DOCSLIB.ORG

Study on Assistance to Drug Users in Prisons

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study on Assistance to Drug Users in Prisons Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons 2001 Dr. Heino Stöver, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Project leader: Petra Paula Merino, EMCDDA, Drug Demand Reduction EMCDDA scientific report Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons Acknowledgement 4 Preface 1 Introduction 2 PART I: METHODOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS 4 I.1. Methodology 4 I.2. Definitions 4 PART II: DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION 8 II.1. Introduction 8 II.2. Prevalence of drug use among prisoners 8 II.3. What do we know about drug use in prison: drugs, patterns and frequency of use, routes of administration? 14 II.4 Drug use and drug related deaths after release from Prison 20 II.5 Infectious diseases in European Prisons 22 II.5.1. HIV/AIDS 22 II.5.2. Hepatitis B/C 24 II.5.3. Tuberculosis 27 II.6. Specific target groups: women, migrants and young offenders 27 II.6.1. Women 27 II.6.2. Migrants 30 II.6.3. Young offenders 30 PART III: DESCRIPTION OF THE RESPONSES 31 III.1. Introduction 31 III.2. Organisation and practice of health care and assistance provided to drug users in prisons 32 III.2.2. Heath care organisation 33 III.2.3. The principle of 'eQuivalence' in international guidelines and recommendations 36 1 Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons III.2.4. Medical services and examination 38 III.2.5. Training of doctors and staff 39 III.3. Prevention offers 40 III.3.1. Prevention of drug use 40 III.3.1.1. Supply reduction 42 III.3.1.2. Demand reduction 44 III.3.2. Prevention of sexual transmission 45 III.3.2.1. Provision of condoms 46 III.4. Abstinence oriented treatment 48 III.4.1. Detoxification 49 III.4.2. Drug free units and drug free wings 51 III.4.3. Therapeutic Communities in prison 56 III.5. Substitution Treatment 56 III.5.1. Key issues of methadone prescription 66 III.5.2. Standards and guidelines for methadone prescription 69 III.5.3. Provision of Original Substances in Prisons in Switzerland. 73 III.6. Harm-reduction measures 74 III.6.1. The transfer of harm reduction strategies into the prison setting 75 III.6.2. Blood Screening and HIV testing 76 III.6.3. Training and seminars 77 III.6.4. Vaccination Programmes 80 III.6.5. Provision of disinfectants 80 III.6.6. Needle exchange programmes 84 III.7. Community Links 91 III.7.1. Pre-Release units and release 92 III.7.2. Aftercare 93 III.7.3. Working with families and maintaining family ties 94 III.7.4. Through care 95 III.7.5. Therapeutic Communities for sentenced offender outside prison 96 PART IV: EVALUATION OF DEMAND AND HARM REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS IN PRISONS IN THE EU 99 IV.1. Introduction 99 IV.2. Evaluation criteria 100 2 Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons IV.3. Results of evaluations 100 CONCLUSIONS 109 Health risks 111 Drug free treatment 113 Substitution treatment 113 Transfer of harm reduction measures into prisons 114 Knowledge 115 APPENDICES: EUROPEAN GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 119 A1 Prison and Drugs 1998: European Recommendations (The European Network of Drug and HIV/AIDS Services in Prison/Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg) 119 A2 Prison and Drugs 1998: Youth and Women – European Recommendations (The European Network of Drug and HIV/AIDS Services in Prison) 123 A3 Conclusions of ‘The European Peer Support Project phase 3: Risk reduction activities in prison' (Trimbos Institute Utrecht/The Netherlands; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg/germany, January 1998) 126 A4 European Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis in Prison (Milan, May 1999, Launched by the European Network on HIV and Hepatitis Prevention in Prison) 128 A6 Council Of Europe, Committee Of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (98) 71 Of The Committee Of Ministers To Member States Concerning The Ethical And Organisational Aspects Of Health Care In Prison 137 REFERENCES 145 LIST OF EXPERTS INVOLVED 158 USEFUL WEBSITES 164 FEED-BACK FORM 166 3 Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons Acknowledgement This report would not have been possible without the support of many European experts in the field of drug use, infectious diseases and prisons, who have been involved in this study (see chapter ‘list of experts involved’). Thanks also to those who contributed to this report and provided much valuable information: Jan van den Brand, Murdo Bijl, Chloé Carpentier, José Carron, Johannes Feest, Jutta Jacob, Djamel Khodja, Sheila R. McNerney, Carlo Reuland, Harald Spirig, Charlotte Trabut, Franz Trautmann. Finally, thanks to all those who gave their time to participate in this study. 