I A Floristic lnventorv of the Doudv Drawl 3611 I I I I Hogan, Tim 1

A Floristic Inventory of the Doudy Draw/Eldorado Mountain Property, City of Boulder Open Space Boulder, Colorado

Tim Hogan A Floristic Inventory of the Doudy DrawlEldorado Mountain Property, City of Boulder Open Space Boulder, Colorado

Tim Hogan University of Colorado Herbarium (COLO) Campus Box 350 Boulder, CO 80309 1 November, 1994 This report is a supplement to the "Natural Heritage Inventory of the Rare Plants and a Significant Natural Communities of the Doudy Draw and EIdorado Mountain Area, Colorado" completed in 1993 and submitted by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program. Fifteen days were spent in the field and the methodology followed during the 1994 season was equivalent to that described in the earlier report. A complete species list is herein submitted along with a qualitative assessment of the vegetation. [For a detailed discussion of the climate, soils, and vegetation of the study site see Hogan (1993): A floristic survey of the Boulder Mountain Park. Natural History Inventory of Colorado, No. 13.

Four hundred and seventy eight species of vascular plants in 324 genera and 97 families are documented for the Doudy Draw and Eldorado Mountain Area. Ninety species, nearly 19 % of the flora, are non-native. The largest families are Asteraceae (81 spp.), Poaceae (59 spp.), Fabaceae (26 spp.), Rosaceae (20 spp.), and Brassicaceae (19 spp.). This represents an additional fifty species from the 1993 report. None of the species added during the 1994 field season were species of special concern. The 478 species of vascular plants documented is evidence of the high species richness found along grassland-forest ecotones in western North America.

The study area, approximately 2000 acres in size, is situated along the interface of the plains and the mountains. A rich diversity of vegetation (see map) provides the site with much of its value as a natural area. Grasslands are dominant in lower Doudy Draw and on the mesas to the east (Fig. 1). The western end of the area is dominated by forests of ponderosa pine (Pim ponderosa) on the mesa tops (Fig. 2) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesio on the upper slopes of Eldorado Mountain (Fig. 3). Much of the study area is characted by a blending of these vegetation types (Fig. 4), a blending that results in a mosaic of savanna woodlands, mixed forests, and diverse shrublands (Fig. 5).

Another aspect of the Doudy DrawIEldorado Mountain property that contributes to its value as a natural area is its position in the landscape. Situated as it is in a constellation of a open space lands - City of Boulder Open Space, Boulder County Open Space, Jefferson County Open Space, Boulder Mountain Parks, and Golden Gate Canyon State Parks - the study site is an important link in the chain of connectivity that holds together a relatively intact foothills ecosystem.

While recognizing its high species richness, diverse vegetation, and important place in the landscape, it is also important to note that the ecological integrity of the Doudy Draw/Eldorado Mountain property has been compromised. The presence of an active railroad, the Denver Water Board diversion canal with its attendant roadway, and a long history of grazing and mining, have all undermined native communities and natural processes. One example of the latter has been the suppression of fie, resulting in crowded forests that pose a significant wildfire threat. The deterioration of natural communities is evident in the lower sections of Doudy Draw where fields of adventive weeds and a monoculture of smooth brome (Bromw inennis) dominates (Fig. 6).

In 1994 a special effort was made to inventory areas not thoroughly covered the previous year. These areas included Rattlesnake Gulch, Eldorado Mountain, and the moist meadows northeast of the Mouse Ears. Rattlesnake Gulch (T1S R71W SEC 36 NW114) is a small, north-facing drainage in the western side of the study area. With an intermittent stream and a steep relief, the gulch does not provide enough moisture or soil development to support a rich flora. The drainage is marked by deciduous trees and shrubs (Populus angustiifolia, P. deltoides, P. tremuloides, Acer glabm, Betula fom'nalis, Negundo aceroides), but does not display an assemblage of species such as Aralia nudicaulis, Corylus cornuta, and Sanicula man'landica in sufficient abundance to characterize it as a high quality foothills riparian vegetation. Rattlesnake Gulch has been impacted by the railroad above it, and it is difficult to say how much of the talus in the area is natural and how much is debris from the construction and maintenance of the tracks. The portion of Eldorado Mountain located in the study area is characterized by dense Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesig forests with an understory of Ribes cereum, Mahonia repens, and Jamesia arnericana. The mountain is steep and dry with extensive exposure of the Fountain sandstone. Beetle kill is evident on the northeast slopes. Some species (eg. Ligularia pudica, Orrhilia secunda, Pyrola chloraruha) were only found at higher sites on the mountain, but species richness of vascular plants is relatively poor. Casual observations of the lichen cover indicate an uncommon richness in this area. The parcel of the study area northeast of the Mouse Ears and south of Eldorado Springs (T1S R71W SEC36 NE114) is a diverse site with high species richness. In its lower reaches the site is moist and displays a well developed foothills riparian vegetation with cottonwood (Populw spp.), box elder (Negundo aceroides), and herbaceous species such as Agrimonia sm'ata, Ligusticwn porteri, Sanicula marilandica, and Smilax lasioneuron. Above 6200' the site opens into a meadow area that appears to be an incipient shrubland with Padus virginiana, Symphoricarpos occidentale and a lush assemblage of forbs. Native grasses such I~ as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardio and Indian Grass (Sorghastnun avenacem) while I present, were not abundant. Parts of the meadow are being invaded by ponderosa pine ~ (Pinus ponderosa). It is not clear to me where this area, a mesic strike valley between the I Dakota and Fountain formations, should be placed in a classic successional model. I did not observe evidence of fire or cutting (ie. stumps), nor, as noted above, did I observe tallgrass indicator species in sufficient abundance to classify the meadow as a mesic grassland. The site with its foothills riparian habitat and open meadow area, struck this botanist as particularly rich in birds, butterflies, dragonflies, and other insects.

After two field seasons in the Eldorado MountainIDoudy Draw area, I am left with the impression of a functional ecosystem with an assortment of habitats that support a diverse assemblage of plants and animals. The vegetation, especially at the lower elevations, has been compromised by non-native species, but the soil is intact and many of these areas might be restored with careful management. Restoration tools that should be investigated include controlled burns, removal of cattle (while allowing for the careful use of grazing as a management tool), and IPM weed control. In addition, recreational impacts should be monitored, and where a deleterious effect can be demonstrated, the impacts from hikers, climbers, bikes, dogs, and horses should be controlled. An acquisition that should be pursued in future Open Space purchases is the property in the extreme SE114 of SEC 36 (TlS R71W) and the area immediately south, extending to, and including lower Bull Gulch. These meadows and drainages serve as important habitat for both montane and prairie species, and their inclusion into Open Space would serve to further protect those species that live along the grassland-forest ecotone. Vegetation of Study Area Fig. 1. Mesa-Top Grassland. T1S R70W SEC32

Fig. 2. Ponderosa Woodland. T1S R70W SEC31 SW114

6 Fig. 3. Douglas Fir Forest. NE Slopes of Eldorado Mt. Note the extensive beetle kill.

Fjg. 4. Vegetation Mosaic. T2S R70W SEC6 NW1/4 Shrublands, Meadows, Woodlands, & Forests Fig. 5. Mixed Shrubland. T1S R70W SEC31 SE1/4 Crataegus in valley bottom; Hzus and Physocarpus on slopes.

