PARTHENIA Rosamund Morley, treble viol Lawrence Lipnik, tenor viol Beverly Au, bass viol Lisa Terry, bass viol with Ryland Angel, tenor Charles Weaver, vihuela and lute

A Hapsburg Songbook

La dama le demanda Antonio de Cabezón (1510-1566)

La mañana de San Juan Diego Pisador (c. 1559- after 1557) Dexó del mundo Francisco Guerrero (1528-1599)

Dezilde al caballero (c.1495-c.1560) Diferencias sobre el canto llano del Caballero Cabezón

Pater noster Guerrero Corten espadas afiladas Anon. Cancionero de Medinaceli (mid. 16th c.)

Mille regretz Josquin des Prés (c.1450-1541) Response: Les miens aussi brief Tielman Susato (c.1510-c.1570) La cancion del Emperador (Mille regretz) Luis de Narváez (1500-1555)

[Vidit Jacob scalam (1505-1557)]

Tiento de Batalla Attrib. Sebastian Aguilera de Heredia (1561-1627)

Intermission

A la Bataglia (1450-1517)

Lust hab ich gehabt Ludwig Senfl (c.1486-1543)

Der Hund (Ryland solo) Anon. 16th c. Der Hund Isaac

O quam gloriosam Jacobus Vaet (c. 1529-1567) De profundis clamavi Senfl

Tandernaken Senfl

Ach Elslein, liebes Elselein mein Senfl Elslein, liebes Elslein Hans Neusidler (1508-1563)

