DOCSLIB.ORG

Aquaculture Possibilities in Some Islands of the South Pacific

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aquaculture Possibilities in Some Islands of the South Pacific DP/RAS/69/102/l? ?O Jllne 19'{2 SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS - AQUACUUi1URE AQUACULTURE POSSIBILITIES IN SOME ISLANDS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC Report prepared for the Sout~ Pacific Islands Fisheries Development Programme by D~K .. Villaluz Aquaculture Consultant Food and Agrioul'ture Organi:l.a.ti<m o:r the United Nations Rome, 1972 iii fl11\J3LE OF COJilTENTS v 1 • IN'l'RODUCTJON 1 1.1 Te:crns of Refe1,ence 1 1 o2 Bac1q:;rouncl Information 1 2. Ii'IJI ISIJ'.JiJJ)S 2.1 Jlfatm,2.l Resources ancl their Economic Possibilities 1 2. 2 F1'eshwo..ter Aquaculture 3 2. 3 T~.Ttua:c,ine Aquaculture 6 2.4 Rocorr,mendatiomi 7 J. TARAH/',. 9 3. 1 lici,t1x'.'al Resources and their Economic Possibilities 9 3.2 ?:rivate Ente:0 prise Fishponcls 10 3. 3 Gove:;."Emmrt :::;]d uarine Fishponds 12 3 .4 R0oornmenclations 13 4. Rf\.ROTONG.A " CQO~( IS Lfl.j\TDS 14 4, 1 Pcs::;foilities o:f Freshwater Aquaculture 14 .1 .• 2 Possibilitie8 of E;-Jtuarine and Marine Aqutwulture 16 4.3 Recornmenclations 18 5. i:wnrn. 19 5.1 Natu:.~~1 Resou:rces and their Economic Possibilities 19· 5. 2 Brackisb.water Fish Cultu.r<3 19 5.3 O~hlino of Pilot Project 22 6. hJE3TEW_if SA11IIOA 23 6. 1 lifat1..real Resources ancl their Economic Possibilities 23 6. 2 Il.0001nrc.ond.at ions 25 7. PAGO-PAG0 1 .AME:RICAN S.l\MOA 7~1 JITe,tu:ral Resources and their Economic Possibilities 7. 2 Aquacul turo 7. 3 Heoommencla.tions iv - 8. FRENCH POliYNESIA 30 8.1 Natural Resources and their Economic Possibilities 30 8.2 Types of Aquaculture that Appear Promising under Local Oonclitions 31 8. 3 Recommendations 39 9 t PALAU 40 9.1 Natural Resources and their Economic Possibilities 40 9.2 Aquaculture Possibilieies 40 9.3 Recommendations 43 10. liJEW OALELONIA 43 10.1 Natural Resources and -!;heir Economic Possibilities 43 10.2 Recommendations 45 11 • COW!MENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 46 App endiY::.J_. HYDROLOGY 48 Appendix 2. A BRIEF SURVEY OF OBSERVATIONS ON THE POSSIBILITY OF AQUACULTURE IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC 50 .ABBREVIATIONS ac acre 4 047 m2 cm centimetre kg kilogramme g = gramme ft feet =; 30.480 cm in inch 2.540 cm lb pound ::: 0.4536 kg t metric ton mi mile 1.6093 km ha hectare Rp == Rearin5~ poncl Hp :::: Head pond PVC Poly-Vinyl-Chloride MSU-,SCTO := Mindana,o State University - Sulu College of Technology and Oceanography = square metre 1 " UlTRODUCTIO!:T Tho Governments of the South Pacific Islands (Am:rtralio,, }]'ranee, Neu Zealand, United Kingdom, United States of America and Hestern Samoa), assisted by the United Jfa,-[;ions Development Prograimne and the Food and. Agriculture Organization of the United nations, a,re enge,gecl in 8, project whose wain pm•pose is to assist in the este,blishment and operation of a South Pacific Isl;;~nds Fisheries J)evelopmeu-t; Age:no;}" to cl..e-termine feasibility areas of fisher,y development in the region anrl to e,ssist in formulation anrl implementation of s:)ecific e,ction programmes in the various island territories. The project became operational on 22 July 1970 and as part of the project operation, FAO assigTwd <?,n Aquacul-ture IDonsuHant (Nr. D.K. Villaluz) from 25 June 1971 ·!Jo 27 Octo1)er 1971 with the follo1·1i11g -Germs of reference: 11 To investigate the possibili t;-/ of aquaculture in the South Pacific and to study tho soil and the wder conditions, fish £1,Vailable for culture, locate areas f:l'.'om v1here stocking material could be collected, select the type or types of culture that appear promising under local conditions and design pilot scale experiments e,t suitable sites fordetermininf, 1he ·l;echnical