4 Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons Preface The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of 11 decentralised agencies set up by the European Union to carry out specialised technical or scientific work. Established in 1993 and operational since 1995, the Centre’s main goal is to provide ‘objective, reliable and comparable information at a European level concerning drugs and drug addiction and their consequences’. Through the statistical, documentary and technical information it gathers, analyses and disseminates, the EMCDDA provides its audience – whether policy-makers, practitioners in the drugs field or European citizens – with an overall picture of the drug phenomenon in Europe. At its Helsinki meeting in December 1999, the Council of Europe formally adopted the European Union Drugs Strategy (2000–2004). The strategy has been translated into concrete action on the third EU action plan on Drugs. The Plan recommends that the Commission and Member States joint efforts to reduce the crime linked to drugs, notably juvenile and urban delinquency. In this context is recommended to consider the EMCDDA activities into the law and proactive in the EU Member States on the treatment of drug users and drug addicts in the criminal justice system, including following arrest, alternatives to prison, and treatment facilities within the penal system. Margareta Nilson 1 Study on Assistance To Drug Users in Prisons Introduction Prisons are mostly overcrowded1, stressful, hostile, and sometimes violent places, in which individuals coming from lower classes, ethnic and social minorities are overrepresented. Drug users and migrants belong to these groups in particular. Within the chain of law enforcement options that are available, imprisonment is a last resort. generally prisoners learn about crime in prisons and often without realising that they become identified as prisoners and conseQuently recidivism is more the rule than an exception (Farbring 2000). Prison also affects health of the inmates: “Prisons are an area of special concern. We know that in most countries the lower socio-economic strata are over-represented in the prison population. We also know that prison is a very disadvantageous environment for good health: lack of privacy, stress, reduced opportunities for social support, hygiene, overpopulation, which all have a negative impact on health.“ (goos 1997, 20). Consequently the WHO-consensus paper on „Mental Health Promotion in Prisons‘ is stating: „The WHO (Regional Office for Europe) Health in Prisons Project, aware that, in the absence of positive counter-measures, deprivation of freedom is intrinsically bad for mental health, and that imprisonment has the potential to cause significant mental harm ...“ (WHO 1998, 7). In a European study on health problems arising in prison health, three main problem areas were highlighted: substance abuse, mental health and communicable diseases (Tomasevski 1992). These three problem areas are closely interrelated since the mid-eighties. Already in 1988 the WHO (1990) made an analysis of drug use in prison and developed recommendations for managing health problems of drug users in prisons. This basic effort had led in the following decade to a number of international co- operation and exchange of information and experiences in tackling drug users’ health problems in prisons. Not only in European countries the number of prisoners has dramatically increased over the two last decades. Several factors contribute to that trend, like social developments of poverty, migration, violence and the politically accepted concept of incarceration and last but not least the widespread repressive legislation against drugs in the context of an increasing consumption. Today, more than 8 million people are held in penal institutions throughout the world – more than half in just three countries; China and Russia each have over one million prisoners and The United States has over two million prisoners. The situation of drug use is reflected in these custodial settings: As outside drugs are used especially by deprived people in the prisons. The drug free prison is an illusion. Nowadays, daily prison routine is dictated by drug-dependent inmates. The Ministries of Justice and Public Health even go as far as making the assumption that the drug problem rocks the foundations of the penal rehabilitation system. Some comments are going as far as stating that the prison is ”totally dominated by a drugs culture embodied in prisoners‘ attitudes, values and behaviours” (O’Mahony 1997a, 42). Drugs are seen as one of the main problems of the current prison system in Europe and other states on the world. A study released in July 2000 by the Justice Policy Institute (JPI) reports that the United States has 458,000 of its citizens incarcerated on non-violent drug charges. This number of drug offenders that the U.S. imprisons is 100,000 more than the entire prison population of the European Union (356,000 incarcerated for all crimes combined), even though the EU has 100 million more citizens than the United States (JPI 2000). The high costs of incarceration are of great importance as well: The study reveals that a Quarter of the amount Americans spend on prisons and jails in the year 2000 will be used to incarcerate non-violent drug offenders ($9.4 billion).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slave Labor Class I
