paniccia, J.E. Bowers, ‘Electrically pumped hybrid AlGaInAs-silicon evanescent laser’, Optics Express, Vol. 14, pp. 9203– 9210, 2006. 4. J. Van Campenhout, P. Rojo Romeo, P. Regreny, C. Seassal, D. Van Thourhout, S. Verstuyft, L. Di Cioccio, J.-M. Fedeli, C. Lagahe, R. Baets, ‘Electrically pumped InP-based microdisk lasers integrated with a nanophotonic silicon-on-insulator waveguide circuit’, Optics Ex- press, 15(11), pp. 6744–6749, 2007. 5. T. Spuesens, L. Liu, T. De Vries, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Regre- ny, D. Van Thourhout,’ Improved design of an InP-based microdisk laser heterogeneously integrated with SOI’, 6th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photon- ics, United States, p. FA3, 2009. 6. J. Van Campenhout, L. Liu, Pedro Rojo Romeo, D. Van Thourhout, Christian Seassal, Philippe Regreny, Lea Di Cioccio, Jean-Marc Fedeli, R. Baets, ‘A Compact SOI-In- tegrated Multiwavelength Laser Source Based on Cascaded InP Microdisks’, IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 20(16), p. 1345–1347, 2008. 7. O. Raz, R. Kumar, G. Morthier, D. Van Thourhout, P. Regreny, P. Rojo-Romeo, T. de Vries, H.J.S. Dorren H.J.S., ‘Compact, low power and low threshold electrically pumped micro disc lasers for 20 Gb/s non return to zero all optical wavelength conversion’, The Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition (OFC) and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (NFOEC) 2010, United States, p. OMQ5, 2010. 8. L. Liu, G. Roelkens, T. Spuesens, R. Soref, P. Regreny, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, ’Low-Power Electro-Optical Switch Based on a III-V Microdisk Cavity on Silicon-on- Insulator Circuit’, Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP), p. 76310P-76310P-6, 2009.

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 9 9. D.A.B. Miller, ‘Rationale and challenges for optical inter- Now he is with DTU-Fotonik, Technique University of Den- connects to electronic chips’, Proc. Of the IEEE, Vol. 88, mark. His current research area is heterogeneous integration, pp. 728–749, 2000. and silicon nanophotonic devices. 10. D. Van Thourhout, T. Spuesens, S. Selvaraja, L. Liu, G. Roelkens, R. Kumar, G. Morthier, Rojo-Romeo, Pe- Günther Roelkens dro, Mandorlo, Fabien, Raz, Oded, Kopp, Christophe, Günther Roelkens (S™02-M™07) received the doctoral de- Grenouillet, Laurent, ‘Nanophotonic Devices for Opti- gree in April 2007 from Ghent University in the field of het- cal Interconnect’, invited paper IEEE JSTQE, special erogeneous III-V/Silicon photonics, for which he received the issue on Enabling Technologies for Digital Optical Andreas de Leenheer award. Currently, he is a post-doc in the Communication Systems (to be published). Photonics Research Group and was also appointed assistant 11. M.T. Hill, H.J.S. Dorren, T. de Vries, X.J.M. Leijtens, professor at the Technical University Eindhoven, The Neth- J.H. den Besten, B. Smalbrugge, Y.S. Oei, H. Binsma, erlands. His research interests include the heterogeneous inte- G.D. Khoe, M.K. Smit, ‘A fast low-power optical memory gration of other materials (InP-based semiconductors, GaSb- based on coupled micro-ring lasers’, Nature, 432(7014), based heterostructures, Garnets) on the silicon-on-insulator pp. 206–209, 2004. waveguide platform. 12. L. Liu, R. Kumar, K. Huybrechts, T. Spuessens, G. Roelk- ens, E. Geluk, T. De Vries, P. Regreny, D. Van Thourhout, Joris Van Campenhout G. Morthier, R. Baets, ‘An ultra-small, low power all-optical Joris Van Campenhout graduated from Ghent University, Bel- flip-flop memory on a silicon chip’, Nature Photonics, ISSN, gium, where he developed the world’s first silicon-integrated 1749-4885, Vol. 4, Nr. 3, pp. 182–187, March 2010. III-V microdisk laser. In 2007, he became a post-doctoral sci- 13. H. Park, J.P. Mack, D.J. Blumenthal, J.E. Bowers, ‘An entist at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in NY, USA, integrated recirculating optical buffer’, Opt. Express, Vol. where he worked on electro-optic and thermo-optic devices for 16, pp. 11124–11131, 2008. low-power switching in on-chip optical networks. Since early 2009, he is employed by imec, Belgium, where he is involved Biographies in the development of a generic silicon-photonics platform. Geert Morthier Geert Morthier received the PhD degree from Ghent Univer- Dries Van Thourhout sity in 1991 and was appointed part-time professor at Ghent Dries Van Thourhout is a professor within the UGent/IMEC University in 2001. He has made contributions to DFB and photonics research group and investigates new integration widely tunable laser diodes and is currently mainly interested technologies for photonic ICs with high functionality. He in all-optical signal processing. He is the coordinator of the has been the coordinator of the EU-funded project PICMOS FP7-HISTORIC project. and WADIMOS in which the silicon/III-V microdisk laser was developed first. He is associate editor for IEEE-PTL. Rajesh Kumar Rajesh Kumar obtained M.Tech. degree in Optoelectronics and Roel Baets Optical Communication from IIT Delhi, India, in 2008. Current- Roel Baets coordinates the Photonics Research Group at ly he is a research scholar in Ghent University-IMEC, Belgium Ghent University-IMEC. He received a PhD degree from and is working on III-V/SOI microdisk based optical components Ghent University in 1984. He has made contributions to and devices. He is student member of IEEE, OSA and SPIE. III-V and silicon-based photonic components. He is a Fel- low of the IEEE. He coordinates a joint international Mas- Pauline Méchet ter of Science program in photonics (EMMP) involving five Pauline Méchet graduated in 2009 as a physics engineer from European institutions. the‚ Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Physique™ in Grenoble (France). She has both a Master of Research in optoelectron- Thijs Spuessens ics and device physics degree (option: microelectronics). Since Thijs Spuessens (SM™08) received the M.Sc. degree in 2009, she has been working in the Photonics Research Group electrical engineering from Eindhoven University of Tech- of Prof. Roel Baets at Ghent University on all-optical signal nology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in 2008, when he processing based on microdisk lasers. joined the Photonics Research Group at INTEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, where he is currently work- Liu Liu ing towards his Ph.D. degree in photonics. His current Liu Liu received the B. Eng. in Information Engineering in research interests include heterogeneous integration of 2002 at Zhejiang University, China, and Ph.D. in Photonics Silicon-on-Insulator and III-V material, optical intercon- in 2006 at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. nects and microsources.

10 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Research Highlights Time-Stretch Imaging and its Applications to High-throughput Microscopy and Microsurgery Bahram Jalali1,2, Keisuke Goda1,2, Patrick Soon-Shiong3, Kevin K. Tsia1,4 1Photonics Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 www.photonics.ucla.edu, [email protected], 2California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 3Abraxis BioScience, Los Angeles, CA 90025, 4Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong

Led by innovations in the use of stimulated emission or image pro- well suited for high-speed microscopy because the high illumina- cessing, a number of novel microscopes that break the diffraction tion intensity they require can alter or damage the cell especially limit of light have emerged in the last decade [1, 2]. However, when focused onto micrometer-scale fields of view. Their relatively the throughput of microscopes, currently limited by image sensor long shutter speed (hundreds of nanoseconds) results in blurring technology, has not received much attention. Yet, when combined and loss of resolution during high-speed flow. This makes them with existing microfluidics technology (e.g., flow cytometry), unsuitable for screening a large number of cells in a reasonably high-throughput imaging microscopy enables label-free screen- short time. Another limitation on frame rate is the time needed ing of large volumes of blood or tissue. Without requiring fluo- to download the image from the array of pixels (readout time). To rescent tags, it will be able to identify rare diseased cells among a achieve high frame rates, the number of pixels that are read must large population of healthy cells for diagnosis of early stage cancer, be reduced in a process known as the partial readout [7]. This spread of cancer to lymph nodes in the vicinity of a primary tumor, leads to reduced image resolution at high frame rates. and determining the efficacy of drug and radiation treatments. To- day, optical microscopy performed on stationary cells that are fixed High-Throughput Real-Time Imaging on a glass slide, the so-called blood smear test, is the standard di- by Spectral Encoding and Time-Stretch agnosis tool in hematology and pathology. Yet, this technique has Amplified Fourier Transform limited statistical accuracy because it only screens a small volume A fresh approach to imaging that has established the record in of blood placed on a glass slide. Indeed, a high-throughput cell frame rate and shutter speed for a continuous running camera screening method will improve the statistical accuracy of pathol- has recently been demonstrated [8, 9]. This system performs ogy tests based on cell imaging. High-throughput microscopy can a two-step process. In the first, the spectrum of a broadband also address the need for the purification of specific subpopula- optical pulse is stamped with the spatial pattern of the sample, tions of stem cells: undifferentiated cells that differentiate to spe- with each laser pulse capturing one frame. In the second step, cific specialized cells. the image-encoded spectrum is mapped into a time-domain To be sure, regenerative medicine based on stem cell trans- serial stream that is detected, not with a multiple-pixel image plantation is viewed as one of the most important fields in the sensor array, but with a single-pixel high-speed detector. Con- health sciences [3]. To ensure the fidelity of transplanted cells, currently, the stream is optically slowed down so that it can be combining high-throughput microscopy and laser ablation may digitized in real time with an electronic analog-to-digital con- hold great promise for ex vivo purging of undesired cells from verter such as a digital oscilloscope. Called serial time-encoded stem cell grafts. Further, we believe that by merging high- amplified microscopy (STEAM), this new imaging technique throughput imaging with next-generation laser ablation tech- continuously captures a real-time movie of a fast dynamic pro- nology (as described below), noninvasive detection and elimi- cess because it slows the time scale of the process before the nation of aberrant cells in vivo and in situ will become a reality. image is detected by the photosensor and digitizer. We have When automated, this tunable process will seek and destroy previously created and applied this approach to real-time in- such high-value targets as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) [4, 5, strumentation for creating ultra wideband analog-to-digital 6]. CTCs are diseased cells that are known to be forerunners of converters [10, 11], real-time spectroscopy [12, 13], barcode metastasis: the spread of cancer from a primary tumor that leads reading [9], and optical coherence tomography (OCT) [14]. to 90% of mortalities in cancer patients. High-throughput imaging, however, implies short frame in- Serial Time-Encoded Amplified tervals during which few photons are collected, leading to loss Microscopy (STEAM) of sensitivity. While high-end image intensified CMOS cameras STEAM achieves a frame rate that is nearly two orders of magnitude are now able to perform imaging at speeds approaching 100,000 higher than CMOS and CCD cameras with three orders of magnitude frames per second, they require high-intensity illumination to faster shutter speed. The first step is to create a one-to-one mapping overcome this fundamental loss of sensitivity at high speeds. There- between the spatial coordinates of an object and the optical frequen- fore, conventional image sensors (CCD and CMOS based) are not cies by illuminating the sample with a 1D or 2D rainbow created