e,nd economic possibilities of ouHure lmder locs,l concl.i tions11 • 1 • 2 BACKGROUiW IHii'OHr.'lil.TI ON The Consultant 1 s observations in some South Pacific Islands demonstra,te the ur5e11JG need of the irihabitants for p~C'otein food. The limited land areas of the islands, which are genero,11~· volcanic or ci,toll in origin, vri th extensive coral reefs, indicate the;t the greater bulk of .protein food needed. here must be supplied from the vast surrotmding waters o:r the Pacific. In the inla.nd ano_ coastal we,ters of these islands, fish farming would be useful, especiall~r for the islanclers ·t;o participate in activel;/ t even to the eJdent of pJ~ocluoing their OW1. d.2.il;:,r requirements for fish protein food. To ene,ble them to accomplish self-help in food production, the Consultant tried to evaluate the problems and simplif;:,r as muoh as possible the approach to probable solutions e,s presented in this report. Although some observations m1d da:b0, presented herein are inoornp1ete, due to the limited time he could spend in each of ·!;he islands involved, efforts were made to ge,ther informe,tion from mal'\Y sources, both government and private sectors. 2. FIJI ISLAlfDS 2·.·1 liTATURAL illliSOURCES J\Jm THTIJIH ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES Deltas and Mangrove Swamps --~-~-~~ ... ,.,,,,,,~ The physical relief maps of Vamla Levu show Lekuru delta with about 7 OOO ha and Lambasa delta with 10 OOO ha of mangrove swa,mps. Viti Lwu on ·the other hand, he,s ve~r extensive mangrove swamps, while in the deltas formed at the mouth of llewe, there are 30 OOO hai at the mouth of Ba river 30 OOO ha and also 12 OOO ha in the Daku Aree,. rl'he fo:i.0 mation of dcJ:i;ns mu::rl; he::re been brought about b;y a low rate of flow of the rilre'.'C"3 espeuially :-:i;l; their :i.ovr<:0r reaches whe:ce the flow becomes sluggish and widospJ~e:o:.cl aSt er it pa::rnef:: ve,st [l,re2.s of flat land standing ;:\, little above sea level. Huch of ·~he r,;"',t e:cial clepr)cJit ed in the clelt2, comes down the river in ·bhe form of co:Lloidal solncion of cJ.2,y, rI1he clea:C' river Hater contains great quantHies of this d.epos~.tablc matter 1f:hich if.:i invisible to the rmked e;/e. Vhen this solu:Gion comes into contact Hith sal ~ we;cer 11hich is an electrolyte, the minute electrin charges carried lW the particles of ver'J fineJ.y.. divicled gj~anuJef.> of clci;:/ D,:efl discharged 2,nd these particles coae;ulate or fon,1 togethm~ :i.ic.to c.1.otr:::, n:o;·-i·:; of Nhich al'e lart:;e enough to envelo::_) gra,ins of f>ancl" Ths~Jo ;::iet·\;l··; to the bottom s,nc1 the~r coalosce to form a solid ancl exoeptio11aJ1;7 stabJ.e cln;yey rnci;0crial which is :::d;ront; e;:1oi~h to stand the coas-\;2,l tw,sh of the sc:ci, 0,nd se,ncl.. rJ:'ho H0:-1rr;:~ 1 Be. ancl L21mbo,s2, clol tas a:ce all formu.l.. of 1m:c1'l. :.:;1~.d c1Dy·-grci,clG r";'tter:i.::i,ls with <'Ul D,d·~mixture of sand particleso rrhe H::wu.o, d.eJ.·(;;:;, on the ochcr hanc1. 7 co:o.tains great quantities of coa,rse sand rmcl gravcJ.. ~ 1 Ji:;.s concl:i.t·:_,m e::::~.sts buoo,u:=Jc Ne.vua river is still in its young stace; HOJ:>ldn<;· over 011 arcc;, of hiJ,l'ri rocks~ i·bs l)ecl is not .:ret at grade, and in time:-:J of flood. ~.t:.: ::2/00 o? fJ.uir i8 ra,picl 0nou;"{c. to t:i.~a,nsport the heavier grades o:f mate:cials r::cer3ont BJ.rqs it~J upper por·~;ion to its mov:th. l1Li.11grovo t}~(J1-:0 pl.'\T a veJ.."';/ impo;;.,-:,n,:r.rt role in reinforcing and extending tho edges cf' deJ:!;o;' m1d ~::t.hvi<.. J. (J.epos:i.ts cl0ggi11[!; the rnou:l;hs of rivers and EJt:ceams. 1fi1e:L..' :couc s3•stern :cotains the silt which helps to build the 'bank of 1 al1rnrilm r.ho,;·3 the fJC:ci, levol,, After this 1 l;hey [;1,ba,1•'3.011 the newly formed land to othe11 fo:.':-,u ,-,:;:- voeetv..t:i.on 0,nd slodly co.trbinu9 ·foei:r. a,dv.s,noe to the see,front, whe:ce the:L' r010cJ.1i:n~c3 cp:c:::i1xl; llrcu11 ic:mt:::/ in 8h8,llow wri..tEJrs. !langrovest im.doul.Yl;')rJJ.y? · ~'j e,n ac·:;5.