Fig. 6. Sn.looth Brome (Bromiir inerniis) incursion. T1S R70W SEC32 NW1/4 Darker green area bisected by trail. Doudy Draw Species List

Nomenclature follows Weber (Weber and Wittmann, 1992). If other names are considered to be more familiar, these are provided. Those species marked with an asterisk (*) were not observed by Hogan or Lederer, but are reported to be in the Hedmium of City Open Space. Most species were observed in the 1993 field season, those species marked with a plus sign (+) were observed in 1994. In addition to the local manuals (Weber, 1976, 1990), other works used in compiling this list include the Flora of the Great PIaim (Great Plains Flora Association, 1986), Inzennountain Flora (Cronquist et al., 1977), Mdof the Plants of Colorado (Harrington, 1954), and Vascular Plants of Wyoming @om, 1988).

FERNS and FERN ALLIES

MIDIACEAE SHIELD FERN FAMILY

Dryopteris j2Ii.r-mas (L.) Schott MAtE m.

SPLEENWORT FAMILY

Asplenium septenthnale (L.) Hoffman GRASS FERN.

ATHYRIACEm LADY FERN FAMILY

Cystopterisfnr@ (L.) Bemhardi BRIITLE FERN.

CRmOGRAMMACEAE ROCK BRAKE FAMILY

Cryptognlmma acmstichoides R.Brown AMERICAN ROCK BRAKE. [C. crhpa (L.) R.Br. ssp. acrostichoides (R.Br.) Hulten]

EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY

Equisetwn aivense L. FIELD HORSETAIL. Hippochuete hvigata (A.Braun) Farwell SMOOTH SCOURWG-RUSH. [Equketwn laevigatum ABraun]

mLEmACEAE BRACKEN FAMILY

Pteridiwn aqzdinwn (L.) Kuhn ssp. lanuginoswn (Bongard) Hul& BRACKEN FERN.

POLYPODIACEAE

Polypodium arnorphum SukSdorf PoLYPODY. [P. hesperiurn Maxon] +

SELAGINELLACEAE LITTLE CLUBMOSS FAMILY

Selagineh densa Rydberg

SINOlTERIDACEAE LIPFERN FAMILY

Cheilanthesfendlen Hooker FENDLER'S LIP FERN. WoODflAaAE WOODSXA FAMILY w& ~C~pulfiurEatOn ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOODSIA.

GYMNOSPERMS

Juniperus communk L. ssp. alpha (Smith) Celakowski COMMON JUNIPER Sobina scopulorum (Sargent) Rydberg ROCKY MOUNTAIN JUNIPER. [Juni~scopulom Sarg.]

Pinus conforto Douglas er Louden var.lrztifolia MMiESOLE PINE. + musflexilis James LIMBER PINE. Rnus pondemso Douglas ssp. scopubnun (Watson) Weber PONDEROSA PINE. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franc0 DOUGLASFIR.

ANGIOSPERMS

Acer ghbmTofrey MOUNTAIN MAPLE. Negundo acemides (L.) Moench Box ELDER. [Acer negundo L.]

AGAVACEAE AGAVE FAMILY

Yucca glauca Nuttall SPANISHBAYONET.

BLISMATACEAE WATER-PLANTAINFL~MILY

Ahma tn'viale Pursh WATER PLANTAIN. [A. pkmago-aquatica L. ssp. brevipes (Greene) Samuelsson] hgitturia cuneatcr Sheldon ARROWHEAD. +

ALLuCEAE ONION FAMILY (LILI'CEAE)

Ak&m cernuum Roth NODDING ONION. AIlium geyeri Watson WILD ONION. AUum textile Nelson & Macbride WILD ONION.

ALSINACEAE CHICKWEED FAMILY (CARYOPHYLLACEAE)

Cemsdum fontonwn Baumgartner [C. vulgatum L.] Adventive. Cemdum &ctwn L. emend Haenke MOUSE-EARS. [C. cvyense of Colorado literature] Emgone fendleri (Gray) Ikonnikov SANDWORT. [Arenariafendlmi Gray] Pamnychiu jmsii Torrey & Gray JAMES' NAILWORT. Puudostehria jamesiana qorrey) Weber & Hartman TUBER STARWORT. [Stelkviaj-iana Tonay]

ANACARDIACEAE SUMAC FAMILY

Rhus amdm Aiton ssp. tribbalo (Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray) Weber SKmmutus~.[R tn'lobata Nutt.] Rhus ghbm L. s~msmc. Toxicodendron qdbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Greene m~soNIVY.

APIACEAE/U'MBELL- PARSLEY FAMILY

Aletes am& porrey) Coulter & Rose MO~AINCARAWAY. Ben& emc& (Hudson) Covue WATER PARSNIP. Adventive. CamEcvvi L. CARAWAY. Adventive. * C0dZdm ?t~cUldwnL. POISON HEMLOCK Harbourirr tmchyplem (Gray) Coulter & Rose U~HISKBROOMPARSLEY. Hemclewn sphondylium L. ssp. montanm (Schleicher er Gaudin) Briquet in Schinz & Thellung cow PARSNIP. Ligusn'cwc porten' Coulter & Rose ~RTER's-LOVAGE,OsHk bIIWbt 0~~ Codter & Rose SALT & PEPPER. Mudneon divaricatum (Pursh) Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray Osmorhiza &paupemto Philippi SWEET CICELY. [O. obtusa (Coulter & Rose) Fdd] Osmorhizu longistylis (Torrey) de Candolle SanicrrIa madhndica L. BLACK SNAKEROOT.

APoCYNAcEAE DOGBANE FAMILY

Apocynum androsc~mr'foZiumL. SPREADING DOGBANE.

ARALucEAE GINSENG FAMILY

Asclepias pwnilrr (Gray) Vail DWAW MILKWEED. Asclepias speciosa Torrey SHOWY MILKWEED. Asc~~~sstenophylh Gray NARROW LEAVED MILKWEED. Asckpias Mfro~Ralinesque GREEN MKKWEED.

