Waste Management Technology in Regions
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World Bank Document
b Public Disclosure Authorized Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Construction Works for the Bakurtsikhe-Tsnori (16km) Public Disclosure Authorized Road Section Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Draft report October 2018 LIST OF ACRONIMS EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan ESIA - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP - Environmental and Social Management Plan HSE - Health, Safety, Environment HS - Health and Safety GIS - Geographic Information System GoG - Government of Georgia IPPC - Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control KP - Kilometer Post MESD - Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia MEPA - Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia MLHSA - Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia NGO - Non-Governmental Organization RD - Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia MRDI - Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia ToR - Terms of Reference WB - The World Bank Table of Contents 2.1 Environmental Policies and Laws of Georgia ....................................................................................... 2 2.2 Laws and Regulations Related to Social Aspects and Land Ownership .............................................. 5 2.3 Labor Legislation ................................................................................................................................... -
Country Gender Assessment Georgia
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Country Gender Assessment Georgia Public Disclosure Authorized March 2021 Public Disclosure Authorized Acknowledgements This report was produced by the South Caucasus Poverty and Equity Team led by Alan Fuchs Tarlovsky ([email protected]) and including Maria Fernanda Gonzalez Icaza ([email protected]), under guidance of Sebastian-A Molineus (Country Director, ECCSC) and Salman Zaidi (Practice Manager, EECPV). The team received valuable inputs and useful comments from Besa Rizvanolli, Anna Berdzenadze Lourdes Rodriguez-Chamussy (Peer Reviewer) and Miriam Muller (Peer Reviewer). All errors are our own. Abbreviations and Acronyms CGA Country Gender Assessment CPF Country Partnership Program ECA Europe and Central Asia GBV Gender Based Violence GEOSTAT National Statistics Office of Georgia GDP Gross Domestic Product HCI Human Capital Index HIES Household Income and Expenditures Survey IDPs Internally displaced persons LFS Labor Force Survey OECD Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development PISA Programme for International Student Assessment SCD Systematic Country Diagnostic SMEs Small and medium enterprises STEM Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics TSA Targeted Social Assistance WDI World Development Indicators WDR World Development Report Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 6 I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. -
Interests of the West European Countries in Georgia in the Context of the Persian-Ottoman International Relations (From the 40S to the 60S of the 16Th C.)
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 14, #4, 2020 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 14, no. 4, 2020 History Interests of the West European Countries in Georgia in the Context of the Persian-Ottoman International Relations (from the 40s to the 60s of the 16th c.) Tea Karchava*, Murman Papashvili*, Tea Tsitlanadze*, Andro Gogoladze** *Department of the History of Middle Ages, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia **Institute of World History, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia (Presented by Academy Member Liana Melikishvili) The present paper is based on the European sources provided by Michelle Membre and Anthony Jenkinson who left important information about Georgians. The report of Membre, the Venetian author, who visited Safavid Persia via Georgia, provides descriptive information about Georgian people (life, clothes, housing, equipment, economic status and the situation in the war-ravaged political units, etc), while Jenkinson, the English author, who met Georgians in Persian capital and persian dominions, makes stress on the economic potential and political circumstances of the 16th century Georgian realms. Jenkinson depicts a wide profile of the English trade agents’ journeys in the East, their diplomatic flexibility and insight into the essence of political situation providing the analysis of the cause and effect of the success or failure of the prospects/concrete steps. Venetian and English sources disclosed the historical fact that from the 40s to the 60s of the 16th century the political rulers of Georgia were interested in establishing political contacts with the Roman Catholic countries in the general context of the anti-Ottoman sentiment. -
Wine & Brandy Tour 5 Days