\-:; role ~-n :.1 cJl;::dning land from the sea. 1.iost fish­ pond 01-me::.,J 7 e::1!)ecir'J.Jy :i.:0. ::;oulheLst As:i.ci., ::cpancl their esJrnarine fishponds for milkfish ( c;i.n.-·'.l.m.1 chan0~1) c·:.i.lt m1 e toKcrd thn 1Ja;:r or sea, by planting rnang;:i....,ove seedlings ··~~Io11g~tI18.~seo:fron:.; of -:;heir pon0.n., In acldi i:iion ·to prepara.tion for fu:'Gul'e ox:p::i,n;:iion 7 ·l;ho me,117·;-ovAs also p:ro-ri.cle protection b;y- minimizing the adve:;1 sc effects of cc•osion c,ml wave 1wtion of fishpond.. dikes. The:~·e ci,1'0 "JC< e:c1 al cp'::CJ..c:J c/.' mm1groves belonging t0 some fe,rnilies which the ll'ij:i.8,nc clas;:::L:~_ed :Lr:~o ·!;w'.:l gJ.'Ol1~)S 1 ·che tiri :·ncl d.ogo. Ho11ever, the follovr:i.rg w:::.ng:>.'ove -!:r,Jes are 0011n1011~ XyJ.oca=:~inIB' gran~1:.Cum, X.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NOAA's Description of the U.S Commercial Fisheries Including The
    6.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY FOR ATLANTIC HMS The HMS FMP provides a thorough description of the U.S. fisheries for Atlantic HMS, including sectors of the pelagic longline fishery. Below is specific information regarding the catch of pelagic longline fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico and off the Southeast coast of the United States. For more detailed information on the fishery, please refer to the HMS FMP. 6.1 Pelagic Longline Gear The U.S. pelagic longline fishery for Atlantic HMS primarily targets swordfish, yellowfin tuna, or bigeye tuna in various areas and seasons. Secondary target species include dolphin, albacore tuna, pelagic sharks including mako, thresher, and porbeagle sharks, as well as several species of large coastal sharks. Although this gear can be modified (i.e., depth of set, hook type, etc.) to target either swordfish, tunas, or sharks, like other hook and line fisheries, it is a multispecies fishery. These fisheries are opportunistic, switching gear style and making subtle changes to the fishing configuration to target the best available economic opportunity of each individual trip. Longline gear sometimes attracts and hooks non-target finfish with no commercial value, as well as species that cannot be retained by commercial fishermen, such as billfish. Pelagic longline gear is composed of several parts. See Figure 6.1. Figure 6.1. Typical U.S. pelagic longline gear. Source: Arocha, 1997. When targeting swordfish, the lines generally are deployed at sunset and hauled in at sunrise to take advantage of the nocturnal near-surface feeding habits of swordfish. In general, longlines targeting tunas are set in the morning, deeper in the water column, and hauled in the evening.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Pelagic Longline Fishing on Seamount Ecosystems Based on Interviews with Pacific Island Fishers
    Effects of Pelagic Longline Fishing on Seamount Ecosystems Based on Interviews with Pacific Island Fishers This publication was prepared by IUCN as a part of the Oceanic Fisheries Management Project, funded by the Global Environment Facility, through the United Nations Development Program. The Project aims to achieve global environmental benefits by enhanced conservation and management of transboundary oceanic fishery resources in the Pacific Islands region and the protection of the biodiversity of the Western Tropical Pacific Warm Pool Large Marine Ecosystem. It is executed by the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency in conjunction with the Secretariat of the Pacific Community and IUCN. Website: http://www.ffa.int/gef/. The designation of geographical entities in this document, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or contributory organizations, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Published by: IUCN Oceania Regional Office, Suva, FIJI Copyright: © 2010 International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Oceania Regional Office. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Cover photos: Interviewing fishermen in Tonga, courtesy of Telmo Morato.
