By Authority Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Document

By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code § 552(a) and Part 1 of the Code of Regulations § 51 the attached document has been duly INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America. HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance. e

Document Name: ANSI O1.1-1961: Safety Code for Woodworking Machinery

CFR Section(s): 29 CFR 1926.304

Date of Action: 44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979

Official Incorporator: THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER WASHINGTON, D.C. o ANSI 01.1·1971 Revision 0' 01.1·1954IR19611

American National Standard Safety Requirements for Woodworking Machinery o

Secretariat American Insurance Association International Association of Governmental L.abor Officials

Approved August 23. 1971 American National Standards Institute. Inc ~ o

0864 American An American National Standard impliu I consensus of those substantially concerned with hi scope Ind provisions. An American NaUonal Standard i1 Intended I •• ,uld' 10 lid the m.nu. National facturer. the consumer. Ind the lener.' public. The e"lltenc. or an American NIUon.1 Stln. d.rd dOl' 1'10\ In In), ttlpt" pt.~hutt Ift)'ltl'ltl wht,ktt hi 1m Il\lnlWlI lhl 1II1\~ ..i itA"" Standard from manuracturing. marketing. purchasing. or using products. proccsses. or procedure. not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic: review and users are cautioned to obtain the Jatesl editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn al any time. The procedures of the American National Standards InstitulI: require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise. or withdraw this standard no laler than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National ':;ldi:'l~!Jtds may r\lefive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

American N'ariona' Srandards- 'r1$firure 1430 BroadwiJY. New York. New York 10018

Copyright C 1912 by American National Standards Institute. Inc All rights reserved,

Nil pall of Ihl~ publ"";&lIon may bo: I~plodll~ed In any ('ulm. In an CIt:L'ltunIL"lctrtcvaI5yslcm 01 othcrwl~. withoul the: prim wrillen pc:rmlssion or the publisher,

Prinled in the United Stales or America

W3M272/4S0

01:165 (Thl, Foreword II nol a pOri of American N.tlonll StlU1dllrd Safely Rl!qulremenl' for WoodwurlclnJ! "tlchln· Foreword ery,OI.I·1971.) .

The revision of Ihe original Safety Code for Woodworking Machinery was approved In 1944. In 1952 the Standards Committee was reorganized, and the scope was changed to exclude the manufacture of structural plywood. and to include a comprehensive revision of the cooperage machinery sectiun and an entirely new section dealing specifically with radi:Jl·typc saws. The resulting standard was issued in 1954. Thc present revision is the result of a thoroughgoing review and upd:Jling of Anlcrican National Standard Safety Codc for Woodworking Machinery, 01.1·1954 (R 1961).

Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome. They ~hould be sent to the American National Standards Institute. 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018. Thc 0 I Committee on Safety Codc for Woodworking Machinery, which reviewed and approved this standard. had the folluwing pcrsonnel at the time or approval:

Ronald A. Nelson. Chairman David Zabriskic. Secretary

OrKoni:o/;nl/ RC'","$"II/"t/ Nome of R",lr"S"/IIo/il'" Al1Il!rh:an SlIdL'ly nl' s.. rL'ly I'IIj!inl'L'r, " ... " .. " ... , ..•...... • Churll!s II. Barhunl t\~Mlcialed ('mlllela)!C Ind\l~lIie~ of t\ml!Iica , .•.•...•.••.•..•...•. , •••.• Charles Wligh I Wilbur l. Cirarr(AItI Amelican hI5ulan':l' l\s~ul'ialiL'" •..... , ...•...•..• , , ..••...•• , ••..•••• Rnnalll A. Neislln lnlluSllial SafelY Flluillineni A~sudillilln •...••• : ••.....••...... •...... Ilarley N. Trice Charles Sum ..... all (All I Intcrnational Associaliull Ill' C;uYelnmcnlal L~l>t1l Oflidals ..••••.•.•...... • Robert DUnll3!!an Georl,'I! WeSl:lIllln (AliI Natiunal Furcst 1'lI\dul'IS I\ss,~i .. lion .••••••.••.••.••.•••••••••••.••••• J. S. Bowman National Safcly (','undl .•••••••• , .••••.•••••.••.••••.••••..•••. , ••• R. C. Chitdle~s JOS4!ph J. P,abnlos I All) Unih:t1 ",olhcrhu,ltI of Call,enten anll Juiners llf Amerka ..••••••••••••••. I'ctcr M. Ita!:!cr Woudwnrkinl! Mal"ilinclY Manul'aclurl'rs Associ"lion .••.••••• , •.•••••••.•. lloyd Quick 1'011 III .. hu I (Alii U.S. \)cparlllll!nlllf LaIIlH. lIur.:au III' L:lhur SI'III1j;ud~ , ••• , ••.••••..••.•.• SHanll'Y J. llalll'llcI IlruL:c 1'. lIillcnbralul (All) I'II ..... Cl TtlollnSlllUll'. lilt' ...•.....•.••••.•.••••....•••...•••. , ••••.. J. L. Sla.:khouSl· J. A. PlOyen (Alii Rock well Manufal"lurin!! (''''"pany . , ..•.•..•...... •...... • , .....•. R. DI!!!hucl'

0866 Contents SECTION' PAGE

1. General ., ...... It • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ... 7 1.1 Scope •••••••.•••.••••••••••••••.•••.••••••.•••.•••••••...••••.••. 7 1.2 Application and Exceptions •• '.' • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • . • • . • . • . . . . . • • • • •. 7 2. Related Standards .•..••.•••••••••••.•• : • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • . . . • ...... • • • . . •. 7 3. Definitions ...... •....•••..••••••.••••.• " •••.•'. . . • • • . • . • ...... • . • .• 7 4. Plant Layout ..•••...... •. . . . • • ...... • ...... • . • . • • • . • . • • • • . . . . • . • • . •• 7 4.1 Machine Layout .••••••••••.•••...•.•.•..•• " ., ••••••.••..•••••••••. 7 4.2 Floors and Aisles .•.••..•.•.•••....••..•.••••.••••••••••••.••••••..• 8 S. Machines and Equipment. • • . • • • • . • • . • • . • . • . . . • . • • • . • . . • . • • • . . . . . • . . • • • . . •. 8 5.1 Machine Construction. Drive. Feed, Speed, and Control ••....•...... •..... 8 6. Woodworking Machinery. . . • . . . • . . . . • • • ...... • • . . . • ...... • • . . .. 9 6.1 Circular. Rip. Crosscut. Resaw. and Swing cUl.orr Saws ..•.•...... •..... 9 6.2 Band Saws and Band Resaws ...... •...... I I 6.3 Jointers and Planers ..•...•...... •...... •..•...... II 6.4 Tenoning Machines ...... •...... 12 6.5 Boring and Mortising Machines ...... •...... •...••.....•..•.. 12 6.6 Wood Shapers and Similar Machines ...•...... ••.... 12 6.7 Planing. Molding. Sticking. and Matching Machines ...... 12 6.8 Pranle and SWing.Head Lathes (Including Wood Heel Turning Machines) ...... 12 6.9 Sanding Machines ..... " ...... •...... IJ 6.10 Combination or Universal Woodworking Machines ...... 13 6.1 I Routers ...... I J 6.12 Glue Spreaders (Feed Roll Type) ...... 13 6.1J Guarding Operating Treadles .... '" ...... " ••...... , 13 6.14 Other Machines Not Excluded ...... ; ...... 13 7. Veneer and Plywood Machinery .•...... •...... •...•...... •...... •.•.. 13 7. I Steaming Equipment and Soaking Pits ...... •...... •.... 13 7.2 Log Handling Equipment ..••.•..•••.•...•..••••••••••....•....•...... 14 7.3 Saws ....•...... •...•...... •..... 14 7.4 Veneer Lathe ....••.••.•..•...... •.....•...... ••.••...... •...... 14 7.5 Veneer Slicer .....•...... •...... •...••...•.•...... •..... 14 7.6 Veneer Clipper ...... •...... •...... 14 7.7 Tray Systenl ...... •...... 15 7.8 Veneer Glue Spreaders .•.•...... •..•...... •...... •..•. 15 7.9 Veneer Dryer ...... •...... •...... 15 7. I 0 Core Saw and Fishtail Saw ...... •...... 15 7.11 Hot Press or Veneer Press ...... ••..•...... •.•.. 15 7.12 Veneer Stripsaw ....••...... •••...... 15 7.13 Patch Machine ...... •...... •...•...•..•....••....•.•... I 5 7.14 Veneer Chippers and Hogs .•...... •....•...•..•.•.•...••• , ...... 15 7.1 S Electronic Laminating Press and Edge Gluer ••••.•••..•••••..••..••••.••••• 15 7.16 Edge Gluer Jointer ••••...••..••..••.•.....••.....•.....•...... 15 7.1 7 Crowder .•..••....••.•.•...•.•...... ••••••••••.•..••••...••.•. 15 7.18 Sanders .....••...... '.•....•...... •.•••..•..•.•••••.•.•...... 15 7.19 Scissor Lifts ...... • ...... • . . . . • ...... • • • . . • . . . . • • • . . • . I 5

8. Cooperage Machinery ...... •...•...... •••...... •.•.... 16 8.1 General ....•..••.•...•.•..•....•...... •••..••.••....•...... 16 8.2 Saws ...... ••...... 16 8.3 Stave and Heading Planers (Single and Double Heads) ...•...... 16

rJdb 7 SI~CTION PAGE 8.4 Stave Jointing Wheels •.••••.•••..•.•.••••.•••.....•••' •••••••.••••...• 17 8.S Guarding of Heading Jointer lind Doweler Machine (Wheel) •..••..••.•.•...•.• 17 8.6 Guarding or Heading Rounder •..••..••••..••••...••..•..•..•....•.•.... 17 8.7 Gwrding of Power Windlass Machi~e •.•.•.•.....•.....•....•....••...... 17 8.8 Crozing Machines (Stationary Heads) .....•..••...... •...... •.. 17 8.9 Guarding of Gear·Driven Heading·Up Machines ....•.... '.' .....•...... 17 8.10 Guarding of Head.Charring Machinc ...•...... •...... 17 8.11 Bilge. and Head·Truss Hoop Ring·Removing Machines ...... •...... • 17 8.12 Guarding of Hoop Elevators and Conveyors •.••.••..•...•..•••...•...... 17 8.13 Guarding of Barrel.Sanding Machine ••.•.•.•....••...... •.•••••.•...... 17 8.14 Hoop Drivers and Trussers .•.••...•...••....••..•..•...... •••..•••.... 17 8.15 Head.Sanding Machinc ..••....••...... •.....•...... 17 8.16 Hand Jointcr .....•...... ••...... , , .•... , ... 17 8.17 Hoop-Punching and Coiling Machine ...•.•...•.. , ...... , ...• , .. , •.....•. , 17 8.18 Hoop·Riveting Machine ..... , ...... , ..... , ...... •...... 17 8.19 Guarding of Hoop Flaring and Expanding Machinc ...... , , .. , ... , , . , , 17 8.20 Bung.Boring Machinc. , ...... , ...... , , ...... 17 8.21 Hogs ...... I H 8.22 Blower. Collecting. and Exhaust System~ ...... IH 8.23 Dusl Bin ...... , ...... IM 9. Operating Praclices ...... 18 9.1 Inspection and Mainlcnance ...... I H 9.2 Sclccliunur Machines. Tools. :lI1d Equipmcnt ...... H! 9.3 Opcration of Machines. Tools. and Equipmcnt ...... 18 9.4 Personal Protective Equipmcnt ...... , ...... 19 9.5 Occupational Nuise Exposure ...... •...... 19 9.6 Respiratory Prutcclion ....•...... 19 9.7 Scleclion and Training of Operators ...... , .... 19 10. Revision of Amcrican National Standards Referrcu to in This Doculllent. ... , ...... 19 Appcndix ...... •...... 20