WINE & BRANDY TOUR 5 DAYS Private special escorted tour for individuals and families BEST TIME JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC History and culture of Georgia have always been closely intertwined with winemaking tradition. Wine in local culture is often considered as a symbol of hospitality and friendship. Oldest evidence of winemaking has been recently discovered at the archaeological site near Tbilisi, at the 8000-year old village. Nowadays there are over 500 species of grape in Georgia, while up to 40 of those varieties are used in commercial wine production. 5-day “Wine and Brandy” introduces you to the Georgian wine. Tour takes off in the capital Tbilisi and travels to the major traditional winemaking region of Georgia – Kakheti. On this tour, travelers will be able to sightsee Tbilisi, visit the best wineries of Kakheti region, taste various local types of wine, and take a look at both modern and traditional ways of wine and brandy production of the country. Group will be accompanied by local, professional and experienced guide and driver MAIN HIGHLIGHTS & SITES: TBILISI CITY KAKHETI REGION • Holy Trinity Cathedral • Signagi town • Narikala Fortress 4Th C • Sighnaghi Pheasant’s Tears wine cellar • Legvtakhevi Waterfall • Winery & museum Numisi in Velistsikhe 16th c • Sulfur bathhouse square • Kvareli Wine Tunnels • Shardeni str & Bridge of Peace • Telavi Town • Meidan square • Telavi Farmer’s Bazaar • Georgian National Museum • Tsinandali Residence of Al. Chavchavadze 19th c • Sarajishvili Brandy Factory • Gremi Royal Residence & Castle 16th c • Funicular Train & Mtatsminda Park • Twin’s Wine Cellar and Museum DAY TO DAY ITINERARY 1 DAY Arrival in Tbilisi Airport-Tbilisi City Tour back to the 4th century. -
Georgia's 2008 Presidential Election
Election Observation Report: Georgia’s 2008 Presidential Elections Election Observation Report: Georgia’s saarCevno sadamkvirveblo misiis saboloo angariSi angariSi saboloo misiis sadamkvirveblo saarCevno THE IN T ERN at ION A L REPUBLIC A N INS T I T U T E 2008 wlis 5 ianvari 5 wlis 2008 saqarTvelos saprezidento arCevnebi saprezidento saqarTvelos ADV A NCING DEMOCR A CY WORLD W IDE demokratiis ganviTarebisTvis mTel msoflioSi mTel ganviTarebisTvis demokratiis GEORGI A PRESIDEN T I A L ELEC T ION JA NU A RY 5, 2008 International Republican Institute saerTaSoriso respublikuri instituti respublikuri saerTaSoriso ELEC T ION OBSERV at ION MISSION FIN A L REPOR T Georgia Presidential Election January 5, 2008 Election Observation Mission Final Report The International Republican Institute 1225 Eye Street, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005 www.iri.org TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Pre-Election Period 5 A. Political Situation November 2007 – January 2008 B. Presidential Candidates in the January 5, 2008 Presidential Election C. Campaign Period III. Election Period 11 A. Pre-Election Meetings B. Election Day IV. Findings and Recommendations 15 V. Appendix 19 A. IRI Preliminary Statement on the Georgian Presidential Election B. Election Observation Delegation Members C. IRI in Georgia 2008 Georgia Presidential Election 3 I. Introduction The January 2008 election cycle marked the second presidential election conducted in Georgia since the Rose Revolution. This snap election was called by President Mikheil Saakashvili who made a decision to resign after a violent crackdown on opposition street protests in November 2007. Pursuant to the Georgian Constitution, he relinquished power to Speaker of Parliament Nino Burjanadze who became Acting President. -
Good Governance for Local Development South Caucasus - Georgian Component
Good Governance for Local Development South Caucasus - Georgian Component Approach, Objective and Key Outputs Commissioned by: German Federal Ministry for Economic Good Governance for Local Development (GGLD), South Cau- Cooperation and Development (BMZ) casus is a regional technical assistance project operating in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. It is designed to strengthen Partner Agencies: Ministry of Regional Development and institutional and human partner capacities, particularly at Infrastructure of Georgia (MRDI), Ministry of Finance of the sub-national level. Its objective: public institutions in the Georgia (MoF) South Caucasus are better able to provide citizen-oriented public services. Commissioning Period: April 2020 – March 2023 GGLD is part of the regional Good Governance South Cauca- Budget: 6.8 million EUR sus programme following a holistic approach to strengthen good governance principles. GGLD specifically promotes gen- der equality and citizen participation in local decesion-mak- ing processes and thereby aims for needs-based, systemic and sustainable reforms. The project also supports the im- plementation of the Agenda 2030 on the local level through Challenges and Opportunities all its outputs. During recent years, Georgia has significantly improved in the Anticipated Key Outputs: area of public service delivery. However, it still faces major challenges when it comes to effective local self-governance Output 1: Legal and institutional framework structures, a balanced regional development and territorial conditions -
