Lanesborough Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
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LLaanneessbboorroouugghh MMuullttii--HHaazzaarrdd MMiittiiggaattiioonn PPllaann Prepared by the Lanesborough Emergency Management Committee with assistance from Berkshire Regional Planning Commission March 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Lanesborough Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update has been made possible with the financial support of a Pre-Disaster Mitigation Competitive Grant (HMGP 4214-06), issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and administered by the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency. The Town of Lanesborough would like to thank the Lanesborough Emergency Management Committee, who served as the Advisory Committee for the plan update, and who oversaw the planning process and completion of the plan update. The Berkshire Regional Planning Commission provided technical assistance to the Emergency Management Committee throughout the planning process. Table of Contents Section 1. Introduction and Background ................................................................. 1 Section 2. Planning Process ..................................................................................... 4 Section 3. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment ............................................................ 9 Section 4. Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................ 98 Section 5. References .......................................................................................... 114 Appendices .......................................................................................................... 115 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Purpose of the Lanesborough Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan A hazard is defined as “an event or physical condition that has the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property damage, infrastructure damage, agricultural loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or the types of harm or loss.” Hazard mitigation is defined as a “sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their effects” (FEMA, date unknown). The Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 mandated that all localities prepare local hazard mitigation plans to be eligible for future FEMA funding from the newly established Pre-disaster Mitigation (PDM) grant program and for the existing post-disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), the latter of which is a mainstay of the FEMA grant programs. This plan is an update of the original Lanesborough Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was approved by MEMA and FEMA in 2008. The geographic scope of this plan involves only the Town of Lanesborough in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, although hazard and disaster plans from the region and neighboring communities were also consulted as part of plan development. The plan is designed to serve as a tool to help town officials identify hazard risks, assess the town’s vulnerability to hazardous conditions, consider measures that can be taken to minimize hazardous conditions, and develop an action plan that can be reasonably be implemented to mitigate the impacts of hazards in the region. This plan should be used in conjunction with the Berkshire County Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Lanesborough Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, the Lanesborough Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness (MVP) Plan and other plans developed by the Town of Lanesborough and the Central Berkshire Regional Emergency Planning Committee. 1.2 Background Lanesborough is located in north-central Berkshire County, Massachusetts and is bordered to north by New Ashford, to the east by Cheshire and Dalton, to the south by Pittsfield and to the west by Hancock. The town is 18,764 acres in size, which is approximately 30 square miles. The landscape of Lanesborough is that of two valleys hemmed in by mountainous terrain, some of which is steeply graded. The Taconic Mountain range dominates the western portion of the town, and features several prominent high points, including Potter Mountain, the Noppet and Constitution Hill. The Hoosac Mountain Range reaches deep into the center of the town and forms the eastern-most boundary. Savage Hill is a prominent high point extending southward from the Mount Greylock complex. The mountains have historically limited development and road systems to the flat land of the valleys (refer to Fig. 1.1. Topographical Map). Berkshire County’s two main north/south arterial roads run through Lanesborough, with Route 7 running through the center of Lanesborough along the Town Brook valley and Route 8 running along the eastern Cheshire Reservoir valley. The Berkshire Mall Connector Road connects the two routes and is the main entrance to the Berkshire Mall, one of two large shopping centers in Berkshire County. Lanesborough is situated at the headwaters of the two major river watersheds in the county: the Housatonic River, which flows southward through Connecticut to Long Island Sound, and the Hoosic River, which flows northward into the Hudson River, which ultimately flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The majority of the town (73%) is located within the Housatonic River watershed. The relatively broad Town 1 Brook valley is characterized by a series of wetlands that run southward and discharge into Pontoosuc Lake. The brook is located to the west of Route 7. The northern portion of Pontoosuc Lake is located in Lanesborough, and here the land along the shore and upgradient is densely developed. The homes here were originally built as summer cottages, but have is recent decades been upgraded to serve as year- round residences. The narrower Hoosic River/Muddy Brook/Cheshire Reservoir valley flows northward east of Route 8. Fig. 1.1. Topographical Map of Lanesborough and Its Surrounds 2 According to 1999 land use data, the town is largely forested (70% land use coverage), with patches of active agricultural fields and pastures (more decent data indicates that the town is 76% forested; see Sec. 3.8. for details). Residential development (8% coverage) has occurred in villages, around the lake and along major roadways. Commercial and industrial development (combined 1% coverage) has historically been located along Routes 7 and 8. Very little development has occurred in Lanesborough since 1999, and what has occurred has been dispersed small-scale residential homes or small businesses. Lanesborough is a bedroom community, with many of its residents commuting to Pittsfield, the commercial center of Berkshire County. The largest employer in Berkshire County is Berkshire Health Systems, while the largest employer in Lanesborough is the Berkshire Mall. Other employers in the town include small businesses, restaurants, and the elementary school. According to the draft Open Space and Recreation Plan Lanesborough had the largest population in Berkshire County in 1791. Today, within the regional context, Lanesborough is a town with a small-to-medium-sized population of 2,970, ranking as the 11th largest out of the 32 municipalities in Berkshire County. According to the American Community Survey 2012-2016 the Town’s population is 2,970, made up of 1,154 households. In general the population of Lanesborough, like the vast majority of Berkshire County, is aging. In 2010 the town’s population of persons age 50 or older was 40-50%, and in 2030 the population of 50+ will be 50-60%. This has several implications for natural hazard and emergency planning. In general the risk factors for the elderly during a natural hazard or disaster are higher due a variety of factors: they are more prone to chronic health disease, have more mobility and cognitive issues, and may be more socially isolated. At the recent MVP workshop residents noted that many elderly residents in the town do not have families that live close by, due to the fact that their children and grandchildren have moved away. They are more vulnerable to severe health impacts due to electricity outages, especially those who have home oxygen or dialysis systems or those who cannot withstand prolonged cold or warm temperatures. Home maintenance and repairs may not be up to date, making their homes more vulnerable to severe storm damages. Communicating with and preparing elderly residents for natural hazards and climate change was cited as the greatest single need in Lanesborough during the MVP workshop. An aging population has additional implications for hazard and emergency planning. Having a smaller pool of adults under 50 makes it harder to recruit and retain volunteers for the fire company or the ambulance squad. It also makes it more difficult for the town to retain full membership of town boards and committees. 3 SECTION 2. PLANNING PROCESS 2.1 Planning Committee The Lanesborough Emergency Management Committee (the Committee), which consists of municipal department heads and representatives from various town boards and committees from several disciplines, serves as the town’s hazard mitigation planning committee. This committee meets quarterly to discuss emergency preparedness issues and is facilitated by the town manager. Outside speakers are often invited to educate committee members on a specific issue or topic, including MEMA staff, first responders from neighboring communities, representatives from gas, electric and communication companies. As a standing town committee was deemed to be the most appropriate to spearhead the update of the town’s hazard mitigation plan. Committee members are listed Table 2.1.1. Table 2.1.1. Lanesborough Emergency Management Committee Name Position William