Ich weiss nit, was er ihr verhiess Senfl

October 17, 2015, 8pm Church of Saint Luke in the Field NOTES ON THE PROGRAM

“The Emperor understood music, felt and Cabezón was brought to court as early as 1526 tasted its charms; the friars often discovered to be Isabella’s personal musician, and lived all him behind the door, as he sat in his own his life as an esteemed employee of the royal apartment near the high altar, beating time and family. singing in part with the performers.” So wrote All of Cabezón’s keyboard works, although the biographer of Charles V (1500–1558), Duke worked out meticulously in four-part of Burgundy, King of Castile and Aragon, King counterpoint, were published in organ of Naples, Count of Hainault and Flanders, tablature, by Henestrosa in 1557 and by his Duke of Guelders, Holy Roman Emperor, and own son Hernando, another valued royal bearer of fifteen more titles, describing the organist, in 1578. It is the rigor of Cabezón’s Emperor’s retirement at the monastery of compositional technique that makes it possible Yuste. But Charles’s musical abilities and tastes to transcribe exactly the four voices of his were not exceptional among members of the tablatures for chamber ensemble. He traveled Habsburg family; for over a century they were widely with King Philip’s retinue to , not just connoisseurs, but often singers and , Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and instrumentalists in their own right. England (where it is likely he met William Sorting out the powers, residences, and Byrd), meeting with Europe’s foremost relationships of the vast and enduring House musicians and entabulating many of their of Habsburg (1273–1916) is a daunting works. enterprise, not the least because their titles are Spain’s answer to the lute of the Italians was so misleading: Margaret of Austria, for the vihuela da mano, and Spanish vihuelist instance, spoke French, ruled the Netherlands, Luis de Narváez reached international fame, and hardly ever set foot in Austria; the having traveled to Italy and northern Europe supreme rulers of Germany from 1273 were and seen his music published in Paris and always called Kings of the Romans; the King of Louvain. Musician to the Emperor’s secretary Bohemia and Hungary had his seat in Vienna; and later music tutor to the children of Philip and it was extremely rare for any Holy Roman II, he published all his known works in one Emperor – an elected post but necessarily held volume in 1538, Los seys libros del delphín. by a Habsburg – to show his face in Rome. Among the variations and fantasias therein is Charles himself was King of Spain for fifteen “The Song of the Emperor,” a fantasia-like years before he actually moved there from his setting of Josquin’s four-voice “Mille home in Brussels. regretz” (to which Tylman Susato wrote his Charles V (with his sister Mary of Hungary) “response” much later). It surely deserved to was brought up and had his education be Charles’s favorite song: the great Josquin provided for by his aunt, Margaret of Austria had appeared before Charles on the occasion of (1480–1530), who made her home in Mechelen, his coronation in 1520 and presented him with halfway between Brussels and . She a collection of and , “Mille was arguably the most accomplished musician regretz” undoubtedly among them. of the Habsburg family, a singer, a fine The “canto llano del Caballero,” despite its keyboard player, and probably a composer. designation in the title of Cabezón’s variations, She was regent of the Netherlands and is not a “plainsong” at all, but a popular guardian of the future Emperor by virtue of romance, or “story,” with roots in folk tradition. the early death in 1506 of her brother, Philip Essentially a simple melody of only two the Handsome (a glance at his portrait will phrases, it would be repeated many times over disappoint you), and the suppression of his in the singing of a sort of epic ballad in Queen, Joanna the Mad. unrhymed couplets: “By night they murdered The court chapel of Flemish musicians – him, the knight, the glory of Medina, the initially including such lights as de Orto, flower of Olvera.” This tune, like other Gombert, and Crecquillon – that Charles romances, was made good use of by sixteenth- brought with him to Madrid in 1531 was century Spanish composers, among whom preserved and refreshed for generations. In Gombert – as part of the Flemish chapel in supplement, however, a separate Spanish Spain – must be counted. chapel was founded for the use of Queen It was Maximilian, King of the Romans from Isabella (“of Portugal”) and Philip the Infante, 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 who would become regent of Spain in 1543 until his death in 1519, who consolidated the and King Philip II upon Charles’s retirement in power of the Habsburgs in most of Europe by 1556. The great blind organist Antonio de marrying Margaret’s mother, Mary of Burgundy in 1477. (It was he also who Maximilian (1512–1519), singing and playing instituted the policy of intermarriage among their lutes, viols, flutes, , drums, the Habsburgs in order not to dilute their organs, shawms, and krummhorns. political power – a practice that would prove Hans Neusidler was a Nuremburg lutenist and their demise.) Maximilian had engaged lute maker who published eight books of Heinrich Isaac in 1492, naming him court entabulated lute music between 1536 and 1549. composer five years later; Ludwig Senfl They are eclectic compendia of French arrived in Vienna as a choirboy in 1496, and chansons, Italian madrigals, German Lieder, succeeded Isaac as Hofkomponist. Senfl can be motets, French and Italian dances, and free- spotted among the musicians of the court in form improvisatory preludes. Hans Burgkmair’s celebrated series of ~ Lucy E. Cross woodcuts The Triumphal Procession of

TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS

La mañana de Sant Juan On the morning of St. John's Day, al tiempo que alboreaba, just as dawn were breaking, gran fiesta hacen los moros, the Moors celebrate a great feast por la vega de Granada. on the plains of Granada.

Revolviendo sus caballos, Turning their horses jugando van de las lanzas, and jousting with lances, ricos pendones en ellas, carrying rich pennants, labrados por sus amadas, embroidered by their lovers, ricas aljubas vestidas, wearing rich garments de oro y seda labradas. worked from gold and silk.

El moro que amores tiene, The moors who were in love allí bien se señalaba, showed it clearly, y el moro que no los tiene, and the Moor who was not, de tenerlos procuraba, tried to be in love, mirando las damas moras looking at the Moorish ladies. desde las torres de Alhambra, From the towers of the Alhambra, entre las cuales había amongst which were dos de amor muy lastimadas. two very wounded by love. La una se llama Jarifa, One is called Jarifa, la otra Fátima se llama. the other Fátima by name.