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 11 with diffractive optics (Figure 1). A single diffraction grating is used strument can be operated in either reflection or transmission modes. in the 1D line scan mode whereas an orthogonally oriented pair of a The different frequency components of the pulse are recombined diffraction grating and a virtually imaged phased array is employed using the same optical device before an optical circulator directs the in the 2D mode. Depending on the reflectivity of the object, the in- image-encoded pulse into a novel time-stretch amplified Fourier transformer realized with an optical fiber with high group-velocity Amplified Time-Stretch Fourier Transform Optical Image Serialization and Amplification Single-Pixel Real-Time (temporal) dispersion and low loss. Photodetector Oscilloscope Here, the image is stretched into a 1D (analog) data stream because each pixel, now represented by a different frequency component of the pulse, experiences a different Dispersive Fiber time delay. At the same time, the Spatial image is optically amplified by Disperser pumping the dispersive medium Optical In Out to produce optical amplification Circulator Broadband Sample via stimulated Raman scatter- Pulse Laser Raman Pump ing. Resembling the signal in an optical communication link, the amplified spatial image appears Figure 1. Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy (STEAM). The spectrum of a broadband optical pulse as a time-modulated waveform is spread onto a 2D plane with the spatial disperser. The image of the sample is encoded into the spectrum and is captured with an analog-to- of the reflected pulse, which is then directed toward the optically pumped dispersive fiber. Here the image- digital converter such as a digital encoded spectrum is serialized into a temporal waveform by the group-velocity dispersion of the fiber and oscilloscope. Given the distributed simultaneously amplified in the optical domain. The amplified temporal waveform is detected by the nature of the loss in the dispersive single-pixel photodetector and digitized by an analog-to-digital converter such as a real-time oscilloscope. element, Raman amplification in the dispersive medium is preferred to minimize the noise figure, al- Objective 1 1 though discrete optical amplifiers Lens Ablation can also be used as well. Animated Pulse 0.5 0.5 movies that illustrate the opera- STEAM t = 9 ns 200 t = 661 ns 200 0 100 0 100 tion of 1D and 2D STEAM can be Pulses 100 50 100 50 0 0 0 0 viewed on the internet at sites [15] 0.2 m Al µ and [16], respectively. The perfor- 1.0 µm 1 1 SiO2 mance of the STEAM imager, in 2.0 µm 0.5 0.5 Si particular, its diffraction-limited Sample t = 172 ns t = 824 ns 0 200 0 200 spatial resolution, has been mod- 100 100 100 100 (a) 50 0 0 50 0 0 eled and quantified [17]. Because cells are mostly transparent, a 1 1 phase-contrast mode of STEAM is 1 Phase Explosion 0.5 0.5 preferred to avoid having to stain t = 335 ns t = 987 ns 0 200 0 200 biological samples with chemical 0.9 100 100 100 100 50 0 0 50 0 0 reagents. The phase-contrast mode 0.8 for high-speed 3D imaging has 1 1 already been demonstrated in our 0.7 Ablation Pulse 0.5 0.5 group [18].

Normalized Reflectivity 0.6 t = 498 ns t = 1150 ns Previously, we have shown 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 200 0 200 Time (ns) 100 100 that STEAM captures real- 100 50 0 100 50 0 0 0 time images of fast microflu- (c) Normalized Reflectivity idic flow at rates as high as X (µm) Y (µm) several m/s [8]. We note that (b) 5 m/s is currently the maxi- Figure 2. Real-time observation of laser ablation dynamics enabled by STEAM. (a) Experimental mum flow rate of conventional arrangement. A mid-infrared pulse with 5 ns pulse width is focused at an angle onto the sample flow cytometers – systems that while STEAM pulses are incident normal to it to monitor the dynamics of laser ablation. (b) Real- have a throughput of roughly time STEAM images of the laser ablation dynamics at a frame rate of 6.1 MHz corresponding to a 100,000 cells per second. The frame repetition period of 163 ns. (c) Evolution of the normalized reflectivity map of the sample. The shutter speed of the STEAM observation is consistent with the phase explosion effect. imager is on the order of 100

12 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Before Ablation Computer 1 Optical 0.5 Spectrum 0 Reflectivity Analyzer Biological Normalized 60 Tissue 40 0 50 Y (µm) 20 Spatial 100 X ( m) Disperser 0 150 µ After Optical Ablation Circulator Broadband Light 1 for Imaging 0.5 Function 0 Generator Reflectivity

Normalized 60 Tunable Laser � 40 for Surgery 0 Y ( m) 50 µ 20 100 0 150 X (µm) (a) (b)

Figure 3. Spectral-shower encoded confocal optical microscopy and microsurgery (SECOMM). (a) SECOMM system design. Spectrum of the broadband light source is mapped onto a plane via the spatial disperser for imaging the biological tissue. The back-reflected spectrum is detected by the optical spectrum analyzer for image reconstruction. The high-power frequency-tunable laser is combined with the broadband light to perform laser ablation of the tissue. (b) Reflectivity map of a bovine tissue before and after the laser microsurgery. By tuning the frequency of the ablation laser, an L-shaped pattern within an area of 40 μm 3 40 μm on the tissue was ablated. ps, compared to 100 ns for ultrafast CMOS cameras. This Spectral-shower Encoded Confocal Optical fast shutter speed is crucial for avoiding image blurring Microscopy and Microsurgery (SECOMM) caused by the fast moving cell. In microfluidic imaging ex- A complementary spin off from STEAM known as spectral- periments described here, the optical source was a mode- shower encoded confocal optical microscopy and microsurgery locked femtosecond fiber laser with the center wavelength (SECOMM) takes advantage of the fast real time imaging capa- 1590 nm, bandwidth of about 15 nm, and pulse repetition bility [19]. Illustrated in Figure 3a, it is a new fiber probe that rate of 6.1 MHz. We note that operation at shorter wave- performs ablation and imaging simultaneously while eliminat- length would be preferred to reduce water absorption. The ing the need for mechanical scanning of the laser scalpel. In ad- 2D disperser consisted of a diffraction grating with a groove dition, the probe performs confocal microscopy as the aperture density of 1200 lines/mm and a virtually imaged phased of the fiber that captures the reflection from the sample rejects array with a free spectral range of 67 GHz and a linewidth the scattered light from out-of-focus axial planes. of 550 MHz. These specifications may vary depending on Laser ablation is a ubiquitous technology with numer- the available optical bandwidth and the desired number of ous existing applications such as laser surgery, cutting, and pixels. Furthermore, a net optical image gain of 25 dB was micromachining. Enabled by STEAM, high-speed monitoring achieved, enabling frame rates as high as 6.1 million frames of laser ablation dynamics is extremely valuable because when per second and shutter speed of a few hundred picoseconds. combined with a feedback loop, laser power can now be adjusted In 1D line scan mode, the system is operating at 37 MHz in real time in such a way to dynamically adjust the power and frame rate with similar shutter speed. exposure time to optimize the desired results while minimizing The STEAM imager was also used to observe the dynamics collateral damage. In the future, laser induced cell death may be- of pulsed laser ablation in real time [8]. In the preliminary come a powerful tool for purifying populations of adherent cells experiment described in Figure 2a, a mid-infrared pulse laser for regenerative medicine based on stem cell transplantation. In was focused at an angle onto a test sample while the incident many applications, the maximum value for real-time monitor- imaging pulse train was reflected at normal incidence. Figure ing and control of laser ablation will be realized when the laser 2b shows the images of the laser ablation phenomena at a beam can be steered with high precision at high speed, a require- frame rate of 6.1 MHz. STEAM captures, in real time, the ment that points to non-mechanical laser scanning. frame sequence corresponding to the dynamics of the abla- To perform simultaneous imaging and in situ laser ablation caused by the single pulse. STEAM shows that the sur- tion, a frequency-tunable continuous-wave laser amplified face reflectivity changed after a finite time delay (Figure 2c). by an erbium-doped fiber post-amplifier is added to STEAM The change is due to mass ejection from the surface and is a (Figure 3a). The frequency-tunable laser performs the ablation signature of the so-called phase-explosion effect that is the as its frequency, and that of the STEAM imaging pulses, are hallmark of laser ablation. mapped to the 2D spatial coordinates of a sample by a common

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 13 ophthalmology, and gastroenter- Amplified Time-Stretch Fourier-Transform Spectrometer ology. In OCT, optical reflections Single-Pixel Real-Time from different layers along the depth Optically Pumped Photodetector Oscilloscope Mirror Dispersive Fiber (axial) dimension are converted to intensity changes using an interferometer. For each wavelength of the light, constructive interference leading to maximum intensity occurs for Mirror Beamsplitter reflection from a different layer. This Femtosecond process encodes the depth profile of Pulse Laser the sample onto the optical spec- Computer Probe trum. High-speed OCT is needed Pulses to “freeze” tissue motion and reduce Sample motion artifacts [21]. A high axial scan rate is, hence, desired in OCT in which axial line scans are performed Figure 4. Ultrafast optical coherence tomography (OCT) enabled by amplified time-stretch Fourier at many points on the surface to cap- transformation. Optical pulses reflected from different layers of the sample interfere with those ture the volumetric image. from the reference arm of the interferometer. Interfered pulses are then subject to amplified time- The application of time-stretch am- stretch Fourier transform as the result of which their spectrum is converted into an amplified plified Fourier transformation to OCT temporal waveform. This is subsequently detected by the single-pixel photodetector and digitized has achieved a record scan rate of 37 by the real-time oscilloscope. Digital inverse Fourier transformation is performed on each pulse to MHz [14] – nearly 1000 times faster obtain the axial profile of the sample that was encoded onto the spectrum by the interferometer. than conventional high-speed OCT. As diffractive optics arrangement (Figure 1 and Figure 3a). In ex- shown in Figure 4, the axial profile of the sample is first mapped periments performed on a bovine tissue sample, the ablation is onto the spectrum of a femtosecond optical pulse using optical in- performed by the 300 mW frequency-tunable laser/amplifier terferometry. The time-stretch amplified Fourier transformer then via the laser-induced thermal coagulation due to the strong converts the spectrum into a time-domain serial stream into which water absorption of the tissue at around 1550 nm. By tuning the axial profile is encoded. At the same time, it amplifies the signal the wavelength of the laser, the ablation beam is directed to to compensate for the unavoidable loss in the dispersive medium any arbitrary position on the tissue without any mechanical and hence, overcome the thermal noise limit of the photodetection movement of the probe or the tissue. Hence, high-precision circuitry. Furthermore, by eliminating the need for a traditional microsurgery can be performed by computer-controlled tuning CCD-based spectrometer, time-stretch amplified Fourier transfor- of the laser wavelength according to a pre-programmed pattern mation significantly increases the axial scan rate and achieves high and at speed much greater than manual scanning. sensitivity without the need for high-power optical sources. Figure 3b shows the images of the tissue captured by SECOMM before and after the laser ablation [19]. To simplify the first demon- Conclusion stration of the simultaneous imaging and microsurgery, an optical This article has reviewed recent results on a new high through- spectrum analyzer was used instead of the time-stretch amplified put imaging technique and its application to microscopy and dispersive Fourier transformer. The random variations appearing laser microsurgery. The technology has the potential to find in the figure represent the reflectivity profile of the tissue. By tun- rare cancer cells among a large population of healthy cells, ing the frequency of the ablation laser, an L-shaped pattern within and possibly, to purify the populations via real-time laser an area of 40 μm x 40 μm on the tissue was ablated. induced elimination of those cells. We have described our The proof-of-concept experiment illustrates the capability of vision for how this new technology may advance cancer diag- SECOMM to perform in situ high-precision laser microsurgery nostics and regenerative medicine. We close by adding that, and simultaneously monitor the process with the same single-fiber as an immediate application, this technology may find use in probe. This capability bodes well for microsurgery applications industries where real-time monitoring, dynamic control and that require higher precision than what is achievable with manual optimization of manufacturing processes are needed. manipulation of the surgical probe. Some of the microsurgical applications envisioned for this device include cell microdissection Acknowledgment and neurosurgery. In both cases, the high precision that is enabled The authors would like to thank Dr. Shahrooz Rabizadeh and by replacing mechanical steering with electronic frequency tuning Dr. Kayvan Niazi of Abraxis BioScience and the California will be a valuable asset. Nanosystems Institute of Abraxis BioScience and the Califor- nia NanoSystems Institute for reviewing this article and for his Ultrafast Optical Coherent valuable suggestions. Tomography (OCT) A reflectometry method known as OCT [20, 21] provides Technology development leading to the STEAM imager was cross-sectional images of near-surface internal structure of bi- supported by the Micro Technology Office (MTO) of the De- ological tissue, with important applications in dermatology, fense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

