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Mordenite Deposits and Zeolite Zonation in Ti-Ie I-Iorn Mountains Area

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Mordenite Deposits and Zeolite Zonation in Ti-Ie I-Iorn Mountains Area MORDENITE DEPOSITS AND ZEOLITE ZONATION IN TI-IE I-IORN MOUNTAINS AREA. SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA Occurrence ol'morrlenite, /~e~ilandite,und 1aun.lontite lbr-nzecl by burial nzetar71orptzisn1 of'tnurine ~~itrictu/]s. T11e esterlsioc mortlenitc drposils nzay lzuvc f~c.onomic1niporlat1c.e. STATE OF ALASKA Jay S. IIamrnond, C;ovc~t.~lor. (;LI~ 11. hIartin, C'o~tl~~~issiot~c'r,I)rp(. (I/' :Vulut.cll ll'cso~r~.cc~s Itoss (:. Schat't', Slalc Gcologisl CONTENTS .\l)stt-:Ic.t. ........................................................... Illt rotluclio~i..................................................... P~1rl)Osc............................................................. '\cl<llowlt~~lg1~l11~~11I............................................ B;~ck~ro~~tltl........................................................ c I7 his st~ldy........................................................... Lor;~tion01' aro;~.................................................. (:cancsr;il ~cv)lo~yoI' ;rrt,:~ ...................................... S:lnll)lillg.. ..................................... -. .................. M;illl)ing ............................................................... I,;~l)or;llorys[.~l(lic-s ............................................. MORDENITE DEPOSITS AND ZEOLITE ZQNATION IN THE HORN MOUNTAINS AREA, SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA photomicrograph ;~ndllis h(~lpfultlisc-nssions duritlg the‘ cc:llrsr of this work. hIy thanks art, also txstrntit~dto M.S. Extc.nsivc5 mortlcnit.ci-rich I~~l'l'soc.c~c~.ring wit11 t11(~ Itoh~riso~~for proparalio~l of thin soclions. Fillally, I 'I'alhe,ctn;~ I'ormution in lh(, Horn hIount;~ins;irt>;c 01' ~vish lo thank Irly so~ls.Mikc a~idHill II:~wkins, \rrho south-central Alaska ;irtS ol' cornn~c,rcial gr:itlcs. '1'111. stln~rdas my I'icbld i~ssist~~~lts. 1)rolwrties ol' tlir ~nortlrnitr~with rc.gurtl to cornnicrc.i;~l rccl~~irc,~ncntsnc~cltl I'urlh(>r st.~icly. l'hc zc~olitc~sin thcb arcs;1 wcBrc*l'orn~t,tl 1)) I)i~riiil tliagc~nc~sis;lntl rcx~ion:~l nic~t.;unorphism ol' lav:t ant1 Tllv zcolitcs ~ni~lcbr;~lsarc, of intt'rc,sl as important volcanic elc~lritustlcspositc~cl in a r~ugt~osynclin:rltrou~h. i~lcll~strial~nincbrals of' us(> ill a varic>l>. of fit,lcls. 'l'llc3 IIculandil(~:tntl I;~~~montitc~zonc%s suggcxst Illat. tll(' scltl- minc,relogical, c~homic~al,and inrluslrial propc,rtirls of thc irncnts wc>rc1sul),i~~ctc~d to :I tnaxiln~1111t(xnll)(bri~turcb ncl;lr %OO°C at watc,r I)rclssurc.s I'rom 0.5 to :i kilol)ars, wliic*h zc,olitcxs wrlro t)ric~fl~\.cl(~scribrcl hy Ilawkins (1973) 2nd corrc,spontls to I~uriuldcptlis ol' I to 10 hilomr~tc~rs. more r(bcc,~ltlyill two dr~tnilcclgct~c,ral rcvicw artic~ltxson Thcl occurrcLncc, of mortlc~nit.c~will~in tho li~~ill:~ntlitc~ thc usr and ~)rol~~~rtic~sof' ~c~olit(,s: hlu~npton ( 1973) and zonch is prol)al)ly tlucl lo lli(s I'ino-gr;~inc~tl11:1turc, 01' 11118 AIunson an:! Shtlppiirtl (197.1). 'l'liosc1 articl(~sshould br parent t.ul'fs, which c:ausc~d a high(.r silica ;tctivity th;~n co~~sult(~clI)!, t111:scb it~l(~rt~stotlill an ovcrvicw of' the‘ rlsewh(,rc in this /.o~ic,,Lht~rot)y 1)rotlucing ~mortic~tiitr. utility :uld (lc~onoi~iicv:~lut' of zc'olitc~s. i\nalcimc>, which occurs locally within the, mord(~nitc~ zoncb, may 1i:ivc~ I)c~clnSortn(,cl from t~iorclvnit(~01- I~(SII- lantlite lul'l's by the action 01' solictic,n:, IIi:tt wcsr1>marc, alkaline, Locally than c~lst~whcrc~in t.11c. /.oII(~. 