    [Show full text]
  • RECREATIONAL FISHING GEAR Setline - Longline
    RECREATIONAL FISHING GEAR Setline - Longline Marker buoys Main line Branch line (snood) Buoy line Hook Anchor weight Gear Description A longline is a setline which is set horizontally on the sea floor. It consists of four main parts; the main line, branch lines (or snoods), hooks and bait. Other components are marker buoys or dhan poles, the buoy line, anchor weights, swivels and clips. The longline is set with an anchor weight at each end. The branch lines are clipped at regular intervals onto the main line. They consist of a shark clip with a short length of braided line tied to a sharp, heavy gauge circle or double hook. Buoy lines and surface marker buoys at each end help the fisher to locate and retrieve the long line. Additional buoys and a dhan pole and flag may also be attached to increase the visibility of the longline for the fisher and other boats. A GPS fix may also assist when locating gear. How it works Longlines are set by attaching snoods to a weighted mainline while the boat is moving so that it lies along the sea floor. As the longline settles on the sea floor, scent from the baits attracts shark and fish to the hooks. Movement of the baits due to the current further entices fish. Squid or octopus tend to be the preferred bait because the leathery texture increases the ability of the bait to stay on the hooks. Fresh scalefish such as jack mackerel and Australian salmon are popular alternative baits. Wild Fisheries Management Branch Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Recreational Fishing Gear Longline Target Fish In Tasmania, longlines are primarily used to target school and gummy shark.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Chapter 3.1.2: Longline Authors
    3.1.2 LONGLINE CHAPTER 3.1.2: AUTHORS: LAST UPDATE: LONGLINE Domingo A., Forselledo R., Miller March 2014 P., Jiménez S., Mas F. and Pons M. 3.1.2 General description of longline fisheries 1. General description of longline gear and vessels Longline is a fishing gear that is comprised of a main line, with secondary lines attached and hooks placed on the end of them. Longline is a very old gear, derived from “volantín” or “three hook line”, which was used by the Phoenicians and the Egyptians in the Mediterranean Sea (Canterla, 1989). The word “longline” is possibly of Catalonian origin, and derived from southern Italian or Greece (Prat Sabater, 2006; González García, 2008). Since their beginnings and up to the 15th century at least, the longlines that were used were fixed, anchored to the coast with stalks. Later, in the open sea, “jeito” and “vareque” net gears were used which drifted while remaining moored to the vessels, and which could have given rise to drift gears, one of which is longline (Canterla, 1989). 1.a General description of pelagic longline 1.a.1 Introduction Drifting pelagic longline is used worldwide to catch widely distributed pelagic and semi-pelagic fish. This gear is very effective in catching tunas, billfish and sharks, among others (Doumenge, 1998; Matsuda, 1998). It consists of a main line or “mother” line, suspended in the water by secondary lines called float lines, which carry the floats. The branch lines hang from the main line and carry hooks on the ends. The characteristics of the materials, dimensions, types of floats and hooks, as well as the configuration of the lines are quite variable, depending mainly on the origin of the fleets, the fishermen and the target species.