14 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 References 21. D. C. Adler, Y. Chen, R. Huber, J. Schmitt, J. Connolly, and J. 1. S. W. Hell, “Toward fluorescence nanoscopy,” Nature Bio- G. Fujimoto, “Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using opti- technology 21, 1347 (2003). cal coherence tomography,” Nature Photonics 1, 709 (2007) 2. B. Huang, W. Wang, M. Bates, and X. Zhuang, “Three- dimensional super-resolution imaging by stochastic opti- Biographies cal reconstruction microscopy,” Science 319, 810 (2008) Bahram Jalali 3. K. Mossman, “The world’s first neural stem cell trans- Bahram Jalali is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at plant,” Scientific American, December 18 (2006) UCLA, a fellow of IEEE and of the Optical Society of Amer- 4. Deakin University, “Rogue cells could cause spread of ica, and recipient of the R. W. Wood Prize from the Optical breast cancer,” ScienceDaily, June 14 (2007) Society of America. In 2005, he was elected into the Scien- 5. J. Kaiser, “Cancer’s circulation problem,” Science 327, tific American Top 50, and received the BrideGate 20 Award 1072 (2010) in 2001 for his contributions to the Southern California econ- 6. S. L. Stott et al., “Isolation and characterization of cir- omy. Jalali serves on the Board of Trustees of the California culating tumor cells from patients with localized and Science Center and the Board of Columbia University School metastatic prostate cancer,” Science Translational Medi- of Engineering and Applied Sciences. He has published over cine 2, 1 (2010) 300 journal and conference papers and holds 7 patents. 7. http://www.shimadzu.com/products/test/hsvc/oh80jt 0000001d6t.html# Keisuke Goda 8. K. Goda, K. K. Tsia, and B. Jalali, “Serial time-encoded Keisuke Goda obtained a B.S. summa cum laude from UC amplified imaging for real-time observation of fast dy- Berkeley in 2001 and a Ph.D. from MIT in 2007, both in namic phenomena,” Nature 458, 1145 (2009) physics. He is currently a postdoctoral fellow working on 9. K. Goda, K. K. Tsia, and B. Jalali, “Amplified dispersive optoelectronics and biophotonics in Photonics Laboratory Fourier-transform imaging for ultrafast displacement sens- at UCLA. He is the co-chair of IEEE Photonics Society Los ing and barcode reading,” Applied Physics Letters 93, Angeles Chapter and recipient of the Gravitational Wave In- 131109 (2008) ternational Committee Thesis Award and UCLA Chancellor’s 10. F. Coppinger, A.S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, “Time magni- Award for Postdoctoral Research. He has published over 80 fication of electrical signals using chirped optical pulses,” journal and conference papers. Electronics Letters 34, 399 (1998) 11. Y. Han and B. Jalali, “Photonic time-stretched analog- Patrick Soon-Shiong to-digital converter: fundamental concepts and practical Patrick Soon-Shiong is Executive Chairman, Abraxis BioSci- considerations,” Journal of Lightwave Technology 21, ence and Executive Director of the UCLA Wireless Health 3085 (2003) Institute, and Professor of Bioengineering and Microbiology, 12. P. Kelkar, F. Coppinger, A. S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics at UCLA. He is a fel- “Time-domain optical sensing,” Electronics Letters 35, low of the American College of Surgeons and the Royal Col- 1661 (1999) lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. He invented the 13. J. Chou, Y. Han, and B. Jalali, “Time-wavelength spec- first FDA-approved protein nanoparticle delivery technology troscopy for chemical sensing,” IEEE Photonics Technol- for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and in trials for ogy Letters 16, 1140 (2004) lung, melanoma, gastric and pancreatic cancer. He holds over 14. K. Goda, D. R. Solli, and B. Jalali, “Real-time optical 50 U.S. patents and has published more than 100 scientific reflectometry enabled by amplified dispersive Fourier papers. He serves on numerous boards and his awards in- transformation,” Applied Physics Letters 93, 031106 clude The Ellis Island Medal of Honor, the Partners in Care (2008) Foundation’s Champion for Health Award and the Friends of 15. http://www.photonics.ucla.edu/movies/STEAM1D.wmv National Library of Medicine’s 2010 Distinguished Medical 16. http://www.photonics.ucla.edu/movies/STEAM2D.wmv Science Award. 17. K. K. Tsia, K. Goda, D. Capewell, and B. Jalali, “Per- formance of serial time-encoded amplified microscope,” Kevin K. Tsia Optics Express 18, 10016 (2010) Kevin K. Tsia received B.E. and M.Phil. degrees in electronic 18. K. Goda, A. Motafakker-Fard, and B. Jalali, “Phase-con- and computer engineering from the Hong Kong University trast serial time-encoded amplified microscopy,” CLEO of Science and Technology in 2003 and 2005, respectively. Europe, June 14 (2009) He received his Ph.D. from UCLA in electrical engineering 19. K. K. Tsia, K. Goda, D. Capewell, and B. Jalali, “Simulta- in 2009. He is currently an assistant professor in the depart- neous mechanical-scan-free confocal microscopy and laser ment of electrical and electronic engineering and the medical microsurgery,” Optics Letters 34, 2099 (2009) engineering program at the University of Hong Kong. He is 20. D. Huang et al, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science a recipient of the California NanoSystems Institute fellow- 254, 1178 (1991) ship and Harry M. Showman Prize from UCLA.

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 15 Career Section

IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2010 Quantum Electronics Award recipient: Masataka Nakazawa

The Quantum Electronics Award is given to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone public honor an individual (or group of individuals) corporation (NTT), where he was engaged for outstanding technical contributions to in research on EDFAs, soliton transmission, quantum electronics, either in fundamentals Terabit/s OTDM transmission, and vari- or application or both. The Award may be for ous fiber lasers. He was a visiting scientist a single contribution or for a distinguished at MIT in 1984–1985. He became the first series of contributions over a long period of NTT distinguished researcher in 1994 and a time. No candidate shall have previously Fellow in 1999. In 2001, he became a pro- received a major IEEE award for the same fessor of the Research Institute of Electrical work. Candidates need not be members of Communication at Tohoku University and the IEEE or the Photonics Society. The dead- was promoted to a Distinguished Professor line for nominations is 16 February. in 2008. He is now the director of the Insti- The Quantum Electronics Award was tute. At the Institute, he has been intensive- Masataka Nakazawa presented to Masataka Nakazawa, “for ly working on ultrahigh-speed transmission, seminal contribution and leadership in the advancement of multi-level coherent transmission, and new fiber lasers. He optical communications and fiber lasers through the inven- published more than 400 papers and presented 230 inter- tion of the compact erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)” national conference presentations. He was the president of The presentation was made during the Award Ceremony at Electronics Society of the IEICE in 2006 and is now the CLEO/QELS 2010 at the San Jose Civic Auditorium, San Board member of Optical Society of America. Dr. Nakazawa Jose, California, USA. received many awards including the IEE Electronics Letters Masataka Nakazawa received his Ph. D. degree from Premium Award, IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award, OSA R. the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1980. Then, he W. Wood Prize, and Thomson Scientific Laureate. He is a joined the Ibaraki Electrical Communication Laboratory of Fellow of the IEEE, OSA, IEICE, and NTT R&D.

IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2010–11 Distinguished Lecturers

The Distinguished Lecturer Awards are presented to honor interesting speakers who have made recent significant contributions to the field of lasers and electro-optics. The Distinguished Lecturers speak at Photonics Society Chapters worldwide. Please contact you local chapter to see when one of the Lecturers will be speaking in your area. A list of current Photonics Society Chapter Chairs is available on the Photonics Society web site (www.PhotonicsSociety.org).

This year’s Lecturers are:

Gaetano Assanto, NooEL, Nonlinear Optics and Optoelectronics Lab, Rome, Italy Topic of Lecture: Nematicons: Spatial Optical Solitons in Nematic Liquid Crystals

Sarath Gunapala, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA Topic of Lecture: III-V Quantum Structures for Infrared Detection

Sajeev John, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada Title of Lecture: Photonic Band Gap Materials: Light Trapping Crystals

16 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Career Section (cont’d)

Tetsuya Mizumoto, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Topic of Lecture: Optical Nonreciprocal Devices for Integrated Photonics

Lorenzo Pavesi, University of Trento, Trento, Italy Topic of Lecture: Silicon Photonics: A New Technology Platform to enable Low Cost and High Performance Photonics

Nabeel Riza, Photonics Information Processing Systems Laboratory, Orlando, FL, USA Topic of Lecture: Hybrid Optical Sensors for Extreme Temperature Measurement in Next Generation Higher Efficiency Greener Power Plants

Below are the biodata on the incoming lecturers for the period 2010–2011:

Sarath Gunapala received microns. Thus, IR imaging systems that operate in the his PhD in Physics from the long wavelength IR (LWIR) region (8–15 microns) are re- University of Pittsburgh in quired in many space borne applications such as monitor- 1986. Since then he has stud- ing the global atmospheric temperature profiles, relative ied the infrared properties of humidity profiles, cloud characteristics, and the distribu- III-V compound semicon- tion of minor constituents in the atmosphere which are be- ductor hetero-structures and ing planned for future NASA Earth and planetary remote the development of quan- sensing systems. tum well infrared photode- Currently, we are working on Superlattice detec- tectors (QWIPs) for infrared tors, multi-band Quantum Well Infrared Photodetec- imaging at AT&T Bell Lab- tors (QWIPs), and Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector oratories. He joined NASA’s (QDIPs) technologies suitable for high pixel-pixel uni- Sarath Gunapala Jet Propulsion Laboratory formity and high pixel operability large area imaging ar- at California Institute of rays. Due to higher radiation hardness, lower 1/f noise, Technology in 1992 where he heads the Infrared Photonics and larger array size, the GaAs based QWIP FPAs are very Technology Group. Sarath is also an IEEE Senior Member, attractive for such space borne applications. Furthermore, SPIE Fellow, and senior research scientist and principal en- we have exploited the artificial atomlike properties of epi- gineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute taxially self-assembled quantum dots for the development of Technology. Sarath has authored over 250 publications, of high operating temperature IR FPAs. Additionally, the including several book chapters on QWIP imaging focal closely lattice-matched material system of InAs, GaSb, and plane arrays, and holds twenty patents. He has received AlSb, commonly referred to as the 6.1Å material system, numerous awards including the NASA Exceptional Engi- has emerged as a fertile ground for the development of new neering Achievement Medal, NASA/AIAA Effective Part- solid-state devices. The flexibility of the system in simul- nership Award, and induction to United States Space Tech- taneously permitting type-I, type-II staggered, and type-II nology Hall of Fame 2001. broken-gap band alignments has been the basis for many Title of Talk: III-V Quantum Structures for Infrared novel, high-performance heterostructure devices in recent Detection years, including the GaSb/InAs type-II superlattice IR de- There are many applications that require long wave- tectors. In this presentation I will discuss the optimization length, large, uniform, reproducible, low cost, stable, and of the detector design, material growth and processing that radiation-hard infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPAs). For has culminated in realization of III-V based IR detectors, example, the absorption lines of many gas molecules, such large format FPAs, and IR cameras which hold great prom- as ozone, water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ni- ise for myriad applications in 3–15 micron wavelength trous oxide occur in the wavelength region from 3 to 15 range in science, medicine, and industry.

