Impact of COVID-19 on the Institutional Education System and Its Associated Students in Bangladesh
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Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 11(2): 34-46, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61036 ISSN: 2581-6268 Impact of COVID-19 on the Institutional Education System and its Associated Students in Bangladesh Efta Khairul Haque Emon1*, Ashrafur Rahman Alif2 and M. Shahanul Islam3 1 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Henan, China. 2Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College, Bangladesh. 3College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology University, No 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, China. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author EKHE designed the study, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ARA managed the analyses of the study. Author MSI performed the statistical analysis and managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJESS/2020/v11i230288 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Sara Marelli, Scientific Institute and University Hospital IRCCS San Raffaele Ville Turro, Italy. (2) Dr. M. Camino Escolar-Llamazares University of Burgos, Spain. (3) Dr. Velan Kunjuraman Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Malaysia. Reviewers: (1) Juvrianto Chrissunday Jakob, Politeknik Negeri Ambon, Indonesia. (2) Andnet Nigussie Habte, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia. (3) Akhsanul In’am, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/61036 Received 27 August 2020 Original Research Article Accepted 18 September 2020 Published 02 October 2020 ABSTRACT Aim: The effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the education system of Bangladesh and its possible solution is the focus of the present study. Design: The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted through all the districts of Bangladesh from 8 March (2020) to 30 July (2020) accordingly. Methodology: Descriptive survey with the interactive interview via online in the pandemic area and offline field works for collecting data in possible places were the main structural design of this research. Results: The COVID-19 has affected worldwide education sectors by shutting down many institutes and temporarily pushing the majority of students out of school. Most countries have temporarily closed their educational institutions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. In Bangladesh, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Emon et al.; AJESS, 11(2): 34-46, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61036 near 40 million students are now out of school, until the epidemic returns to normal. Besides this universal disruption, out-school learning deprivation varies depending on the socio-economic status of the mass population, their access to technology, parental capabilities, and so on. Most countries are using online or satellite television platforms to deliver education during the pandemic, which is not enough to meet the contrasting levels. Although, developed countries (first and second world) are making good strides with online teaching while struggles are seen in rest (third-world countries). This article highlights how COVID-19 is affecting the education sector and students in Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, the most immediate impact of the Covid-19 on students of Bangladesh is abruptions in learning opportunities with multiple other aspects. Despite earnest government attempts, COVID-19 is adversely affecting students in Bangladesh for several significant reasons. Conclusion: Collective responses and analysis revealed that not technologies but also technicalities are needed to run the education system smoothly besides this pandemic situation accordingly. Keywords: COVID-19; Bangladesh; Coronavirus; impact; education; poverty. 1. INTRODUCTION taking various strategies and steps to mitigate the adverse effects of COVID-19 in A zoonotic disease caused by a Coronavirus that education. has not been diagnosed before in humans was first identified in the human body in late There have been a couple of remarkable December 2019 in Wuhan, a city in China's innovations in the responses of educationists to Hubei province [1]. At the end of January, it was the current crisis. However, relying only on online declared a public health emergency of global education approaches will imply reaching only concern and was characterized as a pandemic students from well-off families, as many on March 11, by the World Health Organization educationists are concerned. Approximately 1.5 [2]. Across the world, COVID-19 affects 213 billion students worldwide are affected so far due nations and regions, and a couple of international to educational Institution closures [10]. Learning conveyances [3]. The first 3 cases have identified Lab Bangladesh COVID-19 Multi-sector Impact In Bangladesh on March 8 (2020) by the Institute Report says, almost 60 percent of the students of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research have not even heard from Institutions about how [4]. Two of the three affected recently returned the educational activities will continue. According home from Italy. Since the number of affected to 38 percent of parents, there is no continuity in people increased periodically, the government teaching [11]. Household Income Expenditure announced lockdown throughout the country Survey says that 8.4 million student’s families from March 26 to April 4 [5]. At the end of April, live below the poverty level [12]. Their income the rate of new infections began to rise very has dropped by 25% in the last three months. rapidly. Besides, 24.50% of students from low-income families need proper support [12]. During the The highest single-day rises were found on April three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 26, when 549 new cases got in the last 24 hours ratio increased by 45% [12]. This phenomenon [6]. So far, Bangladesh has extended the leads to a higher dropout rate. According to lockdown seven times. On March 16, they Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information decided to keep all the educational institutions and Statistics (BANBEIS), the post-secondary closed from March 17 to 31 [7]. Later, the Dropout Rate is 19.60% [12]. COVID-19 has a government extended the time of the closure driven, devastating impact on low-income until April 9 to prevent the spread of deadly countries like Bangladesh. Most citizens live Coronavirus. On April 27, the Prime minister of below the poverty line, so it is often impossible Bangladesh said all educational institutions might for them to get online education through remain closed until September if the epidemic expensive devices. Even the monthly salary of a situation does not improve [8]. At the date of May teacher in Bangladesh is not enough. Indeed, 7 (2020), There is no district of Bangladesh left most teachers do not have high-cost Internet as a corona free zone (Fig. 1A). This pandemic devices because their monthly income rate is has led to unprecedented levels of disruption to low. If the situation continues in the long run, it education, impacting over 90% of the world's will be a significant loss for numerous students in student population [9]. Different countries are Bangladesh. 35 Emon et al.; AJESS, 11(2): 34-46, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61036 1.1 Focus and Objectives of Present response from 2460 people was tabulated and Study analyzed from a different perspective during this study. The data were categorized into The objectives of the present study are focusing different perspectives, i.e., response time, email on new challenges by COVID-19 pandemic and address, name, age, educational information, their possible remedies by using current source of family income, number of earning technology, after maintaining the possible social members of the family, earning range per month, distances and Corona related health cautions. and information about educational institutions. Recommendation for making better policy to reconstruct the education system will be briefly 2.3 Data Analysis described accordingly. Related statistical analyses will also help to understand the Data of COVID-19 infected people in Bangladesh significant impact of probable variables among as well as in a world where collected from each other. International database [3]. Necessary details of COVID-19 situations were demonstrated 2. METHODOLOGY according to its significance (Fig. 1A). The present study used the data of infected people in 2.1 Study Area 7 may 2020 because each district of Bangladesh was becoming affected at this time. The Study areas were randomly distributed across the whole country. It was automatically All surveyed data were divided into different generated according to the responses from the categories and tabulated for further analysis. people of all districts (Fig. 1) by online survey This study tried to understand the data structures and offline fieldwork. For having a better view of basis on the economic group of sampled people. the challenges about COVID-19, sampling the Pearson correlation analysis was done to identify responses of the related population from each the impact of different variables on the livelihood district were done. of sampled people. Furthermore, this study discussed various impacts of the current situation 2.2 Sampling Methods of pandemic (COVID-19) on the study curriculum and mental responses of institutional students Online questionnaire surveys