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Fisheries Newsletter #105 — April/June 2003 SPC ACTIVITIES Provided As Customary Acknowl- Edgement to Dignitaries, Or Eaten by the Crew
    Number 105 (April–June 2003) ISSN 0248-076X Welcome to the latest issue of the SPC Fisheries Newsletter.I would like to draw your attention to the recent SPC publication "Horizontal Longline Fishing manual". The main purpose of this manual is to introduce the horizontal longline fishing method to Pacific Island fishermen,and assist those currently SPC activities Page 2 involved to improve their fishing success,particularly in commercial or semi- commercial situations. This manual is intended to act as a guide to the principles and techniques of good horizontal tuna longline fishing.Environmental and conservation issues and concerns have also been included to raise News from in and around awareness and to present ways to minimise impacts on unwanted species the region Page 15 or the environment as a result of horizontal tuna longline fishing activities. Michel Blanc presents on page 33 the results of the review of the SPC/Nelson Polytechnic Pacific Island Fisheries Officers Training Course. FAD Research Project: Summary It was considered essential by fisheries administrations that a of results at the end of the second comprehensive review be undertaken, with regards to the major changes fisheries in the Pacific have undergone over the last two decades with the year (June 2003) development of subsistence, artisanal and industrial sectors. by Lindsay Chapman, Ian Bertram Jean-Paul Gaudechoux and Brendon Pasisi Page 19 Fisheries Information Adviser ([email protected]) Aquaculture update for Vanuatu by Ben Ponia Page 27 Conservation through cooperation – The seabird bycatch issue in New Zealand by Alec Woods Page 31 SPC/Nelson course freshened up by Michel Blanc Page 33 The long awaited tuna longline has now been printed.
    [Show full text]
  • Longline Fisheries Complaint
    Case 4:19-cv-03135 Document 1 Filed 06/06/19 Page 1 of 16 Catherine Kilduff (CA Bar No. 256331) 1 Kristen Monsell (CA Bar No. 304793) 2 Miyoko Sakashita (CA Bar No. 239639) CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 3 1212 Broadway, St. #800 Oakland, CA 94612 4 Phone: (510) 844-7100 5 Facsimile: (510) 844-7150 [email protected] 6 [email protected] [email protected] 7 8 Attorneys for Plaintiffs Center for Biological Diversity and Turtle Island Restoration Network 9 10 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE 11 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, a Case No. 13 non-profit organization, and TURTLE ISLAND RESTORATION NETWORK, a non-profit 14 organization, 15 COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND Plaintiffs, OTHER RELIEF 16 v. 17 18 WILBUR ROSS, Secretary of Commerce, and NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, 19 Defendants. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND OTHER RELIEF Case 4:19-cv-03135 Document 1 Filed 06/06/19 Page 2 of 16 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1. In this action, Plaintiffs the Center for Biological Diversity and Turtle Island 3 Restoration Network (collectively, Plaintiffs) challenge the National Marine Fisheries Service’s 4 issuance of a permit to fish longlines in federal waters off California. 84 Fed. Reg. 20108 (May 8, 5 2019) (Permit). 6 2. Longlines float horizontally in the water for up to 60 miles in length with a 7 thousand hooks dangling in the Pacific Ocean. Industrial longline fishing has pushed sea turtles 8 toward extinction, while also decimating seabirds and marine mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Final 178Th CM Minutes
    Table of Contents I. Welcome and Introductions ................................................................................................ 1 II. Approval of the 178th Agenda ............................................................................................. 1 III. Approval of the 176th and 177th Meeting Minutes .............................................................. 2 IV. Executive Director’s Report ............................................................................................... 2 V. Agency Reports ................................................................................................................... 5 A. National Marine Fisheries Service .......................................................................... 5 1. Pacific Islands Regional Office .................................................................. 5 2. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center..................................................... 7 B. NOAA Office of General Counsel, Pacific Islands Section ................................. 13 C. US Department of State ........................................................................................ 15 D. US Fish and Wildlife Service ............................................................................... 15 E. Enforcement .......................................................................................................... 17 1. US Coast Guard ........................................................................................ 17 a) Search and Rescue
