Drosera (Droseraceae), Utricularia and Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae)

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Drosera (Droseraceae), Utricularia and Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) CARNIVOROUS PLANTS of Paraíba, BRAZIL 1 Caio Vinícius da Silva Laboratório de Ecologia Terrestre, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil Photos by the author. Produced by: C. V. da Silva with support from Juliana Philipp & Andrew Mellon Foundation. Thanks for additional support from Herbário Lauro Pires Xavier (UFPB). © C. V. da Silva [[email protected]] [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [737] version 1 10/2015 1 Drosera communis 2 Drosera communis 3 Drosera communis 4 Drosera sessilifolia 5 Drosera sessilifolia DROSERACEAE DROSERACEAE DROSERACEAE DROSERACEAE DROSERACEAE Photo: Gino Juarez 6 Drosera sessilifolia 7 Genlisea filiformis 8 Genlisea filiformis 9 Genlisea filiformis 10 Genlisea repens DROSERACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE 11 Genlisea repens 12 Genlisea repens 13 Utricularia amethystina 14 Utricularia amethystina 15 Utricularia foliosa LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE 16 Utricularia foliosa 17 Utricularia foliosa 18 Utricularia gibba 19 Utricularia gibba 20 Utricularia gibba LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE Drosera (Droseraceae), Utricularia and Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) CARNIVOROUS PLANTS of Paraíba, BRAZIL 2 Caio Vinícius da Silva Laboratório de Ecologia Terrestre, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil Photos by the author. Produced by: C. V. da Silva with support from Juliana Philipp & Andrew Mellon Foundation. Thanks for additional support from Herbário Lauro Pires Xavier (UFPB). © C. V. da Silva [[email protected]] [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [737] version 1 10/2015 21 Utricularia juncea 22 Utricularia juncea 23 Utricularia nana 24 Utricularia nana 25 Utricularia nervosa LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE 26 Utricularia nervosa 27 Utricularia nigrescens 28 Utricularia nigrescens 29 Utricularia pusilla 30 Utricularia simulans LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE 31 Utricularia simulans 32 Utricularia subulata 33 Utricularia subulata 34 Utricularia tenuissima 35 Utricularia tenuissima LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE 36 Utricularia trichophylla 37 Utricularia trichophylla 38 Utricularia triloba 39 Utricularia triloba LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE .

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Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Vol 47 No 1 March 2018
What’s new in the world of carnivorous plants – Summary of two symposia held in July 2017 Simon Poppinga • Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg • Germany • simon.poppinga@ biologie.uni-freiburg.de Firman Alamsyah • Ctech Labs and Indonesian Carnivorous Plant Community • Indonesia Ulrike Bauer • University of Bristol • UK Andreas Fleischmann • Botanische Staatssammlung München • Germany Martin Horstmann • University of Bochum • Germany Saskia Klink • University of Bayreuth • Germany Sebastian Kruppert • University of Bochum • Germany Qianshi Lin • University of British Columbia • Canada Ulrike Müller • California State University Fresno • USA Amanda Northrop • University of Vermont • USA Bartosz J. Płachno • Jagiellonian University in Kraków • Poland Anneke Prins • Middlesex University • UK Mathias Scharmann • ETH Zürich • Switzerland Dagmara Sirová • University of South Bohemia • Czech Republic Laura Skates • University of Western Australia • Australia Anna Westermeier • Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg • Germany Aaron M. Ellison • Harvard Forest • USA • [email protected] Dozens of scientific papers about carnivorous plant research are published each year on diverse topics ranging from new species descriptions, through phylogenetic approaches in taxonomy and systematics, to ecology and evolution of botanical carnivory, biomechanics and physiology of traps, among many others. By the time a paper is published, however, it is already “old news” because the salient results often are presented months or even years earlier at scientific conferences. Such meetings are the perfect venues to discuss ongoing research and “hot” topics and present them to colleagues from around the world. The first and last authors of this report were in the lucky situation to organize symposia about carnivorous plant biology during two major conferences: Simon Poppinga chaired a one-day ses- sion—“Carnivorous plants - Physiology, ecology, and evolution”—on July 6, 2017, as part of the Annual Main Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) in Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Foraging Modes of Carnivorous Plants Aaron M
Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution, 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-20191066 Foraging modes of carnivorous plants Aaron M. Ellison* Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, Massachusetts, 01366, USA Abstract Carnivorous plants are pure sit-and-wait predators: they remain rooted to a single location and depend on the abundance and movement of their prey to obtain nutrients required for growth and reproduction. Yet carnivorous plants exhibit phenotypically plastic responses to prey availability that parallel those of non-carnivorous plants to changes in light levels or soil-nutrient concentrations. The latter have been considered to be foraging behaviors, but the former have not. Here, I review aspects of foraging theory that can be profitably applied to carnivorous plants considered as sit-and-wait predators. A discussion of different strategies by which carnivorous plants attract, capture, kill, and digest prey, and subsequently acquire nutrients from them suggests that optimal foraging theory can be applied to carnivorous plants as easily as it has been applied to animals. Carnivorous plants can vary their production, placement, and types of traps; switch between capturing nutrients from leaf-derived traps and roots; temporarily activate traps in response to external cues; or cease trap production altogether. Future research on foraging strategies by carnivorous plants will yield new insights into the physiology and ecology of what Darwin called “the most wonderful plants in the world”. At the same time, inclusion of carnivorous plants into models of animal foraging behavior could lead to the development of a more general and taxonomically inclusive foraging theory.