Lorenzo Pavesi is a Professor of Experimental Physics at he became Assistant Professor, an Associate Professor in 1999 the University of Trento (Italy). Born the 21st of November and Full Professor in 2002 at the University of Trento. He 1961, he received his PhD in Physics in 1990 at the Ecole leads the nanoscience laboratory (25 people), teaches several Polytechnique Federale of Lausanne (Switzerland). In 1990 classes at the Science Faculty of the University of Trento, and

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 17 Career Section (cont’d)

is dean of the PhD School in He is in the editorial board of Research Letters in Physics Physics. He founded the and he was in the editorial board of Journal of Nanoscience research activity in semi- and Nanotechnologies, in the directive council of the LENS conductor optoelectronics (Florence), in the Board of Delegates of E-MRS. He holds an at the University of Trento H-number of 36 according to the web of science. and started several labora- Title of Talk: Silicon photonics: a new technology plat- tories of photonics, growth form to enable low cost and high performance photonics and advanced treatment of Photonics devices which can be fabricated by using the materials. He is in charge same truth of microelectronics: smaller, cheaper and faster, of the professional master in this is silicon photonics. In details silicon photonics will al- NEMS-MEMS, coorganized low you: between University and • to make thousands of photonic devices integrated in a FBK. He has directed more few cm square which are able to transmit signal over Lorenzo Pavesi than 15 PhD studens and long distances and at high speed; more than 20 Master thesis students. His research activity • to integrate in CMOS an entire optical network which concerned the optical properties of semiconductors. During handles tens of channels and routes them all across an the last years, he concentrated on Silicon based photonics electronic chip; where he looks for the convergence between photonics and • to fabricate an entire bio-lab with the size of a nail; electronics by using silicon nanostructures. He is interested • to develop solar cells with conversion efficiency beyond in active photonics devices which can be integrated in sili- the thermodynamic limit of silicon cells. con by using classical waveguides or novel waveguides such These are a few examples where the silicon photonics para- as those based on dynamical photonic crystals. His interests digm has shown all its potential. encompass also optical sensors or biosensors and solar cells. In silicon photonics, he is one of the worldwide recognized Suggested Readings experts, he organized several international conferences, Silicon Nanocrystals; Fundamentals, Synthesis and Appli- workshops and schools and is a frequently invited speaker. cations edited by L. Pavesi and R. Turan (Wiley-VCH Ver- He manages several research projects, both national and in- lag GmbH, Berlin 2010) ternational. He advises EC on photonics and is a frequently Silicon Photonics, edited by L. Pavesi and D. Lockwood, Top- invited reviewer, monitor or referee for photonics projects ics in Applied Physics vol. 94 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2004) by several grant agencies. He is an author or co-author of Silicon photonics II edited by D. Lockwood and L. Pavesi, more than 280 papers, author of several reviews, editor of Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 119 (Springer-Verlag, more than 10 books, author of 2 books and holds six patents. Berlin 2011)

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Call for Nominations – 2010 John Tyndall Award

Nominations are now being accepted for the 2010 Tyndall well as the transmission systems employing fibers. With the Award, which will be presented at OFC/NFOEC 2011. expansion of this technology, many individuals have become This award, which is jointly sponsored by the IEEE Photo- worthy of consideration. The deadline for nominations is 10 nics Society and the Optical Society of America, is presented to August, 2010. a single individual who has made outstanding contributions in Check the Photonics Society website for more details: any area of lightwave technology, including optical fibers and www.PhotonicsSociety.org – click “Awards” tab. cables, the optical components employed in fiber systems, as Nomination form can be found on our website.

Innovation doesn’t just happen. Read ﬁ rst-person accounts of IEEE members who were there. Photo: NASA IEEE Global History Network www.ieeeghn.org

09-HIST-0382a-GHN-7x4.75-Final.indd 1 4/5/10 12:05:54 PM

20 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 News (cont’d)

Call for Nominations – IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2010 Young Investigator Award

The Young Investigator Award was established to honor Nomination packages consist of a nomination cover an individual who has made outstanding technical contri- page, a statement of the nominee’s research achievements butions to photonics (broadly defined) prior to his or her in photonics, the nominee’s curriculum vitae, and three to 35th birthday. five reference letters (to be received at the Photonics Society The award shall consist of a certificate of recognition and office prior to the deadline). an honorarium of $1,000. Please consider nominating an under-age-35 colleague Nomination packages will be due at the Photonics So- for the inaugural cycle of this award! ciety executive office by 30 September, 2010. Nominees For full information about the Photonics Society awards must be under 35 years of age on Sept. 30th of the year program look under the “Awards” tab on the Photonics So- in which the nomination is made. The award may be pre- ciety web site: www.PhotonicsSociety.org sented either at the Optical Fiber Communications Confer- Nomination form can be found on our website. ence (OFC), or the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), to be selected by the recipient.

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 21 Membership Section

IEEE Photonics Society Singapore Chapter Student Branch Is Established

IEEE Photonics Society Singapore Chapter Student Branch For instance, Professor Arun K. Somani presented “Effi- has been officially formed with the approval from IEEE cient Protection and Grooming Architecture for Optical headquarter in Feb. 2010. The effective formation date of Networks” and another IEEE Photonics Society Distin- this Student Branch is 11 December 2009. The number of guished Lecturer, Professor Tetsuya Mizumoto, gave a student members has been increased from 152 in July 2009 talk titled “Optical isolator: Application to photonic in- to 472 in April 2010. The members are from Nanyang tegrated circuits.” Technological University (NTU), National University of Another public lecture which received a great response of Singapore (NUS) and Agency for Science, Technology and more than 100 attendees was “From G. Marconi to Charles Research (A*STAR). Kao – Evolution of Telecommunications and Impact on the The inaugural best student paper competition was a Human Society Over the Last 100 Years” presented by Pro- great start for the Student Branch in Jan. 2010, since it at- fessor Lin Chinlon. tracted more than 80 attendees. Agilent Technologies and The Student Branch has also organized social gather- Rohde & Schwarz were the main sponsors of this event. Be- ings, sports events and industry visits to companies related sides this, more than 10 student seminars have been orga- to optical communications such as Huawei Asia Pacific and nized by the Student Branch. Finisar, in order to provide a networking platform for the Our student Branch has also invited more than 5 in- largest group of photonics professionals from universities, ternationally renowned researchers to give public lectures. research institutes and companies in Singapore.

The participating students in the Best Student Paper Competition.

IEEE Photonics Society Singapore Chapter members attending a public lecture. Students visiting Huawei Asia Pacific.

22 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Membership Section (cont’d)

An upcoming event organized by the IEEE Photon- ics Society Singapore Chapter will be the Photonics Global Conference (PGC) (http://www.photonicsglobal.org/), which is a biennial event held since 2008. The previous conference attracted about 300 delegates from 32 countries. We are pleased to announce that the second Photonics Global Con- ference will be held in Singapore from 14 to 16 December, 2010. This will be an opportunity for researchers around the world to exchange their ideas and latest research results. In conjunction with PGC, a PhD Forum will also be organized by the Student Branch. We look forward to your participation Dragon boat event organized by IEEE Photonics Society Singapore so as to make this conference an exciting and fruitful event. Chapter Student Branch. On behalf of the Student Branch, the Student Branch founding chair, Dr Zhang Feng, would like to thank all ety Singapore Chapter Student Branch grooms future lead- professors and scientists from the IEEE Photonics Society ers for photonics industries and research communities. We Singapore Chapter, especially Prof. Shum Ping, Prof. Yu welcome enthusiastic and passionate candidates to join us. Changyuan and Prof. Zhong Wen-De, for their support More details about the Student Branch can be found in and guidance in 2009–2010. He also appreciates the ex- http://ieeeps.org/. cellent work carried out by the Student Branch committee Elham S. Nazemosadat members very much. He would like to thank all student News Chair members who have supported, helped and contributed to IEEE Photonics Society the Branch’s events in 2009–2010. IEEE Photonics Soci- Singapore Chapter Student Branch

Los Angeles Chapter Activates Local Photonic Researchers by Keisuke Goda & Diana Huffaker

IEEE Photonics Society Los Angeles Chapter was estab- where there are a number of top universities such as UCLA, lished a decade ago, but it had been relatively inactive un- University of California, San Diego (UCSD), University of til a few years ago. Recently, young professors and research California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), University of California, scientists at UCLA have reinvigorated the chapter. The Irvine (UCI), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Chapter’s goal is to promote interests of the photonics com- and University of Southern California (USC), most of which munity in Southern California and provide opportunities are within one-hour drive of the center of Los Angeles. for professional growth and information exchange. Topical focus, based on interest and expertise in the LA basin ranges from the standard communication and sensing technologies to quickly growing areas of Biomedical applications, imaging and energy-related topics. For the past two years, the Chapter has been very active, as it has successfully hosted more than thirty speakers from both local and distant institutions to give seminar talks in various photonics-related topics ranging from fiber-optic communication to biomedical photonics. We also provide opportunities for under- graduate research involvement, cross-disciplinary research and education along with career building activities. Los Angeles Chapter benefits from its excellent loca- Members of Integrated NanoMaterials Laboratory led by tion as Los Angeles is the center of Southern California Prof. Diana Huffaker (chair).

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 23 Membership Section (cont’d)