Economic Prosperity Initiative
USAID/GEORGIA DO2: Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth October 1, 2011 – September 31, 2012 Gagra Municipal (regional) Infrastructure Development (MID) ABKHAZIA # Municipality Region Project Title Gudauta Rehabilitation of Roads 1 Mtskheta 3.852 km; 11 streets : Mtskheta- : Mtanee Rehabilitation of Roads SOKHUMI : : 1$Mestia : 2 Dushet 2.240 km; 7 streets :: : ::: Rehabilitation of Pushkin Gulripshi : 3 Gori street 0.92 km : Chazhashi B l a c k S e a :%, Rehabilitaion of Gorijvari : 4 Gori Shida Kartli road 1.45 km : Lentekhi Rehabilitation of Nationwide Projects: Ochamchire SAMEGRELO- 5 Kareli Sagholasheni-Dvani 12 km : Highway - DCA Basisbank ZEMO SVANETI RACHA-LECHKHUMI rehabilitaiosn Roads in Oni Etseri - DCA Bank Republic Lia*#*# 6 Oni 2.452 km, 5 streets *#Sachino : KVEMO SVANETI Stepantsminda - DCA Alliance Group 1$ Gali *#Mukhuri Tsageri Shatili %, Racha- *#1$ Tsalenjikha Abari Rehabilitation of Headwork Khvanchkara #0#0 Lechkhumi - DCA Crystal Obuji*#*# *#Khabume # 7 Oni of Drinking Water on Oni for Nakipu 0 Likheti 3 400 individuals - Black Sea Regional Transmission ZUGDIDI1$ *# Chkhorotsku1$*# ]^!( Oni Planning Project (Phase 2) Chitatskaro 1$!( Letsurtsume Bareuli #0 - Georgia Education Management Project (EMP) Akhalkhibula AMBROLAURI %,Tsaishi ]^!( *#Lesichine Martvili - Georgia Primary Education Project (G-Pried) MTSKHETA- Khamiskuri%, Kheta Shua*#Zana 1$ - GNEWRC Partnership Program %, Khorshi Perevi SOUTH MTIANETI Khobi *# *#Eki Khoni Tskaltubo Khresili Tkibuli#0 #0 - HICD Plus #0 ]^1$ OSSETIA 1$ 1$!( Menji *#Dzveli -
Eventyrlandet Mellom Kaukasus Og Svartehavet Vandreområde I Kaukasus Churchkhela – Søtsak Fra Georgia Stolte Tradisjoner I Vinproduksjonen
9. – 16. septemberDATO 2016 GEORGIA – eventyrlandet mellom Kaukasus og Svartehavet Vandreområde i Kaukasus Churchkhela – søtsak fra Georgia Stolte tradisjoner i vinproduksjonen Bli med oss på en spennende reise og bli like fasinert som dikteren Knut Hamsun, som kalte Georgia for et «æventyrland». Et naturparadis - uoppdaget og ukjent for de fleste nordmenn – men en liten juvel i Europa venter. Den berømte Silkeveien gikk gjennom Georgia og det er her Europa møter Asia. I dag er landet en fascinerende blanding av orientalsk og vestlig eleganse. Dette frodige landet gir store naturopplevelser – 5000 meter høye fjelltopper, isbreer, storslåtte grønne daler, semi-ørken, subtropisk regnskog og langstrakte hvite strender. En tusenårig kultur med eldgamle klostre og kirker og spennende folklore og tradisjoner. En gammel, gregoriansk legende forteller at Vårherre under Jordens skapelse skulle ta seg en matbit. Han ble imidlertid så opptatt av det guddommelige måltidet at han snublet over Kaukasus høye fjell og mistet all mat og vin ut over Georgia. Derfor spiser og drikker man så godt i dette fjerne landet. Dag 1: Voss – Tbilisi i fjellet åpenbarer tusenvis av vinflasker med årgangsvin. Vi kjører buss til Flesland hvor vi flyr via København og Selvfølgelig fristes vi til å smake, og i en av vintunnellene Istanbul til Georgias hovedstad. står vinglass, brød og olivenolje klar til oss. Stort vinutsalg for den kjøpelystne. Utpå ettermiddagen kommer Hotel Dag 2: Tbilisi Royal Batoni til syne på en høyde omkranset av tett skog. Vi bor på Mercure Old Tbilisi Hotel midt i gamlebyen – et Det ser ut som et eventyrslott. Gled deg til en natt med en perfekt sted for å utforske hovedstaden til fots. -
Daily Report for 22 August 2008
Emergency Operation in Georgia Daily Report for 22 August 2008 Displacements caused by recent conflict over South Ossetia Displacement within Georgia excl. South Ossetia 98,600 Displacement within South Ossetia 30,000 Sub Total Georgia 128,600 Displacement to Russian Federation 30,000 Displacements Total 158,600 In addition, Georgia has a caseload of 220,000 IDPs from previous crises. Displacement in the delta of the river Enguri UNHCR has today discovered a typical situation of night displacement in the delta of the river Enguri in Western Georgia. The right river bank, which used to be Georgian, is now under Abkhaz control and a total of 59 families (some 240 people) from the village of Ganmuhuri crossed the river in the evening on boats to spend the night with host families in Anaklia, the village on the other side. During the day the IDPs cross the river again to go home to work on their fields, especially now during the heights of the hazelnut harvest. UNHCR met with the mayor of Anaklia and promised to deliver blankets and some additional kitchen sets for the displaced and the host families. In this region, there are also plenty of old IDP families displaced during the conflict in the 1990’s and they too will receive blankets to make it easier for them to host the new IDPs. UNHCR to draft the strategy on shelter In a shelter coordination meeting which took place yesterday, it was agreed that UNHCR will draft the overall strategy for shelter by the end of the week. The strategy will be shared with all humanitarian partners on Monday, for information and comments, before its presentation to the Georgian Government later next week. -