    In Re HOLOCAUST VICTIM ASSETS LITIGATION (Swiss Banks) SPECIAL MASTER’S PROPOSAL, September 11, 2000 SLAVE LABOR CLASS I I. INTRODUCTION Otto Count Lambsdorff, who represented the German government in the recently concluded negotiations that led to the July 17, 2000 establishment of the German Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and the Future” (the “German Fund”) and its forthcoming payments to slave and forced laborers, remarked that “there was hardly a German company that did not use slave and forced labor during World War II.”1 The German Bundestag, in its preamble to the statute, clearly acknowledged that “the National Socialist State inflicted severe injustice on slave laborers and forced laborers, through deportation, internment, exploitation which in some cases extended to destruction through labor, and … that German enterprises which participated in the National Socialist injustice bear a historic responsibility and must accept it.”2 The Settlement Agreement, by including Slave Labor Class I, is designed to provide compensation to certain persons who were forced to perform slave labor during the Third Reich. According to the Settlement Agreement, Slave Labor Class I consists of “Victims or Targets of Nazi Persecution who actually or allegedly performed Slave Labor for companies or entities that actually or allegedly deposited the revenues or proceeds of that labor with, or transacted such revenues or proceeds through, Releasees, and their heirs, executors, 1 Cited in testimony of Deputy Treasury Secretary Stuart E. Eizenstat before the House Banking Committee on Holocaust Related Issues, September 14, 1999 at 6, available at http://www.house.gov/banking/914/99see.htm. 2 Preamble to Law on the Creation of a Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” (“Gesetz Zur Errichtung Einer Stiftung ‘Errinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft’”), July 17, 2000, informal translation prepared by the United States Embassy in Berlin, available at http://www.usembassy.de/dossiers/holocaust.
    [Show full text]
  • Rehabilitation in Prison German Experiences and What Can Be Done Better
    REHABILITATION IN PRISON GERMAN EXPERIENCES AND WHAT CAN BE DONE BETTER HELMUT KURY* ABSTRACT The last years, especially on the background of the high immigration rate of refugees from northern Africa and an increasing fear of crime and insecurity in society the punitiveness increased, not only in Germany. Against sexual and violent offenders more serious penal codes were adopted. The imprisonment rate in Germany is in a middle range of Western European countries. The number of registered crimes is relatively stable since mid-1990s. Only in the last years there is an increasing crime rate in some parts. Prison sentences are not only the most severe but also expensive penalties and are discussed in criminology very controversial. In Germany there are rehabilitation programs in prisons and special social therapeutic prisons; while the effects of the treatment are controversial, evaluations show a positive effect on crime prevention. The last years, from 2014 onwards, especially Germany showed a high immigration rate of refugees and asylum seekers, creating a problem of housing, education and integration in society of these people. There are fears of an increasing rate of terrorism in the country, and the question if Islam can be included in western Christian societies is more and more discussed. This very controversial discussion had effects also on the political structure, a right wing party was established and has meanwhile a position in the Parliament. There is the last year a continuing discussion about Alternatives to Imprisonment, like Restorative Justice and Mediation, used mostly in cases of juvenile offenders. Keywords: rehabilitation, social therapy, imprisonment, foreign prisoners, evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monitoring of Prisons in German Law and Practice
    The monitoring of prisons in German law and practice Frieder Dünkel & Christine Morgenstern Crime, Law and Social Change An Interdisciplinary Journal ISSN 0925-4994 Volume 70 Number 1 Crime Law Soc Change (2018) 70:93-112 DOI 10.1007/s10611-017-9721-3 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Crime Law Soc Change (2018) 70:93–112 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9721-3 The monitoring of prisons in German law and practice Frieder Dünkel1 & Christine Morgenstern1 Published online: 28 February 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018 Introduction Monitoring of prisons is a multifaceted issue. On the one hand it means the internal control of prisons by the prison administration (Ministries of Justice), on the other hand the external control by independent agencies or – and this is one of the most important and influential forms – the individual complaints procedures of prisoners (see II.2.-4.).