'08b8

American National Standard Safety Requirements for Woodworking Machinery

I. General Americlm Natinnal Standard for Vcntillition Control or Grinding. Polishing. and Buffing Operations. Z43.1· 1.1 Scope. Spcdlications for the safe installation. oper· 11)66 ation. and l11aintcnunee "f woouwurklng IIllu:hincry Al11cricllll Natinnal Standard Safety Color Code for and acccssory equipment. incluuing cuuperage and Marking Physical Hazards and thc Idcntilication of vcncering opcra tions. Ccrtain Equipment.Z53.1.llJ71 1.2 AI,plication and ElI:ceptions. The puqlllse of this stanuaru is In prnviue rcasonable safety I'm life. limb. Americlll1 National Stanuard Practicc fur Occurational ;lIld Iwalth. and Euucational Eye and Facc Protcction. ZH7 .1·1 %8

NOT!'.: It I' 'UI\~~SI~d Ihal. \\'h,'1\ ~"'ell\lt'n' aIL' .. ,keu. II ... American National Stanuard Practiccs for Rcspiratory ... nfuI':III~ alllllllril~' .·nn~ull \\'111t tin' ('UIII 111 II I.·.· UII Sa"~I)' Pwteetioll. ZXX.:!· I 961) ('lid.· rnr Woud,,· .. rkint! Madlln,·r)·. In .... ,...... lit,' AlllcliL":1II Natiunal SI~lIdall.h Inslilutc. 14:10 IIrlla(\\\·a\·. N~w 's' urI.:. N. Y.. American NatillIHl1 Standard Safcty Requircmcnts for lOOt K. Such ':UII~lIllaliulI will lend Iu hlmp ;lhuUI ulli""1I1I aplllu.'alilln uf II", ,Iandaru and will kL"'P IltL' Cllllllllill,·C in· Inuustrialllc:lu Prntectinn. Z89.1·1969 furnwd or crilll:i~lII~ whieh \huLild II

Al1lcrkan National Standaru I'ra~tkc fill Inutlstrial \lu~h block. The tcrlll "push hlock" shall mean a short Lighting. AII.I·I%5 (RIl)70) hlo~'k of wlIlIlI. pTIlvidell with a handlc similar to that or a pl:lllc and a shoulder at the rcar cnu. which is used Amerkan National Stlll1dard Safety ('lIue fur th~' lise. 1'01 pIIshin~ short stll~'k lIvcr rcvolving eu lIers. (Sc~, AJ Care and I)rotcclilln of Abrasivc Whecls. B7.1· )1170 of the Appenllix,) Amcrican National Standard Safcly (mlc I'm Mechanl· push stick. Thc tcrm "push stick" sh"lImeall 1I narrow cal Pnwer·Transmission Apparatus. 1115.1·1953 (lU 95H) strip III' wood ur IIthcr suft matcrial with 1I notch cut Amcrlcan National Standard National Electrical Cude. illto olle cnu lInu which is used to push short picccs of CI·1971 matcrial Ihrough SaWS. Amcrican National Standaru National Elcctrical Safety "shall" Dnd "should." The word "shall" is to be undcr. ('nue. C~ stoou as mandatory; the woru "should" as auvisory. Al1Ieric;t1l National Standard SlIfety Rcquircmcnts for Sawmills. 0 :2.\·\1./69 /' 4. Plant Layout American Natio:lal Standard for the Installation and Operation of Pulveri/.eu·Fucl Systems. Z I :2.1·1961 4.1 Machinc Layout ( I) Machincs should he arranged ill a manlier thai American National Standard Codc for thc Prcvcntion will permit an cven now of matcrials and eliminatc of Dust Explosions in Woodworking and Wuod Flour backtracking and criss·crossing. Sufficient spacc should Manufacturing Plants. ZI:!.:W·I962 (RI%9) bc provided to handlc thc matcrial with the Icast possi. Amcrican National Standard for thc Installation uf ble intcrfcrencc fruOl or to workmcn or other machines. Blower and Exhaust Systcms fur Dust. Sluck. and Machincs shoulu be so placed so that it will not be Vapor Rcmoval or Cunvcying. Z3.t 1·1 % I nccessary fnr an opcralor to stand in or nellr an aislc.

7 LJ8b9 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 01.1·1971 and the layout or machines should allow ror easy main. machine shall be related 10 the worker. Either the tenan~c and repair. equipment shall be adjustable or the worker provided (2) Tu prevent overturning or unintenliunalll1(Jve· wllh a means to Idjust to Ihe equipment. (See AS.I.I mcnl. wuudworking machinery shall be firmly secured. of the Appendl" for a gUide.) I)rovlslons shall be made Small units shall be secured 10 benches. tables. or so that large or unwieldy material can be handled in a slands of adequate strength and design. This rule docs safe manner. nol apply to porlable hand electric and pneumatic (2) Each machine shall be deSigned, cons!rucled. lools. and mounted in a manner which will eliminate hazard· ous vibration at any operating speed while using any NOTE: Whcrc:ver rlanliayoul permil5. II IIl.dvjsable to 10ClIl! hCllv)'·duly machinl!s on Ihl! j:round noor. tool designed for the machine. (3) Arbors and mandrels shall be constructed so as (3) Machines should be localed, with respect to to have nrm and secure bearing and shall be free from sources of natural and artiOciallight, so that light of excessive end·pla)' Ihal would cause a condition hazard· sufficienl intensilY will fall on the work. Supplemen. ous 10 workmen. lary illumination OIl the puint of operation shall be pro. (4) Band·saw wheels shall be designed and manufac· vided where necessary. Direci or renected glare and tured sn that Ihey will be capable of withslanding Ihe shadows shuuld he avoided. strains imposed. Band wheels seven inches or more in

NOT!': 1'1" ~I,..dlk rellllm'l1I~n" SC~ AI1I~ric'lII NOilillnal SIan· width shall have a minimum rim thickness of S/K inch d .. rLl. I'ral'lin' fur In"II~llIal Lil!hlin~. A 11.1·1965 (H 19701, if l11ade or ~ast iron ur I/'J. inch if of cast steel. except (!)..oc ,\4.1 (Li(!hllngl nr III.· App.:ndis.1 fur a distance nlll 10 excced one in~h frum either edgc. C5) Where employees arc ex posed 10 their ha1.ar.ds. (4) Provisiun shuuld be made for the removal uf autolllatic cUI·tlff saws that stroke continuously. wilh· dust. shavings. and waste material. automatkally ur out the operatur being ahle 10 control each stroke. sCllliautlllllalically. if pussible. shall not be IIscd. slullI NOTI:: I'm srccific requilcl1lcnls. ICC American N~liun:1I SIIII1' (6) Saw frames be pruvideu with permanenl dard. It"gulalhllls fnr Ihe Inslallation lJr Hluwel ~nLl Exhausl means III limit the siz~ of th~ S:IW that can be llluullted. SYSICIl1~ fur \)U~I. SIU\:'-. anLi Varur HCllluval1ll C"l1w)'in~. (7) Fences. material guides. and spreaders shall be Z.lJ.I·1961. designed and cunslructed in a manner which :!lInws 4.2 Floors and Aisles Ihel11 tn be pmperly secured In the lable or table assem· 4.2. I Floor Maintenance. All nuors shall he kepI in bly and tu remain in alignmenl wHh the cutting blade. good repair and shall he free frum prulruding nails. Fences. male rial guides. nnd spreauers on CUlling mOl' splinters. holes. uneyellllcs.... luose boards. Dl\d uther chines Wilh tilting lahles or lilting arhms shall also tripping ha1.ards. remain in nlillllll1cnt with Ihc CUlling bl:lde in any 4.2.2 Nonslip Floors. Fluurs ill the wmking area pusithlll, ahout all womJwnrking machines shall be providl'd with 1M) Gruoves \II' Itacks fur sli~ing ll1:!terial guides cffe.:tive means to prevent slipping. (Sec A4.2.2 uf the shall,he :lccuflllely machined parallel III insure :!lign. Al'l'clldix for suggestions for nonslip noms.) Illcnl with Ihe blade I'm all pOSitions of the gUide. 4.2.3 Aisles and Walkways. Aisles and walkwOlys (9) lIinged (If tilling lables shall be so construCleu shuuld be as s\rai~ht as pussible. with ~urners fllunued Ihal the table ~an be firmly secured in thc desired lH diagunal. Aisles for one·way traffic shall he not less pOSition ami in alignment with the CUlling tool. than the width uf the widest vehicle or load, plus three feet. For two·way traffic. the minimum width of aisles 5.1. 2 Machine Drive shall be not less than twice the width of the widest (I) Whenever possible. driving powcr for wuudwork. vehicles or luads. plus three feel. Lines marking aisle· ing machinery should be prrlvitled by individuaillmtur ways shall be painted on the noor. or some similar or IllUlurs IIlllunled 011 the machine. or on a separ:llc method employed to mark them. base adjacent \\1 thc machine. All bells. pullcys. gears. shafts. and lither moving parIS shall he guarded in accmda~cc wilh the specine requirements of American S. Machines lind Equipment National Standard Sarely Code for Mechanical Powcr· Trunsmissilln Apparatus. 1315.1·1953 (I{ 195M). S. I Machine Construction, Drive. Feed. Speed, and (2) meclfically driven wliodworking machincry shal~ Control (See AS.I of the Appendix) be grounded in a~cordancewilh Allleril;an National 5.1.' Machine Construction Slanu:ud Naliunal Electric:!1 Code. C 1·1971. (J) The heighl of a table, working surface, ur (3) Elich power.driven wllodworking machine ~hall