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Huntley Meadows Park Wildflowers
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Status of Insectivorous Plants in Northeast India
Technical Refereed Contribution Status of insectivorous plants in northeast India Praveen Kumar Verma • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box # 136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India • [email protected] Jan Schlauer • Zwischenstr. 11 • 60594 Frankfurt/Main • Germany • [email protected] Krishna Kumar Rawat • CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute • Rana Pratap Marg • Lucknow -226 001 (U.P) • India Krishna Giri • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box #136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India Keywords: Biogeography, India, diversity, Red List data. Introduction There are approximately 700 identified species of carnivorous plants placed in 15 genera of nine families of dicotyledonous plants (Albert et al. 1992; Ellison & Gotellli 2001; Fleischmann 2012; Rice 2006) (Table 1). In India, a total of five genera of carnivorous plants are reported with 44 species; viz. Utricularia (38 species), Drosera (3), Nepenthes (1), Pinguicula (1), and Aldrovanda (1) (Santapau & Henry 1976; Anonymous 1988; Singh & Sanjappa 2011; Zaman et al. 2011; Kamble et al. 2012). Inter- estingly, northeastern India is the home of all five insectivorous genera, namely Nepenthes (com- monly known as tropical pitcher plant), Drosera (sundew), Utricularia (bladderwort), Aldrovanda (waterwheel plant), and Pinguicula (butterwort) with a total of 21 species. The area also hosts the “ancestral false carnivorous” plant Plumbago zelayanica, often known as murderous plant. Climate Lowland to mid-altitude areas are characterized by subtropical climate (Table 2) with maximum temperatures and maximum precipitation (monsoon) in summer, i.e., May to September (in some places the highest temperatures are reached already in April), and average temperatures usually not dropping below 0°C in winter.
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Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae) David J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 27 | Issue 1 Article 3 2009 Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae) David J. Hearn University of Arizona, Tucson Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hearn, David J. (2009) "Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 27: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol27/iss1/3 Aliso, 27, pp. 13–38 ’ 2009, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF ANATOMICAL DIVERSIFICATION IN ADENIA (PASSIFLORACEAE) DAVID J. HEARN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT To understand evolutionary patterns and processes that account for anatomical diversity in relation to ecology and life form diversity, anatomy of storage roots and stems of the genus Adenia (Passifloraceae) were analyzed using an explicit phylogenetic context. Over 65,000 measurements are reported for 47 quantitative and qualitative traits from 58 species in the genus. Vestiges of lianous ancestry were apparent throughout the group, as treelets and lianous taxa alike share relatively short, often wide, vessel elements with simple, transverse perforation plates, and alternate lateral wall pitting; fibriform vessel elements, tracheids associated with vessels, and libriform fibers as additional tracheary elements; and well-developed axial parenchyma. Multiple cambial variants were observed, including anomalous parenchyma proliferation, anomalous vascular strands, successive cambia, and a novel type of intraxylary phloem.
