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Unclassified ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 Unclassified ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques OLIS : 16-Mar-2000 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Dist. : 17-Mar-2000 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Or. Eng. ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE Unclassified ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 ENVIRONMENT POLICY COMMITTEE Working Party on Environmental Performance OECD SEMINAR SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE PROCEEDINGS Paris, 22-24 September 1999 Or. Eng. 88821 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d’origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 2 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 WORKING PARTY ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE PREPARATION OF SECOND CYCLE OF OECD ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS OECD SEMINAR SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE 22-24 SEPTEMBER 1999 PROCEEDINGS 3 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 4 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 OECD SEMINAR SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE 22-24 SEPTEMBER 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS AGENDA 7 PART I. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 9 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 11 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MR. HARM VAN DER WAL and MR. KLAAS JAN MONING 15 PART II. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE 25 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE UNITED STATES MR. BARRY E. HILL 27 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ INTERESTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN AUSTRALIA MR. PHILLIP TOYNE 35 ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE IN THE UNITED STATES: REALITIES & MYTHS MR. JAMES P. LESTER and MR. DAVID W. ALLEN 43 PART III. URBAN POVERTY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 55 URBAN POVERTY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE UK MS. JUDITH LITTLEWOOD 57 URBAN POVERTY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN BELGIUM MR. JEAN-MAURICE FRÈRE 63 ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND EDUCATION IN GERMANY MR. FRITZ REUSSWIG 71 PART IV. RURAL POVERTY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 79 RURAL POVERTY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN HUNGARY MR. MIKLÓS BULLA and MR. ISTVÁN POMÁZI 81 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE IN MEXICO MR. CARLOS TOLEDO and MR. XÓCHITL RAMÍREZ 89 RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY MS. IDIL ESER 97 PART V. ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES 105 IMPLEMENTING THE RIGHT TO DRINKING WATER IN OECD COUNTRIES MR. HENRI SMETS 107 ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS AND EMPLOYMENT - THE FRENCH EXPERIENCE MR. PHILIPPE TEMPLÉ 149 PART VI. EMPLOYMENT AND ENVIRONMENT 165 TRADE UNIONS AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE, presented by M. LUCIEN ROYER 167 PARTICIPANTS LIST 173 5 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 6 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 OECD SEMINAR* SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE 22-24 SEPTEMBER 1999 AGENDA Chairman: Mr. James Morant (United States) 1. Setting the Scene a) Opening statement Ms. J. Waller-Hunter (OECD) b) OECD environmental performance reviews Mr. C. Avérous (OECD) c) Integration of social policies and environmental policies Mr. H. Van der Wal (Netherlands) d) Discussion 2. Disadvantaged groups and the environment a) OECD experience Mr. H. Smets (OECD) b) National experience: environmental justice Mr. B. Hill (United States) Mr. J. Lester (United States) c) Discussion d) National experience: urban poverty and the environment Mr. J. Konvitz (OECD) Ms. J. Littlewood (UK) Mr. J.M. Frère (Belgium) Mr. F. Reusswig (Germany) e) National experience: rural poverty and the environment Mr. P. Toyne (Australia) Mr. M. Bulla (Hungary Mr. C. Toledo (Mexico) Ms. I. Eser (Turkey) f) Discussion 3. Employment and environment a) OECD experience Mr. J.P. Barde (OECD) b) National experience Mr. K. Tietmann (Germany) Mr. M. Aviam (France) c) Trade union viewpoint Mr. L. Royer (TUAC) d) Discussion 4. Concluding session a) Treatment of social/environment issues in second cycle of reviews (demography, health, employment, poverty, democracy, education) b) Methodology for assessing the social and environmental Mr. A. Ross (OECD) interface: frameworks c) Methodology for assessing the social and environmental Ms. J. Fletcher (OECD) interface: indicators d) Discussion e) Closing statements __________ * Seminar supported by grant of the European Commission. 