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Additive Chemistry Performance you can rely on. Engine Testing and Rating InfineumInsight.com/Learn ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 1 Performance you can rely on. Agenda 01 The need for engine tests 02 Development of lubricant tests 03 Engineering Team support 04 How engines are rated 05 The future of engine testing ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 2 Performance you can rely on. Why Run Engine Tests? ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 3 Performance you can rely on. Why Run Engine Tests? In response to Solve field issue Ensuring a Product industry drivers: and verify particular approvals • CO2 reduction durability with performance • Aftertreatment compatibility new level components ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 4 Performance you can rely on. The Main Challenges Oxidation Seal Compatibility Conductivity FUEL CLEANLINESS WEAR ECONOMY LSPI Corrosion ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 5 Performance you can rely on. What is Tested? Ring on liner Valvetrain WEAR Bearings ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 6 Performance you can rely on. Ring-on-liner WEAR Critical area of Adhesive and combustion TDC: abrasive wear • Low speed • High pressure • High temperature Wear control critical for • Blow-by • Oil consumption ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 7 Performance you can rely on. Valvetrain WEAR Cam Tappet Two systems: Adhesive and • Cam over tappet corrosive wear • Rocker arm with roller follower Critical operating conditions Critical for control • Low speed on valve opening • High contact pressure times and damages ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 8 Performance you can rely on. Bearing WEAR Abrasive and Critical operating conditions corrosive wear, • Low speed cavitation • High contact pressure Catastrophic engine failure ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 9 Performance you can rely on. The Main Challenges Oxidation Seal Compatibility Conductivity FUEL CLEANLINESS WEAR ECONOMY LSPI Corrosion ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 10 Performance you can rely on. Piston Deposits CLEANLINESS Undercrown Piston Lands Cooling Gallery ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. Piston Grooves 11 Performance you can rely on. Turbocharger Deposits CLEANLINESS Good Bad ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 12 Performance you can rely on. Sludge CLEANLINESS G O O D B A D ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 13 Performance you can rely on. The Main Challenges Oxidation Seal Compatibility Conductivity FUEL CLEANLINESS WEAR ECONOMY LSPI Corrosion ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 14 Performance you can rely on. What is Tested? Fuel economy: FUEL • Fuel consumption ECONOMY • Friction torque Evaluation of component friction contribution via strip-down testing: This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 15 Performance you can rely on. Developing an Engine Test ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 16 Performance you can rely on. Developing an Engine Test Not every engine test is a good lubricant test Engine test development – three targets: 1. 2. 3. Discrimination Repeatability Severity ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 17 Performance you can rely on. Developing a New Test Method CEC Understanding OEM Industry test test ASTM Engineering Team support Objectives Target Test control Data Generated • Quality • PCMO, HDD • Operating conditions • Operational data • Time • OEM • Hardware • Oil analytics • Cost • Generic tool • Reference oil / fuel • Wear measurements • Availability • Measurements • Engine rating • Oil analysis • Result resolution ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 18 Performance you can rely on. A Tool for Every Need •Increasing cost and time to develop/acquire data Field Chassis Fired Motored Motored Bench Testing Dyno Engine Engine Sub Rigs assembly Diminishing ability to demonstrate REAL performance ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 19 Performance you can rely on. Chassis Dyno Tests Source: Wikimedia Commons Real world Fuel economy Controlled driving and emission conditions environment measurement ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 20 Performance you can rely on. Fired Engine Tests Screening Real-world Global and issue performance approval ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 21 Performance you can rely on. Motored Engine Tests Fuel High Eco friendly economy performance throughput ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 22 Performance you can rely on. Motored Sub-assembly Tests Fuel economy New In-depth and anti-wear formulation analysis technology ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 23 Performance you can rely on. What Operating Conditions? WLTC Motored friction rig JC08 development NEDC • Available data used as input Speed and temperature from: • - Chassis dyno • - Field trials Realistic conditions ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 24 Performance you can rely on. What Operating Conditions? Test conditions are chosen to stress the engine and oil - examples Running condition change Parameter affected High power and high speed Oil oxidation, oil drain interval Stop/start, low speed Wear High EGR Oil degradation, nitration, soot formation Over-fuelling, low boost and Soot formation timing changes Special fuel Sludge formation, acid attack etc. Increased blow-by Oil degradation, piston deposits ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 25 Performance you can rely on. Reference Oils and Test Control Test method Reference oils for Monitoring to check test monitoring stable operation Absolute vs relative limits High reference: • Oil known to give good performance Low reference: • Oil known to show problems in the test ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 26 Performance you can rely on. Used Oil Analyses What is tested? Viscometrics Metal Analysis Soot, Oxidation and TAN and TBN • KV100 viscosity Lead, iron, tin, Nitration • Control of acids • • Control of oil aluminium, chromium Control of soot • Oil life thickening • Indicates wear and induced oil thickening corrosion • • Control viscosity loss Combustion quality due to: Calcium, magnesium, • Thermal breakdown • Shearing zinc, phosphorous, boron • Fuel dilution • Checks additive chemistry ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 27 Performance you can rely on. How are Engines Rated? ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 28 Performance you can rely on. How Are Engines Rated? Test measurements Quantitative Oil Viscosity Oil Properties Fuel Qualitative • Wear KV100 (cSt) change • TAN and TBN Economy Visual rating • Oxidation Weight of • Methodology • Size change (in • Nitration fuel used microns) • Training • Weight loss (in mg) • Judgement • Increase in oil metal • Levels (ppm) • Oil consumption • Secondary indicators ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 29 Performance you can rely on. Examples Daimler Sequence Daimler OM501LA X OM646LA DD13 BMW B48 Scuffing ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 30 Performance you can rely on. ASTM D8074-18 DD13 scuffing test WEAR Detroit Diesel DD13 Engine Duration: 200 hours • Stage 1 (30 hours) - 50% load • Stage 2 - 90% load Parameter: Hours to Scuff (min 31 hrs) Evaluates: Key facts: Used oil analysis includes: HDD engine oil Uncoated piston rings for • Viscosity ring-liner scuffing wear increased severity • Soot protection performance • Oxidation • Fe content (real time) ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 31 Performance you can rely on. DD13 Scuffing Test Minimal wear Scuffing marks ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 32 Performance you can rely on. CEC L-101 Test OM501 LA CLEANLINESS Daimler OM501 Engine Duration: 300 hours • Cyclic speed • Constant speed – Full load, rated speed Parameters: Piston Cleanliness, Bore Polish, Oil consumption, Engine Sludge Evaluates Key facts Used oil analysis includes HDD engine oil Sensitive to engine • Viscosity cleanliness performance operating conditions • Soot and hardware • Oxidation • ICP wear metals ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 33 Performance you can rely on. Daimler OM501LA Pass Fail Land 1 Groove 1 Land 2 Groove 2 ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 34 Performance you can rely on. Future of Engine Testing Engine Simulation Hybridisation and Electrification Advanced screening Ways of testing will be different • Improved relevance • Testing mix • Reduced time to market • Complex control strategy ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 35 Performance you can rely on. Summary Well designed engine tests are realistic and practical oil performance demonstrator Discrimination Repeatability Severity Environmental OEMs Legislation Specification Field Performance Bench Field Additive Suppliers Problem Tests Tests Engine New Engine Tests Technology Industry bodies ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2019. All Rights Reserved. 36 Performance you can rely on. Permissions Permission is given for storage of one copy in electronic means for reference
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