'I'hcs l'ic.l(l I.cast I)y (:ull':c~ ulitl ot.ht.rs ( 1'17:;) giv(*h rtt- li;rI)l(. rcsults and sl~oultlI'incl uscx in zc.olit(1 ~)rohl)tscting. 'I'h(1 art,:t st~~tlic~ti(pl. 1) is localotl ul,out 12 ~nilcls INTRODUCTION north of' 'l'ahnc>t.ii Pass 1,otlgt~at mil? 12.1 of lhc5 (;lomi ilighway. 'l'l~cb arcs;l is ac~c~rssihlc~11y c~itht~roff-thcl-road PLJKPOSLC vc~liiclc3s,via roads to nclarby placc'r mincs; or hy float- c~quippc~tlfiscad-\ving airc*raft, \vhic41 can 1;wcI at So~~th 'l'htl primary purpost, of tllis stutly wah to invcstigat~' 1,akc on thc S~LI~~ICL~II~stro~iiiL>~ of tllc, stud) arc?I. thr ~nordcnitcdtlposits of tllc, IIorn hlount;~irls artha, upper Malanuska Valley, Alaska. A suhorcli~latopur- pose was lo preparc' a rcco~lllaissa~~ccgcbologic Inap of the arca sl~owi~lgthe geologic srtti~lgof tlic ~nord(b~~ittx 'I'hr sti~dyc.onsistvd of' invcbstigatit~gtht, zcolitization deposits. A final purposcl was to samplr otl1c.r arclas in of th(> lowor Juri~ssic'I'alkt~c>t~la formation in thcs IIorn lhr vicinity of lhcl study arra in stlarch of otllcr zcwlitcs hIounlai11s. 12s showll by (irantz (1965), splay faults drposits. This study is a conli~l~tatio~lof thi~l rr,portcld associaltld with thv Caribou l:ai~lt have‘ isolatcd ant1 previously (Hawkins, 1973). cssposcld a triangular sclction ol' thv 'I'nlkt~c~tn:~formation ill tiit> IIorn hlounl.ai~~sarc.:i. l'hc Talkcrtna forlnatioll in this arcLac,onsists lnainly of thick ~111itsof pyrocl;istic S;III~S~OIIOS,siltsto11(~, i111d I would likv to thank I).C. llarlman. 'I'.k:. Smith, ~untl claystono (co:rrsc, a11d fill(, watcr-laitl tuffs); a~idr~sitic N.C. Vtlach of ll~rAlaska Stat(%1)ivisioll of (;c5ologic;ll ;111d basaltic 1ava.c art3 also prc~sc~nt(pl. 2). Altho~~ghtllr and Grophysical Survrys for funding, logistic.al, iuitl formation is mostly marincl, ilo marinc, fossils wc3rc' zunaly tical support of this study. I also wish lo tl~a~~kIny found. LVood fragmt,~itsand casts wcro ol,st~rvotlill sointl coll(~aguc~,1)onaltl (:r?;brck, for his assii;tanc.c~ \r.illl LIII~~S.'rhv 'l':~lk~(<t~li~I'or~lli~tiotl as :I ~llol(~stxcsms to I)(' t>,pical of a c~i~gcosy~lc~lin:iId('posit. SPECIAL REPORT 9 locating and mapping tliis u~iit.The tuff, which supports little or no vrgclalion, forms an easily visible wliilr cap 'I'lle primary purposti of thc1 study was to detcrminrl on the ro~undvdhills at thr hratl of Albert Crrvk. In the extent and grade of 111(' mordrl~iitt>deposit in thc outcrop, tho tuft' co~lsislsof flat or partly c*onchoiclal area. To this end, fist-sized samples wrrr collrctc~clfrom fragmctits about 5 cm it1 tliamolt~r. IJnit ,Jlk-2 appears the numerous outcrops of tuffs, tuff:rcc~ous lvackes, and to br discontin~~ouslydistribut.rd \vithin map unit Jtk-3. lavas in the area. Plates 1 iuid 2 show thc localities Carcful srarcli rrvt,alcd no rxposurcs of tliis unit ~iortll- from which samples wrrt collectt>d. cast of the fllbert Crrrk cXxposures.IIowever. thc unit may rxtthnd to thr southwest side of Alfred Crrck, wllert> sample localitic,~79 :uicl 83 may be part ol' it. Morc tlrtailcd mapping is nredt~dhcrr. Because general mapping was of secondary im- Map unit Jtk-l consists mostly of volcmiic sandstones portance, the grologic map ihown in platc 2 is in- and basalt atid ;undvsilc flows. 'I'uffs are prrst~ntbut arts complete. Salient feat~~resof tht' map arc bast~don not as abutidiunt as in othor units. IJnit Jtk-1 forms tht) Grat~tz (1965)---particularly thc contact bc~lwc~c~nthc cliffs and the summits of tticb mounlai~lsat th(, hc,ad of Talkretna formation and thc 'I'~~xcdniformation, ;uid Alfrc,d and Albt.rt Cr(1t.k~. 