NASA’s largest research center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Another large group is Integrated NanoMaterials Labora- is also located in suburban Los Angeles. In addition to the tory (http://www.ee.ucla.edu/~huffaker) which is led by Prof. academic institutions, the Los Angeles area hosts the head- Diana Huffaker (chair) of electrical engineering and Califor- quarters of numerous photonics-related companies such nia NanoSystems Institute. The group performs research on as Newport Corporation, Teledyne Imaging & Scientific, directed and self-assembled nanostructure solid-state epitaxy HRL Laboratories, Northrup Grumman, and Lambda Re- and optoelectronic devices including solar cells and III-V/Si search Optics Inc. Thanks to the geographic advantage of photonics. More specifically, the group develops (1) inexpen- the Chapter, it has been relatively easy to invite good speak- sive GaSb sensors with low dark currents for high-perfor- ers for the Chapter’s seminar series. mance photovoltaics, (2) novel growth techniques for device Since UCLA is located at the center of Los Angeles, the applications including lasers, detectors, solar cells, and tran- Chapter’s activity is mostly held on the UCLA campus. For sistors, and (3) along with patterned nano-materials. this reason, most Chapter members are UCLA affiliates such Bio-and Nano-Photonics Laboratory (http://www.innovate. as students, postdoctoral researchers, senior researchers, and ee.ucla.edu) led by Prof. Aydogan Ozcan of electrical engineer- professors at UCLA while there are also chapter members in ing and California NanoSystems Institute focuses on photon- other local institutions. The Chapter’s activity has been sup- ics and its applications to nano- and bio-technology, including ported by a number of photonics-related researchers in a vari- (1) imaging the nano-world, especially in bio-compatible set- ety of research topics in several departments at UCLA such as tings, (2) providing powerful solutions to global health related electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, neuroscience, bio- problems including measurement of the cell count of HIV pa- medical engineering, mechanical engineering, and materials tients in resource limited settings, and (3) rapid and parallel science. While most photonics research is done in the elec- detection of hundreds of thousands of molecular level binding trical engineering department, a decent number of faculty events targeting microarray-based proteomics and genomics. members who perform research on applications of photonics For his impressive achievements, he won IEEE Photonics So- in other disciplines are spread all over the campus. ciety Young Investigator Award in 2009. Photonics Laboratory (http://www.photonics.ucla.edu) Terahertz Devices and Intersubband Nanostructures led by Prof. Bahram Jalali (former chair) of electrical en- Laboratory (http://www.ee.ucla.edu/~bwilliam) led by Prof. gineering is one of the largest photonics research groups at Benjamin Williams is broadly focused on the study of de- UCLA. The group performs multi-disciplinary research and vice physics and development of novel devices at the inter- development in silicon photonics, microwave photonics, section of (1) engineering of quantum electronic properties and biophotonics for biomedical and defense applications. in low-dimensional semiconductors, (2) engineering of More specifically, the group focuses on the development of artificial electromagnetic materials and structures, and (1) novel instruments based on ultrafast real-time measure- (3) development of novel technologies for the generation, ments (e.g., imaging and spectroscopy) for cancer diagnostics detection, and control of THz and mid-infrared radiation. and therapy and the generation and control of optical rogue More specifically, the group’s interests include the develop- waves, (2) all-dielectric photonic-assisted radio front-end ment of mid-infrared and THz quantum cascade lasers and technology for defense applications, (3) silicon-based pho- THz components based on sub-wavelength dimensions for tonic circuits such as silicon lasers for high-speed fiber-optic use in beam control, sensing, and imaging. communication, and (4) ultra-wideband time-stretched Professor Kang Wang, director WIN/FENA, and his digitizers for increased analog-to-digital conversion rates. group are involved in several areas of photonics research

Members of Photonics Laboratory led by Prof. Bahram Jalali Members of Bio and Nano Photonics Laboratory led by Prof. (former chair). Aydogan Ozcan.

24 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Membership Section (cont’d)

such as integrated highly efficient optical sources on silicon. They recently demonstrated a basic nanometer scale structure to achieve both reduced anti-phase domain and dislocation densities by minimizing the strain energy and to prevent photo-excited electron-hole pairs from diffusing into silicon substrate or defects. Optical quality GaAs/InAs structure is formed on silicon using MBE growth. They are also using nanophotonics especially plasmonics applied to organic solar cell taking advantage of the strong local field enhancement around the metallic nanoparticles such that light absorption of a surrounding semiconductor material Members of Lee Lab led by Prof. Jin Hyung Lee. can be greatly increased. With nanoparticles in special design, the solar cell efficiency can go beyond what can be Other than the speakers from the local academic institutions, achieved by conventional organic cells. the Chapter also invited speakers from outside of the Los An- Photonics research is not limited to the electrical en- geles area. On March 5, 2009, Prof. S. J. Ben Yoo of electrical gineering department. For example, Prof. Shimon Weiss’s and computer engineering at University of California, Da- group (http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/Weiss_Lab) in vis talked about petascale cyberinfrastructure by nanoscale the department of chemistry and biochemistry develops and systems integration. On May 21, 2009, Prof. Yuhwa Lo of applies cutting-edge techniques from fluorescence spectros- electrical and computer engineering at UCSD shared his vi- copy, fluorescence microscopy, and biological imaging to sion about integrated microfluidics, photonics, and acoustics studying proteins. Another example is Prof. Katsushi Ari- for biomedical system-on-a-chip. Furthermore, the Chap- saka’s group in the physics department which applies the ter had the opportunities to invite speakers from outside group’s expertise in particle physics to biophotonics, espe- of California. On May 8, 2009, Prof. Cun-Zheng Ning of cially in the field of neuroscience to observe neural activ- electrical engineering at Arizona State University discussed ity with high-speed CMOS cameras used in particle phys- surface plasmonic and nanowire nanolasers. On April 22, ics experiments. In addition, Prof. Jin Hyung Lee’s group 2010, Prof. Ken Crozier of natural sciences at Harvard Uni- (http://www.ee.ucla.edu/~jhlgroup) in the bioengineering versity gave a talk about manipulation of nanoparticles and department and the department of psychiatry and biobehav- enhancement of spectroscopy with surface plasmons. As one ioral sciences focuses on neural information processing and of the IEEE Photonics Society distinguished speakers, Prof. plasticity, neuroscience and neural engineering, magnetic John Dudley of University of Franche-Comte, France came resonance imaging (MRI), and novel image contrast strate- all the way to UCLA to present his interesting work on non- gies with the help of photonics. Finally, Prof. Carlos Portera- linear fiber optics on October 15, 2009. Finally, other than Cailliau’s laboratory (http://www.porteralab.neurology.ucla. speakers at academic institutions, the Chapter also brought edu/) in the departments of neurology and neurobiology per- several industry speakers. On March 18, 2010, Dr. James forms research on two-photon imaging of neuronal structure Beletic, the director of Astronomy & Civil Space at Teledyne and blood flow dynamics using femtosecond pulse lasers. Imaging Sensors, discussed the company’s development of For the past two years, the Chapter has successfully high-performance imaging sensors for astronomy. Most re- hosted a number of prestigious speakers for its regular cently, on April 28, 2010, Toyohiko Yamauchi, research sci- and visitor seminars. On January 22, 2009, Prof. Aydogan entist at Hamamatsu Photonics, presented his latest work Ozcan discussed his group’s research on the development on nanometer-scale cell surface topography for label-free cell of lens-free on-chip imaging for high-throughput cytom- classification by low-coherence full-field quantitative phase etry and point-of-care diagnostics. On March 19, 2009, microscopy. Prof. Carlos Portera-Cailliau presented novel techniques for In summary, the Chapter’s increased activity in the re- two-photon calcium imaging to record activity of cortical cent years is supported by active photonics researchers at neurons in unanesthetized mice. In addition to the speakers UCLA, resulting in strong interactions between students from UCLA, the Chapter also brought two professors from and researchers in different areas of research. The types of Caltech. On September 17, 2009, Prof. Axel Scherer of elec- photonics research at UCLA cover a wide range of fields trical engineering, applied physics, and physics at Caltech including biophotonics, nanophotonics, silicon photonics, came to UCLA to discuss his group’s work on the integra- photovoltaics, and microwave photonics. With the help tion of nanostructures for sensor systems. On November 12, of the geographical advantage and the large number of re- 2009, Prof. Changhuei Yang of electrical engineering and searchers interested in photonics or photonics-related ap- bioengineering at Caltech gave an exciting talk about how to plications, the Chapter’s activity is expected to grow in the turn biological tissues transparent by time-reversing light. coming years.

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 25 Membership Section (cont’d)

Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership

There are many benefits to becoming an IEEE Senior Member: • The professional recognition of your peers for technical and professional excellence • An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display. • Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership. • A letter of commendation to your employer on the achievement of Senior member grade (upon the request of the newly elected Senior Member.) • Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices. • Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions. • Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants. • Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications.

The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, technical executive or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in professional practice for at least ten years and shall have shown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years.”

To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version. For more information or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website: http://www. ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.html

New Senior Members

The following individuals were elevated to Senior Membership Grade thru March-April:

Terumi Chikama Partha S. Mallick Ioannis Tomkos Richard Doherty Ciaran Ruairi O’Cochlain Graham A. Turnbull Keith W. Goossen William Risk James Shafto Wilkinson Madison B. Gray Pankaj Sharma Benjamin Williams Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy Nelson Tansu

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26 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Conference Section

Recognition at OFC/NFOEC 2010

The Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition (OFC), and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (NFOEC) was held on 21–25 March, 2010 at the San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA. Recognition was made at the Plenary Session to the following recipients.

Photonics Society members who have been elevated to the grade of IEEE Fellows: (From left to right) Shigehisa Arai, David Neilson, Polina Bayvel, Benjamin Eggleton, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Yasuo Kokubun, Chang-Hee Lee, Mario Paniccia, Willie Ng, Chunming Qiao, Leslie Rusch, James Coleman (Photonics Society President), and Daniel Wilt.

C. Randy Giles received the 2010 John Tyndall Award “for seminal contributions to advanced lightwave communications networks including erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, fiber Bragg grating-based subsystems, and MEMs crossconnects.” This award The 2009 William Streifer Scientific Award was presented to is jointly sponsored by the Photonics Society, OSA and endowed Christopher Doerr, “for pioneering research on highly functional by Corning Inc. (From left to right) James C. Wyant (OSA Past- integrated optical circuits based on arrayed waveguide grating President), C. Randy Giles, Cindy Giroux (Corning, Incorpo- routers and their implementation in advanced optical networks.” rated) and James Coleman (Photonics Society President).

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 27 Conference Section (cont’d)

The 2010 IEEE Photonics Award was presented to Ivan Paul The 2010 Young Investigator Award was presented to Sander Kaminow, “for seminal contributions to electro-optic modula- Lars Jansen “for pioneering contributions in optical OFDM for tion, integrated optics, and semiconductor lasers, and leadership fiber-optic transmission systems.” in optical telecommunications.”

2010 Photonics Society Conference Calendar

SOPO June 19 – 21, 2010 2010 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics Chengdu, China www.scirp.org/conf/sopo2010/Home.aspx

PVSC June 20 – 25, 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference Hilton Hawaiian Village Honolulu, Hawaii, USA www.ieee-pvsc.org/PVSC35/

ICTON June 27 – July 1, 2010 2010 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities Palace Munich, Germany www.nit.eu/konf/icton/2010/

ICP July 5 – 7, 2010 2010 International Conference on Photonics Langkawai, Malaysia www.icp2010.com/

OECC July 5 – 9, 2010 2010 15th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference Sapporo Convention Center Sapporo, Japan www.oecc2010.org

COIN July 11 – 14, 2010 28 9th InternationalIEEE Photon Conferenceics Society onNEW OpticalSLETTER Internet June 2010 The Shilla Jeju, Korea www.coin2010.org

SUM July 19 – 21, 2010 2010 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals Fairmont Mayakoba Playa del Carmen, Riviera Maya, Mexico www.photonicsconferences.org/SUM2010 2010 Photonics Society Conference Calendar

SOPO June 19 – 21, 2010 2010 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics Chengdu, China www.scirp.org/conf/sopo2010/Home.aspx

PVSC June 20 – 25, 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference Hilton Hawaiian Village Honolulu, Hawaii, USA www.ieee-pvsc.org/PVSC35/

ICTON June 27 – July 1, 2010 2010 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities Palace Munich, Germany www.nit.eu/konf/icton/2010/

ICP July 5 – 7, 2010 2010 International Conference on Photonics Langkawai, Malaysia www.icp2010.com/

OECC July 5 – 9, 2010 2010 15th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference Sapporo Convention Center (cont’d) Sapporo,Conference Japan Section www.oecc2010.org

COIN July 11 – 14, 2010 9th International Conference on Optical Internet The Shilla Jeju, Korea www.coin2010.org

SUM July 19 – 21, 2010 2010 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals Fairmont Mayakoba Playa del Carmen, Riviera Maya, Mexico www.photonicsconferences.org/SUM2010

PIS July 25 – 28, 2010 2010 Photonics in Switching Chaminade Resort and Spa Santa Cruz, California, USA www.osa.org/meetings/topicalmeetings/PS/

MEMS August 9 – 12, 2010 2010 Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics Sapporo Convention Center Sapporo, Japan www.conferences.jp/opticalmems_nanophotonics_2010

