APS Announces Spring 2003 Prize and Award Recipients
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Spring 2003 APS AnnouncesPrizes Spring 2003and Prize andAwards Award Recipients Thirty-six APS prizes and awards will University in Kingston, Ontario as professor In 1938 he moved to 2003 DAVISSON GERMER PRIZE be presented during special sessions at of physics and director of the Sudbury Princeton University, three spring meetings of the Society: the Neutrino Observatory (SNO) Institute and Ruud Tromp where he remained until 2003 March Meeting, 3-7 March, in Aus- in 2002 he was awarded a University IBM TJ Watson Research Center 1976. He then spent a tin, TX; the 2003 April Meeting, April 5-8, Research Chair in Physics. His research has Citation: “For his pioneering work in decade at the University in Philadelphia, PA; and the 2003 meet- centered on the use of the nucleus as a understanding the structure and growth of of Texas at Austin. His ing of the APS Division of Atomic, laboratory for the investigation of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces.” early contributions Molecular and Optical Physics, May 21- fundamental symmetries and interactions include the S matrix, the Tromp received a degree of physics 24, 2003; in Boulder, CO. of nature. He continues an active teaching theory of nuclear rotation, the theory of engineer from the Twente University of Citations and biographical informa- and research program in addition to the nuclear fission, action-at-a-distance Technology (the Netherlands) in 1978. In tion for each recipient follow. The Directorship of SNO. electrodynamics , and the collective model 1982 he obtained his Apker Award recipients appeared in of the nucleus. Beginning in 1952, he became PhD degree in physics the December 2002 issue of APS News immersed in gravitation physics, “inventing” 2003 HERBERT P. BROIDA PRIZE from the University of (http:/www.aps.org/apsnews/1202/ the geon and quantum foam, and later Utrecht, for research at 120205.html). Additional biographical George W. Flynn coining the terms Planck scale and black hole. the FOM Institute for information and appropriate Web links Columbia University In the 1940s Wheeler contributed to the Atomic and Molecular can be found at the APS Web site Citation: “For pioneering, insightful and Manhattan Project, and in the 1950s to the Physics in Amsterdam. (http:/www.aps.org). Nominations for sustained studies of vibrational energy development of thermonuclear weapons. He In 1983 he joined the IBM most of next year’s prizes and awards transfer in polyatomic molecules using a served as APS President in 1966. T.J. Watson Research are now being accepted. For details, see number of innovative experimental Center as a research staff member. At IBM pages 7 and 8 of this of this insert. techniques, and for recent contributions to he has held positions as manager of 2003 DANNIE HEINEMANN PRIZE understanding of liquid-solid interfaces Interface Science, and of Analytical PRIZES using scanning probe techniques.” Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat Science, as consultant to the IBM Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Flynn received his PhD from Harvard in Corporate Technology Council, and 2003 HANS A. BETHE PRIZE 1964. He did postdoctoral work in physics at presently as manager of Molecular James W. York Michael C. F. Wiescher M.I.T. from 1964-1966. In 1967 he joined Assemblies and Devices. His research Cornell University Columbia University’s Chemistry Department interests include the structure and growth University of Notre Dame Citation: “For separate as well as joint as an assistant professor. He served as Thomas of surfaces and interfaces, surface phase Citation: “For his contributions to the work in proving the existence and uniqueness Alva Edison Professor (1986-92) and became transitions, modifications of crystal of solutions to Einstein’s gravitational field experimental foundation of nuclear Higgins Professor of Chemistry in 1994. From growth by organic and inorganic astrophysics, especially the delineation of the equations for a variety of sources, and for 1979-2000 he served as monolayers (‘surfactants’), and the formulating these equations so as to improve processes involved in explosive hydrogen either director or co- development of novel experimental burning in novae and x-ray bursters; and for numerical solution procedures with director of the Columbia techniques and methods. relevance to realistic physical systems.” providing an intellectual bridge between Radiation Laboratory, experimental nuclear astrophysicists and and was appointed Born in Lille, France, 2003 EINSTEIN PRIZE their theoretical colleagues.” director of the Columbia Choquet-Bruhat studied at the Ecole Normale Wiescher is pre- Environmental Molec- Peter G. Bergmann Superieure and received sently the director