'I'hr unit is c~stensivt~ly the faults ((lither mapped or infrrrcd): this rcport also zeolitizrd, iuicl contains abundant veins of chalky-wliitcx contains details of (J~1ater11at-ydcposits ~iotshown in lai~montitt,and largr~ 2- to 3.~111 vug fillings of pink plate 2. Mapping of the units within thtl 'Salk('clna Ilc~ul:uiditc~.ilt the head of Alfred Creek basil1 is a formation was done as part of tht, study. 'Sllr, map 25-foot-thic*k layer of 11iortlt~nilt~-richtuff; altho~lgh units shown in plate 2 arr based on hand-spccimr~i mapped as brlonging Lo 111iit Jtk-1, this tuff has brt>n properties and topographic c,xprr,ssion of thc units. dtsignated Jtk-2 LO draw attts~ltion to its ~norctenitc Map unit Jlk-5, lhc casternmost unit. consists mainly t~nriclimtxnt. of volcanic sandstont, (with some tuffs), and basalt and Zcolitv zonation (tliscussc~don p. 6) indicates that alidesite flows. Thr unit ii ~nodcratrlyallrrcd lo clay nit Jtk-l was tho most drrply buricd unit and is mirierals. Zcoliti~alion is not pronounced, although stratigrirphically t.h(> lowchsl unit of thosc mapped. Unit Jtk-5 is consid(~rc~dlo bc. the uppermost unit. 'rhis in- sands1onc.s. Unit Jtk-5 forms a st)rics of low, t~orthr~ast- forencr is supporter1 by lhc gelir.ral 20-degree south- trending ridges at thtx mo~~tllsof Albr,rt and North r~irstt~rlydip of Lhc litl~ologicutiits mapped. Creeks. l:i~ially, tllrl contact botwecln thc 'I'alkc~clna formation Map unit Jtk-4 is cl~aracterized b>, pu~i~ic~t~ousi~tltl utiits mapped I~c,rc ancl thcb 'I'~~srdniformalioli mapped vitric* tuffs with suborditlatc tuffaceo~~swackcs, t~nsalt, I)y (irantz (1965) was not dclerminrd in the prcssrnt and andesite flows. Zeolitization is morc tlxlcnsivr than st.~~tly.Conscquc'ntly, tho area in platc 2 bctwerti tho in unit Jtk-5, with h~~ulaliclilcvoid filli~lgsanti vcinlc.1~ norlllc~astc~rlylimits of tliis study and tllc 'l'~~scd~ii especially common in exposures of coarser lithologies formatio~lcontact of Ciralltz has brcn Irlfl blank. in tllc upper parts of Albert and North Creeks.
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  • 100 XI.-On Mordenite, a New Mineral from the Trap of Nova Scotia. By
    100 HOW ON MORDENITE. XI.-On Mordenite, a New Mineral from the Trap of Nova Scotia. By PROF.IIow, D.C.L., University of King’s College, Windsor, N .S. THEfirst known investigators of the mineralogy of Nova Scotia, Jackson and Alger, and Geener, passing under the trap cliffs of the bay of Fundy, obtained such rich harvests of fine specimens of zeolitic aiid quartz minerals, that many a follower has trodden Ann. Ch. Pharm. xcv., 12. + Ibid, p. 17. $ Ibid, p. 17. HOW ON XORDENLTE. 101 in their footsteps in hopes of like success. Whatever the relative good fortune in these cases, there is no doubt that year after year large quantities of beautiful objects have long been and are still carried away, to the enrichment of cabinets in different parts of the world. Beauty has been, no doubt, the desirable thing on most occasions, so that the chief attention of collectors has been given to such minerals (besides the quartz species) as stilbite, heulsndite, analcime, apophyllite, and chabazite (especially in its often exquisitely red and pink- tinted variety, acadiolite, peculiar to this region), all of which certainly offer great attractions. Not only are these species attractive, but they present very decided differences in physical characters, so that they can be readily dis- tinguished : whence it results that they have been long known and well described, as compared with another section of the zeolites, the fibrous species, which exhibit far less alluring forms, and re- semble each other rather too closely for the unpractised eye to discern the differences which actually exist among them.
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