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Philips Research 100 Years of Patents and Publications Philips Research 100 Years of Patents and Publications Content Philips Research 100 years of patents and publications Philips Research 100 years of patents and publications Content Foreword 5 100 years of patents and 6 publications from Philips Research • Phase 1: Start and diversification (1914 - 1945) • Phase 2: Autonomous research (1945 - 1970) • Phase 3: Connecting to the Product Divisions (1970 - 1990) • Phase 4: Becoming a front-end innovation organization (1990 - 2013) • Publishing • Research and IP Historical timeline 12 1914 – 1923 14 1964 – 1973 36 Patents 14 Patents 36 Publications 16 Publications 38 1924 – 1933 18 1974 – 1983 40 Patents 18 Patents 40 Publications 20 Publications 42 1934 – 1943 22 1984 – 1993 46 Patents 22 Patents 46 Publications 24 Publications 48 1944 – 1953 26 1994 – 2003 50 Patents 26 Patents 50 Publications 28 Publications 52 1954 – 1963 32 2004 – 2013 54 Patents 32 Patents 54 Publications 34 Publications 56 2 3 Foreword Innovation is absolutely core to what Philips is – it is to support the growth, competitiveness, and profitability part of our strategy, it is how we improve people’s lives, of the Philips businesses. how we make the world healthier and more sustainable. Moreover, since our foundation by Gilles Holst in 1914, Innovation is how we create superior value for our publishing papers about new developments in Research customers and for our shareholders. We put people at the has been a means to position ourselves as an important center of everything we do, responding to their aspirations, player in the world of science and technology, and needs and desires. strengthen our reputation in innovation. By doing so, Philips Research is a front-end of innovation organization we are able to provide scientific underpinning for our that is a preferred co-creation partner for the Philips commercial offerings, and at the same time attract talent businesses and selected strategic relations. We work in and potential partners for innovation co-creation. multidisciplinary teams, and we are at the leading edge With this publication, we would like to give some insights of core technologies that extend throughout the entire in the most important and impactful patents and publications product portfolio of Philips, which allows the company to that have been created by Philips Research over the past generate new businesses and real competitive advantage 100 years. For each decade, we show the ten most-cited in the marketplace. We also have an extensive set of publications, as well as a few examples of patents that partnerships, because we don’t have all necessary know- have contributed to value generation for Philips in the how in house. 100-years’ existence of Philips Research. My special Our approach has led to more than a century of thanks go to Frank Toolenaar from Philips Research and breakthrough innovations. To be able to protect our ideas, Maaike van Velzen from Philips Intellectual Property & we have been working closely together with Philips Standards who compiled and edited the material brought Intellectual Property & Standards (IP&S) to create together in this booklet. intellectual property (IP). Over many years, IP&S has This collection presents a fascinating insight in our rich created a large IP portfolio with world-class IP solutions history – I hope you will enjoy reading it. Henk van Houten General Manager Philips Research January 2014 4 5 100 years of patents and publications from Philips Research As a corporate Research organization, Philips Research twofold: understanding the physics of the half-watt lamp, alignment with business priorities. He organized colloquia lag, while science uses technology without such a time has always been fl exible in adapting to the demands of and experimenting with new light sources. Until 1923 there in which famous physicists (such as Ehrenfest, Einstein, lag. He advocated that a research environment should the time and to the strategy of Philips as can be seen in were really only two scientists (Holst and Oosterhuis), but and Pauli) shared their latest insights with the scientists exist within an industry to foster both science and techno- the several overviews that have been published on previ- that number grew fast when the lab began contributing to of the lab. Holst also stimulated publications in academic logy. Researchers in such an environment should be given ous occasions 1,2,3,4,5. In 1994, Marc de Vries5 distinguished the diversifi cation of Philips from light bulbs to other types journals as an independent and open forum for judging considerable freedom and be encouraged to communica- three distinct phases in the way Philips Research handled of vacuum tubes. the lab’s scientifi c output. Holst also hoped that a strong te and share