Otl70 AMEHICAN NATIONAL ST,\NOAIW 01.1-1971 be provided with a positive discunnect from the lIuurce lIf ulhcrwise pCrJnalu:,llly marked un all circular IlUW or power which cun be secured III Ihe uff p()Silinll. blades anti Illtallllot bioi run at U tll"llltllll cKc01l1l uf '"u' (4) Exposed non·current·currying me till, purts uj' rceummendud hy the lIIanuruclllrllr. frur billde' wlthllut portable eleclrlc equlpmenl operated at more Ihall SO a lIIanul'lIcluror's recollllllendatiun. IICC A~.1.5 or the valls to ground shall be gmundellllccording to the re· Appendix. qulrements of American National Standard Natiunal Electrical Code. C 1·1971. For purposcs of Ihis rule. 6. Woodworking Machinery uny cor~·c{)nnecled and plug.connected equipment shall be considered portable. 6.1 Circular. Rip, Crosscut, Resaw. and Swing Cut·Off (S) Hand·held, power.driven touls shall bc provided Saws with "dead man" control, such as a spring'lll:tuated switch. valve. or equivalent devicc so tlHlt the power NOTE: II is rCcnl!ni1.~cJ Ihal Ihc ~llIndurd5 fllr sal\' l!1J:lld5 in Ihh sect inn :ltC nnt universally a\'plil'ablc to ull uperatlons I'm will automatically shut off or disconnect whenever the whil'h suws :IIC uSl·d. The slund:uds !liven arc thoSt' whit'll arc operalor releases the wlllml. J!"nelally a"~cl'lell ill Ihe inllllslry. Since th,'re alc a 11111111\\"1 lIf silualinns nnl s:lli~"""llIIily covered hy Ihese slalldards. Ihc S.1.3 Machine Control l'lIfllll'inl! aUlhorilY should excrl'ise lalilude in :llIo\\'inl! Ihe usc (I) Each machine. whelher mechanically or elec· or lIlher dcviccs whiL-h afford adequal': prllICl·linn. trically driven. shall be provided wilh a device which 6.1.1 Guarding of Saws Benealh and Ilehind Tables. will make it pOSSible for Ihe oper:llur 10 cui urf Ihe The exposed portiun "I' the saw blade eilher bcncath or pllwer supply 10 Ihe machine withoul ICllYing his nor· behind Ihe tahle shall he covered with an exhallsl 1,11alllperaling posiliull. hood. ur with :1l-\IJ:lrd or olhcr :lrranl-\ellleni Ih:ll shull (2) On machincs driven by bclts ami shafting. helt he so :manged as 10 prevcnl :1I:cidenlal cOlilill:t wilh shiflers shall be easily accessible. prolecled frolllllcci· the blade. denial conlacl. ;lIld within re;lch of the operalor. They 6.1.2 Bund-Fed Ril' Snws shull be eqUipped wilh :1 locking device III prevent ( I) bdl I.'ir~·lIlar hand·red rip saw shall he pl'lIviLleu lIccidcntal shining. wilh a hood.lype Illiard Ih:lt will cliver Illl' hl:.Ilh: :It :111 (3) Electrically driven equipll1ent shull he controlled limes when 11\1. ill II~. This may he :Iccolllplisheu hy with magllelic swilches IIr olher devices which will pre. the USl' or II j.\lIaru whkh \vill all IOll1atically lIujuSI 10 vellt autllinulic restarting of Ihe IIla~hine :Ifter a power the Ihkkllcss III' Ihe IIwtel'jlll hcinll cut. IIr hy .. ri."l·d III failure. if automatic restarting"f the machine would ll1allll:llly·adjusted guard. If a fixed \11' 1I1:lI1ll;lIly· creale a huzard. adjllstt:d ~u'Hd is ust:d, Ihe space hl"WCl'll 'he blllhllll (4) On equipmcnt which lIses steam. air. hydnllllh:. "I' the Iluard alilithe nWINial being cut shull nol exceed tlr a puwer source other thun electric, Ihe valves \If JIX III' un in~h If 1·1 I~ Indws (If more from Ihe hhlde. power supply COlltruls shull aUlUllullically he positioned and 1/4 inch if cluser Ihall 1·1/ ~ inches. to OFF when the sourcc or power is interrupted. in (2) When in usc. 'he houd·type gu:ltd shull enclose order \U prevcnt aUlolllatic rcstarting or cllmplction of that purlilln uf the blade abuve the material. the cycle. (J) Huod.type guards shall he so designed and Cllll' (S) Power controls and operating COil troIs shall be structed as III resist blows and SltilillS inch.lelltal til located within eusy reach of the opemlur while he is :It reasulluhle uperal iOIl. udjusling, :lIId Iwndling, ill littler his regular work localinn. They shall be pusitiolled III protecl Ihe openlllH rrmn nyil1ll splinters ami su as to muke it unnecessary for him III reach owr a broken saw leeth. hazurdous area to actua Ie Ihe con Irol. (4) The hUllo shall be so lIIuullled as til inslIl'!! Ih:1I (6) On machines operated by electric 1l1lltIHli IH ils opera lion will be positive. rcliahle. anLl in alignlllent other sources uf power. Jlusitive ll1eall.~ of IllCkllUI shall with 'he S:IW. Thl' mounting shall be adequllie 10 resisl be provided for rendering such cuntrols or devices in· :II1Y rcitsllllithle silk Ihrust or other fmce Ihal wuuld operative while repairs or adjustmellts arc being made disrupialignllleni. III the machines they control, (5) Where it hnnd.lype guard cannol be uscd because (7) Each operating control shi.lll be protccted ag,ainst Ill' unusllill slwpes or ClItS. :I jig or l'ixlure which will unexpected or accidenlal activuliun. pwvide e4u(I\ safelY I'm the llpCrutur shall be uS\!d. On 5.1.4 Self·Feed. Fceder attachn.lcnts. such as feed the completiun of slIch operiltiuns. the guurd shall be illlntediiliely replaced, rolls. chains. sprockcls. gears. Of uther l\Ioving parts which crealc a hilzard shull be adequately safel-\uurded. (ll) A push slick shull be used when clIlling short ur narrow l\hlCk. 5.1.5 Speeds. The operaling speeds shall he etched (7) Ea~h hund-fed cir~lIlal' rip SlIW shall be equipped

U871 MIERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDOI.I-191\

with II spreadcr 10 minimizc Ihe possibility of material front of thc nip point bel ween the front roll and the squec1.ing the saw or of material kickbacks. The work. sprcader shall be Illude of tempered sleel. Of its Cllulvu. (2) Anllkh:kbu~k l>OYI~IIA ... UII&:h lelMood Illtc:ullir ,II" lenl. and shull he slighlly Ihlnner Ihan the laW kerf. It ' SIIW shull be provided wllh sectionalllntlkickbuck dc. shall be Clf sufflcienl width to provide adequate stiff· vices for Ihe full widlh of Ihe feed rolls. They 'shall be ness or rigidity 10 resisl any reasonable side thrust m located in front of the saw blade and so arranged as to blow lending to bend or Ihrow it OUI of position. The he in conlinual contact with the stock being red. spreader shall be attached so that it will remain in true 6.1.7 Swing Cut-Orr Saws and Sliding Cut-Orf Saws alignlllent with Ihe blade. even when either the saw or Mounted Above the Table (For Radial Saws. sec 6.1.9) , Ii,lble is lilted. and should bc placed so that there is not (I) Hood-Each saw shall be provided with a device I11me than 1/2·inch space between the spreader and the Ihat will cOIl1plctely enclose Ihe upper half of the blade. back of the blade when the recollImended saw blade Is the arbor end. and the point of operation at all posi. in its II\llximull\ "up" posiliun. If a blade smaller than lions ot' the suw. Thc device shall be constructed in the llIaXilllUllIl1ermissihle si1.e is used. the spreader shall such a manncr as 10 prolect the operator from nylng he muved tn within I/~ inch lIf blade. The provisionuf splinlers and broken saw leeth. This device shall be so a lipre:lder in connectiun with groClvinl:\. d:ldoing. ur designed Ihat il will automatically cover Ihc lower por. rabheting is nllt re(luired. On the cOll1pletilln of such tion of Ihe blade. su Ihat when the saw Is returned 10 uperatillns. Ihe spreader .shall be hnilledialely replaced. the back (If Ihe table. Ihe hood will rise on lOp of Ihe (H) E:II:h hand-fed circular rip saw shall be proVided fence. and when the saw is moved forward. Ihe device with unlikickbad; devices so I\lCaled as lu oppose Ihe will drop Oil lop of.and remain in contaci with the Ihrusl or lendency uf Ihe saw blade lU pick up Ihe lahle or malerial being cut. 1lI:llerial or Ihruw it back loward Ihe "pcraWr. They (2) t'uuIlIcrweighls,- Each swing cut·off saw shall be shall he designed III provide holding pllwer fur allihe provided wilh lin effeclive device III return Ihe saw IhkkllCSSCS IIf material bcirS cuI. bl:lde aUlulllalic,llIy Iii Ihe back or the lahle Wilhoul 6.1.3 Hand-Fed Crosscul Table Saws (Including rehound when released al an)" pllinl uf ils Iravel. Whcre Trimmer Saws) the cllunlerweight is cxpllsed til contact. il shall he en­ ( I) Each circul:u CruSSClI\ lahle saw shall he g\larded c1used hy " gu:mltu the num ur a S:lfCIY device Ihat hy a hood which shallmcctallihe requirements Ill' this will hold twice lhe weightuf Ihe counlerwcight. secliun fur hoods, (.1) Limit SIOJls-A Iilllit chain ur olher e(IUally (~I Ea~h circular crosscUI saw shall ul5(1 be provided el'feclive <1evice shull be pruvided hi prevenl the SOlW wilh :1 spreader which shall llIeel Ihe rCplane formed by Ihe bottum or from the uperator. The 5idcs uf the Illwcr expused por. wurking surfaces of the feed rulls and be at least 1-1/2 liun of the blullc shull be guarded tu the full diumcter inch frum Ihe nip poinl. This dislance (3/8 inch) may or the blade by :I device Ihal wili autumalically adjusl he increased til 3/4 inch. provided Ihe lead edge of the ilself tu the thickness of the stuck and rcmuin 111 CUll­ hood is eXlendcd III be n(ll less Ihan 5-1/2 inches in tact wi th stock tieing CIlI.

J() AMERICAN NATIONAL SrANI>AIW 01.t·197t

(2) Spreaders-When rudial SIIWS lIFe used fur ripping, be I'ully encased. "he uulShJe rllrll,her)' or the cnclnsurc II spreader shalt be provided and shall be aligned with shull be snlid. The front and buck or Ihe hund wheels the saw blade. shall be either enclu5ed by sulld I\\uterial or by wire (3) A"tlklckback Dcvlccs-·Anllklckback deviccs mesh or perforuted metal. Such mesh or perroruted located on both sldcs of the saw blade on the out feed lIletal shall be not less than 0.037 Inch (U.S. Gage No. side,50 as to oppose the thrust or tendency of the 20), and the upenings shall be not grellter than 3/8 inch. blade to pick up the material or to throw it back Solid 1I1l1teriai used for this purpose shall be of an toward th(.\operator, shall be used on each radial saw equivalent strength and firmness. The guard for Ihe used for ripping. They shall be dcsigned to provide portion of the blade between the sliding guide and the adequate holding power for all the thicknesses of mate­ upper·saw.wheel guard shall enclose Ihe saw blade al rial being cut. the front and outer side. This portion of the guard shall (4) Adjustable Stops and Return Devlces-(a) An be self.adjusting 10 raise and lower with the guide. The adjustable stop shalt be provided to preven t the for· u'pper.wheel guard shall be made to conform to the ward travel of the blade beyond the position necessary travel uf the s:rw blade un the wheel. and the top mem· to complete the cut in repetitive operations. A limit ber 01" the guard should have at least a two·inch clear· chain or other equally effective device shall be pro· unCl' outside Ihe saw blade and be lined with slIlooth vided to prevent the saw blade fmlll sliding beyond material. preferably lIletal. Effective brakes sh:rll be the edge of table, or extend the tabic to eliminate Ilfl)vided In SlOp the wheel in case of hlade breakage. over·run. (b) Installation shall be in slich II manner that 6.2.2 Tensiun. Each blind saw machine should be the front end of the unit will be slightly higher thlln provided wil h a lension con tTOI device \0 indh:ate the rear, ur other devices installed so as tll callsc the propel tellsion flIT the standard saws used un the clilling head til return gel1lly III the starting position' machine. when reieased by the operator. CAUTION! Return 6.2.3 Feed Rolls. hed rolls of hand resaws shall he system shall not allow rebound. equipped with glt:lrds tu prevellt the hands of the oper· ator I"rom coming intu contllcl with the roll nip points. (5) Direction of Feed-Hipping and ploughing shall The edge of the guard shall come to within 3/R inch of be against the direction in which the s:rw turns. The the pl:llle formed b}1 the inside face of the feed rull in direction of the saW rolation shall be conspicuously COil tact with the stock heing cut and the work table. marked on the hood. In additinn. a permOlnent lahel not less than 1·1/2 inches by 3/4 inch shall be lIrnxcd 6 ..1 Jointers and Philters to the rear of the guard at appruxilllately the level of 6 ..1.1 Pllint (If Operation the arbor, reading as follows: DANGER: DO NOT FEED MATERIAL INTO ( I) Each hand· fed "laner ;lIld jointer with horii'.llntal ur vcrtk:rI helill shall hl' eqUipped with a cylindrical CUTTING TOOL FROM THIS END. culling head. Ihe knife projection of which shall not Such a label should be colored standllrd danger reu Ill' exceed I/H inch beyond the cylindrical body of the mange is accordance with American National Standard heau. SafelY Color Code for Marking Physical 1I:lzarus :lIld (:!I Sqllare clitlin!! hl'ads sh:1I1 not be used. the Idcntilkalion of Certain Equipmcnt. Z53.1·1971. (.I) The opening in Ihe table shall be kept as SI11l111 as 6.1.10 Portable Circular Saws. All pottablc, power· possible. The clearance between the edge of the rear driven saws shall be equipped with guurds above lind tuble :lIld the clllling head circle or knives shall be not below the base plate or shoe. The lll'per guurd shall 11I0re th:1O 1/8 inch. The table thron t opening shall be cover the blade to the depth of the teeth, exccpt I'or nut l110re than 2·1/2 inches when tables are set or the mlnimul1l arc required to permit the base til be aligned with each other for zero cut. tilted for bevel cuts. The lowcr guurd shall cuver the 6.3.2 Automatic Guards blade to the dcpth of the teeth, except for the mini· ( I) Eaeh hand·fed jointer shall have an autol11atic mUl1larc required to allow proper retraction lind con· guard which will cover all the sectiuns of the CUlling tact with the work. Whcn the tool is withdrawn from head on the working side of (he fence or gmlrd. The thc work, the lower guard ~hll\l alltlllml\k:llIy und in· guard shall he designed to prevent accident:,1 contact st.lI1tly return to covering position. with the revolving knives and shall automatically lIdjust 6.2 Band Saws and Band Resaws itself to cover the unused portion of the head and shall /---"" 6.2.1 Enclosing Band Saw Blades. All port ions of remain in conlact with the material at alltil11es. \ : ',,-,/ the saw blade shall be enclosed or guarded. except for (2) Each hand·fed jointer wilh hori1.llntal cutting the working portion of the blade bctween the bollom head shall have a guard which will cover the section or of the guide rolls and the table. Band s:rw wheels shall the head back of the gage or fence.