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of Prison-Prisoner Data Using Cluster-Sample Econometrics: Prison Conditions and Prisoners’ Assessments of the Future
    IZA DP No. 10109 The Analysis of Prison-Prisoner Data Using Cluster-Sample Econometrics: Prison Conditions and Prisoners’ Assessments of the Future Horst Entorf Liliya Sattarova September 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor The Analysis of Prison-Prisoner Data Using Cluster-Sample Econometrics: Prison Conditions and Prisoners’ Assessments of the Future Horst Entorf Goethe University Frankfurt and IZA Liliya Sattarova Goethe University Frankfurt Discussion Paper No. 10109 September 2016 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremist Offender Management in Europe: Country Reports ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Project Could Not Have Been Undertaken Without the Kind and Very Generous Support From
    Extremist Offender Management in Europe: Country Reports ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project could not have been undertaken without the kind and very generous support from: • National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism (NCTV), the Netherlands • Ministry of Justice, Sweden In particular, we wish to thank Hans van Miert (NCTV) and Elisabet Modée (Ministry of Justice) for their help and support with this project. The views in these country papers do not necessarily reflect the opinions of any of the above sponsors. CONTACT DETAILS For questions, queries and additional copies of this report, please contact: ICSR King’s College London Strand London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom T. +44 20 7848 2098 E. [email protected] Twitter: @icsr_centre Like all other ICSR publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the ICSR website at www.icsr.info. © ICSR 2020 Extremist Offender Management in Europe: Country Reports Foreword he ten country papers in this volume are part of a project which has investigated policies and approaches towards extremist Tprisoners across Europe. They formed the empirical basis for our report, Prisons and Terrorism: Extremist Offender Management in 10 European Countries (London: ICSR, 2020), which was published in July 2020 and is available from www.icsr.info. Our aim was to identify trade-offs and dilemmas but also principles and best practices that may help governments and policymakers spot new ideas and avoid costly and counterproductive mistakes. In doing so, we commissioned local experts to write papers on the situation in their respective countries. To make sure that findings from the different case studies could be compared, each author was asked to address the same topics and questions (Appendix I), drawing on government statistics, reports, interviews with various stakeholders, and their own, previously published research.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Is America So Punitive?
    Why is America So Punitive? A Report on the Deliberations of The Interdisciplinary Roundtable on Punitiveness in America Held at John Jay College of Criminal Justice April 2-3, 2015 Authors: Bettina Muenster and Jennifer Trone March 2016 Supported By: Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation which has a long history supporting research that leads to social change. In this instance, the Foundation hoped that a cross-pollination of perspectives could unpack the phenomenon of punitiveness in the operations of the American criminal justice system and, more importantly, illuminate the path forward to a more humane and effective response to crime. The Roundtable thus joins a larger portfolio of research and programmatic initiatives at MacArthur that are designed to find ways to reduce America’s reliance on incarceration while promoting public safety and justice. About Us The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supports creative people, effective institutions, and influential networks building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world. MacArthur is placing a few big bets that truly significant progress is possible on some of the world’s most pressing social challenges, including over-incarceration, global climate change, nuclear risk, and significantly increasing capital for the social sector. In addition to the MacArthur Fellows Program, the Foundation continues its historic commitments to the role of journalism in a responsible and responsive democracy; the strength and vitality of our headquarters city, Chicago; and generating new knowledge about critical issues. MacArthur is one of the nation's largest independent foundations.