AwmGAaAE ASPARAGUS FAMILY

Aspamgus officinole L. ASPARAGUS. Adventive. *

ASTERACEAEICOMPOSlTEAE SUNFLOWER FAMILY

Achillea lanulosa Nuttall YARROW. Acos& diffusa (Lamarck) Sojak KNAPWEED,CORNFLOWER. [Centaurea d~waLam.] Adventive. Agoseris aumnticlca (Hooker) Greene ORANGE FAZSE DANDELION. Agosetis ghuca (Pursh) Rafine~que PALE FALSE DANDELION. 0 Ambrosia psiloshachya De Candolle var. coronopifolia (Torrey & Gray) Farwell urn.[A, coronopifolia T. & G.] Ambrosia trim L. GIANT RAGWEED. Adventive. Anaphalis margaritacea &.) Bentham & Hooker PEARLY EVERLASIWG. + Antennaria howellii Greene ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer NORTHERN PUSSYTOES. [A. negkcta of Colorado literam; A. obovata Nelson] + Antennaria paNifOh Nuttall MOUNTAIN PUSSYTOES. Antennaria pulcherrima (Hooker) Greene ssp. anaphahides (Rydberg) Weber PUSSYTOES.[A. amphabides Rydb.] Antennaria rosea Greene PINK PUSSYTOES. Arctiurn minus (Hill)Bemhardi B~RDO~.Adventive. Arnica cordfolicr Hooker HEAR- ARNICA. Adca fulgens Pursh ORANGE ARNICA. Artemisia fn'+ Willdenow SILVER SAGE. Ariemisia hdoviCi0~Nuttall PRAIRIE SAGE. Aster laevis L. var. geyen Gray s~ooTHm Aster lanceolatus Willdenow ssp. hesperius (Gray) Semple & Chmielewski [A. hesperiru Gray] Aster porten Gray PORTER'S m. Bidens frolldosa L. BEGGARS TICK. Brickellia eupatoroides (L.) Shinners BRI~KELLIA.[Kuhnia euparoroides L.] Brickellia grandifrom (Hooker) Nuttall BRICKELLL~. + Caduus nutans L. ssp. mcrolepis (Peterman) Kazmi MUSK THISTLE. Adventive. Chlorocmpis aIbiflom (Hooker) Weber WHEE HAWISVEED. [Hieracium albiflora Hook.] Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas a Pursh) Britton ssp. nauseosus RABB~RUSH. Cichoriwn intybus L. CHICORY. Adventive. Cirsim arvense (L.) S~p~liCANADATHISTLE. Adventive. Cirsium ochrucentnun Gray Cirnmmvulgare (Savi) Tenore BUUTHISIZE. [C. lanceolatum 6.)Scopoli] Adventive. Dyssodia papposa (Ventenat) Hitchcock PEIlD MARIGOLD. Erigeron cob-m&riconus Nelson FLEABANE. Erigeron cornpositus Pursh CUIZEAP FLEABANE. + Erigeron divergens Tomy & Gray SF~~~INGFLEABANE. Erigeron flagellaris Gray WHIPLASH FLEABANE. Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) De Candolle SHOWY ~ANE. Engeron vetensis Rydberg LA VETA DALSY. G&& ~li.Yfkl& hrsb BLANKET FLOWER. Grindelia squa?-rosa (Pursh) Dunal GUMWEED. Gn'ndeh ~UbcrlpinaGreene MOUNTAIN GUMWEED. Gutierrezicl sarothme (Pursh) Britton & Rusby SNAKEWEED. Helianthus annuus L. COMMON S~WER. Relionthus pumilus Nuttall SUNFLOWER. Helianthus rigidus (Cassini) Desfontaines ssp. mbrhomboideus (Rydberg) Heiser Heliomeris muliifrom NuW [Gymnolornia multiflora (Nutt.) Bentbam & Hooker; Viguiera rnulr~jka (Nutt.) Blake] Heterotheca fJctatn (Greene) Shinners GOLDEN m.[Chrysopsb filcraf Greene] Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa GOLDEN m.[Chrysopsis viUosa (Pursh) Nuttall er De Candolle] Lacturn conadensis L. CANADIAN WILD ~CE. Lactuca seniala L. PRICKLY LELTUCE. Adventive. Liatris punctaia Hooker BLAZING STAR. LigJaria pudica (Greene) Weber [Senecio pudinrr Greene] + Machuemnthem pattersonii (Gray) Greene TANSY m [Aster pmtersonii Gray] + @ Nothocaluis cvrpidoUI (pursh) Greene FUE D~~oN.[Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz- Bipontinus] Oligoneuron rigidrun (L.) Small srm GOLDENROD. [Solidago rigida L.] Oligosporus dmcunculus (L.) Poljakov rn TARRAGON. [Artentiria dracunculoides Pursh] Oligosporus pa@cus (Nuttall) Poljakov SAGEWORT. [O. ~Mlpertrir(L.) ssp. paa@xu (Nutt.) Weber; Artemisia campesrrir L.; A. paapca Nutt.] Oreochlyswn panyi (Gray) Rydberg PAELRY GOLDENROD. [Hapbpqpus Gray] Packem fendlen (Gray) Weber & Eve FWDLER'S S~O.[Senecio fendm Gray] Packem plafiensis (Nu~all)Weber & Gve [SeneciopImtensis Nutt.] Pencome caudcltcr Gray var. caudah Podospermzun laciniatwn (L.) De Candolle FALSE SALSIFY. [Scomnera laciniata L.] Adventive. Psilochenia occiderrtalis (Nu-) Nuttall WEmFRN HAWKSBEARD. [Crepis occidentalis Nutt.] Rotibida columnifem (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley PRA~RIECONW.OWER Rudbeckia ampla Nelson TALL CONEFLOWER. [R laciniata L. var. amp& (Nelson) Cronquist] Senecio erernophilus Richardson ssp. kingii (Rydb.) Douglas & Ruyle-Douglas GOLDEN WEED. + Senecio integenimus NuU SPRING SENECIO. Senecio mpifolius Nuttall ~-LE~VEDSENECIO. + Senecio spadoides Torrey & Gray BR~~MS~O. Solidago missouriensi. Nuttall SM~GOLDENROD. Solidago mollis Bartling SOFT GOLDENROD. + Solidago llUllU NU~LOW GOLDENROD. Solidago ?U~O& Aiton WOODLAND GOLDENROD. Solidago serotinoides Eve & Uve LATE GOLDENROD. [S. gigantea Aiton] + Sonchus asper (L.) Hill SPINY SOW-THISTLE. Adventive. + @ Tamracm offiehuh G.H. Weber COMMON omeuor Advmtive. Thelespenna megapotumiczun (Sprengel) Kuntze + Townsendiu grandifIom Nuttall SHOWY DAISY. Townsendiu hooken Beaman Tmgopogon dubius Scopoli ssp. major (Jacquin) Vollmann SALSIFY. Adventive. Tmgopogon porrifolius L. Adventive. Virgulusfalcutus (hdley) Reveal & Keener [Aster fdcatus Lindley] Xanthium stnunariwn L. COCKLEBUR. Adventive.

