Пространственная Метафора В A. R Ostovtsev
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Anti-Marriage” in Ancient Georgian Society
“Anti-marriage” in ancient Georgian society. KEVIN TUITE, UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL ABSTRACT One of the more striking features of the traditional cultures of the northeastern Georgian provinces of Pshavi and Xevsureti, is the premarital relationship known as c’ac’loba (Pshavi) or sc’orproba (Xevsureti). This relationship was formed between young women and men from the same community, including close relatives. It had a strong emotional, even intimate, component, yet it was not to result in either marriage or the birth of a child. Either outcome would have been considered incestuous. In this paper I will demonstrate that the Svans, who speak a Kartvelian language distantly related to Georgian, preserve a structurally-comparable ritual the designation of which — ch’æch’-il-ær — is formed from a root cognate with that of c’ac’-l-oba. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the Svan and Pshav-Xevsurian practices in the context of traditional Georgian beliefs concerning marriage and relationships between “in-groups” and “out-groups”, I will propose a reconstruction of the significance of *c´’ac´’-al- “anti-marriage” in prehistoric Kartvelian social thought. 0. INTRODUCTION. For over a century, specialists in the study of Indo-European linguistics and history have examined the vocabulary of kinship and alliance of the IE languages for evidence of the familial and social organization of the ancestral speech community (e.g., Benveniste 1969; Friedrich 1966; Bremmer 1976; Szemerényi 1977). The three indigenous language families of the Caucasus have received far less attention in this regard; comparatively few studies have been made of the kinship vocabularies of the Northwest, Northeast or South Caucasian families, save for the inclusion of such terms in etymological dictionaries or inventories of basic lexical items (Shagirov 1977; Klimov 1964; Fähnrich and Sardshweladse 1995; Xajdakov 1973; Kibrik and Kodzasov 1990). -
The Consonant Phonotactics of Georgian
The Consonant Phonotactics of Georgian Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6006 3512 JK Utrecht fax: +31 30 253 6000 The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] http://www.let.uu.nl/lot/ Cover illustration: The oldest specimen of Georgian writing, found in the Bolnisi Sioni Temple (5th century). ISBN 90-76864-24-1 NUGI 941 Copyright © 2002 by Marika Butskhrikidze. All rights reserved. The Consonant Phonotactics of Georgian PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Dr. D.D. Breimer, hoogleraar in de faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen en die der Geneeskunde, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 6 november 2002 te klokke 16.15 uur door Marika Butskhrikidze geboren te Tbilisi (Georgië) in 1971 Promotiecommissie promotores: Prof. dr. C.J. Ewen Prof. dr. H.G. van der Hulst (University of Connecticut) co-promotor: Dr. J.M. van de Weijer referent: Prof. dr. E.V. Hume (Ohio State University) overige leden: Prof. dr. V.J. van Heuven Dr. H.J. Smeets YX=5YQL&HPVP6REOHEV [To my parents] Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................... xi Abbreviations and Symbols .......................................................... xiii 1 Preliminaries ....................................................................... 1 1.0. Introduction: the ‘problem’ ............................................................................... 1 1.1. Ontological premises ....................................................................................... -
Georgian a Learner's Grammar
Georgian A Learner’s Grammar Second Edition This new edition of Georgian: A Learner’s Grammar is a completely revised and updated guide to the fascinating and most widely spoken language of the Caucasus. This Grammar presents the language in the form of grammatical descriptions supplemented with dialogues and reading passages. Full attention is given to script reproduction and recognition, pronunciation, lexis and individual points of grammar. There is also a varied and extensive range of exercise work. Features of this new edition include: • Highlighting of verbal roots throughout the grammatical sections and vocabularies • Some extra exercises for practice of verb forms • Use of the new Georgian currency • Examples of Georgian literature, both poetry and prose, each with its own self-contained vocabulary. This new edition provides a key to the exercises, Georgian–English vocabu- lary lists and a glossary of grammatical terms. George Hewitt is Professor of Caucasian languages at SOAS, London University, and has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 1997. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7111 Georgian 8 9 1011 1 2 A Learner’s Grammar 3111 4 5 6 7 Second Edition 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 George Hewitt 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 First published 1996 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Second edition published 2005 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 1996, 2005 George Hewitt This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. -
The Consonant Phonotactics of Georgian The
63 Marika Butskhrikidze Marika Butskhrikidze Marika Butskhrikidze The Consonant Phonotactics The Consonant Phonotactics of Georgian of Georgian The central topic of this thesis is the study of Georgian consonant sequences, e.g. forms of the CCC type. It demonstrates that the complexity of the Georgian consonant clusters is related to morphological complexity and to processes of vowel reduction and complex segment formation. Thus, the Georgian ‘complex’ CCC sequences are derived from structures of the CVCVCV type. The Consonant Phonotactics of Georgian For the representation of the consonant phonotactics of Georgian, a phono- logical hierarchy is introduced in which the stem domain is intermediate between the segment and the word domain. It is proposed that a number of phonological principles, the Obligatory Contour Principle, the Sonority Sequencing Principle, the Syllable Contact Law and the Principle of Resolvability are instantiations of a single principle, the Balancing Principle. They govern the consonant co-occurrence restrictions and function at the stem or the word domain, depending on the language type. The hypothesis that a language which has CiCj clusters will also have CiVCj stems is proposed and verified on the basis of Georgian data. This relates to the claim that Georgian clusters are maximally biconsonantal. The Gradual Consonant Analysis, based on different types of evidence - (i) paradigmatic and syntagmatic, (ii) historical, (iii) phonetic and (iv) compar- ative - provides a direct and clear link between empirical structures and theo- retical constructs, and explains why consonants form complex structures in Georgian. This book is of interest to linguists studying phonotactics, phonetics, the phonology-morphology interface and Georgian.