    [Show full text]
  • Offering HCV Treatment to Prisoners Is an Important Opportunity: Key Principles Based on Policy and Practice Assessment in Europe H
    Stöver et al. BMC Public Health (2019) 19:30 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6357-x RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Offering HCV treatment to prisoners is an important opportunity: key principles based on policy and practice assessment in Europe H. Stöver1*, F. Meroueh2, A. Marco3, K. Keppler4, P. Saiz de la Hoya5, R. Littlewood6, N. Wright7, F. Nava8, F. Alam9, S. Walcher10 and L. Somaini11 Abstract Background: Prisoners have a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but may find it difficult to access healthcare services. This may be related to risk behaviour including history of injecting drugs and marginalisation related to problem drug use/ opioid use disorder (OUD). Direct-acting antiviral products with superior efficacy and safety compared to interferon-based regimens offer HCV cure. Many citizens in Europe have been treated, although few received therapy in prisons. Methods: Analysis of prisoner HCV treatment need and policy determinants of clinical practice was completed for 5 EU countries. Evidence was collected from national statistical sources and peer-reviewed publications to describe prison populations and HCV prevalence, to map national prison/ HCV health policy or guidance. A consensus of important principles for prisoner HCV care was developed. Results: Data from published sources describing prisoner HCV prevalence is limited. Prisoner population requiring HCV treatment is not known; estimated numbers based on analysis of evidence: England and Wales, 9000, France, 8000, Spain, 6000, Italy, 6000, Germany, 6000. Treatment access: national law defines right to equivalent care in all countries implying access to HCV therapy in prison similar to community; useful prisoner HCV guidance facilitating treatment decisions present in: 4 of 5 national/ regional HCV policy documents, 4 of 5 national prison healthcare policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing the Use of Imprisonment
    1`W[W\OZ 8cabWQS /ZZWO\QS @S^]`bT]`bVS1`W[W\OZ8cabWQS/ZZWO\QS @SRcQW\U bVScaS]T W[^`Wa]\[S\b EVObQO\eSZSO`\T`][3c`]^S- 0g@]P/ZZS\ ;Og This paper is published by the Criminal Justice Alliance. However, the views contained in the paper are those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Criminal Justice Alliance or its member organisations. /P]cbbVSOcbV]` Rob Allen is an independent researcher and co-founder of Justice and Prisons (http://justiceandprisons.org). Rob was director of the International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS) at King’s College London from 2005 until 2010 and was a member of the Youth Justice Board from 1998 to 2006. He has written widely on youth and criminal justice, including From Punishment to Problem Solving in 2006, Justice Reinvestment - A New Approach to Crime and Justice in 2007 and Last Resort – Exploring the Reduction in Child Imprisonment in 2011. /P]cbbVS1`W[W\OZ8cabWQS/ZZWO\QS The Criminal Justice Alliance is a coalition of 67 organisations – including campaigning charities, voluntary sector service providers, research institutions, staff associations and trade unions – involved in policy and practice across the criminal justice system. The work of the Criminal Justice Alliance is led by its Director, Vicki Helyar-Cardwell. For more information on the Criminal Justice Alliance and our work visit: www.criminaljusticealliance.org Criminal Justice Alliance Park Place, 10-12 Lawn Lane, London "#8 1$% Telephone 020 7091 1298 Email [email protected] Registered charity number: 1143038 The Criminal Justice Alliance is extremely grateful to our funders, the Barrow Cadbury Trust, the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, the Trust for London and the Tudor Trust, for their support.
    [Show full text]
  • Needle Exchange Programmes in Two German Prisons
    International Journal of Drug Policy 11 (2000) 325–335 www.elsevier.com/locate/drugpo The transfer of harm-reduction strategies into prisons: needle exchange programmes in two German prisons Jutta Jacob, Heino Sto¨ver * Carl 6on Ossietzky Uni6ersity, Faculty of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 2503, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany Received 1 September 1999; received in revised form 12 January 2000; accepted 16 March 2000 Abstract In Autumn 1995, the Minister of Justice of Lower Saxony (a northern state of Germany) gave the green light for the implementation of a 2-year pilot project. This project provided for the distribution of sterile injection equipment and provision of communicative methods of prevention to drug addicted inmates in a women’s prison with 170 inmates (Vechta) and a men’s prison with 230 inmates (Lingen). The decision to go ahead with the project was based on positive experiences in Swiss prisons and the supporting recommendations of a panel of experts. The pilot project in Vechta started on 15 April 1996, using five dispensing machines which allow a needle exchange to guarantee an anonymous access. The project in the men’s prison started on 15 July 1996. Here the staff of the drug counselling service and of the health care unit hand out sterile syringes to inmates. The social scientific evaluation was carried out by the Carl von Ossietzky University in Oldenburg. The study focused on the aim of the project which is to assess the feasibility, usefulness and efficacy of the measures undertaken. Of special interest was whether and how changes occured in the prison system itself (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Detention in Germany