BALSmACEAE JEWELWEED FAMILY

Impatiens cupensis Meehurgh -WEED. +

BERBE1UDACEii.E BARBERRY FAMILY

Mahonia repens (Lindley) Don O~NGRAPE.

BETULACEAE B~CHFAMILY

Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. tenuifolio (Nuttall) Breitung ALDER. [A. tenuifolia Nutt.] Be& fo~~Sargent RTVER BIRCH. [B. occidentalis Hooker] Colylus comuta Marshall HAZLENUT. B0RAGINACEA.E BORAGE FAMILY

Asperugo pivcwnbens L. MADWORT. Adventive. Cynoglosswn ofleinu& L. HOUND'S TONGUE. Adventive. Hackelia flo?ibundo (Lehmann) Johnston ~CKSW. Lappula redowskii (Hornemam) Greene BEGGARS ncK. Lithospennwn inciswn Lehmann NARROW-LEAVED PUCCOON. Lithospennwn mulh'flonun Torrey er Gray MANY-FLOWEREDPUCCOON. Mertensia data (James ex Torrey) Don BLUEBELLS. Mertensiu lanceolala (hush) De CandoUe var. knceolata BLUEBELLS. Myosotis scorpioides L. FORGET-ME-N~. Adventive. Onosmxi7~11mob Michaux ssp. occide- (Mackenzie) Cochrane FALSE GROMWELL. OreoCaiya virgata (Porter) Gteene MINER'S CANDLE. [Cryptantha virgara (Porter) Payson]

BRASSICACEAElCRuClFERAE MUSTARD FAMILY

Alyssum alyssoides L. ALYSSUM. Adventive. Alyssum pamjlbnun Bieberstein ALYSSUM. [A. minus (I..) Rothmaler] Adventive. Ambis hirsufa (L.) Scopoli HAIRY ROCK CRESS. Barbarea orthocems Ledebour WINTERCRESS. Adventive. Boechem fendleri (Watson) Weber FENDLERs ROCK CRESS. [Arabisfendleri Watson] Camelha microcarpcz Andnejowski FALSE FLAX. Adventive. Capsella bursa-pastotis (L.) Medicus SHEPHERDS PURSE. Adventive. CanIaricz chalepensis (L.) Handel-Mazzetti mop.Adventive. + Choiispom tenella (Fallas) DeCandolle PURPLE~STARD. Adventive. Descuminia incam (Bemardhi ex Fischer & Meyer) Dorn w~mmwTANSY MUSTARD. ID. richmdronii (Sweet) Schultz] Erystnwn cupitarwn (Douglas) Greene WESTERN WALLFLOWER. Lepidim vbginicwn L. PEPPERGRASS. Adventive. h~q~8~hmO&tla (Gray) Watson MOUNTAIN BLADDER-POD. Neolepia campestre (L.) Weber FIELD CRESS. [Lepidiwn campatre (L.) R.Brown] Adventive. Noccaea momma (L.) Meyer WILD CANDYT~.[Thlarpi monzanum L.] Physaria vitulifem Rydberg DOUBLE BLADDER-POD. + Sisymbrium &simum L. Jm4 HILL MUSTARD. Adventive. Thhspi arvense L. PENNY CRESS. Adventive. Turritis gumL. TOWER MUSTARD. [Arabis glabra (L.) Bembiudi] Adventive.

CACTACEAE CACTUS FAMILY

Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose NIPPLE CACTUS. [MammiUaria missouriemis Sweet] Echinocereus vi&?florus Engelmann GREEN FLOWERED HEDGEHOG CACNS. Opunta fmgilis (Nuttall) Haworth BRIITLE CAWS. Opu& macrorhta Engelmann PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS. [O. compressa (Salisbury) Macbride] Pediocactus shpsonii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose MOUNTAIN BALL CACNS.

CALOCHORTACEAE MA.SAFAMILY (LILIACEAE)

Cubchortus gunnisonii Watson MARPOSA LILY. CAMPANULACEAE BELL FUIWER FAMILY

Campanula mhrndifolicr L. HAREBELL.

CANNABACEAE HOPS FAMILY

Humulus luprrlus L. ssp. americanus (Nuttall) Lijve & Eve WILD HOPS. [H.-canur Nutt.]

CAPPARACEAE CAPER FAMILY

Po~anisiadiukcandru (L.) de CandoUe CLAMMY WEED. [P. trachysperma T.& GI +

CAPRwOLuCEAE HONEYSUCnE FAMILY

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake WHITE SNOWBERRY. Symphoricarpos occidcntalis Hooker WEsTERN SNOWBERRY. Viiumzun lentago L. NANNYBERRY. Adventive.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY (see also ALSINACEAE)

S&ne antirrhina L. SLEEPY CATCHFLY. Adventive. + Gasmlychnis dnmunondii (Hooker) Eve & Eve CAMPION. [Lychnis rinunmondii (Hook.) Watson] Saponaria officinalis L. SOAPWORT. Adventive. +

CHENOPODIACEAE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY

Barsia deversiia~(Pallas) Weber BURNING BUSH. [Kocfriairanica of the Colorado literature] Adventive. Chenopodium fimntii Watson Chenopodium &ptophyIIo( (Nuitdl er Moquin) Watson

lhiescantio occidentcrlis (Britton) Smyth var. scopulorum (Rose) Anderson & Woodson SPIDERWORT.

coNv&LARIACEA. MAYnOWER FAMILY WCEAE)

Moianthemwn amplen'cauk (Nuitdl) Weber FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. [Smihcina racemosa of the Colorado litetature] Moianthemum steh(I,.) Link FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. [Smihcina stelba (L.) Desfontaines]

~onviivulurantensis L. BINDWEED. Adventive.