of ular Sciences Institute in Syracuse University, (deceased) her PhD in 1951 from the the Joint Institute of 1998. His research John A. Wheeler Universite de Paris. She Nuclear Astrophysics interests include vibrational relaxation Princeton University, (retired) was a researcher at (JINA) and Freimann processes in molecules with “chemically Citation: “For pioneering investigations Princeton University’s Professor of Physics significant” amounts of energy and laser in general relativity, including gravitational Institute for Advanced Study for two years at the University of temperature-jump techniques. radiation, quantum gravity, black holes, space before joining the faculty of the Universite de Notre Dame. His time singularities, and symmetries in Marseille in 1953. She has been a professor at present research interests range from 2003 OLIVER E. BUCKLEY PRIZE Einstein’s equations, and for leadership and the Universite de Paris since 1968, where she nucleosynthesis scenarios during late stellar inspiration to generations of researchers in currently holds emeritus status. Her current evolution to the fate of matter on accreting Boris Altshuler general relativity.” work is on developing the best hyperbolic white dwarfs and neutron stars. He also Princeton University formulation of evolution problems in developed a pioneering scientific program Citation: “For fundamental contributions Bergmann was born numerical studies; and on lowering the of close collaboration between nuclear to the understanding of the quantum in Berlin. At age 21, he smoothness of solutions of constraints in physicists and astrophysicists within the mechanics of electrons in random potentials received his PhD from isolated bodies. She received France’s highly interdisclipinary field of nuclear and confined geometries, including the German University prestigious commandeur de la legion astrophysics. Wiescher got his PhD in 1980 pioneering work on the interplay of in Prague. From 1936 to d’honneur in 1999. at Muenster. He is very active in the future interactions and disorder.” 1941, he collaborated planning of the field from the motivation with Albert Einstein at and construction of Rare Isotope Accelerator Altshuler was born the Institute for York studied at North Carolina State RIA to the Underground Laboratory. on January 27, 1955 in Advanced Studies. University, where he received his PhD in Leningrad (now St. From 1941-1944, Bergmann taught at Black 1966. He joined the faculty of Princeton Petersburg) Soviet Mountain College and at Lehigh University. University in 1968, where he initiated studies 2003 TOM W. BONNER PRIZE Union (now Russia). In From 1944-1947, he was engaged in war of the constraint equations of Einstein’s Arthur Bruce McDonald 1970 he started his research on underwater sound at Columbia Queen’s University, Canada undergraduate studies University and the Woods Hole at Leningrad State Table of Contents Citation: “For his leadership in resolving Oceanographic Institution. In 1947, he took the solar neutrino problem with the Sudbury University and received a position at Syracuse University. Here Neutrino Observatory.” his Diploma in 1976. The same year he together with his students and coworkers Prize and Award became a graduate student at the he began a research program to construct a McDonald earned Leningrad Institute for Nuclear Physics. quantum theory of relativity. He retired Recipients his PhD from California Altshuler received his PhD there in 1979 from Syracuse University in 1982 and 1 Institute of Technology and continued to work at that Institute until became a Research Professor at NYU. He New APS and worked at the 1989, first as a junior research fellow and died on October 19, 2002. Chalk River Nuclear later as a senior research fellow. In 1989 he Fellows Laboratories of AECL moved to the US and joined the faculty of Wheeler received his PhD in theoretical 4 until 1981. From 1981 to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. physics from Johns Hopkins University in Nominations for 1989 he was a professor In 1996 he moved to Princeton University, 1933. Following postdoctoral years in New of physics at Princeton University and co- where he is a professor of physics. From York and in Copenhagen, he joined the 2002 Prizes and principal investigator of the Princeton 1994 Altshuler also became a Fellow at the faculty of the University of North Carolina. 8 Awards Cyclotron. In 1989 he moved to Queen’s NEC Research Institute. theory. His other Stanford University and 60 times before Congress. He has a BS in later, associate professor of physics at the principal research postdoctoral research at physics and honorary doctorate from University of Genova from 1964 to 1971, interest is the statistical the California Institute of Christian Brothers College, and a PhD in when he moved to the University of