7 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 8 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 3 $ 5 7 , ( 1 9 , 5 2 1 0 ( 1 7 $ / $ 1 ' 6 2 & , $ / ' , 0 ( 1 6 , 2 1 6 2 ) 6 8 6 7 $ , 1 $ % / ( ' ( 9 ( / 2 3 0 ( 1 7 9 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 10 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 INTRODUCTORY NOTE Background In November 1998, the Environment Policy Committee examined the report entitled “Environmental Performance Reviews: Second Cycle Work Plan” [ENV/EPOC(98)21], which laid out the main orientations for carrying out the Second Cycle of Environmental Performance Reviews at the OECD, and outlined a work plan for these activities. On the background of The Shared Goals adopted by Environment Ministers at the EPOC meeting in April 1998 and the OECD Sustainable Development Initiative, the EPOC stressed the need to focus on the environmental dimension of sustainable development and its links with the economic and social dimensions. It was foreseen that more specific methodological work to prepare the second cycle would proceed over 1999, including work on “the link between the environment and the social aspects of sustainable development”. It was also made clear that the treatment of the environment/social interface should include the following aspects: demographic aspects, health and environment, employment and environment, distributional aspects (“environmental justice”), access to environmental information and public participation, as well as environmental education and training. The OECD Seminar on the Social Environment Interface Following an internal seminar with participation of staff from various OECD Directorates (ENV, ECO, DELSA, TDS), the Environment Directorate organised an OECD Seminar on the Social Environment Interface, on September 22-24, 1999. It was supported by the European Commission and brought together about 40 experts from a range of Member countries. National experiences as well as case study evidence was presented and discussed with the aim to identify relevant issues and practical approaches for better achieving sustainable development objectives. The main themes addressed by the seminar were: environmental justice, environmental implications of poverty both in urban and rural settings, access to natural resources, as well as links between employment and the environment. In addition, several options for the design of conceptual frameworks and indicators were discussed. The Seminar also provided an opportunity for exchanging views among experts with different backgrounds and experiences. Figure 1 Three Dimensions of Sustainable Development -- and the relevant interfaces for EPR -- ENV Environmental - Environmental - Economic Social Interface Interface ECO SOC 11 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 Figure 2 The Environmental - Social Links -- relevant for EPR analysis -- Environmental Environmental Policy Conditions Social Social Policy Conditions Seminar main findings The main orientations are as follows: (1) Environmental Performance Reviews should address both the economic and the social dimensions of sustainable development in a systematic and compatible manner, focused on their respective environmental interfaces. (2) With regard to the social environment interface, Environmental Performance Reviews will have to analyse (i) the relevant social conditions shaping environmental quality and policy, and (ii) the social implications of environmental policies. (3) The scope of social issues addressed should not be limited to an analysis of the social wellbeing of individuals but should also embrace social conditions and concerns related to households, communities (e.g. NGOs, trade unions, indigenous populations, minority groups) and territories (e.g. rural or urban areas). (4) The range of social topics covered by Environmental Performance Reviews should include: basic demographic and health aspects, as well as issues of i) employment and environment, ii) environmental justice (urban poverty, rural poverty, access to resources and exposure to risks, distribution of environmental damage and costs), iii) environmental democracy (availability of and access to environmental information, public participation, access to courts) and iv) environmental awareness and education (public perception and behaviour, environmental education and training). (5) Given the diversity of social conditions, traditions and perceptions in Member countries, it is essential to allow for a certain degree of flexibility and to adjust the analyses to the respective country conditions. Here, particular reference should be made to explicit social objectives (aims, goals or targets) as expressed in environmentally relevant legal texts or policy documents (constitutions, laws, regulations, plans, etc.). Concerning the design of EPR reports, it is proposed to continue to treat demographic and health issues throughout the report when and where needed in direct association with environmental issues. A separate “social chapter” would focus in most reviews on the social implications of environmental policies on employment, distributional, democracy and education/awareness issues. Such a chapter would benefit from past and ongoing work within the OECD concerning these four areas. 12 ENV/EPOC/GEP(99)13 Figure 3 Social Issues -- relevant for Environmental Performance Review Demography e.g. population growth, ageing, migration, household size; Health e.g. morbidity, mortality, health risks; Employment eco-industries and env. services, net employment effects, direct and indirect effects; Env. Justice urban poverty, rural poverty, access to resources, exposure to risks, distribution of env. damage and costs;
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