COPTACEa MEADoW RUE FAMDLY (RANUNCUCEAE) a Mctnun fendleri Engelmanu ex Gray MEAWW RUE. CORNAcEAE DOCWOOD FAMILY

Swi& sericea (L.) Holub RED OSIER DOGWOOD. [Cornus sto~oniferaMichsux]

CRASSULACEAE STONECROP FAMILY

Amerosedwn lanceolatum (Torrey) Eve & Eve STONECROP. [Sedwn lanceohnun Torrey]

C-cEAE SEDGEFAMILY

Cambrevior (Dewey) Mackenzie Camfoenea Willdenow [C. siccara Dewey] + Carer lanuginosa Michaux Carer microptern Mackenzie [C. fesriva Dewey] Carex nebmscensis Dewey Carer occidentalis Bailey Carex pensylvanicu Lamrck ssp. hellophila (Mackenzie) Weber [C.heliophila Mackenzie] Cmpmegm& Boo# Camrossii Boo# + Canex scoparia Schkdu ex Willdenow Cam stemphyila Wahlenberg ssp. eleocharis (Bailey) Hulth [C. eleocharis Bailey] Cam stipata Miihlenberg ex Widenow Cam vulpimidea Michaux Eleocharis pulustris (L.) Roemer & Schultes SPIKE RUSH. [E. macrostadsya Britton] Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla ssp.acutIcs (Miiblenberg) Eve & Eve [Scirpus acmMW. ex Bigelow] + Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla TU~.[Scirpus ammicanus of Colorado literature] + Scirpus microcarpus Pml BULRUSH. [S. rubrotinctus Fernald] Scirpus p&us (Britton) Fernald BULRUSH.

ELAEAGNACEAE OLELSTER FAMILY

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. RUSSIAN om. Adventive.

ERICACEAE HEATH FAMILY (~eeh MONOTROPACEAE, PYROLACEAE)

Arctosfaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel ssp. odemmmcha(Fernald & Macbride) Calder & Taylor KLNNIKINNM, BEARBERRY.

Agnloma morginotcr (Pursh) Uve & Eve SNOW-ON-THEMOUNTAIN. [Euphorbia mmginata Pursh] Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small [Euphorbia sepyllifolia Pen.] Adventive. + Poinsettia dent& (Michaux) IUotsch & Garcke [Euphorbia densata Michx.] * Tirhydus bmchycems (Engelmanu) Small ROCKY MT. SPURGE. [T. momanus Pngeh.) Sm.; Euphorbia robusta of Colorado literature] Tirhydus urahnsis (Fisher ex Link) Prokhanov LEAFY SPURGE. [Euphorbia uralensis Fisher ex Link] Adventive. + Tragia msa(Maer-Argoviensis) Torrey SIWGING SPURGE. FABACEAElLE-oSAE PEA FAMILY hlph fnrtic0SU L. LEAD PLANT. hTphcl MM Nu#all DWARP AMORPHA. Astmgdus adrurgens Pallas var. robustior Hooker Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray] Astnigdus agrestis Douglas ex Don [A. ahyglonis of Colorado litmature] As~~~usCMSS~W?''US Nu#all GROUND PLUM. Asbtagdw dnunmondii Douglas ex Hooker DRUMMOND'S MILK VETCH. Astmgdw flexuosus (Hooker) Don WIRY MILK VETCH. Astmgrrlus shortianus Nuttall in Torrey & Gray Astmgdw tenellus Pursh LOOSE FLOWERED MIX mCH. Dalea can& Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey) Shinners ymr~PRAIRIE CLOVER. Dalea purpum Ventenat PURPLE PRAIRIE CLOVER Glycyrrftizcr lepidoto Pursh WILD LICORICE. Luthyrus leuanthus Rydberg wHrr~FLOWERED PEAVINE. Lotus tenuis Waldstein & Kitaibel BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL. Adveniive. Lupinus argenfeus Pursh COMMON LUPINE. Medicogo lupulina L. BLACK MEDIC. Adventive. Medicago sdva L. ALFALFA. Adventive. Melilotus &us Medicus wmr~SWEET CLOVER. Adventive. Melilotus officha& (L.) Pallas YELLOW SWEET CLOVER Adventive. Orytmpis lambed Pursh COLORADO LOCO. Psoralidiwn tenuiflom (Pursh) Rydberg [Psoraka tenuiflara Pursh] Thennopsis divancarpa Nelson GOLDEN BANNER. Tdfolium ficrgiferum L. STRAWBERRY CLOVER Adventive. Trifoliwnpmtense L. RED CLOVER. Adventive. nifolium npens L. wmm Dmcacrovnr Adventive. Vi& amerianu Miihlenberg AMERICAN WCH.

Cory&lis aurea Willdenow ssp. aum GOLDEN SMOKE.

GENTIANAmAE GENTIAN FAMILY

Fmsenz speeiosa Douglas er Grisebach MONUMENT PLANT, GREEN GENTIAN. Arewnonanthe afm(Grisebach) Greene EuYrrLE GENTIAN. [Genrianaafl& Gris. in Hooker]

GERANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY

Erodium n'cutariwn (L.) L'Heritier STORKSBILL. Adventive. Gemniwn caespitoswn James COMMON GERANIUM.

GROSSmARIACEAE CURRANT or GOOSEBERRY FAMILY

Ribes aurewn Pursh GOLDEN CURRANT. Ribes cerewn Douglas WAX CURRANT. Ribes inenne Rydberg COMMON GOOSEBERRY. mBoRAamHEUEBORE FAMILY (RANUNCULACEAD

&&hiniwn carvlinianm Walter ssp. vinscens (Nuttall) Johnston PLAINSLARKSPUR. [D. virescem Nutt.] Delphinizun nuttallianm Pritzel BLUE LARKSPUR. [D.nekonii Greene]

HYDRANGEACEm HYDRANGEA FAMILY

Jamcsia ~tericunaTorrey & Gray w~xnow~~.

HYDRo-AcEAE WATERLEAP FAMILY

HydrophyUum fe&n (Gray) Heller WATERLEAF. Phacek hetemphyllo hxsh SCORPION WEED.

Hypen'cm pegomtwn L. KLAMATH WEED. Adventive.

IRlDACEAE IRIS FAMILY

Iris missouliensis Nuttall wns nus. SisyMchiwn nrontanum Greene BLUE-EYED-GRASS.

JUNCACEAE RUSE FAMILY

Jurcus arcticus Willdenow ssp. afer (Rydb.) Hulten Juncus artlcubtu L. Adventive. Juncw b~f0dUSL. TOAD RUSH. Juncus comprcssus Jacquin Adventive. Juncus confums Coville Juncus dudleyi Wiegand [J. ten& Willdenow] * Juncus interior Wiegd + Juncus longidylis Torrey Juncus sarimantcurus Nelson Lush pamnrn (Ehrhart) Desvaux WOOD RUSH.

Lycopus americanus Miihlenberg ex Barton WATER HOREHOUND. Mentho amensis L. FIELD MINT. Medha spi& L. SPEARMIPFT. Adventive. + Momrda fistulosa L. var. medhi/olio (Graham) Fernald PINK BERGAMOT. Nepeta catah L. CATNIP. Adventive. Runella vulgaris L. HEALALL. &dvia ~fIexaHornemann LANCE LEAVED SAGE. Adventive. Scutelladia brittonii Porter BRTITON SKULLCAP. Teucrizun mnadense L. var.occidentcrlis GERMANDER. LEMNACEAE DUCKWEED FAMILY

Lemna minor L. DUCKWEED.