Solían ser muy amigas, They used to be great friends, aunque ahora no se hablan. though now they do not speak. Jarifa llena de celos Jarifa, full of jealousy, a Fátima le hablaba: said to Fátima: Ay, Fátima, hermana mía, Oh, Fátima, my sister, como estás de amor tocada; how you are touched by love; solías tener colores, you used to be full of colour, veo que ahora te faltan; I see that they have left you now, solías tratar amores, your life was once all love, ahora obras y callas. now it is work and silence.

Dezilde al cavallero Tell the gentleman que non se quexe, Not to complain, que yo le doy mi fe For I give him my faith que non le dexe. I will not leave him. Dezilde al cavallero, Tell the gentleman cuerpo garrido, Of handsome body que non se quexe Not to complain en ascondido, In secrecy, que yo le doy mi fe For I give him my faith que non le dexe. I will not leave him.

Pater noster, qui es in coelis, Our Father, which art in heaven, sanctificetur nomen tuum, hallowed be thy name, adveniat regnum tuum, thy kingdom come, fiat voluntas tua, sicut in coelo et in terra. thy will be done, Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, in earth as it is in heaven. Et dimitte nobis debita nostra, Give us this day our daily bread, sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. And forgive us our trespasses, Et ne nos inducas in tentationem. as we forgive them that trespass against us. sed libera nos a malo. And lead us not into temptation. but deliver us from evil.

Corten espadas afiladas May sharp swords lenguas malas. cut those wagging tongues.

Mañana de San Francisco On St Francis, s morn levantado me han dicho. they told me when I rose. Corten espadas afiladas May sharp swords lenguas malas. cut those wagging tongues.

Libérame, Domine a labiis yniquis Deliver me, Lord, from sinful lips et a lingua dolosa. and a wicked tongue. Lenguas malas. Wagging tongues.

Levantado me han dicho: They told me when I rose: que dormí con la niña virgo. that the maid I slept with was a virgin. Lenguas malas. Wagging tongues.

Beatus vir qui timet Dominum Blessed the man who fears the Lord un mandatis ejus volet nimis. and follows His dicatates above all things Lenguas malas. Wagging tongues. Corten espadas afiladas May sharp swords lenguas malas. cut those wagging tongues.

Mille regretz de vous abandonner! A thousand regrets at deserting you Et d'eslonger vostre fache amoureuse, and leaving behind your loving face, Jay si grand dueil et paine douloureuse,! I feel so much sadness and such painful distress, Quon me verra brief mes jours definer. that it seems to me my days will soon dwindle away.

Vidit Jacob scalam, Jacob saw a ladder, Summitas ejus caelos tangebat, the top of which reached to heaven, Et Angelos descendentes, and angels descending on it. Et dixit: Vere locus iste sanctus est. Alleluia. And he said: Surely this place is holy. Alleluia.

Lust hab ich ghabt zur Musica Lust hab’ ich ghabt zuer Musica Von Jugend auf wie noch bisher, I had a passion for music from my youth up, all von erst ut, re, mi, fa, so ,la the way to now. It got to the point where I had no geübt danach durch weitere Lehr, more peace,!Since my only desire was for kam es dazue, song.!There was no remedy: that was how it all dass ich keine Ruh started. I shall tell you later what the composer mehr haben mocht, dann nur im Gesang was called.!He is famous throughout the stuend mein Begier. world.!His tunes were pleasant in their art, Da half nichts dafür: cheerful in tone and free, So much so, that one Aus dem erfolgt der erst Anfang. could only be in awe.!It was good to sing in the round, and in addition!It was full of artful grace. Issac das war der Name sein, Isaac, that was his name.!Hold it fast, it will never halt wohl, es wird vergessen nit, be forgotten,!As he made his compositions so fine, wie er sein Kompositz so fein and set them so clearly, Decorated with all und klar hat gesetzt, darzue auch mit rhythmic finesse.!The proof is that our praise for Mensur geziert, dadurch probiert him, and his art itself, Are both still with us to noch heutigs Tag sein Lob und Kunst this day.!Lord Jesus Christ, grant him divine verhanden ist. Herr Jesus Christ, grace! teil ihm dört mit göttlicher Gunst.