    [Show full text]
  • Method and Technical Characteristics of Traditional River Longline from Lower Sakarya River Fishery, Turkey
    LIMNOFISH-Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 6(2): 164-168 (2020) Method and Technical Characteristics of Traditional River Longline from Lower Sakarya River Fishery, Turkey İsmail REİS Hasan CERİM * Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Fisheries, Menteşe, Muğla, Turkey ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO In this study, a traditional longline set used in the lower Sakarya River was SHORT COMMUNICATION investigated. Technical characteristics and usage of the longline set were determined. Approximately 25-30% of the fishermen in the lower Sakarya River Received : 21.10.2019 use this method. Fishermen use the longline set with 30-40 baited hooks by Revised : 04.12.2019 positioning them between the two banks of the river (30-60 m). Fishermen target Accepted : 09.12.2019 relatively big individuals, especially, Silurus glanis. However, Esox lucius and some Cyprinidae species are also caught. The average daily catch is between 5- Published : 27.08.2020 10 kg and captured S. glanis individuals are between 1-20 kg. To ensure sustainability, catch per unit efforts of this traditional method, and spawning stock DOI:10.17216/LimnoFish.635248 biomass should be monitored. * CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Keywords: River longline, Sakarya River, river fisheries, traditional fishery, freshwater [email protected] Phone : +90 554 807 79 45 Aşağı Sakarya Nehri Balıkçılığından Alternatif Bir Geleneksel Nehir Paragat Yöntemi ve Teknik Özellikleri Öz: Bu çalışmada, Aşağı Sakarya Nehri’nde kullanılan geleneksel bir paraketa takımı incelenmiştir. Paraketa takımının teknik özellikleri ve kullanım şekli belirlenmiştir. Aşağı Sakarya Nehri’nde yaklaşık balıkçıların %25-30’u bu yöntemi kullanmaktadır. Balıkçılar 30-40 adet yemlenmiş kancaya sahip paraketa takımını, nehrin iki kıyısı arasına (30-60 m) konumlandırarak kullanmaktadırlar.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodology and a Case Study for a Spanish Longline Fishery
    Fisheries Research 185 (2017) 153–160 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fisheries Research j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fishres Estimation of the effect of gear design changes on catch efficiency: Methodology and a case study for a Spanish longline fishery targeting hake (Merluccius merluccius) a,c,∗,1 b,1 b c Bent Herrmann , Manu Sistiaga , Lasse Rindahl , Ivan Tatone a SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Willemoesvej 2, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark b SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Brattørkaia 17C, N-7010 Trondheim, Norway c University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: This paper describes a method to estimate the relative catch efficiency of different fishing gear designs Received 26 January 2015 based on comparison of catch data. This method does not require an equal number of deployments or Received in revised form 7 September 2016 alternation between gears, but it accounts for multiple competing models describing the data by using Accepted 14 September 2016 multi-model inference. By applying a double bootstrapping procedure, this method also accounts for Handled by Dr. P. He the uncertainty in the estimation resulting from between-deployment variation in catch efficiency and Available online 20 September 2016 availability of fish as well as uncertainty about the size structure of the catch for the individual deploy- ments. Finally, by incorporating the multi-model inference into each bootstrap iteration, the method Keywords: Longline also accounts for the uncertainty due to uncertainty in model selection. Using the described method, we investigated the effect of gear design changes on catch efficiency for a Spanish longline fishery target- Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Fishing gear catch efficiency ing hake (Merluccius merluccius).