LEucEm LILY FAMILY (~eeah ALLIACEAE, CONVALLANACEAE, CALOCHORTACEAE, MELIANTHIACEAE,PD~ UYULARIACEAE) hucochum monlanun Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray SAND LILY.

Acmlasia disperser (Wa!son) Davidson [Mentzelia dispersa Wats.] + Nuttallia sinuata (Rydberg) Daniels [Memelia sinuata (Rydb.) Rill] + Nutlczlli spedosa (Osterhout) Greene [Mentzelia speciosa Osterhout] +

MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY

Mdva neglecta Wallroth r&uow. Adventive. ~phaemlceacoccinea (Pursh) Rydberg COPPER MALLOW.

Toxtcosconiion vemsum (Watson) Rydberg DEATH CAMAS. [Zighgraminars Rydb. ;Z venenosus Watson]

MONOTROPACEAE PINE~APFAMILY (ERICACEAE)

NYCTAGINACEAE FOUR O'CLOCK FAMILY

Oxybaphus hirsutrrs (Pursh) Sweet in De CandolIe HAIRY UMBREX-UWORT. [Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacMillan] Oxybaphus lineoris (Pursh) Robinson NARROW LEAVED UMBRELLAWORT. [Mirabilis linemis (Pursh) Heimerl] Oxybuphus nyctagineus (Michaux) Porter HEART-LEAVEDUMBREUAWORT. [Mirubilis nyctaginea (Mich.) MacMillan] +

ONAGRACEAE EVENINGPRIMROSE FAMILY

Colylophus semrlatus (Nuttall) Raven [Oenothera serrulata Nutt.] Chanterion danielsii Eve FIREWEED. [C.angustifoliwnandlor EpiIobiwn angwtifolium of Colorado literature] Circuea alpinn L. ssp. pacifica (Ascherson 8c Magnus) Raven ENCHANTERS NKG~HADE. Epilobiwn bmchycorpwn Presl ANNUALWIUOW HERB. [E.paniculatwn Nuttall] Gilobium cilicrhrm -Rafinesque ssp. g&nd&sum (Lehmann) Hoch & Raven NORTHERN WILLOW HERB. [E. adenocaubn Haussknecht] Gaum coccinm Nuttall er Pursh SC- GAURA. Gaum pan@bro Douglas ex Lehmann Oenothem caespitosa Nuttall WHK'E SrlEMLESS EVENING PRIMROSE. + Oenothem villosa Thmberg ssp. stiigosa (Rydberg) Dietrich & Raven COMMON WENING PRIMROSE. [O.strigosa (Rydberg) Mackenzie & Bush]

ComllorhLo macJat4 Raiineque SW~ITEDcow ROOT. ComibrfrLa ~~TWULindley SlluPED CORAL ROOT. co~rhizcrwisteriama Conrad SmGCORAL ROOT. Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydberg NORTHERN BOG ORCHID. [Hobe-a hyperborea (L.) Brown] + Sphnthes diluvialis Sheviak UTE LADY TRESSES.

Aphyllon faseicuhztzun (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray BROOMRAPE. [Orobanche farciculaza Nutt.] Aphyllon un@70nun(L.) Torrey & Gray BROOMRAPE. [Orobancfre uniflora L.]

OXALIDACEAE WOOD SORREL FAMILY

&& dillenii J"QU~ WOOD SORREL.

PAPAVERACEAE POPPY FAMILY

Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) Ownbey PRICKLY POPPY. [A. intmmedia Sweet] Papaver orientale L. ORIENTALPOPPY. Adventive.

PLANTAG1NACEA.E PLANTAIN FAMILY

Plantago lanceok2ta L. ENGLISHPLANTAJN. Adventive. Plantago mqior L. COMMON PLANTAIN. Adventive. Phntag0 patagonicu Jacquin WOOLY PLANTAIN. Adventive, +