Der Hund mir vor dem Licht umbgaht, The cur avoids me in the twilight, früh und auch spat day and night hab ich kein Ruh, I have no rest, wie ich ihm tu. to fend him off. Das richtet alls der Klaffer zu. That’s what the bastard does to me.

Tu, was ich wöll, so hat er mich, Whatever I do, he’ll beat me, viel härter Stich much worse insult gibt er mir gschwind he gives me fast, als Judaskind. that child of Judas. Ich wollt, daß er im Jahr erblind! Would, he go blind in a year.

So denk ich doch, doch einr guten Zeit, So I’ll just think of the good times, die mich erfreut, that I enjoyed, hab keinen Graus, have no regret, Unfall sei aus. and no mishap. Ich hoff, mein Katz fach auch ein Maus. I hope my cat will catch a mouse. Transl.: Harald S. Poelchau

De profundis clamavi ad te, Domine; From the depths I have cried out to you, O Lord; Domine, exaudi vocem meam. Fiant aures tuæ Lord, hear my voice. Let your ears be attentive intendentes in vocem deprecationis meæ. to the voice of my supplication. Si iniquitates observaveris, Domine, Domine, quis If you, Lord, were to mark iniquities, who, O sustinebit? Lord, shall stand? Quia apud te propitiatio est; et propter legem But with you is forgiveness, that you may be tuam sustinui te, Domine. revered. I trust in the Lord; Sustinuit anima mea in verbo ejus: My soul trusts in his word. Speravit anima mea in Domino. My soul waits for the Lord, A custodia matutina usque ad noctem, speret more than watchmen wait for the dawn. More Israël in Domino. than watchmen wait for the dawn, let Israel hope Quia apud Dominum misericordia, et copiosa in the Lord. apud eum redemptio. For with the Lord there is mercy, and with him is Et ipse redimet Israël ex omnibus iniquitatibus plenteous redemption. ejus. And he will redeem Israel from all his iniquities.

Ach Elslein, liebes Elselein mein, Oh little Else, my little Else dear, Wie gern wär ich bei dir! How I wish I were with you So sein zwei tiefe Wasser But two deep waters Wohl zwischen dir und mir, Are between you and me So sein zwei tiefe Wasser It gives me great pain Wohl zwischen dir und mir Dearest companion of my heart Das bringt mir grosse Schmerzen, And I, deep in my heart, Herzallerliebster Gsell! See in it a great unluck Und ich von ganzem Herzen I hope time will bring it to an end Halt's für gross Ungefäll, I hope luck will come Und ich von ganzem Herzen That everything will change in good Halt's für groß Ungefäll Dearest little Else of my heart Hoff, Zeit wird es wohl enden, Hoff, Glück wird kommen drein, Sich in all's Güts verwenden, Herzliebstes Elselein, Sich in all's Güts verwenden, Herzliebstes Elselein.

Ich weiss nit, was er ihr verhiess in aller Mass I don’t know what he promised her.!Leave the wie vor, Dass sie den Riegel dannen sties door open and much wider too--! but just as dannoch noch viel weiter mehr in aller Mass wie before.!Hey-ho! good Henry,!Goose-feet, vor. Heia ho, gut Heinrich, Enzian, Spezian, gentian,!Doctors’ weeds, and liverworts!love-ache, Agermunt und Rüebkraut, Lohrkess Tannzapfen, laurel, pinecones, cat-spears,!fat fiddle-docks, Achselkolben, Dittelkolben und die breiten were all well received.!Ho, ho, ho! She wants to Dockenblätter waren wohlge tan. Ho, ho, ho, ho, rummage through my wares. ho! Sie will mir kramen.