ICCE August 11 – 13, 2010 Third International Conference on Communications and Electronics Sheraton Hotel Nha Trang, Vietnam www.hut-icce.org/2010/

GFP September 1 – 3, 2010 2010 7th International Conference on Group IV Photonics Beijing Friendship Hotel Nandajie, Beijing, China www.photonicsconferences.org/GFP2010/

NUSOD September 6 – 9, 2010 2010 10th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, USA www.nusod.org/2010/

EWOFS September 8 – 10, 2010 2010 European Workshop on Optical Fiber Sensors Porto, Portugal www.ewofs.org/

CAOL / LFNM September 10 – 14, 2010 5th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers Sevastopol, Ukraine caol.kture.kharkov.ua

JuneAVFOP 2010 September 21 – 23, 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 29 2010 IEEE Photonics Society Avionics, Fiber Optics and Photonics Technology Conference Denver Marriott Tech Center Denver, Colorado, USA www.photonicsconferences.org/AVFOP2010/ PIS July 25 – 28, 2010 2010 Photonics in Switching Chaminade Resort and Spa Santa Cruz, California, USA www.osa.org/meetings/topicalmeetings/PS/

MEMS August 9 – 12, 2010 2010 Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics Sapporo Convention Center Sapporo, Japan www.conferences.jp/opticalmems_nanophotonics_2010

ICCE August 11 – 13, 2010 Third International Conference on Communications and Electronics Sheraton Hotel Nha Trang, Vietnam www.hut-icce.org/2010/

GFP September 1 – 3, 2010 2010 7th International Conference on Group IV Photonics Beijing Friendship Hotel Nandajie, Beijing, China www.photonicsconferences.org/GFP2010/

NUSOD September 6 – 9, 2010 2010 10th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, USA www.nusod.org/2010/

EWOFS September 8 – 10, 2010 2010 European Workshop on Optical Fiber Sensors Porto, Portugal www.ewofs.org/

CAOL / LFNM September 10 – 14, 2010 5thConference International Conference Section on Advanced Optoelectronics (cont’d) and Lasers Sevastopol, Ukraine caol.kture.kharkov.ua

AVFOP September 21 – 23, 2010 2010 IEEE Photonics Society Avionics, Fiber Optics and Photonics Technology Conference Denver Marriott Tech Center Denver, Colorado, USA www.photonicsconferences.org/AVFOP2010/

ISLC September 26 – 30, 2010 22nd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference ANA Hotel Kyoto Kyoto, Japan www.photonicsconferences.org/ISLC2010/

MWP October 5 – 9, 2010 2010 IEEE Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics Hilton Hotel Montreal, Quebec, Canada www.mwp2010.org/

MOC October 31 – November 3, 2010 2010 16th Microoptics Conference National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan www.ieo.nctu.tw/moc2010

PHO November 7 – 11, 2010 2010 IEEE Photonics Society Annual Meeting Denver Marriott Tech Center Denver, Colorado, USA www.photonicsconferences.org/PHO2010

ACP December 8 – 12, 2010 Asia Communications & Photonics Conference Shanghai International Conference Center Shanghai, China www.photonicsconferences.org/ACP2010

COMMAD December 12 – 15, 2010 2010 Conference on Ooptoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices The Australian University Canberra, Australia commad2010.anu.edu.au

30 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Conference Section (cont’d)

Get Involved. Celebrate Lasers.

The entire laser community is invited to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the laser. Companies, schools, universities and local communities can participate.

Visit www.LaserFest.org to learn how your organization can participate in LaserFest.

Founding Partner of

JOIN THE CELEBRATION.

June 2010 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER 31 Conference Section (cont’d)

Call For Papers topicals 2010 19-21 july OPTICAL NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGY

FAIRMONT MAYAKOBA Playa del Carmen Riviera Maya | Mexico

TOPICS:

Novel Waveguiding, Structures and Phenomena Oscar Ibarra Manzano, University of Guanajuato, Mexico J. J. Sanchez-Mondragon, INAOE, Mexico Roman Sobolewsky, University of Rochester, USA George Stegeman, University of Central Florida, USA

Photonics SocietyIEEE Photonics Polarization Division Multiplexed Optical Transmission Systems Magnus Karlsson, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Chongjin Xie, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, USA

summer Optical Networks and Devices for Data Centers Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy, Sun Microsystems,USA David V. Plant, McGill University, USA

Nonlinear Fiber Optics Michel Marhic, University of Wales, UK Stojan Radic, University of California, USA

Photonics in Switching David Neilson, Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, USA

www.PhotonicsSociety.org Sponsored by

32 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER June 2010 Conference Section (cont’d)

June 2010 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER 33 Conference Section (cont’d)

                    

      

 

   

   

   

        

34 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Conference Section (cont’d)

Call For Papers 21-23 SEPTEMBER 2010

IEEE Photonics Society AVFOP AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICSFIBER-OPTICS ANDAND PHOTONICSPHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE

DENVER MARRIOTT TECH CENTER DENVER, COLORADO, USA

Paper Submission Deadline: 20 May 2010 | Pre-Registration Deadline: 30 August 2010

GENERAL CHAIR: Dan Harres, Boeing, USA

PROGRAM CHAIR: Praveen Anumolu, Northrop Grumman, USA

EXHIBITS CHAIR: John Gallo, Xadair Technologies, USA

www.PhotonicsSociety.org Sponsored by

June 2010 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER 35 Conference Section (cont’d)

CALL FOR PAPERS ISLC2010

22nd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference

Paper Submission 26-30 Deadline: september 26 April 2010

ANA HOTEL KYOTO TOPICS: NIJOJO MAE HORIKAWA DORI Quantum dots, nano-structures, novel materials and technologies KYOTO, JAPAN t Laser physics General Chair: t Fumio Koyama, High power lasers Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan t Surface emitting lasers Program Chair: t John Connolly Long and short wavelength lasers Innovative Photonic Solutions, USA t High speed lasers Americas Chair: t Kent D. Choquette Lasers for WDM applications University of Illinois At t Urbana-Champaign, USA Laser integrated devices t Europe Chair: Design and modeling Peter M. Smowton Cardiff University, UK t Laser fabrication Asia Chair: t Yuichi Tohmori Semiconductor ampliﬁers t

KYOTO NTT Corporation, Japan New functionalities

Sponsored by www.PhotonicsSociety.org

36 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER June 2010 Conference Section (cont’d)

call for papers 7-11 November

ieee2010 photonics society 23rd annual meeting

Paper Submission Deadline: 2 July 2010

Pre-Registration Deadline: 1 October 2010

Denver Marriott Tech Center Denver, Colorado USA

Conference General Chair: Chennupati Jagadish Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Program Chair: Dalma Novak www.PhotonicsSociety.org Pharad, LLC, USA

Member-At-Large: Sponsored by Roel Baets Ghent University, Gent, Belgium Cover Image Courtesy of Jeffrey W. Nicholson, OFS Laboratories

June 2010 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER 37 Conference Section (cont’d)

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition

A 8-12 December

C2“Where science 0 and industry 10 merge”

Shanghai International Conference Center & Oriental Riverside Hotel Shanghai China

2010 General Co-Chairs P Weisheng Hu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Dennis Matthews, University of California at Davis, USA Ming-Jun Li, Corning, USA

2010 Program Co-Chairs Dominique Chiaroni, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, France Jian-Jun He, Zhejiang University, China Ken-ichi Kitayama, Osaka University, Japan Xingde Li, Johns Hopkins University, USA Sponsored by

www.photonicsconferences.org/ACP2010

38 IEEE PhotonIcs socIEty nEWsLEttER June 2010 Conference Section (cont’d)

Forthcoming Events with ICO Participation

Below is a list of events with ICO participation that are 26–29 October coming up. For further information, see www.ico-optics. ICO/EOS Topical Meeting on Optics and Energy org/events.html. (TOM7) & Annual Meeting of the European Optical Society (EOS AM 2010) 20–24 September Paris, France RIAO/OPTILAS 2010: VII Ibero-American Conference Contact: Silke Kramprich, tel +49 511-2788-117, on Optics (RIAO) & X Latin-American Meeting on e-mail [email protected] Optics and Applications (OPTILAS) www.myeos.org/eosam2010 Lima, Peru Contact: Guillermo Baldwin Olguín, 11–15 December tel 511-6262000, fax 511-6262085, Photonics 2010, International Conference on e-mail [email protected] Fiber Optics and Photonics www.pucp.edu.pe/conferencia/riao-optilas India Contact: Sunil Khijwania; tel 91-361-2582716; 28–30 September fax 91-361-2582749, e-mail [email protected] OWLS 11 www.iitg.ernet.in/photonics2010 Quebec City, Canada Contact: Brian Wilson, tel +1 416 946 2952, 8–10 July 2011 fax +1 416 946 6529, Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) e-mail [email protected] Tunis, Tunisia www.biophotonicsworld.org/events/79-optics-within- Contact: Zohra Ben Lakhdar, tel 00216 1 872600, fax life-sciences-owls-11 00216 1 885073, e-mail [email protected]

17–21 October 15–19 August 2011 Transparent Conductive Materials (TCM2010) International Commission for Optics Congress (ICO-22) Crete, Greece Puebla, Mexico Contact: George Kiriakidis, tel +30 2810391271, Contact: Fernando Mendoza Santoyo, tel +52 477 44142, fax +30 2810391306, e-mail [email protected] fax +52 477 441-4208, e-mail [email protected] www.tcm2010.org www.cio.mx/ICO2011/1.htm

Visit the Photonics Society web site for more information: www.PhotonicsSociety.org

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 39 Publication Section

Call for Papers Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL issue is scheduled for print in July/August, 2011. **Please OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM note: Accepted papers will be rapid posted online in ELECTRONICS on Nanowires IEEE Xplore ideally within six weeks after author has Submission Deadline: July 1, 2010 uploaded his/her final files online, if there should be no changes or correction to the final manuscript dur- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics ing the author’s proof stage. invites manuscript submissions on nanowires. Nanowires are considered as building blocks for the next generation Online submission is mandatory at: http://mc.manuscript of electronics, photonics, energy, sensors and biomedical central.com/pho-ieee Please select the Journal of Selected applications. One dimensional nanowire structures offer Topics Of Quantum Electronics Journal from the drop unique opportunities to control properties of semiconduc- down menu. tors such as density of states, transport of electrons and photons. Another important feature of nanowires is to en- For inquiries please contact directly at: able growth of heterostructures of materials with large lat- Chin Tan Lutz tice and thermal mismatch without creating dislocations. IEEE/Photonics Society This provides an unprecedented flexibility to create a broad Publications Coordinator range of structures with a combination of materials for a va- 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA riety of applications. Nanowires may lead to the integration Phone: 732-465-5813, Email: [email protected] of microelectronic devices on silicon with optoelectronic and photonic devices based on compound semiconductors. For all papers published in JSTQE, there are voluntary page charges of $110.00 per page for each page up to eight Topics covered in the special issue include (and not pages. Invited papers can be twelve pages and Contributed limited to): papers should be 8 pages in length before overlength page i) group IV, II-VI, III-V semiconductors, nitrides, ox- charges of $220.00 per page are levied. The length of each ides, chalcopyrites, chalcogenides and other optical paper is estimated when it is received. Authors of papers materials that appear to be overlength are notified and given the op- ii) growth, synthesis, fabrication, patterning and tion to shorten the paper. Additional charges will apply if assembly color figures are required. iii) control of size, geometry, shape, position, composi- tion, doping, heterostructures (axial and radial) The following supporting documents are required during iv) optical, optoelectronic properties manuscript submission: v) theory, modeling and simulations 1) MS Word or PDF formatted manuscript (double vi) lasers, LEDs, detectors, solar cells, waveguides, columned, 12 pages for an Invited Paper, 8 pages optical sensors, optical switches, non-linear optical for a Contributed paper. Bios of ALL authors are devices and others mandatory; photos are optional. You may find the vii) photonics, plasmonics, energy applications Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/ web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html The Guest Editors for this issue are: Chennupati Jagadish, 2) Completed the IEEE Copyright Form. Copy and Australian National University – Canberra, Australia; paste the link below: http://www.ieee.org/web/ Kimberly Dick-Thelander, Lund University – Lund, publications/rights/copyrightmain.html Sweden; Ray LaPierre, McMaster University – Hamil- 3) Completed Color Agreement/decline form. Please ton, Canada; Junichi Motohisa, Hokkaido University – email [email protected] to request this form. Sapporo, Japan. 4) MS Word list of ALL Authors, FULL Contact information as stated below: Last name (Family name): / The deadline for submission of manuscripts is July 1, First name: Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.):/Affiliation:/ 2010; electronic publication will appear as soon as the Dept.:/Address:/Telephone:/Fax:/Email:/Alternative manuscripts are accepted; publication of the entire special Email:

40 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Publication Section (cont’d)

Preliminary Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Packaging and Integration technologies for Optical MEMS/NEMS, Optoelectronic and Nanophotonic Devices Submission Deadline: July 1, 2010

It is increasingly difficult to meet the high-bandwidth density, low-latency, and low-energy communication requirements of current and future terascale computing systems using conventional electrical interconnects. Optical devices and optical interconnects can overcome these limitations. A vast amount of work is being carried out in the development of optical interconnects, optical PCBs and chip-to-chip as well as on-chip optical interconnections. In order to reduce the footprint and cost of the optical interconnects, the size of the optical components needs to be reduced and more functionality must be integrated within one component. Silicon wire, plasmonic waveguides and photonic crystal structures are just examples of approaches to reach these goals. Coupling these tiny structures to the external world, which is dominated by optical fiber, presents a challenge, especially since the solutions need to be cost effective and manufacturable. As optical packages become more compact and dense, new problems arise in reconciling the I/O bandwidth, power delivery and cooling needs. If wafer integration is the pathway to low cost integrated optical modules, wafer-level testing of optical CMOS ICs would be a necessary testing tool. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics invites manuscript submissions in the area of optical MEMS/NEMS, optoelectronic and nanophotonic packaging and integration technologies. Technical areas include but are not limited to:

x 3D stack integration, 3D optical interconnect methods x Novel materials and bonding methods for optical packaging x Heat and power management in 3D optical stacks x Wafer-level testing on optical CMOS ICs x Wafer-level packaging of optical MEMS/NEMS and optical modules x Novel nanophotonic integration methods x Photonics heterointegration techniques x Optical sources, detectors and waveguide device integration with CMOS x Coupling into and from silicon nanowire and plasmonic waveguide devices for manufacturing x Optical PCB, Chip-to-chip, intra-chip and Free-Space Interconnection; x Optical microbench & Passive Alignment Technology; x Fully portable miniaturized optical modules x Active Alignment Methods and Tools; x Photonics packaging reliability issues and design for reliability

The Guest Editors for this Issue are: Sonia García-Blanco, Institute National d’Optique (INO), Québec, Canada; Karen Matthews, Corning Incorporated, USA; Muhannad Bakir, Georgia Tech, USA; Folkert Horst, IBM Zurich, Switzerland; Keishi Ohashi, NEC Nano Electronics Research Lab, Japan.

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is July 1, 2010; publication is scheduled for May/June, 2011. Ideally, papers that have been accepted will be posted online at IEEE Xplore 6 weeks after acceptance decision, pending no page proof corrections.

Online submission is mandatory at: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee. Please select the Journal of Selected Topics of Quantum Electronics Journal from the drop-down menu. Contributed papers should be up to eight pages in length, and invited up to 12 pages. Beyond that, a charge of $220 per page applies. All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal.

For inquiries for this Special Issue, please contact: JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz IEEE/Photonics Society, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. Phone: 732-465-5813, Email: [email protected]

The following supporting documents are required during manuscript submission:

1) MS Word or PDF formatted manuscript (double columned, 12 pages for an Invited Paper, 8 pages for a Contributed paper.)Bios of ALL authors are mandatory, photos are optional. You may find the Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html

2) Completed the IEEE Copyright Form. Copy and paste the link below: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/rights/copyrightmain.html

3) Completed Color Agreement/decline form. Please email [email protected] to request this form.

4) MS Word list of ALL Authors FULL Contact information as stated below: Last name (Family name): /First name: Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.):/Affiliation:/ Dept.: / Address:/ Telephone:/ Fax:/ Email:/ Alternative Email:

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 41 Publication Section (cont’d)

Call for Papers Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL The Guest Editors for this issue are Margaret Murnane, OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM University of Colorado, USA; Andrew Weiner, Purdue ELECTRONICS on Ultrafast Science University, USA; Albert Stolow, National Research Coun- and Technology cil, Canada, and Dennis Matthews, University of Califor- Submission Deadline: September 1, 2010 nia, Davis, USA

Ultrafast Science and Technology is a vibrant and grow- The deadline for submission of manuscripts is September ing field that is impacting an ever broader range of science, 1, 2010; publication is scheduled for September/October engineering, industry and bio-medical research. New ultra- of 2011. Ideally, papers that have been accepted will fast laser and optical technologies continue to be developed be posted online at IEEE Xplore 6 weeks after accep- spanning from the x-ray to the THz region of the spectrum. tance decision, pending no page proof corrections. These advances are driving new discoveries in areas ranging from fundamental molecular, biological and materials dy- Online Submission is Mandatory at: http://mc.manuscript namics, to precision measurements, to biomedical science, central.com/pho-ieee. Please select the Journal of Selected to micromachining, to metrology and new super-resolution Topics of Quantum Electronics Journal from the drop down imaging capabilities. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in menu. Contributed papers should be up to eight pages in Quantum Electronics invites manuscript submissions in length, and invited up to 12 pages. Beyond that, a charge the area of ultrafast science and technology. The purpose of of $220 per page apply. All submissions will be reviewed in this issue of JSTQE is to highlight the recent progress and accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal. exciting trends in both the development and applications of ultrafast science and technology. Broad targeted areas in- For inquiries for this Special Issue, clude (but are not limited to): please contact: JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz CHEMICAL DYNAMICS, MATERIALS DYNAMICS, IEEE/Photonics Society, BIO and BIOMED DYNAMICS, ELECTRONICS AND 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. OPTO-ELECTRONICS, HIGH FIELD SCIENCE and UL- Phone: 732-465-5813, TRAFAST TECHNOLOGY Email: [email protected] c Next generation ultrafast technologies • Advanced ultrafast lasers The following supporting documents are required during • New measurement capabilities manuscript submission: • Waveform control, stabilization, shaping and 1) MS Word or PDF formatted manuscript (double applications columned, 12 pages for an Invited Paper, 8 pages c Capturing dynamics in molecules and materials for a Contributed paper.) Bios of ALL authors are • Novel spectroscopies mandatory; photos are optional. You may find the • Correlated dynamics in molecules and materials Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/ • Ultrafast nanoscience web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html c Ultrafast microscopy, bioscience and biotechnology 2) Completed the IEEE Copyright Form. Copy and • Advances in multiphoton microscopies paste the link below: http://www.ieee.org/web/ • Laser-based patterning and materials modification publications/rights/copyrightmain.html • Novel sensing and diagnostics 3) Completed Color Agreement/decline form. Please c High field ultrafast science email [email protected] to request this form. • Novel ultrafast light sources and architectures span- 4) MS Word list of ALL Authors, FULL Contact infor- ning from x-ray to THz mation as stated below: • Laser-based particle accelerators Last name (Family name): /First name: Suffix (Dr./ • X-ray nonlinear optics Prof./Ms./Mr.):/Affiliation:/ Dept.: / Address:/ • Attosecond science and manipulation Telephone:/ Fax:/ Email:/ Alternative Email:

42 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Publication Section (cont’d)

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Nonlinear-Optical Signal Processing Submission Deadline: November 14, 2010

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics invites contributions of original papers in the area of nonlinear- optical signal processing. All-optical processing of high-speed signals, enabled by nonlinear-optical devices, is a critical function for future optical communication, computing, and military applications. Progress in nonlinear materials, such as highly nonlinear fibers, photonic- crystal structures, silicon and chalcogenide waveguides, quasi-phase-matched crystals etc., has led to the reduction of the powers required for nonlinear-optical signal processing down to levels compatible with compact semiconductor lasers, and has paved the way to on-chip integration of such processing devices and systems. These advances enable the development of novel optical signal processing architectures and schemes that can bring nonlinear-optical signal processing to practical deployment. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to document the state of the art and recent developments in the field, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Solicitation topics include (but are not limited to): Nanophotonic nonlinear-optical devices Optical data format conversion Nonlinear-optical applications of plasmonics Optical limiting Nonlinear processing systems on-a-chip 2R and 3R regeneration Quantum information processing All-optical clock recovery Phase-sensitive amplification All-optical switching / gating Phase conjugation Parallel multi-wavelength processing Wavelength conversion Optical buffering Frequency translation Optical burst / packet switching Frequency comb generation All-optical OTDM multiplexing / demultiplexing / sampling Nonlinear pulse shaping Optical bi-stability The Guest Editors for this issue are: Michael Vasilyev (University of Texas at Arlington, USA), Yikai Su (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China), and Colin J. McKinstrie (Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, USA). The deadline for submission of manuscripts is November 14, 2010; printed publication is scheduled for November/December 2011. JSTQE aims for rapid time from submission to online publication. Ideally, accepted papers will be posted online at the IEEE Xplore website within 6 weeks after the authors have uploaded their Final Files, if there are no page proof corrections. Online submission is mandatory at: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee . Please select the Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics from the drop down menu. All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal. For inquiries regarding this special Nonlinear-Optical Signal Processing Issue, please contact: JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz IEEE/Photonics Society, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Phone: 732-465-5813, e-mail: [email protected] The following supporting documents are required during manuscript submission: 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double-columned, 12 pages for an Invited Paper, 8 pages for a Contributed Paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 imposed per page. Biographies of ALL authors are mandatory, photos are optional. You may find the Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html 2) Completed IEEE Copyright Form. Copy and paste the link below: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/rights/copyrightmain.html 3) Completed Color Agreement/decline form. Please e-mail [email protected] to request this form. 4) MS Word document list of ALL Authors’ FULL Contact information as stated below: Last name (Family name): / First name: Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.): / Affiliation: / Dept. / Address: / Telephone: / Fax: / E-mail: / Alternative E-mail:

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 43 Publication Section (cont’d)

Preliminary Call For Papers Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL in IEEE Xplore ideally within six weeks after author has up- OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM loaded his/her final files, pending no page proof corrections. ELECTRONICS on Semiconductor Lasers Submission Deadline: December 1, 2010 Online Submission is Mandatory at: http://mc.manuscript central.com/pho-ieee. Please select the Journal of Selected The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Topics of Quantum Electronics Journal from the drop down Electronics invites manuscript submissions in the area of menu. semiconductor lasers. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is document the current state of the art in semiconductor For any questions about this Special Issue, please contact: lasers through a collection of original papers. Chin Tan Lutz IEEE/Photonics Society Although the issue will serve as a venue for publication of JSTQE Publication Coordinator full-length journal papers expanding upon talks presented 445 Hoes Lane at the 2010 International Semiconductor Laser Conference, the Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA issue is open to any relevant submissions in the semicon- Phone: 732-465-5813 ductor laser field. Email: [email protected]