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The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia Reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity Saura R. Silva 1 , Ana Paula Moraes 2 , Helen A. Penha 1, Maria H. M. Julião 1, Douglas S. Domingues 3, Todd P. Michael 4 , Vitor F. O. Miranda 5,* and Alessandro M. Varani 1,* 1 Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; [email protected] (S.R.S.); [email protected] (H.A.P.); [email protected] (M.H.M.J.) 2 Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-070, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; [email protected] 4 J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.F.O.M.); [email protected] (A.M.V.) Received: 23 October 2019; Accepted: 15 December 2019; Published: 18 December 2019 Abstract: Utricularia belongs to Lentibulariaceae, a widespread family of carnivorous plants that possess ultra-small and highly dynamic nuclear genomes. It has been shown that the Lentibulariaceae genomes have been shaped by transposable elements expansion and loss, and multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD), making the family a platform for evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. To explore the evolution of Utricularia, we estimated the chromosome number and genome size, as well as sequenced the terrestrial bladderwort Utricularia reniformis (2n = 40, 1C = 317.1-Mpb).
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Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
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The Miniature Genome of a Carnivorous Plant Genlisea Aurea
Leushkin et al. BMC Genomics 2013, 14:476 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/14/476 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The miniature genome of a carnivorous plant Genlisea aurea contains a low number of genes and short non-coding sequences Evgeny V Leushkin1,2, Roman A Sutormin1, Elena R Nabieva1, Aleksey A Penin1,2,3, Alexey S Kondrashov1,4 and Maria D Logacheva1,5* Abstract Background: Genlisea aurea (Lentibulariaceae) is a carnivorous plant with unusually small genome size - 63.6 Mb – one of the smallest known among higher plants. Data on the genome sizes and the phylogeny of Genlisea suggest that this is a derived state within the genus. Thus, G. aurea is an excellent model organism for studying evolutionary mechanisms of genome contraction. Results: Here we report sequencing and de novo draft assembly of G. aurea genome. The assembly consists of 10,687 contigs of the total length of 43.4 Mb and includes 17,755 complete and partial protein-coding genes. Its comparison with the genome of Mimulus guttatus, another representative of higher core Lamiales clade, reveals striking differences in gene content and length of non-coding regions. Conclusions: Genome contraction was a complex process, which involved gene loss and reduction of lengths of introns and intergenic regions, but not intron loss. The gene loss is more frequent for the genes that belong to multigenic families indicating that genetic redundancy is an important prerequisite for genome size reduction. Keywords: Genome reduction, Carnivorous plant, Intron, Intergenic region Background evolutionary and functional points of view. In a model In spite of the similarity of basic cellular processes in eu- plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, number of protein- karyotes, their genome sizes are extraordinarily variable.
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Discovery of Digestive Enzymes in Carnivorous Plants with Focus on Proteases
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 5 June 2018. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/4914), which is the preferred citable publication unless you speciﬁcally need to cite this preprint. Ravee R, Mohd Salleh F‘, Goh H. 2018. Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases. PeerJ 6:e4914 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4914 Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases Rishiesvari Ravee 1 , Faris ‘Imadi Mohd Salleh 1 , Hoe-Han Goh Corresp. 1 1 Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Corresponding Author: Hoe-Han Goh Email address: [email protected] Background. Carnivorous plants have been fascinating researchers with their unique characters and bioinspired applications. These include medicinal trait of some carnivorous plants with potentials for pharmaceutical industry. Methods. This review will cover recent progress based on current studies on digestive enzymes secreted by different genera of carnivorous plants: Drosera (sundews), Dionaea (Venus flytrap), Nepenthes (tropical pitcher plants), Sarracenia (North American pitcher plants), Cephalotus (Australian pitcher plants), Genlisea (corkscrew plants), and Utricularia (bladderworts). Results. Since the discovery of secreted protease nepenthesin in Nepenthes pitcher, digestive enzymes from carnivorous plants have been the focus of many studies. Recent genomics approaches have accelerated digestive enzyme discovery. Furthermore, the advancement in recombinant technology and protein purification helped in the identification and characterisation of enzymes in carnivorous plants. Discussion. These different aspects will be described and discussed in this review with focus on the role of secreted plant proteases and their potential industrial applications.