11 01;73 AMElUCAN NATIONAL STANDARD 01.1.1971

6.3.3 Vertlcal·Head Jointers. l~uc:h wllod juinler with shUI)Or hOlldll Ahull nllt h~ ItA~d ullh~,~~ I,ml,orl), hllllllu:od. veri ical head shllll have either un exhllust hood or Ilther (J) Tcmll,III10K. jlgl, lind ""IUfOi wlth:h will rOl1ltlYo guard su arranged as III enclosc cnmplctely the rcvolvlng Ilw uperlllllf's hUllds I'ront the Imlnllll' ul)Qrutinn Ihan head. except for a slot of sllch width as may be neces­ he uscd whenever Ihe nature IIf the wurk will permit. sary for the application of the material \0 be jointed. 6.6.2 Single Slarting and. Stopping Devices. All • double.spindle shapers shall be provWt:d with a spilldle 6.4 Tenoning Machines starting and stopping device for each spindle. 6.4.1 Guarding of CUlling Heads ( I) Each tenoning machine shall have all eu t ting 6.7 Planing. Molding. Sticking, and Matching Machines heads. and saws if used. covered by guards. These 6.7.1 Guarding of Cunini Heads guards shall cover at leasl Ihe unused pari or'the periph· ( I) Hach planins. molding. sticking. and matching cry IIf the cutting head. machine shall have all CUlling heads and saws. If used. (2) Where an exhaust syslemis used. Ihe guard mily covered by II guard 10 minimllo accldenlal contact with form part or all of Ihc exhaust hnod. thl! CUlling hClld. 6.4.2 Feed Chains and Sprockets (2) Where an exhaust system is used. the guards may ( I) Fced chains and spmckcts uf lill double end form part nr all III' the exhaust IlUUd. tenlilling machines shall be clllllph:lely·cnclllscd. excepl 6.7.2 Feed Rolls for Ihal portion uf chain used fur cunvcying the stuck: ( II Feed rolls shall he prnvided with a guard !If hllud (~) At the rear ends IIf frames ovcr which feed CUll' 10 minimize uperator contact with the wllllil' points. veyors run. sprockets and ch"ins shall he guarded al Ihe The guard shall relllain in adjustmenl for any thickness sides by pliltes projecting heyuml the periphery IIf 1\1' stock. sprockCIS and thc ends uf lugs. I~) Surfacers or planers lIscd in processing multiple (31 Where space permits. Ihe rear end uf the frallIe pieces ul' 1I1;lIerhll simull3nellusly shall be provided with liver which the feed cunveyors run should be su e,,· sectillnal infeed rolls having sufficient yi'cld in Ihe con· tended Ihat the material. as il leaves the machine. will struction of the sectiuns to provide feeding contacl be guided tn a poinl within easy reach uf the persnn pressure un the stuck. IlYer the permissible range of "taking away" al th~ rear ul' Ihe telluner. variation in stllck thickness flir which the machine is 6.4.3 Hand·Fed Tenoners. Hand·fed tenuning IIlll' designed. chilies shall be provided with a clamping or "huld· 6.K Prufile and Swing.Head uthes (Including Wood duwn" device un the fix lurc. Heel Turning Muchines) 6.H.1 Guarding uf Culling Heads 6.5 Uoring and Morlising Machines ( I) Each prufile and sWing·head la'lhe shall have illl 6.5.1 Chucks. (,hucks with projecting S4.!t screws CUlling heads Cow red by a guard tUll1inimize accidenlal shall nut be used. cuntact wilh the culling head. 6.5.2 Chain Mortiser. The top uf the CUlling chain (2) CUlling heads un wood.turning lathes. whether and driving mechanism shall be enclosed. rotating or nOl, shall be cuvcred us completely liS possi. 6.5.3 Counterweight!!. Where there is a Cll\l1ller· hie by huods or shields. weight. suitable means shall be used to prevenl its (.1) All autumatic wood.turning l11achine~ uf the dropping. rUlating knife type shall be equipped with guards ell' 6.5.4 Universal Joints. Universal joints on spindles closing the culler bhu.les completely. except al the con· llf boring machines shall be guarded in slich a way as 10 tact puints while the stock Is being CUI. prevent accidental cuntact by Ihe operator. (4) Lathcs used for turning long pieces of WllOd 6.6 Wood Shapers and Similar Machines stuck held only between the two centers shall be 6.6.1 Guarding of CUlling Heads equipped with long curved guards extending over Ihe ( I) The cutting heads uf each w()ud shaper. hlllld·f4.!d lUI'S ur the lathe in order to prevent the work p'iece panel raiser. or other similar machine nOllllltlllllatically from being Ihrown (lui of the machine if it shuuld fed. shall be enclosed with 1I cage or adjustable guard SII hecume loose. d4.!signed as III minimi7.e uperalor contact with culler (5) Guurdll covering the work piece in wood·turning head. The diameter of circular shaper guaJ'ds shall be lathes should be so constructed tll permilubscrvallun greater than the diameter of the cutler. In nu elise shall III' the turning uperations. a warning device of leather or oll,er material bc ((1) Wuml'lurning lathes shall be cqulpped with suc· allached til Ihe spindle. tillll houds, properly connected III cfl'icient exhaust (2) Cylindrical heads should be used whenever the systems Ihat will remove. a\ their puint of urigin.the nature of the work will permit. Single CUller knivcs in chips and (luslS prmluccd.

I~ \)814 AMERICAN NATtONAL STANDARO 01.1-1971

(7) An exhllUst systelll may fUrlll pari or all or the 6.13 Guarding Operating Treadles. Uach• operaling suard. trelldle IIhllll be c(wefed by II deville wlth:h IllltillltlllllC (II) Tnol rests shull be !lCl:urely fastened tn avoid 10 IIvold IIcllldetllllllu:tlVlIlluH ur ItIPI,IIIS. accidentalmovelUellt. 6.14 Other Machines Nol EKcluded. The mcnlion or 6.9 Sanding Machines specific machines in b.1 through 6.12 inclusivc, is not 6.9.1 Feed Rolls. Feed rolls of self·feed sanding mao Intended to exclude other woodworking machil1cs from chines shall be protected with a semlcylindrlcal guard the rcquirement that suitable guards and exhaust hoods til prevent the hands of the operator from coming in be prOVided. Reduce 10 a minimum the hazanl due III contact with the rull nip points. The guard and Its the poin~ of operation of such machines. mounting shall be designed to remain in adjustment for uny thickness of stock. The bollom of the guard should Cllllle down tll within J/8 inch of a plane fmmed by 7. Veneer and Plywood Machinery the botlulll or contact face of Ihe feed roll where it touches the stuck. 7.1 Steaming Equipmenl and Soaking Pils 6.9.2 Drum Sanding Machines. Each drulll sanding 7.1.1 Steam Vats and Soaking Pils machine shall have an exhaust homl, or uther guanl, SII ( I) Steam vats shall be pmtectcd by standard guard arranged as to encluse the revolving drum. excepl for rails or sidcs eXlending to a height of not less Ihan 42 Ihe wnrking portion of Ihe drum above the tahle. inches above Ihe noor. working plalform, or gruund. 6.9.3 Disk Sanding ~Iachines. Each disk sanding mll· (2) Large steam vats divided into sections shall be chine shull have the exhaust huod, or uther guard. so proVided wilh " substantial walkway between sections. arranged as III enclose the revolving disk, except for equipped with a standard guurdrail on each exposed thaI portion uf the disk ahllve the tahle. side. These guardrails may be of the removable type if necessary fm specific opera lions and shall be replaced NOTE: Th" dhlllnC4' belween thc disk and Ihe IlIh"! cd!!&: shall be kCI'1 ~. a minimum. illlllleliialely fnllowing completion of the operalion. 6.9.4 Bell Sanding Machine!! Non·: I'rllvided Ihe Nile of Slock handled willpcrl11il, il is atlvlsahl~ III k~cl' Ihe size or Ihe val scl'linliS to cight fCl·t or (I) Dell sanders shall have all pulleys encloscd in· le~s. cluding sides and periphery. This docs twt include Ihe wur king end llf an edge sander. An ex.hausl hood may 7.1.2 Loading and Unloading. Steam vals and soak· be part of the gUllrd. ing pits: (I) The s\lrface at Ihe sides being used shall be (2) Till: edges uf the unu~d run of the belt shall be nom guarded. so conslructed ali to minimize slipping, and all em· ployees wmkins at Ihe vats shall be provided with and 6.10 Comblnatiun or Univerlilll Woudworking Machines. shull be required 10 wear foolwear having soles and Fur cumhinatillll UI unlvcrsal wllOllwurklng l11achincs, heels of slich composition as to minimize slipping. each Imillt ul' operatlun shall he guurded as specified in (2) The employee working at a steam vat or soaking the rules nl' this standard fur each separate machine. pit shall be provided with and ~equired 10 wear a safety Such l1\a~hlllcs sl\all be provided with a separate SlOp· belt allached to a lifeline. The lifeline shall be attached ping lind starling devlee at each puint of operation. to a traveling trolley on a monorail or to a fixed anchorage or similar arrangement. The lifeline shall be 6.11 Ruulen. The pulleys, spindles, lind Cll It Inll tuuls permanently adjusted so thai the empluyee, in the shall be guarded. Turn plates, jigs. and fixlures which event of slipping, falling, or tripping, cannot fall inlo reqUire the Ilperlllur's hamb til be rCl\\Uvcd from the the vat or soaking pit. polnl Ill' opellllllllll1luy be u~d as a I'llillt IIf operation (3) Mechanical handling nr conveying equil'mellt guard. shall be provided and so designed that the logs can be 6.12 Glue SllrcllderH (Feed Roll TYIJC). Where there is a removed wilhout requiring manual assistance from an hat.alliin Ihe upcratlll, Ihe feed ruli shall be guarded at employee al the edge uf the vat. all nip poillis. The botIlH.; of Ihe guard at Ihe in·feed (4) Safe and adequate means shall he provided for ~ide shall collie III within JIM inch of a huri1.0111l11 plane draining the lilJuid. Nu employee shall be permit tcd 10 flllllled hy Ihe bo\llll1\ llf cunillci facc of the feed roll sland on the vat. and no unloading shall be started unlil and the lUI' surface uf the stuck und at least 1.1/2 the liquid has been drained from the val. Inches away frolll the cunillcl point. It Is recollll11ended 7.1.3 Ventilation thalli reversing bar m switch. or II kickplate be used in (I) Insofar as possible, vats should be located In additioll to Ihe IIiI' guard. buildings, or in special sheds. heated in cold weather 10

13 Od75 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 01.1.1971 keep the amount of steam at a minimum. 7.4.6 Means shull be provldQd In knife grlndlna arell (2) Adequate means shall be provided for ventilation to drain cleaning or cooling liquids from the work of buildings in which steam vats are located. High station. ceilings with roof ventilators or louvers are desirable. 7.4.7 Knives and other cutting eqUipment shall have Where. ceilings or roofs a~e low, exhaust fans shall be planned storage areas. provided. 7.4.8 The area under the elevating ramp (tipple) from the lathe to the stock trays shall be guarded to 7.2 Log Handling Equipment prevent entrance while the lathe Is in operation. 7.2.1 Cranes, Log Trolleys, Etc. All gears, sprockets, and other dangerous parts shall be enclosed with stan· 7.5 Veneer Slicer. Knife shall be guarded at front and dar'd guards. (See American National Standard Safety rear to prevent accidental contact with the knife edge. Code for Mechanical Power·Transmission Apparatus, 7.6 Veneer Clipper 815.1·1953 (RI958». 7.6.1 Clippers shall be provided with a guard on