ON the EFFECTIVE USE of PROXY WARFARE by Andrew Lewis Peek Baltimore, Maryland May 2021 © 2021 Andrew Peek All Rights Reserved
ON THE EFFECTIVE USE OF PROXY WARFARE by Andrew Lewis Peek A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May 2021 2021 Andrew Peek All rights reserved Abstract This dissertation asks a simple question: how are states most effectively conducting proxy warfare in the modern international system? It answers this question by conducting a comparative study of the sponsorship of proxy forces. It uses process tracing to examine five cases of proxy warfare and predicts that the differentiation in support for each proxy impacts their utility. In particular, it proposes that increasing the principal-agent distance between sponsors and proxies might correlate with strategic effectiveness. That is, the less directly a proxy is supported and controlled by a sponsor, the more effective the proxy becomes. Strategic effectiveness here is conceptualized as consisting of two key parts: a proxy’s operational capability and a sponsor’s plausible deniability. These should be in inverse relation to each other: the greater and more overt a sponsor’s support is to a proxy, the more capable – better armed, better trained – its proxies should be on the battlefield. However, this close support to such proxies should also make the sponsor’s influence less deniable, and thus incur strategic costs against both it and the proxy. These costs primarily consist of external balancing by rival states, the same way such states would balance against conventional aggression. Conversely, the more deniable such support is – the more indirect and less overt – the less balancing occurs. -
RBMP SEA Report ENG FINAL
European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA) OF THE DRAFTALAZANI-IORI RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN SEA Report November 2020 2 This SEA report was prepared by the national SEA team established for the pilot project “The Application of a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the Draft Alazani-Iori River Basin Management Plan” (hereinafter also the SEA pilot project): Ms. Elina Bakradze (water and soil quality aspects), Ms. Anna Rukhadze (biodiversity, habitats and protected areas), Ms. Lela Serebryakova (health related aspects), Mr. Giorgi Guliashvili (hydrology and natural hazards), Mr. Davit Darsavelidze (socio-economic aspects), Mr. Irakli Kobulia (cultural heritage aspects and GIS) and the UNECE national consultant Ms. Irma Melikishvili (the team leader also covering climate change aspects), under the guidance and supervision of the UNECE international consultant Mr. Martin Smutny. Maps: The thematic maps presented in the SEA Report are produced by Mr. Irakli Kobulia on the basis of the GIS database provided by the EUWI + programme. The SEA Report also includes maps developed in the framework of the EUWI + programme (under result 2) by the REC Caucasus, subcontractor of the EUWI+ programme. The SEA pilot project was carried out under the supervision of Mr. Alisher Mamadzhanov, the EUWI+ programme leader from UNECE with the support provided by Ms. Christine Kitzler and Mr. Alexander Belokurov, UNECE and Ms. Eliso Barnovi, the EUWI+ Country Representative -
Annexation of Georgia in Russian Empire
1 George Anchabadze HISTORY OF GEORGIA SHORT SKETCH Caucasian House TBILISI 2005 2 George Anchabadze. History of Georgia. Short sketch Above-mentioned work is a research-popular sketch. There are key moments of the history of country since ancient times until the present moment. While working on the sketch the author based on the historical sources of Georgia and the research works of Georgian scientists (including himself). The work is focused on a wide circle of the readers. გიორგი ანჩაბაძე. საქართველოს ისტორია. მოკლე ნარკვევი წინამდებარე ნაშრომი წარმოადგენს საქართველოს ისტორიის სამეცნიერ-პოპულარულ ნარკვევს. მასში მოკლედაა გადმოცემული ქვეყნის ისტორიის ძირითადი მომენტები უძველესი ხანიდან ჩვენს დრომდე. ნარკვევზე მუშაობისას ავტორი ეყრდნობოდა საქართველოს ისტორიის წყაროებსა და ქართველ მეცნიერთა (მათ შორის საკუთარ) გამოკვლევებს. ნაშრომი განკუთვნილია მკითხველთა ფართო წრისათვის. ISBN99928-71-59-8 © George Anchabadze, 2005 © გიორგი ანჩაბაძე, 2005 3 Early Ancient Georgia (till the end of the IV cen. B.C.) Existence of ancient human being on Georgian territory is confirmed from the early stages of anthropogenesis. Nearby Dmanisi valley (80 km south-west of Tbilisi) the remnants of homo erectus are found, age of them is about 1,8 million years old. At present it is the oldest trace in Euro-Asia. Later on the Stone Age a man took the whole territory of Georgia. Former settlements of Ashel period (400–100 thousand years ago) are discovered as on the coast of the Black Sea as in the regions within highland Georgia. Approximately 6–7 thousands years ago people on the territory of Georgia began to use as the instruments not only the stone but the metals as well.