POACEAE/GRAMINEAE GRASS FAMILY

Agropymn cristcrlwn 6.)Gaertner ssp. desertonan (Fischer) TAve & Lijve CRFCXEDWHEAT GRASS. [A. desenorurn (Fisch.) Schultes] Adventive. Agrostis gigantea Roth RED MP. Adventive. dgrostis sdmWilldenow TICKLEGRASS. + Andropogon gem& Vitmaa BIG BLUESTEM. Anisantha tectonun (L.) Nevski CHEATGRASS. [Bromus tectonun L.] Adventive. Aristido pupurea Nuttall THREE AWN.mcluding A. fendlerianu Steudel, A. hantardii Vasey, A. bngisera Steudel, A. wnghtii Nash] Amhenathenun elhius (L.) Presl TALLOAT GRASS. Adventive. Boutelour curtipend& (Michaux) TO~YSIDE-OATS GRAMA. Bromopsis inennis (Leysser) Holub SMOOTH BROME. [Bromus inennk Leysser] Adventive. Bromopsis bees (Shear) Holub BROME. [Bromus hmripes Shear; B. anomalus Ruprecht er Fournier var lanutipa] Bromus brizifod Fischer & Meyer RA~ZE~NAKEGRASS. Adventive. Bmmus japonicus Thunberg JAPANESEBROME. Adventive. B~chlordoc~idrs (Nuttall) Engelmanu BUFFALO GRASS. Cercrtochloa cam(Hooker & Arnott) Tutin RESCUE GRASS. [Bromur cmiMtur Hook. & Arnott] Chondroswn gmciIe Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth BLUE GRAMA [Boutelow gracilis (H.B.& K)Lagasca er Griffiths] Chondrosw hirsutwn (Lagasca) Sweet HAIRY GRAMA. [Boutebua hirsuta Lag.] Criteswnjubatwn (L.) Nevski FOXTAIL BARLEY. [Hordewnjubatwn L.] Cylindropynun cylindricwn (Host) Eve GOAT GRASS.[Aegilops cylindrica Host] Adventive. Dactylis gbmerafo L. ORCHARD GRASS. Adventive. Danthoniu spicotcr (L.) Beauvois POVERTY OAT GRASS. Dichunthelium oligosonthes (Schultes) Gould var. scribnerionwn (Nash)Gould [Panicurn scribnoianum Nash] + Elymus canadensis L. CANADA WILD RYE. Elymus ghucus Buckley BLUE WILD RYE. Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould [Agropyvn albicans Scrib. & Sm.; Elytrigia albicanr (Scrib. & Sm.) Weber] + Elymus lon~olius(Smith) Gould SQUIRREL TAIL. [Siranion longifoliwn Smith] Elymus tmchycaulus (Link) Gould SLENDER WHEATGRASS. [Agropyron trachycalrlum (Link) Malte] Elymmgiarepens (L.) Nevski QUACK GRASS. [Agrovon repem (L.) Beauvois] Adventive. Festuca pmtensis Hudson MEADOW FESCUE. [F. elatior L.] Adventive. Fesestuca saximontana Rydberg + Glyceria elm mash a Rydberg) Hitchcock TALL MANNA GRASS. GIyceria striata (Lamarck) Hitchcock FOWL MANNA GRASS. Koeleria macmntha (Ledebour) Schultes JUNE GXUS. [K. crisrara (L.) Persoon, K. gracilis Pers.] Leucopoa Kingii (Watson) Weber SPIKE FESCUE. [Hespmochloa kingii (Watson) Rydberg] Leymus Mlbig~us(Vasey & Scribner) Dewey COLORADO WILD RYE. [Elymus Mlbiguus Vasey & Scribner] Muhlenbergia aspedfolia @lees & Meyen a Trinius) Pamdi *UWI MUI-ILY. Muhlenbergia montona (Nuttall) Hitchcock MOUNTAIN MlMLY. Muhlenbergia mcemoso (Michaux) Brhn, Steams, & Poggenberg MARSH MUHLY. + Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey SPME MUHLY. Orywpsis asperifolia Michaux ROUGH-LEAVED RICEGRASS. + O~yzopsismicmntha (Trinius & Ruprecht) Thurber RICEGRASS. Pu~~cw~VirgatWn L. SWCHGRASS. Pascopynun smithii (Rydberg) Liive WESTERNWHEATGRASS. [Agropyron smithii Rydberg] Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert REED CANARY GRASS. [Phalaris arundimcea L.] Adventive. Phleum pmtense L. TIMOTHY. Adventive. Pocl agassizensis Boivin & D. Gve BLUEGRASS. Pw bulbo~L. BULBOUS BLUEGRASS. POUcompressa L. CANADA BLUEGRASS. Adventive(?). Pw fendle~na(Steudel) Vasey MUTTONGRASS. + Poa nemomlis L. ssp. interior (Rydberg) Butters & Abbe [P. inrerior Rydb.] Poa pralensis L. KENIUCKY BLUEGRASS. Adventive. b,-cinellia airoides Watson & Coulter ALKALI GRASS. [P.nurtalliana of literature] Scfrit7chyrirun scopariwn (Michaux) Nash L~ITLEBLUESLZM. [Andropogon scoparius Michaux] Sorg,?as.+mm avenuceum (Michaux) Nash INDIAN GRASS. [S. nutam (L.) Nash] Sporobolui hererolepis (Gray) Gray PRAIRIE DROPSEED. Stipa co,W Trinius & Ruprecht NEEDLE-ANDTHREAD. Stipa nekunii Scribner NEEDLEGRASS. [S.columbiana Macoun] Stipa vbiddu Trimus GREEN NEEDLEGRASS. Thinopynun inrmnediwn (Host) Barkworth & Dewey WHEAT GRASS. [Agropyron inrennedium (Host) Beauvois; Elytrigia inrennedia (Host) Nevski] Adventive. Vulpia octoflom (Walter) Rydberg SIX WEEKS FESCUE.[Fesnrca odofrora Walt.]

PomMoN&lcEAE PHLOX FAMILY

cobmia NUNNARROWLEAVED COLLOMIA. Ipomopsis aggngata (Pursh) Grant ssp. ca& (Rydberg) Grant & Grant GILIA. [Gilia candida Rydb.; I. can& (Rydb.) Wherry1 Ipomopsis spiecrta (Nuttall) Grant sPm GILIA.[Gilia spicata Nutt.] Microsteris gmeilis (Douglas er Hooker) Greene ssp. hwnilis (Greene) Grant [M.hrmrilis (Doug. et Hook.) Greene] Phlox multiflom Nelson MANY-FU~WEREDPHLOX.

POLYGONACEBE BUCKWHEAT FAMILY

Acetosella vulgads (Kwh) Fourreau sHEs SORREL. [Rwner acetoseua L.] Adventive. Eriogonum e&um NUN Eriogonm wsii Bentham var. fIavescens Watson + Eriogonum umbemTorrey SULPHUR FLOWER. Polygonum mmastmm Boreau DEvIt.S SHOESTRING. [P. avicuhre, P. run'vagum of many authors] Adventive. Polygonum douglasii Greene DOUGLAS KN-. [P. rnonfanwn (Small) Greene, P. sawatchenre Small] Pterogonum ahhm (Torrey) Gross WINGED BUCKWHEAT. [Eriogonwn alanun Torrey] Rwnex crispw L. CURLY DOCK, Adventive.

PoRTuLACEAE PURSLANE FAMILY

CIaytonicr ~OS@ Rydkg SPRING BEAUTY. [C. lanceolata Pursh]

PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY

Androsace septentrionoIis L. ROCK PRIMROSE. Dodecatheon pulchellum (Rafinw)Med SHOOTING STAR. Lysimachicz ciliatn L. FRINGED LOOSESTRIFE.[Steirom ciliatwn (L.)Rafinesque] *

PYROLACEAE WINTERGREEN FAMILY

Chimaphila wnbeUota (L.) Barton ssp. occidentalis (Rydberg) Hulh PIPSLSSEWA. Orthilicr secundcr (L.) House ONE-SIDED -GREEN. [@rota seed L.; Ramiscfiia senurda (L.) Garcke] + Pyrola chlomntha Swartz GREEN-FLOWERED PYROLA. [P. virens Schweigge] +

WCULACEAE BUTTERCUP FAMILY (see also COPTACEAE and HELLEBORACEAE)

Anemone cyhdiicu Gray THIMBLEWJED. Atmgene occideeHornemann BLUE CLEMATIS. [Clsnatis occidentalis (Hornemann) DeCandolle, C. colwnbiana of Colorado literature] &Itrechima circinhtlm (Sibthorp) Fries WATER CROWFOOT. [Ranunculus circiniatus Sib.] CledligmScifolia Nuttall VIRGIN'SBOWER. Confzom hitsutissima (Pursh) Weber SUGARBOWLS.[CIemafis hirslrtissimcr Pursh] Puldhpatens (L.)Mum ssp. multifida (Pritzel) Zamels PASQUE no- [P. ludovicim (Nuttall) Heller; Anemone patens L.] @ Ranuncvlvs abodvus L. ssp. acmhdut (Fernald) &poor SMALL FLOWERFD CROWPCXYT. hnunculus acrifotmh Gray SHARP B~~TERCUP. + Ranunculus macounii Britton MACOUWS B~CUP.