NOTE: Th!! US!! ot' 10111rolleY5 ur cranes is urgenlly recom­ both in·feed and out·feed sides to protect the operator IIlcnded ellcepl where Ihe stuck handled is very small. and helper. 7.6.2 Guarding Operating Treadles. Each operating 7.2.2 Barker. An enclusure shall be constructed for treadle shall he covered by a device which is adequate the barker operatur to protect him frol11 being struck to avoid accidental activation or tripping. by flying bark. Similar protection shall be provided for 7.6.3 Power·Driven Guillotine Veneer Cutters personnel walkways ncar the barker. (Refer to 4.4 of (Except Continuous Feed Trimmers). These shall be American National Standard Safety ReqUirements for equipped with the following: Sawmills, 02.1·1969.) ( I ) A starting device which requires the simultane· 7 _2.3 Conveyors. Reversing switches shall be pro­ ous action lIf both hands to start the cutting motion, vided for conveyors, and such switches properly and at least olle hand on a control during the complete identified. stroke of the knife; or 7.2.4 Stairways, Walkways, and Ladders. Stairways, (2) An automatic device which will removc the walkways. and ladders in and around machinery shall hands of Ihe operator from the danger lOne at every be kepI free of debris, cans. tools. etc. and kept in descenl of the blade used in conjunction with one-hand good repair. Necessary guardrails shall be provided. starling devices which require two distinct movements of the device 10 start Ihe cutting motion. 7.3 Saws (3) All power.driven veneer cutters shall be so de· 7.3. J Log Cut·Off Saws. Saws shall be so located as signed that the knife positively returns to the starting to give safe clearance for passage when the saw is at the position after each complete cycle of the knire. extreme end of the stroke, or if such clearance is not (4) Where two or Illore workers ure employed at the obtainable. the saw and its driving mechanism shall be same time on the same power.drlven guillotine veneer provided with a standard enclosure. cutter equipped with two·hand con trot, the device shall 7.3.2 Circular Cut·Off Saws. The operator shall be be so arranged that each worker shall be required to use provided with an enclosure as protection against saw· both hands simultaneously on the controls to start the dust and flying chips. ell !ting motion, and a t least one hand on a. control to 7.4 Veneer Lathe complete the cut. 7.4.1 A mechanical lock shall be provided to prevent (5) In addition to the brake or other stopping mech· the back.up roll from closing until activated by the anism. a nonrepcat device shall be provided which will operatm. prevent the machine from operating in the event of a 7.4.2 A guard or positive interlock and necessary mechanical failure. hydraulic or air controls shall be provided to prevcnt (6) Where no olher device serves as protection, a forward movement of the charger. if such movement gllard running the length of the knife shall be Installed may be hazarduus. on the in-feed side. 7.4.3 Positive means shall be provided to hold the (7) A protective device, such las side shields, shall be head in the open position while servicing the knife. pmvi'ded Oil the out·feed side. ' 7.4.4 A protective device for the knife edge shall be (8) A protective device for' the knife edge shall be provided for use when transporting the knife. provided for use when transporting the knife. 7.4.S Where there is a hazard from "exploding" logs, (9) Positive means of opening and locking the con· both lathe operator's and charger operator's stations trol circuit and supporting the mechanism In the "up" shall be protected against flying slabs and chips. position shall be provided for use durind knife changes.

14 0876 AMI':RICAN NATIONAL STANI>AIW 01.1·1971

( 10) When the huld·down c:llIl\\lllind the knIfe IIUI roqulre IIIHlvullnl\ uf hulh ll\1"lmlll~ t)POtIlIO Iho IUDIIII, In Ilu:ir uPI,errnnsl pn,ilionl, th&: knife edge shall nul and a quick opening device 'hall be provided al each ex Icnd helllw the I"wer edge 111'1 he hllld·dllwn cluml', stallon nn the prCli5 hoisl platform. 7.7 Truy SYllte", (6) Fluor openings on nonworking sides of press and ( 1) The tray 'ystem shall be equipped with controls pit shall be prolected with standard guard rails. (Sec al each end so that the system cannol be operated American National Standard Z 12.1· 1967.) unless b('th switches are In Ihe "on" posilion. (7) Means shall be provided for safe access inlo Ihe (2) A wulkway shall be constructed the entire length press pit, the top of Ihe press, and each side, and a of Ihe truys su Ihal Ihe IUp Imy can be rcached In Ihe positive means of blocklng up the hoist platform. eycnl (If II "plug.up" Wilhoul having 1(, climb up the 7.12 Veneer Strlpsaw. An antlklckback device and frumes. hood guard shall be provided as covered in 6.1.2. 7.7.1 Dryer Feed. A standard siairway and calwalk acmss Ihe IrllY lines shall be cnllS\rucledlu pmvide 7.13 Patch Machine. A guard shall be provided to pre­ !.afc access In Ih&: event IIf a "plug.up." ;lI\d dryer feed vent upcrator's hands from entering the punch area, contruls, including a pusitive lock nut, shall be pro· and the fuot treadle shall be guarded as in 7.6.2. vided at the feeders' statillll. '.14 Veneer Chippers and Hogs ( II '.M Veneer Glue Spreaden. Spreaders shall be equipped The lop feed rull shall be equipped with a guard and a shield or panel shall be provided on the operator's wilh an allllllllalic reverse devh:e which will work Oil side tu prevent operator fmm reaching the roll. bUlh 'he in·feetl ami nUI·feed sides, anti 51) anangetl (2) Where there is a pussihility of the operator fall· Ihal Ihe spreader will be autumalically reversed in Ihe illg intn the opening of a hog or chipper. a lifeline and evenl cllntllcl is made with Ihe device nn either side uf safety helt shall be provided. the machine. 7.1 S Electrunic Laminating Pre!i.~ and Edge Gluer 7.9 Veneer I)ryer (I) Interlocked gates shall be provided Oil in·feed ( I ) Warning signs lin Iluurs and rne;1II11 uf pressure ilnd out-feed sides of batch-Iype presses which arc relief shall be plllvided III prevent injury frum hoI interlocked to prevent power being aClivated until gates steam. gar.cs. UI slIIuke flllm "\lIlllal operation or nrl: arc completely luwered. cundlt luns. (2) Shielding shall be prOVided to prulect against (21 Stealll lilies oUlside the dryer whidl may be COli' harmful exposure til radiation Ihat may be elllilled. tacted by personnel shall be insulated or enclosed. (.H All weens ami fj\'crli shall he equipped wilh 7.10 Cure Saw and fishtail Saw. Where a band saW is interlucks which will shUI off all power in Ihe evenl they ure removed. used lu trim panel cOle. II shall he jtuarded in accord· unce wilh I'rllvisillllll of fl. 2.1. 7.16 Edge Gluer Jointer ( I) A barrier shall be installed at Ihe end of a Iravel 7.1 I HoI Prelili or Vt!neer rres.~ of the head h) prevent nylng splinlers from injuring (I) Steam lines which lIluy be contacted by person· personnel. Ilelshall he insulated ur enclosed. (2) A gate shall be installed to prevent access be· (2) Standurd guard rails shall he provided un the tween the edge sluer jointer and Ihe grasshopper, Sl) ends of loading lind unloading elevators or hoist arranged thai when Ihe gate is upened, all electricity, platforms or both. (Sec American Nallonal Siandard air, and hydraulic lines will be shut off and the cylin. fur Ihe Installutiun and 0l)erallun uf ilulvcril.cd·Puel ders bled. SYllel115. 7.12.1·1 \)h 1.1 . (3) 111)1·pte,~ hulslSlihall be provided with a braking 7.17 Crowder. A device ~h()lIld be positillned across ;md hoh.ling I1\ccl\lllll~1\I which will operate aulolllati· the front of the in·feed nip poinl, S(l arranged as to c:llI)' III case of failure of lifting chains or cables. shut off the equipment if contact Is made with it. (4) 011 II hot press eltuipped with an automatic '.18 Sanders. Wide·belt sanuers shall be equippetl with charger. all electrically interlllcked gate or chain shall n()nkickback fingers aml a barrier at the in·feeu siue he provided across Ihe opening hetween the charger :Idjusted to prevent mOle thall one pallel entering the Iltll.l the pres~ which. when openetl. will open the cir· sanuer at a lime. cuit tll prevent the charger from lIIoving. (5) Where Iwu workers arc employed in loading the '.19 Scissor Lifts. All scissor IiflS, regardless of size, press, closing contrul devices shall he provided within shall be pruvlded with a mechanical means of support· reach of each wurk stlllioll. !it! Intercunnectetl as lu Ing the iiI" \1\ a raised posilion independent of the

15 0877 AMI':RIt'AN NATIONAL STANI)ARIl 01.1-1971 , hydraulic system for purposes 01' cleaning and repairs. , , 8.1,4 P!ll'I'el StllY.e SIWI (Cylindrical Saws) (I) Each machine of this type. shall have the saw hlade and lhe reyolving pari (head) to whl~h the saw blade II bolted enclosed with a hinged guard to prevent 8. Cooperag~ Machinery accidental contact, except for-that part of the saw blade immediately adjacent to the carriage, which is 8.1 General. All bells, pulleys, gears, sharts, and moving the: point of operation of lhe saw. parts shall be guarded In accordance with specinc reo (2) The exhausl hood shall be 50 arranged and main· quirements or Ihe American National Standard Sarety lained as to guard effe:clively Ihe boltom portion of the Code ror Mechanical Power·Transmission Apparalus. blade. The houd shall be made or adequate strength to BIS.I·19S3 (RI958). resist strains hlcidenlallo reasonable operalion. S.l Sawl S.2.S Hand·Fed Staves and Heading Ripsaws 8.2.1 Heading Bolt Sawing Machine ( I) Each circular hand·fed stave and heading ripsaw ( I) Each heading saw blade shall be guarded by a shall be provided wilh a hood· type guard that will hood curved 10 Ihe conlour tif the blade. The hood covt:r Ihe blade al all times when not In use. shall cover the saw at least to the depth of the teeth. (2) When in usc, the hood.type guard shall enclose excepl for thai portion actually used in making Ihe cut. Ihal portion of the blade above Ihe lable and Ihal por· The exhausl hood shall be Sll arranged and maintained lion or the blade above the material by adj~stil1g auto· as til guard elTeclively Ihe bottum purtion Ill' Ihe blade. matically lolhe Ihickness of the l11alerial being cut. The huod shall be madc uf adequale strength to resist (3) lIouo.type guards shall be so designed and con· strains incidenlalto reasonable operatiun. adjusting, slructeu as III resist bluws and slrains incidental 10 and handling and to prutect the operator frum Ilying rcasun:Jble uperation. adjusting, and handling and to splinters and broken sawteeth. protect the operator from flying splinlers and broken (2) The balance wheel shall be covered 10 encluse saw teeth. the rim and oUlside portion of Ihe wheel. (4) Each hand,led' circular slave and heading ripsaw (3) The swing carriage shall be provided wilh an shall he equipped with a spreader. effeclivc device thai will return the carriage automati· 8,2.6 Radial SIIWS. The upper hood shall cOlllplelely cally tu a position in front or the saw. encluse thai portiun of the blade down lu a poinl Ihal (4) A limit stop shall be prllvided to prevent the will include Ihe end ur Ihe SlIW arbor. The upper huod carriage frul1l SWinging tuu far back and thereby expos· shall be constructed in a manner Ihat will prolect the ing Ihe unguarded portiun of Ihe blade lu cuntac!. IIJleralm fflllll l1ying splinlcrs, broken saw teelh, and 8.2.2 Hsnd·Fed Flal Table·Type Heading Saw, The will dellcci sawdust away frolll Ihe operalor. The sides saw hlade shall be guarded by a homl curved lu the III' the lower expmed purl ion or the blade shall be CUlIlllur of Ihe blade and 1Il1iunied on the lablc lop ill guardcd 10 the full diameter of Ihe blade by a device such II manner as 10 cOll1ple lely cuver the bladc whcn Ihal will aUlol11atically adjusl ilself to Ihe thickness uf iI is nol engaging Ihe malerial, stock and remain in conlacl with Ihe srock being cut. 8.2.3 Boll Equalizer, Slave, and Heading Saws (Till· 8.2.7 Self·Feed Slave and Heading Equalizer .. Saws illg Table Style) ( I ) Self·feed equalizer saw blades shall be guarded (I) All heading and slave bull equalizer saw blades with a huod guard which will cover the top and sides uf shall be guarded by hoods, curve~ to the cllntour of Ihe saw blades. The hood shall adjusl itself automati· the saWs. The houd shall cover lhe blade al least to Ihe cally tu Ihe thickness IIr. and remain in contact wilh, dcplh uf the leelh. except for Ihal purtioll actually the material heing cut. llsed illlllaking Ihe cuI. The exhaust hood shall be so (2) The homl shall be cunstructed of material suffi· arranged and maintained as to guard errectively the ciently heavy ttl serve as a hold·down device while Ihe hnltmn pmtiun of the bhldcs. slave is p~,ssing bel ween the blades. (21 Huods shall be all ached 10 each eml ur Ihe lilting (3) The pUrl lUll of Ihe saw blade exlending benealh table and shall extend fmward til cover the purtiun or the urbm shall be enclosed in an exhaust hood and be the blades which cannot be enclused by a stationary easily accessible fur changing blades. guard. (3) A 1i1l1i1 Slap shall be provided to pr~vcnl the 8.3 Staye lind Heading Planers (Single lind Double table frum coming too far back and thereby exposing Heads) , Ihe unguarded pori ion of lhe saw blades 10 contac!. 8.3.1 Guarding or Cutter Heads. The exhaust hood, (4) Hydraulically operated saws sholfld he guarded or oliler guards if IlO ex!laust system Is required, shall as Ilullined In 8.2.3 (I), he so arranged lind maintained as 10 guurd effectively