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Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Vol 48 No 3 September 2019
Growing Drosera murfetii Mark S. Anderson • Vancouver • Washington • USA • [email protected] In the few years since Drosera murfetii has become separated from Drosera arcturi as a new species it has become available to growers, though it is certainly not available everywhere. I feel it is sufficiently unusual and interesting to deserve a place in many carnivorous plant collections. I began growing this species several years ago when a generous group of friends gave me a plant, along with an implied “Good luck!” since little was known about its culture. Here are some of my experiences and thoughts about keeping this fascinating species alive and, maybe, thriving. Drosera murfetii is an odd-ball among sundews (Back Cover). With its strange simple-looking leaves with tentacled ends D. murfetii looks like nothing else, other than D. arcturi. It has been called D. arcturi “giant form” before it was given species status. The leaves are spear-shaped with a pro- nounced mid-rib and are sometimes completely without tentacles (Fig. 1). They have a ‘v’-shaped cross section, the two longitudinal sides separating as the leaf develops. Not very sundew- like. What is very much as you would expect is the tentacles. These grow along the upper surface of the leaf from 1/3 to 2/3 of the length farthest from the main plant and extending to the tip. Another strange thing about this species is the tentacles along the edges generally bend around the leaf to the back side of it. An adaptation al- Figure 1: Drosera murfetii. lowing the plant to catch insects crawl- ing up or landing on this side of the leaf? Drosera murfetii plants generally will have fewer leaves than are common with other Drosera and plants with only one leaf, or none, are not uncommon.
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Exploring the Role of Auxin in the Androgynophore Movement in Passiflora
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 38, 3, 301-307 (2015) Copyright © 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-475738320140377 Research Article Exploring the role of auxin in the androgynophore movement in Passiflora Livia C.T. Scorza and Marcelo Carnier Dornelas Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Abstract The flowers of the species belonging to the genus Passiflora show a range of features that are thought to have arisen as adaptations to different pollinators. Some Passiflora species belonging to the subgenus Decaloba sect. Xerogona, show touch-sensitive motile androgynophores. We tested the role of auxin polar transport in the modula- tion of the androgynophore movement by applying auxin (IAA) or an inhibitor of auxin polar transport (NPA) in the flowers. We recorded the movement of the androgynophore during mechano-stimulation and analyzed the duration, speed, and the angle formed by the androgynophore before and after the movement, and found that both IAA and NPA increase the amplitude of the movement in P. sanguinolenta. We hypothesize that auxin might have a role in modulating the fitness of these Decaloba species to different pollination syndromes and demonstrate that an interspecific hybrid between insect- and hummingbird-pollinated Xerogona species present a heterosis effect on the speed of the androgynophore movement. Keywords: Passiflora, androgynophore, IAA, NPA, thigmotropism. Received: December 18, 2014; Accepted: April 15, 2015. Introduction Recently, we showed that in some Passiflora species, The genus Passiflora comprises about 500 species the androgynophore can also be a thigmotropic structure, which are mostly woody vines that present a huge diversity i.e., it has the capability to move in response to touch and in flower shape, colors and sizes.
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Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Vol 48, No 2, June 2019
Byblis in cultivation in the tropics and in temperate climates Gregory Allan • Birmingham • United Kingdom • [email protected] Cindy Chiang • Singapore • [email protected] This article has been written based mostly on the authors’ experiences in growing Byblis in the UK and in Singapore. It is hoped that growers in regions with different climates will be able to extrapo- late from the information provided here, adjusting the methods described below to suit their own growing conditions. Hopefully much of the information provided here is universal in its application. Introduction If any genus of carnivorous plants deserves to be better known, both by horticulturalists and botanists, it is Byblis. The common name (ironically rarely used by enthusiasts) for the genus is “rainbow plants”, on account of the prismatic effect that can be produced when the sun shines on their copiously-produced sticky glands. All species follow a basic morphological plan: they have a central stem from which radiate numerous filiform leaves and scapes with showy flowers that typi- cally have purple petals (although white forms of most species are known) and vivid yellow anthers. Virtually all parts of the plants are covered in mucilage-tipped stalked glands (colloquially referred to as “tentacles”), which efficiently capture small insects, as well as microscopic sessile digestive glands. Another interesting characteristic of the genus is the presence of pulvini in most, if not all, species. Pulvini are swellings at the base of pedicels which, usually after successful pollination, uti- lize hydraulics to bend the pedicel, and consequently the developing fruit, downwards towards the ground. This phenomenon was discovered by Brian Barnes in the early 21st century.
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