    Immigration Detention in Germany Global Detention Project October 2014 The Global Detention Project (GDP) is a non-profit research centre based in Geneva, Switzerland, that investigates the use of detention in response to global migration. The GDP’s aims include: (1) providing researchers, advocates, and journalists with a measurable and regularly updated baseline for analysing the growth and evolution of detention practices and policies; (2) facilitating accountability and transparency in the treatment of detainees; and (3) encouraging scholarship in this field of immigration and refugee studies. “Immigration Detention in Germany” By Izabella Majcher and Michael Flynn October 2014 Global Detention Project Geneva, Switzerland http://www.globaldetentionproject.org/ Phone: +41 (0) 22 548 14 01 Email: [email protected] Global Detention Project ≤ 2014 1 Immigration Detention in Germany October 2014 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 Detention Policy ............................................................................................................... 5 Detention Infrastructure ................................................................................................. 14 Facts & Figures ............................................................................................................. 21 List of Detention Sites ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Female Inmates in Germany
    Female inmates in Germany Inmates 100% 90% 80% 70% Male: 59.619 Female: 3.698 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Inmates (Germany) 31/08/2013, Federal Statistical Office Female inmates (federal states) Baden-Württemberg: 391 Bavaria: 885 Berlin: 187 Brandenburg: 105 Bremen: 27 Hamburg: 71 Hesse: 310 Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 37 Lower Saxony: 247 North Rhine-Westphalia: 906 Rhineland-Palatinate: 194 Saarland: 0 Saxony: 273 Saxony-Anhalt: 17 Schleswig-Holstein: 41 Thuringia: 7 31/08/2013, Federal Statistical Office Female inmates: housing 2500 2311 2000 1500 1387 1000 500 0 Single housing Shared housing 31/08/2013, Federal Statistical Office Female inmates: Type of prison 3000 2755 2500 2000 1500 1000 687 500 180 74 2 0 imprisonment on prison sentence juvenile prison preventive custody other types of remand sentence imprisonment 31/08/2013, Federal Statistical Office Female inmates: Type of prison sentences 3500 3255 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 443 0 open prison closed prison 31/08/2013, Federal Statistical Office Female inmates: Terms of imprisonment 1400 1.200 1200 1000 886 800 669 600 400 200 0 Less than 6 months 6 months to 1 year More than 1 year 31/08/2013, Federal Statistical Office Female prisons in Germany Female prison Vechta, Lower Saxony Female Prison Berlin Female Prison Willich, North Rhine-Westphalia Female Prison Frankfurt/Main III, Hesse Female Prison Aichach, Bavaria JVA Schwäbisch-Gmünd, Baden-Württemberg Stand 06/2007 Prisons with departments for mothers with children: JVA Lübeck (Schleswig-Holstein) JVA Vechta (Lower
    [Show full text]
  • Women in German Prisons
    Women in German Prisons ! Women&in&German&Prisons&! ! ! Marika!Flömer! ! Translated:!Ezgi!Duman! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! This research, has been carried out by Marika Flömer during the internship at “Advocacy for the People in the Penal System” project funded by European Union Delegation of Turkey and Open Society Foundation, conducted by Civil Society in the Penal System (CİSST) and translated to Turkish by CISST member Ezgi Duman. The context of the study does not reflect official opinions of EU, Open society foundation or CISST. These institutions take no responsibility of the study. We are grateful for our donors to their support Women in German Prisons& The following paper will focus on the current situation of female prisoners in Germany. First, a general introduction will be given. Afterwards, it will address the living conditions of imprisoned women, about their health problems, (drug) addictions and about governmental programs specially originated for female prisoners. In the end, it will be discussed what is good about Germany panel system and where there are still improvements to make. Statistics of the German Federal Agency ascertained on 31st of May 2015 that 3105 women were imprisoned, which makes 4% of the total amount of prisoners in Germany. The average age of female prisoners is 33 years. Current law claims that women and men must be accommodated separated from each other – but since there are not that many female prisons in Germany, it is hard to ensure this law. Mostly, female prisoners are accommodated in separate buildings of the male prison. Moreover, law claims that it is not allowed to let female prisoners being alone with male staff to avoid abuse.
    [Show full text]