16

ulH8 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANI>ARD 01.1·1971 against accidt:ntal contact with all cUlling heads and 8.10 Guarding of Head.Charrlng Machine. All trip· knives. ping mechanisms shall be completely guarded. 8.3.2 Point or Operation ( 1) Feed mils, except for such portion as may be 8.11 Bllge.and Head·Truss Hoop Rlng·Removing necessary th admit stock, shall be completely enclosed. Machines. Guarding of horizontal and upright.type Sectional feed rolls shall be provided for heading machines shall be as rollows: planers. Effective antiklckback device should be pro· (I) Bolh eccenlrlc cams and gear works on hori1.On· vided for all heading planers, regardless of the type of tal machines shalt be guarded. feed rolls. ' (2) Combined ny wheel and gear shalt be completely (2) Pressure bars or hold·down arrangements shall enclosed. be provided to assure correct pressure and clearance at all times. 8.11 Guarding or Hoop Elevators and Conveyors. Lower sprockets and chains shall be guarded by com· 8.4 Stove Jointing Wheels. Requirements for guarding plete enclosure to a height of at least seven feel. double Independent stave jointer wheels, double jOinter stave wheels. single jointer stave wheels. and 8.13 Guarding of Barrel·Sanding Machine. Iklt sanding all kinds of keg stave jointer wheels arc as follows: machines shall be pmvided with guards at each nip ( I) Stave jointer wheels shall be covered on both point where the slillding bell runs onto a pulley. This sides with a removable metal hood connected to the guard may he il parl of the exhaust system. The unused exhausl systel11, excepl for Ihal portion where the run of the smllling belt shall be enclosed. stock is applied tll the knives. 8.14 Hoop Drivers and Trussers. Requirements for (2) A limit stop shall be provided 10 prevent allY pari of the carriage from coming in contact with any gllardin~ keg hllllpS. tin harrel huups. truss hUops. and Illoving part of the wheel. huth screw and lack and pinion·type hnop drivers arc ;IS follows: All friction pulleys shall he enclosed by a guard. A hinged gate should be pruvided for that por· 8.5 Guarding of Heading Jointer and Doweler tion of the guard covering adjustments to the frictiun Machine (Wheel) blocks. ( I) Each heading jointer shall be equipped with a removable guard covering the upper half of the 8.15 Head.Sanding Machine of the wheel, except for that portion where the stock 8.\ 5.1 Hand Sanders. I)urtahle electric hand sander.s is applied tll the knives. shall be properly grounded. (See 5.1.2 (4) Ilf this (2) The lower portion of Ihe wheel shall be guard. standard.) cd to prevent accidental cuntact with the knives. 8.1 S.2 Machine Sanders. The cxhausl hond of auto· (3) Dowel bit pulleys and belts shall be guarded. matic horizontal disk·head sanders SIHIII he so arranged as to enclosc each disk. except for. that portion neces· 8.6 Guarding of Heading Rounder. The culler head sary for. the application of the heads being finished. shall be enclosed in a hood all:lched 10 the exhaust 8.16 Hand Jointer. All horizontal hand·fed jointers system. except for that portion of the CUlling head shall comply with 6.3 of this standar.d. where the stock. is applied. 8.17 Hoop.Punching and Coiling Machine. Guarding of 8.7 Guarding of Power Windlass Machine. Windlass horizontal hoop.punching, upright hoop.punching rna· machines having counterweights shall operate with chine and colling machine shall be as follows: Miter the weights in a stationary casing. On all machines gears. spur gears, drive pulley. and pulley for coiling having a friction gear. the gear shall be properly allachment shall be guarded. guarded. 8.18 Hoop.Riveting Machine. Guarding of automatic. 8.8 Crozing Machines (Stationary Heads). Require. single. and double hoop riveters shall be as I'lllrnws:·. The balance and drive wheels shall he effectively ments fur guarding alltypcs of barrel. keg. bucket, tub. and individual stave crUi'.ers. chamfering. and guarded. doweling machines arc as follows: Feed chains and 8.19 Guarding of Hoop Flaring and Expanding Ma· sprockets shall be cOl1lplelely enclosed. chine. Gearing shall be complelely enclosed.

8.9 Guarding of Gear·Driven Headlng.Up Machines. 8.20 Bung.Boring Machine. The reamer shall be com­ Drive gears for the racks shall be cl)lnplelely guarded. pletely enclosed whcn not engaging thc wood.

17 U879 AMEKIC,\N NATIONAL Sl'ANllAKD OI.I.t97t

H.2t Hogs 9.1.2 Maintenance ( I ) I log Mills shall be so L10slgllud and arranged that (I) .Dull, bulll), 801. hnl'WI,orl)' l'IIod. ur hnlnoperl), frum no pusillun on the rim of the chute shalliho tenK/ulled ~l.Iwblude. shall hI.! IIl1ilUidlllilll)' ;(!Ii1ilYed distance tll the culler knives be less than I'urty Inches. I'mm HOfvleo bot'ufo thoy rOllult In Illlullinp IhQ mlliorial (2) lIog Feed Chutes shall be provided with suitable 10 stick, jam, or kick back when It Is fed to the saw al and approved baffles, which shall minimize material normal specd. Sawblades to which gum has adhered on from being thrown from the mill. the sides shall be cleaned before its thickness is approxi. (3) Employees feeding hog mills shall be provided mately t~o.thirds the looth set.h is strongly recom­ with safcty belts and lifelines. unless guarded. mended that users obtain and follow instructions. from the sawblade manufacturers for proper maintenance of 8.22 Blower. Collecting, and Exhaust Systems. Blower, all sawbladcs. Band saw wheels should be kept clean collecting. and exhaust systems should be designed. and fre~ frum accumulations of sal', gum. or resins. constructed and maintained in accmdance with Ameri· (2) All knives and cutting heads of woodworking can National Standard for the Installation of Blower machines shall be kept sharp. properly adjusted, and lind Exhaust Systems for Dust. 5t'lIck. and Vapor firmly secured. Cutting heads shall not generate sensible Removal or Conveying, Z33.\·\ % I, and American vibration. . National Standard Code I'or the Prevention ul'Dust (3) Mounted CUlling tuuls or culling tool arbors or Explosions in WOlldworking and Wood Fluur Manufal.'· hoi h shall be free (lr excessive lateral and radial play. turing Plants. Z 12.20·19f1:! (R I %~J), Ilearings shall have proper lubrication. 8.2J Dust 8in. All dust stm:lge hins shall bc cquipped (4) Sharpening or tensioning of Saw blades ur eu t ters willt sidc and tup \;penings fur entrance hy persunllel slllll1 be done only by persons of del11unstrated skill in when "I'unching Down" material that has arched ovcr this kind Ill' work. or /lIust be loosened. Workers required II) enler the bin ( S) Cleanliness aruund woodworking machinery is ror the above reason shall be equipped with an tn he maintained to insure proper functioning of approved airline mask assembly attached to a nxed air guards. hearings. 111010rs, lind clectrical equipment. and supply and an approved safety harness equipped with In prevenl generation of nrc hazards. spark·resistant fillings and lifeline. attended by an Clll' ployee uu tside the bin. 9.2 Selection of Machines. Tools, and Equipment 9.2.1 Machines ( 1) Work should be scheduled to avoid frequent adjuslments Ill' l11achines and altering of position of 9. Operating Prlll:liccs guards. (1) Machines shall.Jlot he used I'or work beyond the 9.1 Inspection and Maintenance slaled capacity ur usc (Iype operation) as outlined by 9.1.1 Inspection the machine l1lanufacturer. ( I ) Emphasis is placed uplIn the impmtance uf main· 9.2.2 Tooill. Nu sawhlade. cUllerhcad.llr tool collar taining systcl~latil.: inspection of all woodworking ma· shull he plal.'ed or Il1llunted on a machine arbor. unless dlincs and safety equipment tll assist in the discovery the tUlll has heen accurately sized and shaped to fit the or detectiun of developing defccts and 10 permit their arbor. prompt correction. Inspcctions to be performed by a 9.2.3 Equipment and Accessories plant safety engineer, forcman. or supervisur. Inspec· ( I) Adequate lighting In the work area shall be pro. tion shall dctermine that safety equipllloot is in work· vided. (See American National Standard Practice for ing condition and in place. that noise/time exposure Industrial Lighting, Al 1.1·1965 (RI970). levels arc within allowable lilllits. that the machine (2) Only accessories (or allachmcnts) of the type uperator is properly trained in sare operating proce· recommended by the machine manufacturer for use on dures of Ihe equipment. and Ihal Ihe operator and the machine shall be employed. 111:ll.'hine are equipped with the sarety aCI.'cssories suit· able for the hat-ards of the operation. 9.3 Operation or Machines, ToolN, Dnd Equipment (1) Each machinc is 10 bc inspected al least every 9.3.1 General. Machine shall not be operated unless six munths. and a (rugged) lag or card afnxed to the all guards arc in place and in working order. ' machine. It shall contain a minimum uf the follOWing: 9.3.2 Circular Saws machine number, inspection date. periud ur validity, ( I) Cracked sawblades shall be removed from service and Signature or a qualified person familiar with the and shall not ·be usea until they have been inspected mal.'hincry. and repaired by a skilled sawsm!th. If a skilled saw-