their fi ndings in journals and at professional challenges in the then 80 years of its existence. We want reputation as a serious scientifi c research institute would meetings. Fundamental research became a particular task to summarize his assessments and expand to 2013 with a Gas discharge lamps were the fi rst products beyond attract good scientifi c university graduates. as a cradle for creating future options for the company. fourth phase, with special attention to publications. incandescent light bulbs, followed closely by X-ray tubes Conversion into devices and systems was seen as the such as the Metalix, a compact X-ray tube developed by At the same time, Holst also stimulated that the outcomes responsibility of the development labs at the Product Bouwers. This research can be considered as the basis of research were profi table for the company. Scientists were Divisions (PDs). In such an environment, publishing was Phase 1: Start and diversification of the later Medical Devices / Healthcare division. The expected to submit ideas for patents (white cards), which seen as important output and source of pride. (1914 - 1945) development of radio tubes both for receiving and trans- were judged by Holst himself before submission to the In the early 20st century, technological developments mission purposes led to the fabrication of radios, which Patent department. In 1936, Holst also created a special However, also during this period the Natuurkundig Labora- became more and more dependent on scientifi c know- formed the basis of Consumer Electronics and various journal, the Philips Technisch Tijdschrift (with translations torium did make some very important contributions which ledge6, especially in the fi elds of chemical technology and Professional Electronics divisions. in English, French and German), to answer the increasing created very profi table products for Philips. One example electricity, which led to the foundation of corporate number of enquiries for data and particulars of Philips pro- is the Plumbicon, a pickup tube for television cameras, scientifi c laboratories at companies such as General Research into magnetic ceramic ferrite materials started ducts and also to make contacts with the engineering world. which was an innovation that every company in the Electric (1900), Dupont (1902), Siemens (1905), AT&T in in the 1920s, as an essential material in loudspeakers television broadcasting business had to use to remain (1910), Marconi (1912), and Philips (1914). Such laboratories for radios. This led to applications in dynamos and in the compatible. Another success was LOCOS (LOCal Oxidation typically were responsible for three types of tasks: (1) quality fi rst rotary shaver. Two basic material inventions were Phase 2: Autonomous research of Silicon), a silicon process technology to create local control for existing production processes, (2) knowledge developed around WWII, (ferro-magnetic) Ferroxdure and (1945 - 1970) silicon-dioxide areas on silicon to insulate the individual acquisition for innovation and improvement of products or (soft-magnetic) Ferroxcube, which after 1950 was to be After the Second World War, Philips created separate MOS transistors from each other. In the IC world of the processes, based on existing science, and (3) acquisition applied widely in coil cores for various products. Other product divisions with their own development laboratories, 1980s, no company could ignore LOCOS. Both innovations of new knowledge that may result in new products. companies became very interested in using these mate- next to the corporate Research organization. Under Hendrik generated signifi cant value for Philips through use in rials and Philips was thus able to obtain Bell’s transistor Casimir, one of the most visible successors of Holst, a trend products and licensing. Gerard Philips viewed research as a means of reducing knowledge via a patent cross license. developed to incorporate some of the forefronts of science costs in the production of incandescent lamps. On the into the research program of Philips Research, instead of other hand, Gilles Holst, the founder of the Research Holst wanted to have researchers with excellent scientifi c just relying on contacts with academic institutions. Phase 3: Connecting to the Product organization, aimed at understanding as well as reputations. To achieve this, he created a culture in which Divisions (1970 - 1990) controlling materials and processes. The main tasks researchers felt free to do high-level scientifi c and techno- Casimir saw science and technology develop in a spiral in Around 1970 the post-war economic boom ended and at the Natuurkundig Laboratorium in its early years were logical research – with management ensuring appropriate which technology uses scientifi c results, but with a time the world
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