Possible topics for this issue include but are not necessarily The following supporting documents are required during limited to: manuscript submission: 1) MS Word or PDF formatted manuscript (double • high-speed VCSELs columned, 12 pages for an Invited Paper. Contrib- • high-speed edge-emitting lasers uted paper should be double columned, 8 pages in • laser dynamics length before overlength page charges of $220.00 • high power lasers with extra features per page are levied. Authors of papers that appear • short pulse sources to be overlength are notified and given the option • micro- and nanolasers to shorten the paper. Additional charges will apply • dilute-nitride lasers if color figures are required.) • short wavelength and visible lasers Bios of ALL authors are mandatory, photos are • quantum dot/wire lasers optional. You may find the Tools for Authors link • photonic crystal lasers useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/ • lasers on new semiconductor compounds authors/transjnl/index.html • tunable lasers 2) Completed the IEEE Copyright Form. Copy and • lasers in photonic integrated circuits paste the link below: http://www.ieee.org/web/ • quantum cascade and mid-IR lasers publications/rights/copyrightmain.html • THz lasers 3) Completed Color Agreement/decline form. If your paper is accepted, you may have it in color, online The Primary Guest Editor for this Issue is Prof. Luke F. in our IEEE Explore site for free. However, if you Lester of the University of New Mexico, USA. The Guest wish for color in print, please check of the appro- Co-Editors include Dr. Vassilios Kovanis of the Air Force priate Agree/decline box. (Please email c.tanlutz@ Research Laboratory and Dr. Yuichi Tohmori of NTT ieee.org to request for this form.) Electronics Corp., Japan. 4) MS Word list of ALL Authors FULL Contact information as stated below: Last name (Family The deadline for submission of manuscripts is December name): /First name:Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr): /Af- 1, 2010 and publication is scheduled July/August 2011. filiation: /Dept: /Address: /Telephone: /Fax: /Email: / *Please note: Accepted papers will be rapid posted online Alternative Email:

44 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Publication Section (cont’d)

Sensors Council CALL FOR PAPERS IEEE Sensors Journal Special issue on Design Methodologies for Low Power Arrays The advancements in CMOS image sensor technology over the past two decades has led to an increasingly important role of these components in a wide variety of systems. The recent widespread integration of digital cameras in small consumer devices, has brought a demand for large, low cost and low power image sensors. Naturally, these requirements come with a number of design challenges, starting with the design of the pixels themselves, and continuing with the implementation of the large arrays, efficient development of peripheral circuits, accurate readout of the measured signals, dealing with the hardships of process scaling and the increasing requirement for low power consumption. This said, image sensors are not the only large arrays that are commonly integrated on silicon dies. The requirement for large memory arrays has been around for a much longer time than the integrated image sensor, and has been widely researched. Many of the challenges mentioned above, have been acute to the world of memory development for many years, and a vast spectrum of solutions have been proposed and implemented. Specifically, the field of low power consumption, which is a relative newcomer in the world of image sensors, is one of the central focuses of memory design for quite some time. The objective of this special issue is to bring together state-of-art research in sensor and memory arrays. The contributed papers will specifically address issues related to common problems and challenges, mutual to image sensors, memory arrays, and other large arrays, with a focus on Low Power. This special issue will focus on all aspects of design, development, implementation, operation, and applications of low power arrays and will also include techniques for power reduction in one field that can be implemented in the other. In addition, the issue will discuss component sharing opportunities in systems that incorporate multiple arrays with mutual functionality. Notes for Prospective Authors: Submitted papers should not have been previously published nor be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. Expanded, archival versions of papers delivered at technical conferences are welcomed. All papers are refereed through a web-based peer review process. A guide for authors, sample copies and other relevant information for submitting papers are available at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sensors under the heading “Information for Authors.”

Deadlines: • Manuscript Submission: Sep 15th, 2010 • Notification of Acceptance: Dec 15th, 2010 • Final Manuscript due: Jan 15th, 2011 • Tentative publication date: April, 2011

Guest Editors: Orly Yadid-Pecht, DSc Kaushik Roy, PhD Alexander Fish, PhD ENEL Department ECE Department ECE Department University of Calgary Purdue University West Lafayette, Ben-Gurion University, AB, Canada IN, USA [email protected] Beer-Sheva, Israel [email protected] [email protected]

IEEE Sensors Journal: The IEEE Sensors Journal is a peer-reviewed print and online journal devoted to sensors and sensing phenomena. It is published by the IEEE Sensors Council, which consists of 26 IEEE Societies – with a combined membership of 260,000. More than 2 million scientists, engineers and students have access to the articles via their organizations’subscription to the IEEE Electronic Library, www.ieee.org/ieeexplore.

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 45 Publication Section (cont’d)

CALL FOR PAPERS IEEE Sensors Journal Special issue on Sensors for Non-Invasive Physiological Monitoring

A modern health diagnostic approaches evolve, clinicians increasingly rely on modern sensor tools to aid in patient care. Engineering approaches to non-invasive physiological monitoring have the potential to revolutionize the ways that doctors can diagnose and manage complex patient health care issues, and this can result in increased standards of health care. Technologies that allow for non-invasive physiological monitoring will need to incorporate novel sensors that will meet a range of engineering design challenges. This special topics issue will explore novel sensors and methods that are currently being researched and developed in academic, national laboratories and industrial settings. Original research contributions, tutorials and review papers are sought in non-invasive physiological monitoring areas including (but not limited to): · Non-contact respiration and heart rate · System level designs for hand-held measurements mobile breath sensing systems · Chemical sensors for metabolite monitoring in · Imaging approaches for diagnostics human effluents · Rapid and non-invasive stress · Informatics approaches to interpret sensor measurement devices outputs for health diagnostics · Neuro-physiology · Signal processing · Non invasive and wearable devices · Metrology aspects · Tactile or galvanic skin sensors

Solicited and invited papers shall undergo the standard IEEE Sensors Journal peer review process. All manuscripts must be submitted on-line using the IEEE Sensors manuscript template and Information for Authors, via the IEEE Manuscript CentralTM found at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sensors. Upon submission, authors should select the “Sensors for Non-Invasive Physiological Monitoring” manuscript type instead of “Regular Paper.” Authors for this Special Issue are encouraged to suggest names of potential reviewers for their manuscripts in the space provided for these recommendations in Manuscript Central. Deadlines: Manuscript Submission: 01 September 2010 Notification of Acceptance: December/January 2010 Final Manuscript due: April 2011 Tentative publication date: July 2011 Guest Editors:

Aimé Lay-Ekuakille Olfa Kanoun Università del Salento (Italy) Technische Universität Chemnitz (Germany) [email protected] [email protected]

Cristina Davis Zhihong Li University of California, Davis (USA) Peking University (China) [email protected] [email protected]

Antonio Trabacca IRCCS “Eugenio Medea” Scientific Institute – LNF (Italy) [email protected]

46 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Publication Section (cont’d)

Announcing a Special Issue of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology in Association with the 29th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE 2011) Display Technologies for Consumer Electronics

Deadline for Abstracts (2-page IEEE format) – 31st July 2010 Deadline for Full Manuscripts – 15th January 2011

Submissions are invited of 2-page extended abstracts for presentation at ICCE 2011, to be followed by full manuscripts and subsequent publication in a special issue of the Journal of Display Technology. Submissions are open on any topic which is relevant to modern Consumer Electronic devices, systems or services but the focus should be on the display technology and its relevance or significance for CE. Topics for which submissions are particularly welcome include 3D and immersive display technology; low power and energy efficient displays; eBook and micro-projector displays; improvements in current display technologies; novel and emerging technologies which are relevant for next-generation CE products. Extended abstracts – 2 pages in IEEE format – may be submitted up to the 31st July for presentation in a number of special sessions at ICCE 2011 to be held immediately after Jan CES in Las Vegas. ICCE is where key technologies, services, devices and architectures for consumer entertainment and information delivery are first presented. Full papers based on accepted abstracts – up to 12 pages IEEE format - may also be submitted by mid-January and will be considered for publication in a special issue of the JDT later in 2011. Guest Editors for this issue are Dr. Atul Batra of Marvell Semiconduc- tors Inc., Prof Uwe E. Kraus of the University of Wuppertal and Dr Peter Corcoran of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Associate Guest Editors are Dr. Wang-He Lou of Mitsubishi Digital Electronics America and William Rowe of WA Rowe Consultancy. All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal and ICCE 2011. Two page conference digest papers will be published in the Proceedings of ICCE 2011 and full manuscripts should be submitted by 15th January 2011. Manuscripts which are not submitted to ICCE may be considered for publication in this special issue, but preference will be given to manuscripts which are initially presented at the conference. The IEEE Copyright Form should be submitted after acceptance. For ICCE digest papers details can be found on http:// www.icce.org. For full manuscripts the form will appear online in the Author Center in Manuscript Central after an acceptance decision has been rendered. For all papers published in JDT, there are voluntary page charges of $110.00 per page for each page up to eight pages. Invited papers can be twelve pages in length before overlength page charges of $220.00 per page are levied. The length of each paper is estimated when it is received. Authors of papers that appear to be overlength are notified and given the option to shorten the paper. Authors may opt to have figures displayed in color on IEEE Xplore at no extra cost, even if they are printed in black and white in the hardcopy edition. Additional charges will apply if figures appear in color in the hardcopy edition of the Journal. Extended abstracts should first be submitted to http://www.icce.org by July 31st 2010. Following acceptance full manuscripts should be submitted electronically through IEEE’s Manuscript Central: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jdt- ieee. Be sure to select “2011 Display Technologies for Consumer Electronics” as the Manuscript Type, rather than “Original Paper.” This will ensure that your paper is directed to the special issue editors. IEEE Tools for Authors are available online at: http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/information.htm

Inquiries can be directed to Lisa Jess, Publications Administrative Assistant, IEEE Photonics Society Editorial Office, [email protected] (phone +1-732-465-6617; fax +1 732 981 1138).

June 2010 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER 47 ADVERTISER’S INDEX The Advertiser’s Index contained in this issue is IEEE Photonics compiled as a service to our readers and advertisers. The publisher is not liable for errors or omis- sions although every effort is made to ensure its Society Newsletter accuracy. Be sure to let our advertisers know you found them through the IEEE Photonics Society Advertising Sales Offices Newsletter. 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08854 Advertiser ...... Page # www.ieee.org/ieeemedia Impact this hard-to-reach audience in their own Society Optiwave Systems Inc . . . . . CVR2 publication. For further information on product and Picosecond Pulse Labs, Inc...... 3 recruitment advertising, call your local sales office. Rsoft Design Group ...... 9 MANAGEMENT Midwest/Ontario, Canada New England/ IEEE MDL ...... 19 James A. Vick Will Hamilton Eastern Canada Staff Director, Advertising John Murphy John Restchack Optimax Systems, Inc ...... 7 Phone: 212-419-7767 Phone: 269-381-2156 Phone: 212-419-7578 California Scientific, Inc ...... 21 Fax: 212-419-7589 Fax: 269-381-2556 Fax: 212-419-7589 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] IEEE Marketing ...... CVR3 [email protected] ME, VT, NH, MA, RI Susan E. Schneiderman IN, MI. Canada: Ontario Canada: Quebec, General Photonics ...... 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48 IEEE Photonics Society NEWSLETTER June 2010 Can tactile computing prevent a car accident?

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