18 u880 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 01.1·1971 smith is not available, sawblades should be returned 9.4 Personal Protective Equipment to the manufacturer for welding, slotting or tensioning 9.4.1 ClothIng. Sce A9.4.1 of the Appendl". as required for safe operating speed and service. 9.4.2 Eye and Face Protection. Eye and Facc Pro· (2) Sawblade teeth must have sufncient clearance tection, in accordance with AmerIcan National Stan· (set or hollow ground) to prevent burning. dard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye (3) The sawblade .hall be balanced or tensioned or and Face Protecllon, Z81.1·1968, shall be provided both to avoid sensible vibration and cracking and to be where there is a reasonable probability of injury that stable throughout the design speed range. can be prevented by such protection. In such cases. (4) The practice of Inserting wedges between the employers or educational authorities shall make con· sawblade and the collar to form what Is commonly veniently available suitable protectors (devices). and known as a wobble saw shall not be permitted. employees or students shall use such protectors. (5) Push sticks or push blocks shall be provided at the work place in several sizes and types suitable for 9.5 Occupational Noise Exposure. Protection against the work to be done. the effects of noise exposure shall be proVided when 9.3.3 Band Saws the soundtlevels exceed the latest state or federal regu­ (I) Before starling a band saw machine not equipped lations or both and any American National Standards with a tension indicator. the blade shall be tested for pertaining to noise requirements. proper tension. (2) Back thrust shall be adjusted to the normal posi. 9.6 Respiratory Protection. (See Section 7 of American tion of the saw blade. National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection, (3) To secure satisfactory operation. means should Z88.2.1969.) In the control of those occupational be provided for preventing the accumulation of dust on diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with the rim of band wheels. harmful dust, (ogs. fumes. mists, gases, smokes. sprays. (4) Using a small saw for large work or forcing a or vapors. the primary object shall be to prevent atmos· wide saw to cut on a small radius is poor practice. The pherlc contamination. This shall be accomplished as far saw blade should in all cases be as large as the nature of as feasible by accepted engineering control measures the work will permit. (ror example. enclosure or confinement of the opera­ (5) Saws should not be stopped too quickly. or by tion. general and local ventilation. and substitution of thrusting a piece of wv<'ld ap,ai"o:t Ihe cu Bing edge of less toxic materials). When effective engineering con· the teeth when the power is off. trois arc not feasible. or while they arc being instituted. (6) To avoid vibration. brazed joints sha~l be the appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the same thickness as the saw blade. following requirements: (7) Band saw blades shall be periodically examined (I) Respirators shall be provided by the employer to avoid use of cracked blades or blades which indicate when such equipmellt is necessary to protect the health probability of breakage. ' of the employee. (2) The employer shall provide the respirators which 9.3.4 Jointers (I) The hazard of jOinting pieces which arc too arc applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. short is excessive. Minimum length of the piece jointed (3) There shall be regular inspection and evalulltion should be not less than four times the width of the bed to determine the continued effectiveness of the opening. Neither half of the jointer table shall be program. adjusted horl7.0ntally so that the clearance between the 9.7 Selection and Training of Operators. Before a work· edge of the table and the revolving knives is more than man is permilled to operate any woodworking machine. 1/4 inch. The knife blade shall be so installed and he shall receive Instructions in the hazards of the mao adjusted that it does not protrude more than 1/8 inch chine and the safe method of its operation. Refer to beyond the cylindrical body of the head. Push sticks or A9.7 of the Appendix. push blocks shall be provided at the work place in the several sizes and types suitable for the work to be done. (2) Except for rabbeting operations. a guard shall cover the unused portion of the cutter head on the 10. Revision of American National Standards working side of the fence (guard shall be checked Referred to in This Documcn t regularly for proper operation). The unused portion of the cutler head behind the fence shall be appropriately When the standards referred to in this document are guarded. superseded by a revision approved by the American 9.3.5 Lathes. See A9J.S of the Appendix. National Standards Institute. the revision shall apply.

19

.. d r\ 1 , .

Appendix CThl~ ApJ'I!ndlll 15 not a part of Anlllrican Nalinna' Standllrd Sal'l!ly Rl!lllIlrllmenl_I'or Woodwurklng Machin· ery, 01.1·1971. but is included for informatiun purpo~~ only ••

The sect;ollS and subsectiom of this Appe"dlx are III,mOOred to c(J"espOlld with those o/the standard. Since appendix maler;al',as "ot been prollided for ellery item of Ihe standard. the nllmbering of this Appendix i.f noncrmsec:lltille.

Al. Definilions perhaps 25 percent of all avoidable accidents in the country, Too much light is often as bad as insufficient Push hluc:ks shuuld be al leasl 3/H.inch thick, if made iJlurninution. • (If hardwood. or 3/4·inch thick. if made of suftwood. American National Standard Practice tor Industrial Wherever space permits. Ihe block should be alleast Lighting. AI' .1·1965 (R I(70). gives values of intensl· 10 inches hy 6 inches so as 10 give prolection to the tics. It is also important that proper attention be given hand pushing down on th" work, to the maintenance (If all lighting eqUipment. for example. cI.eaning and adjustment of reflectors. Dust A4.1 Machinc Layout (Iccumulated on the lamp bulbs quickly cuts down the Operator Space. In order to give c:lch llperalur suffi· inlensily (If t he light. Makeshifl renectors, or those dl'nt space in which III handle the material with the whuse ad.iusllllent has been impaired. have a lendency h:asl possihle inlerference from ur tl.lother workmen 10 spuilthe efficiency uf any carefully worked out IJr IIl(H:hines. il is suggesled 111011 Ihe rollowing comli· Jighiing system. Hecenl investjgalions indicate Ihat the lions hc m;lilllained: color (If ceilings. walls. noors, and equipment has a ( I) For rip ami crosscut bench ur lable saws. the definite bearing on Ihe absorption of light and Ihe minimul1l dislance or clearancc on cach working side :II1IOunt of energy required for Ihe seeing task. In gen· Ill' the saw table shuuld be equal In three feet more eral, it is suggested Ihat preference be given to culors than Ihe lungesllIlalerial halidled. which ahsurb less light and that important or danger· In a production shop which uses jigs alld fixtures. ous parts (If equipment be in a cnntrasting color in dcfinile space eilher at the saw or in a storeroom urder thai they will be seen easily. shuuld be pruvided fur sioring these fixlures. 1\4.2.2 Nonslip Floors. Suggestions for treatment of It is alsll important in the location (If a rip saw III he smuoth slippery noors about woodworking machines: sun: Ihat nil uther cmpluyee is regularly working in line ( I) Paint the Ilour with glue or paint and throw on with the saw where he might be hil by material in case sharp sand or abrasive grains and. after Ihe glue or of a kickback. If it is necessary til locale a Illu.chine in paint has set. remove the material which docs not such a pusitiun. a heavy lUetal or plank harrkade adhere. should be erecled 11l1,mlect the workman. (2) Some manufacturers now make n paint which (~) For band saws, the minimum distance ur clear· includes an abrasive. making it nonslip. ance on three sides of the lable should be equal to a (3) If a nonslip platform,mat. or other nonslip drcle wilh the puint uf operation of Ihe saw blade as a malerial is placed aboul Ihe machine, the edges should center and a radiUS equal 10 Iwice the diameter Ill' the be beveled to not more than 1/8·inch high atlhe point band wheels. or edge of the bevel, or Ihe noor should be recessed so (J) FlIT jointers. Ihe minimum distance ur clearance that the material will be flush with the floor. Excellent should be at·least three feet greater Ihan the length of maintenance tn avuid tripping hazards Is essential. Ihe lungest material worked un the machine. (4) Woud chips and sawdust, particularly on top of (4) Fur shapers. Ihe minimum distance or c\earunce a wouden 110m. may in themselves cause a slipping or a should be at leaSI three feet greater than the lungest tripping hazard. The continued rubbing or sliding of dimension or the material worked Oil the machine. 1\ is chips and sawdust over a wooden noor may also cause vilally important to buth safelY and productiun tll the noor itsclr 10 become very smooth and slippery. protect shaper operalors ffllm interference. To this end. 1\ is Iherefure important that proviSions should be shaper lIlachines should be so scI Ihal the operalor . made for collecting chips or sawdust so that they will fm;es Ihe aisle and is protected al the h:lck by a partl' nut get on Ihe 110m. or the noors should be thoroughly Iion or railing. Lighting. Proper lighting is of vital importance. II is cleaned al frequent periods. ,I widespread helier anlung men experienced in ucddent· AS, I Machine Construction, Drive. Feed. Speed, and prcwnliol1 worK Ihal improper IighI il1j.\ is a factor in Control. In order tu attain the safest and Illost efficient

'(1 1)~82 API'ENDIX opcralion. the proper type oj' saw blade should be used mounting will fll all possible conditions. For efficiency for plastics. plyw(}ods and synthetic boards. and serviceability of the guard, mountings arc recom· AS.1.I Mnchlne Conslrucllon. For maximum effi· mended"ln the following order: ciency. it is recommended that for operators of average (J) Huod mounted on spreader at tached to thmat stature. the height of the table or pOint of operation piece (throat piece should be locked in position) above the noor for various machines be approximately (2) Other spreaders attached 10 framc. carriage or as shown in Table A I. table Whenever machines arc used by persons of other (3) Arm mounting attached to table or frame than average stature, sultuble adjustments should be (4) Cellins. side·suspension, m noor·stand mount· made In the heights speclOed In Table A I. ings should be used only when other Iypes of moun ling are impractical Table AI Recommended Above·Floor Height Discussion of Mountings for Table or Point of Opera lion (I) If the hood is mounled on spreader. it can be used even if IlHllerial being cut extends heyond Ihe Mudlinl' lIeillhl sides of the saw table. b\1I this mounting is nnt practi· cal for grOOVing. dadoing. or rahbeting operations, ('ill'ulal S:IWS Olalll.l fed) :It. inches (2) If the hood is mounled Oil an arm allached III {,ir~ulal Saw~ (I'"wel fedl 32lnchc5 Band 5aw5 4b indlcs the side of the tublc. il can be used on 1110st grooving. ShupI!l% 3& Inche~ dadOing and rahheling operations. \)UI Ihis arm will Joinlen 33 InchcK restrict Ihe siZl' of work thilt can he Cllt un that side Lalhclo 4t inchc~ Sandcl~ 36 inchc5 of Ihe table. "-adial Arlll Saw5 39 inchc~ (3) The design aOlI quality of malerial used will alsu affect the alllullnt IIf supervision nceded tu be sure that NOTE: Ilc1llhb arc Iccllml1lcndcd by Ihe fllllowlnll: the guards are properly used. Attachments shuuld be DAMON. A.; STOUI>1'. II. W.: and McFA"-LAND. It. A. rill' such Ihill it is easy 10 allach the mounting the right Human 80d,v ill Jo:quilJIllf'1I1 DeSQt,II. Cambridl!l'. Massuchu~II~: way m in the tight pushion. but, at the same lime, Harvard Unive/silY !',CU. 1966. MORGAN. Co T.: com:. J, S.; (,IIAt'ANIS. A.: lind l.UNI>. difficult or il1lp()~sible to attach it the wrong way or M. W. lIumall /:'/lxillrrrinK Gllidr 10 /:'qlli/JIIlrlll /)r:siKII. New out of line with the saw. If counlerweights arc lIsed 10 Vork: McGra ..... ·lliII Uuuk COlnlluny. Itw. 1%3. make it easier I'm Ihe workman to lift Ihe huod. then A5.1.5 Speeds. III the absence uf specifications by the exira supervisillll Illay he requircdtll see thai the saw blade manufacturer. Table A2 shows revolutions counterweight is nlll illlered or adjusted to keep thl: per minute fur various speeds of saws when the periph. hood in a rilised position al illI tillles. eral speed is J 2 000 feet per minule. (4) II will be an alhleJ advantage in sOllie uperations if the huod and l1l11untillg can be designed so that the Table A2 hood will prevent the malerial being cui from being Saw Speeds at 12 000 Peripheral fllmin r:lised off Ihe table by Ihe upward force or Ihe saw in case uf pinchinG or binding befme material rellches the I)iurnel",r 1(lIIin spreader. II inches 5729 (5) for tilling·arbor or 1lIllng·lllble saws, the hnod 9 inchcK S(J93 should be moun led un Ihe saw framc or carriage so 10 illchc~ <1511<1 that the hUl)d will remuin in linc with the saw when ]1120 121nchcs the saw or table is tilled lit an angle. 1<1 illChcK 3274 16 inches 2865 (b) For multiple saws such as equilli1.cr saws, hoods 111 inch,'~ 2546 should be moun Ie!! so Ihal they will be adjusted to 20 in~hl!s 2292 22 inches 2083 true alignmcnt with the saw whenever the lucatiun of 24 illl'he, 1910 the saw is changed. When these machines lire provided 2b inches 1763 with individuall1lolors for each saw. the hood should 28 indIes 16)7 be mounted to the same frame as the 1110tor Sl) thaI il 30 tnche~ 15211 will automatically mllve with each new locatiun of the saw. A6.1.2 Hand.Fed Rip Saws Circular·Saw Spreaders. Each spreader should he Sll Circular.Saw Hood Mountings. Saws are used for so shaped on the side loward the saw thllt it will follow many operations that it is doubtful if anyone type Ill' the curve of Ihe saw uppruximately and shuuld be 1101