-AaAE BUCKTHORN FAMILY

Ceanothusfendleri Gray BUCKBRUSH. Ceanothus herbaceus Rafineque REDROOT. [C. ovaDesfontaines] Ceanothus velutinus Douglas ex Hooker STICKY LAUREL.

ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY

Agrimonia striata Michaux AGRIMONY. Amelanchier alnifolio Nuttall SERVICEBERRY. Cemsus pennsylvanica (L.) Loiselm PINCHERRY. [Aunuspennsylvanica L.] Cercourrpus molrtonus Rafinesque MOUNTAIN-MAHOGOM. cmtaegus elythropodrz Ashe HAWTHORN. + C&ps macmcu~haLoddiges var. occidentcrIis (Britbn) Eggleston HA~ORN.[C. succulents of Colorado literalure] Zbymocallis fissu (Nuttall) Rydberg [Potentilkzfisa Nutt.] Fmgaria vescu L. ssp. bmcteatcr (Heller) Staudt STRAWBERRY.[F. ammicana (Porter) Britton] Gem aleppicwn Jacquin ssp. Sm'ctum (Aiton) Clausen YELLOW AV~.[G. Aiton] Holodiscus dwnosus (Hooker) Heller OCEANSPRAY. Malus domesticu Borkhausen APPLE. [M. pwnila Miller] Adventive. Oreobatus deliciosus (James) Rydberg BOULDER RASPBERRY. [Rubus deliciosus James] Padus viqinhna (L.) Miller ssp. nulamuupa (Nelson) Weber CHOKECHERRY. [PRUZUSvirginha L] Physocarpus momgynus (Torrey) Coulter NTNEBARK Potentilla hippiana Lehmann WooLY CINQUEFOIL. Potentilla pensylvanica L. PRAIRIE CINQUEFOIL. PotentilIa recta L. Adventive. Prunus amencam Marshall wns PLUM. Rosa woodsii Lindley WILD ROSE. Rubus idaeus L. ssp. me lam^ (Dieck) Focke WED RASPBERRY.

RuBIACEAE MADDER FAMILY

Galiwn aparine L. CLEAVERS. Adventive. Galium septelrtriod Roemer Br Schultes NORTHERN BEDSTRAW. [G.bore& of Colorado literahre]

SALICACEAE WILLOW FAMILY

Populus acuminato Rydberg Populus alba L. POPLAR. Adventive. + Popdus angustifolia James NARROWLEAP COITONWOOD. Populus deltoides Marshall ssp. monilifeem (Aiton) Eckenwalder PWsCOTTONWOOD. [P.sargentii Dode] Populus tremuloides Micham ASPEN. &I& amygdaloides Andersson PEACH LEAVED WILLOW. &I& bebbiana Sargent BEAKED WILLOW. [S.depressa of Colorado literature] Salir exigua Nuttall SANDBAR WW. a Salir @&is L. mow. Adventive. ,!&& h70reCo An-n BLUESEM WILLOW. Salir scoule&a~Barntt f

Comundm umbeUclra (L.) Nuttall ssp. p& @e Candolle) Piehl BASTARD TOADFLAX. [C. pdlida DC]

SAXIFRAGAcEAE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY

Ciliaria austromolrtaM (Weigaad) Weber sKmED SAXIFUGE. [Smpaga bronchialis L. ssp. aumromontana (Weig.) Piper] Heuchem bmcteatcr florrey) Seringe BRACITD ALUMROOT. Heuchem pam~olinNuttall ex Torrey & Gray COMMON ~1.mROOT. Micmnihes rhomboidca (Gteene) Small SNOWSAXIFRAGE. [Smifraga rhomboidea Greenel

ScRoP'HUI,A.cEAE FIGWORT FAMILY

Besseya pbntaginea (Bentham) Rydberg FOOTHILLS BESSEYA. + C&ja irliifolia Bentham in De Candolle WYOMING PAINTBRUSH. Castilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker SCARLET PAINTIRUSH. Cmtilkja sessilifrom Pursh PLAINS PAINTBRUSH. Collin& pammm Douglas in Lindley BABY-BLUE-EYES. Digitalis purpuma L. FOXGLOVE. Adventive. Linaiia genistafoh (L.) Miller ssp. &ahatica (L.) Maire Bu'lTER AND EGGS. [L. dalmatica (L.) Miller] Adventive. Mimulus glabratus H.B.K. SMOOTH MONKEY FLOWER. Penstemon glaber Pursh s~oonfPENSTEMON. [P. alpinur Tomy] Penstemon gm& Nuttall SLENDER PENSTEMON. Penstemon secundifrorus Bentham in De Candolle owmmPEN~ON. Penstemon vhns PenneU ex Rydberg Low PENSTEMON. Pensiemon virgatus Gray ssp. asa-gmyi Crosswhite Scrophularia lanceolcrta Pursh FIGWORT. Venbascwn thapsus L. MULLEIN. Adventive. Veronica cunericana Schweintz ex Bentham AMERICAN BROOKLIME. Veronica catenata Pennell Adventive.

SmACACEAE SMILAX FAMILY

&?di?.rbsionewon Hooker CARRION FLOWER. [S. herbacea L. var. lasioneuron (Hook.) De Candollel

Physalis virginkana Miller GROUND CHERRY. [P. lanceolata Michaux] + Sohnum rostrnhrm Dunal BUFFALO BUR. Adventive.

TmCEAE CATTAIL FAMILY npha fah'f0lia L. BROAD LEAVED CAlTAIL. aMAC%B ELMFAMILY

h pun& L. SLBEWANELM. Adventive.

URTICACEm NETLZE FAMILY

P~~ pensplvaniw Miihl- ex Willdenow P~RY. urtiur gm& Aiton SIWGING NE~.[U.dioica L. var. gracilis Aiton; U. gracilema Greene]

VERBmACEAE VERVAINFAMILY

Phyla cune&lia (Torrey) Greezle FOG FRUlT. * Verbena bmcteata Lag- & Rodriguez VERVAIN. Advdve.

VIOLACEAE VIOLET FAMILY

vwla nu#allii Pursh YELLOW VIoLEr. ' vw& pe&fij& Don BIRDFOOT VIOLET. Vio& rydbergii Greene [V.rugulosa and V. camdensis of the Colorado literakure] Viola scopulonmr (Gray) Greene [V.cdmisL. var. scopulonmr Gray]

WCACEB DWARF MISTLETOE FAMILY

VITACEAE GRAPEFAMILY - tririparirr Mich wILD GRAPE. [K w@imof the Colorado literakure]

ZYwmACEAE CALTROP FAMILY

Tribuh temshis L. PuNCrURE VINE. Adventive. *

Floristic Summar~

Families 97 Genera 324 Species 478 Adventives 90