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Fisheries Newsletter #108 - January/March 2004 SPC ACTIVITIES
    Number 108 (January — March 2004) ISSN 0248-076X Accidental longline catches of endangered species or protected ones like turtles carry major economic risks: many markets could be lost if action is not taken by fishers to conserve endangered species and thus protect the biodiversity of the ocean. During the Pacific Island Maritime Training Institutions and Maritime Authorities (APIMTIMA) meeting in Fiji in May 2004, the SPC Marine Resources Division Training Section presented a training manual on Protected marine SPC activities Page 2 species and the tuna longline fishery in the Pacific Islands . This manual addresses the bycatch issue in the longline tuna fishery and hopefully will raise awareness of Pacific Island fishermen on News from in and this issue, for their benefit and that of protected marine species. around the region Page 17 At a meeting in February 2004, fisheries experts and managers reviewed the topic of safety-at-sea, and agreed that it was essential that awareness work be continued, but especially that strong political Aquaculture updates: Samoa support and national involvement from Pacific Island countries was needed so that appropriate regulations could be introduced. The by Ben Ponia and Satya Nandlal Page 24 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the SPC have been collaborating on this issue for a number of years now. In News from in and around the Pacific , Bob Gillett, a consultant who Regional assessment of the commercial has over 25 years of experience in the region and who is well known viability for marine ornamental to our readers, revisits safety-at-sea, with particular reference to small fishing vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Selectivity and Survival of Atlantic Cod and Haddock In
    Final Report Selectivity and Survival of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) [and Haddock (Melangrammus aeglefinus)] in the Northwest Atlantic Longline Fishery. By: Marianne Farrington, Arne Carr, Michael Pol, and Mark Szymanski NOAA/NMFS Saltonstall-Kennedy Program A. Grant Number: NA86FD0108 B. Amount of Grant: Federal $163,244 Match $122,634 Total $285,878 C. Project Title: Increasing Survival of Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in the Northwest Atlantic Longline Fishery. D. Grantee: New England Aquarium and Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. E. Award Period: 1 May 1998 to 30 September 2002. Table of Contents Page List of figures 3 List of tables 3 Acknowledgements 4 I Abstract 5 II Executive Summary 6 III Project Management 8 IV Purpose 8 V Bycatch Survival 9 A Background 9 B Approaches 10 C Survival Methodology 11 D Survival Results 14 E Survival Discussion 15 VI Blood Biochemistry 17 A Background 17 B Biochemistry Methodology 17 C Biochemistry Statistics 19 D Biochemistry Results 20 E Biochemistry Conclusions 25 VII General Conclusions 27 VIII Significant Problems 28 IX Literature Cited 29 X Appendix 32 List of Figures Page Figure 1. Typical injury sustained by tail flip method of hook release 11 Figure 2. Stainless steel rollers installed on board the F/V Isabel S. 12 Figure 3. Transferring fish from the holding tank to the survival cage. 13 Figure 4. Lengths of Atlantic cod recovered during survival experiments. 15 Figure 5. Laboratory quarters inside Isabel S. 17 Figure 6. Comparison of cortisol concentration, protein concentration and hematocrit level in blood of sublegal-sized cod.
    [Show full text]
  • The Open Fish Science Journal, 2016, 9, 8-14 the Open Fish Science Journal
    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 8 The Open Fish Science Journal, 2016, 9, 8-14 The Open Fish Science Journal Content list available at: www.benthamopen.com/TOFISHSJ/ DOI: 10.2174/1874401X01609010008 Do You Eat or Not? Predation Behaviour of European Catfish (Silurus glanis) Toward Live Bait on a Hook Stéphanie Boulêtreau1,2, Pascal Verdeyroux3, Elise Lorthiois1,2, Frédéric Azémar1,2, Arthur Compin1,2 and Frédéric Santoul1,2,* 1 Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France 2 CNRS, EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France 3 EPIDOR (Etablissement Public Interdépartemental Dordogne), Place de la laïcité, 24250 Castelnaud-la-Chapelle, France Abstract: We filmed and analysed, in natural and field conditions, behaviours of large-bodied European catfish(Silurus glanis) individuals (body size ranging from 80 to 220 cm) exposed to a hook baited with 20 cm-longCarassius spp. Among a total of 95 individuals observed, 80 % of the catfish clearly demonstrated interest in the bait but attacks were performed only 25 % of the time and only 12.5 % of fish were hooked. More than half of the individuals (55 %) were observed swimming toward the bait and then turning around or tasting it without performing any attacks. These observations showed that individual fish motivation and behaviour are important factors in determining whether European catfish are attracted to bait and eventually hooked. Keywords: Bait, fishing, predation, river, top predator, video. INTRODUCTION Throughout history people have developed techniques to capture animals. Among these techniques the use of baits has been widespread.
    [Show full text]