21 0883 AI'I'I'.NDlX

less Ihall .1., /2 inches wide III Ih.: lev'" of 1111: luhle. In SI,c:cllll CUlIsldllfOtlUI1 shuuld b~ Blyen In Iho uso nf slime special cases. Ihis widlh cannol be nhlalnetJ. hUI ,jigs ur I'lxlurcH whcn CUlling Irrcgullir pICCOli ur obllelull il shlluld be tllIl less Ihall 2 inches. angles. A special application nf this prinCiple _Is Ihe jig The value or a spreader depends (In ils Illcalion fur culling wedges and pointing Slakes. direclly hehind Ihe saw. If a saw machine is regularly A6.1.9 Radial Saws used wilh :1 S:IW hlade smaller Ihan Ihe maximum size Blade Coasting after Power Shutoff. It Is recom­ permissible Oil Ihe machine. seriuus cUlIsideraliun mended Ihal a braking device 10 stop coasling or a shuuld be given 10 Ihe possihility uf lucating Ihe­ warning signal to indicate Ihal Ihe blade is slm in of "I' spreader within 1/1 inch the clearance the saw motion be provided. The practice of slopping blade blade regularly used on Ihe machine. even thuugh this rolation by placing II plcce of wood against Ihe would require moving the spreader if the machine were rotaling b,lade should be prohibited. to be used for the maximum si1.e saw. The design of the spread.:r mounling shuuld provide A6.6.1 Guarding of CuUing H~ads for case in aUaching Ihe spreader ill the currect IOC(ltilln Shapers and should make it diff1cult (If impossihle til mount Ihe (I) Knife blades and collars (or shaper heads should spreader in all IIlcnrrecl ur d(\np.efllll~ posit iUI\. he precision ground so as III give uniform pressu~c on For llper:llillns which dll 11111 perlllil Ihe usc "f a all knife blades and keep Ihem from Oying oul while spreader. serious wnsiueralillll shlluhl he givcn II) Ihe Ihe lIlachine is in muliun. lis\" of jigs IIr IhuHl's I" Imld Ihl' work SII Ihal Ihl' (:!) It is reclllllmendeu Ihal collars he provided with h;lllds or Ihl' IIpl.'ra lor arc rl.'II\11wd OIl Il'asl 12 illches "slIlp-pini\" :lIld thai knife blades have a recess CUi in 1""1\1 Ihl.' puint IIf oper:llillll_ II spfl'ader mounted on thelll fur thl.' pin. Serra led collars and knives arc an the saw arbor frame. and 1111 hi~hcr than thl' saw leeth. al:,epleu alternate. This is an added precautiun to keep lIIay he used to gllod auv:ll1la!!e III ,I.'rlaill t111l'ratillns. the hlades from Oying out. sUt.:h ;IS gfllllving. (.1) Allenlio" is called 10 Ihe deSirability of incorpo· Cireular·Saw Anlikickbllck Ilevkes. Kkkha~ks 1111 rating :.In aUllll1l:lIic brake in order tu Slop the reYolv. rip saws arc usually cillised hy IIlle IIf the follOWing: ing heads as suon as possihle after the puwer is shUI off. ( I) failure hI provide sprcaJI.'r A9.3.5 Lathes (.2) Improperly cIIIHJitioned saw. allowing lIIaterial (I) Parlieular care should be laken lu have all male· 10 pinch Oil saw and risc from Ihl' 1:lhle rial f:lslelled '" fuccplates or held properly between (3) Improper alignlllenl of gage or fence cI.'nlcrs. (4) Illlpruperty cIIIIIJilillllellllr twisted·gmin IlIlIIber (~) Wmk 8h:111 be perfmmed on the lathe within the (5) Illlpfllper design IH Illllullling of :llllikickback size capacity and speed runges recul11l11ended by the devkes. llI:11ll1faclurer. Sllllle 11111 ikickback devices arc SII designe\1 as III be (3) Rlllale workpiece by hand to check clearance very effective fur une thickness (If materiul but have before engaging power. very lillie holding power wh~'n IIsed un eilher much (4) Oefore perfnrl11ing faceplale turning. rough out thil!kef IIf milch thinner n\:lleria!. Olher anlikickhack workpiece to obtain rough balancing on a band saw or devices haVl.' very gllod Imlding power but are so 10' uther machine. cated Ihat they do not cnlllC in cuntact wilh the male· rial when il is in PUSilill1l 10 be Ihruwn upward by Ihe A9.4 Personal Prolective Equipment saw. Where fingers or dugs arc used as lin anlikickback 9.4.1 Clothing device Ihey should be mainlained in a shurp condition. ( I) Whefe the wearing (If gluves creales a possible hazard. Ihey shall nol be worn. A6.1.3 Hand·Fed Crosscut Table Saws (Including (2) Lung hair shall be conlined. Trimmer Saws) (J) Loose no wing garmenls, sleeves, neckties, etc. Filler Piece. In order 10 IISC Ihe hond guard effec· offer a decided accidenl ha1.ard :lnd shall nut be worn lively nn circular rip saws when culling narruw sirips, a by operalors of machines. filler piece should be IIscd. This should be lIlade or (4) Where there is a danger of kickback from any wmid ahoul :! inches wide. II should he ahuuI 3/4 inch "penlliun. antikickback upruns shall be provided and thick. or slighlly thinner Ihal1 I-he Iltkkncss of Ihe worn. material heing I!UI. It should he provided wilh cleats or (5) Where Ihere is dunger frum flying or falling hrackels al the ends. SII Ihal il will eilher fir down over malerial. hard hUls shall he provided and worn. the front and hack ends of Ihe Ilible or C:1I1 he quickly (6) Where Ihere is danger of materials falling un the allached tu the fence or gage. worker's feCI. safelY shoes Shllliid be required.

OB84 AI'PENI>IX

A9.S Occuplliional Noilie EXI,oHure. Sec Tahle A-'. I)cr· IIIII.:hlne. Follllw avallahlc Ill'crullng IIIBtrUlJlllIllII anti J1tlssihk' Noise Exposurcs. ~:lfely rulc~ carefully. . (2) Keel' wmkill!l, area c1eul\ and be slIre "de4uale Table A3 lighling is availablc. Permis.~ible Noise Exposures (.') Do not wcar IOllse clothing, glovcs, bra.:c1ets, necklaces, or ormlmcnls, Wear face. eye. car, respira. Ouralion per Day SlllInd'Lcvcl tory, anu hody protection devices, as illdh:alcd for the' \IIoun) h!lll" 1*' operation or environl11ent. K I)() (4) Do nol lise ClI II ing lOols larger or heavier than fo 92 the machinc is dcsigned III accol\\modate. Nevcr oper· 4, lJ5 ale a cUlIillg toul al greatcr speed thall recommended. .' 97 2 1(1(1 (5) Keep h:mds well :lW:IY frulll sawhlades and othcr 1·1 i 2 \02 clllling luuls. Usc a Pllsh stll.:k or pllsh hlnck to huld I 105 01' p.uide the work when wurking .:lOS!! III CUlling \(In\. I/~ IIU 1/4 llr Ic,' lIS (M When!!ver possihle, usc properly lo.:ked clamps, IlJ' _. . ., jig, vise Itl hold the work . (7) C1I1I\hs (fealher hnards) sh:11I be pruvidcd for usc ·Sllllild I~wl JIIC3,urctl III1,h.' 1\ \\d~h'il1~ ,,· .. Ie uJ' a s,III1,,1 . Icvclm,',cr I1lcl'1il1l! 'he rC'IlIin'U1Cl1h "I' ,\lIIl'ril-;m N.. ,jllual whcn all applic:lhle gllmd c:lllnot he uscd . SHl1lllald S \.4.' '111. (XI Never sland dire':lly In line with a hurizontally rolal ing cull iug tUII\' This is part icularly trlle whcn nrst When cmployces :IfC suhjeclcu 10 sllUIlU exceeuing starling 1I new lOlli, or .. ncw loul ili illitiuJly installed t huse lilllits in Tablc 'd, feasible auministrulivc m Oil I he arhllr. engincerinp. conlrols shall he IIliIi1.l'(1. (I)) Be surl' Ihe power is uis':lInnccted from Ihc Ifsuch cIIIlImls f:lillo rcducl' :\l1l1nd levels wilhin machinc before t01l1s arc serviced, Ihe leyels of Tahle AJ, pClsonal Pl'olcCliYC equipmcnt (10) Nevcr leavl' Ihe lIlaehinl' wilh Ihe power Oil. shall hc pruvided and used 10 rctlu.:e sl1lll1t1lewls III) Be \losilivc that hold·downs and unlikickback wilhin Ihe lewIs of T:lhle AJ. devices arc positioned properly. :and Ihal the wnrk In all C:llieS wherc the sllllntllcvcls c.\(ceed IIll' val lies piece is heing fed thrnugh Ihe l'ulIing 10111 in Ihe right shown ill Tahle A3, a cUlltillllin\!, cffeclive hearing C\1Il· Jil'l'r! illn. v,'rsalion prop.ra/ll shall he administercd. 112 I Dllnllt usc a lIull, gU\1Imy, bellI. lIT .:m.:ked CUllin!! IIIII\. '\9.7 Sclel,tiun lind Training IIf Operalllrs lUI Ill' surl' Ihal keys ami adjusling wren.:hcs have Operation of Machines, Tools, lind Equi\ll\\cnt .. been remuved hefon: turning powcr on, General (14) Usc '1Il1~' :Iccessmies designed I'm the nHlehinc. II I Lc:lrn the machine's "pplic:lIilllls and Iimit:11 illns, ( 15) Aujllsi Ihe mach inc for minimll111 cxposure of :lS well as Ihe spccifh: polenli:ll ha1.allls pe':lIli"r III this clIlling loulncccssary lu perfurm the upcraliun.

'.

0885

C)

o

o American National Standards

The slandard in Ihis booklel is ane of neorly 4,000 slandards approved 10 dale by the American National Standards Institute, formerly the USA Standards In­ slitute.

The Standards Institute provides the machinery for creating voluntary stan­ dards. It serves to eliminate duplication of standards activities and to weld con­ Oicting sto,ndards into single. nationally accepted standards under the designa­ lion "American Nalional Slandards." Each slandard represenh general agreement among maker. seller. and user groups 05 to the besl current practice with regard 10 some specific problem. Thus the completcd standards cut acron the whole fabric of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. American Nalionol Standards. by reason of Institute procedures. reflect a notional consensus of manufacturers, consumers, and scientific, technical, and professional organizations(Oc:Id governmental agen­ cies. The c.;)mpleted standards are used widely by industry and commerce and ohen by municipal, state, and federal governments. . The Standards Inslilute, under whose auspices this work is being done. is Ihe United States clearinghouse and coordinating body far standards. activity an the. national level. It is a federatian of Irade associations. technical societies, profes­ sional groups, and consumer organizations. Some 1.000 companies. are affiliated with the Ins.tilute as company members. The American National Standards Institule is the United States member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). the International Electro. technical Commission (lEC). and the Pan American Standards Commisslan (COPANT). Through these channels American industry makes its pasition felt on the international level. American Notional Standards are an file in the libraries of the nolional standards bodies of mare than 50 counlriu. For a free list of all American National Standards, wrile:

American National Standards Institute, Inc 1430 Broadway New York, N. Y. 100\8

OtS86