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The Minor Planet Bulletin THE MINOR PLANET BULLETIN OF THE MINOR PLANETS SECTION OF THE BULLETIN ASSOCIATION OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY OBSERVERS VOLUME 41, NUMBER 4, A.D. 2014 OCTOBER-DECEMBER 203. LIGHTCURVE ANALYSIS FOR 4167 RIEMANN Amy Zhao, Ashok Aggarwal, and Caroline Odden Phillips Academy Observatory (I12) 180 Main Street Andover, MA 01810 USA [email protected] (Received: 10 June) Photometric observations of 4167 Riemann were made over six nights in 2014 April. A synodic period of P = 4.060 ± 0.001 hours was derived from the data. 4167 Riemann is a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1978 by L. V. Period analysis was carried out by the authors using MPO Canopus Zhuraveya. Observations of the asteroid were conducted at the and its Fourier analysis feature developed by Harris (Harris et al., Phillips Academy Observatory, which is equipped with a 0.4-m f/8 1989). The resulting lightcurve consists of 288 data points. The reflecting telescope by DFM Engineering. Images were taken with period spectrum strongly favors the bimodal solution. The an SBIG 1301-E CCD camera that has a 1280x1024 array of 16- resulting lightcurve has synodic period P = 4.060 ± 0.001 hours micron pixels. The resulting image scale was 1.0 arcsecond per and amplitude 0.17 mag. Dips in the period spectrum were also pixel. Exposures were 300 seconds and taken primarily at –35°C. noted at 8.1200 hours (2P) and at 6.0984 hours (3/2P). A search of All images were guided, unbinned, and unfiltered. Images were the Asteroid Lightcurve Database (Warner et al., 2009) and other dark and flat-field corrected with Maxim DL. Processed images sources did not reveal previously reported lightcurve results for were measured with MPO Canopus (BDW Publishing) using a this asteroid. differential photometry technique. Comparison stars in the image Acknowledgements field were chosen to have near-solar color with the “comp star selector” feature of MPO Canopus. Research at the Phillips Academy Observatory is supported by the Israel Family Foundation. Harris, A.W., Young, J.W., Bowell, E., Martin, L.J., Millis, R.L., Poutanen, M., Scaltriti, F., Zappala, V., Schober, H.J., Debehogne, H., Zeigler, K. (1989). “Photoelectric Observations of Asteroids 3, 24, 60, 261, and 863.” Icarus 77, 171-186. Warner, B.D. (2010). The MPO Users Guide: A Companion Guide to the MPO Canopus/PhotoRed Reference Manuals. BDW Publishing, Colorado Springs, CO. Warner, B.D., Harris, A.W., Pravec, P. (2009). “The asteroid lightcurve database.” Icarus 202, 134-146. Updated 2014 February 28. http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html Minor Planet Bulletin 41 (2014) Available on line http://www.minorplanet.info/mpbdownloads.html 204 ROTATION PERIOD DETERMINATION FOR 308 POLYXO La Silla in May 1978.” Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 39, 163- 165. Frederick Pilcher Organ Mesa Observatory Harris, A.W., and Young, J.W. (1983). "Asteroid Rotation IV. 4438 Organ Mesa Loop 1979 Observations," Icarus 54, 59-109. Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA [email protected] Harris, A.W., Young, J.W., Bowell, E., Martin, J.L., Millis, R.L., Poutanen, M., Scaltriti, F., Zappala, V., Schober, H.J., Debehogne, Luca Pietro Strabla, Ulisse Quadri, Roberto Girelli H., and Zeigler, K. (1989). “Photoelectric Observations of Observatory of Bassano Bresciano Asteroids 3, 24, 60, 261, and 863.” Icarus 77, 171-186. via San Michele 4 Bassano Bresciano (BS) Italy Higgins, D. (2011). “Period Determination of Asteroid Targets (Received: 23 April) Observed at Hunters Hill Observatory: May 2009 - September 2010.” Minor Planet Bull. 38, 41-46. Lightcurves of 308 Polyxo were obtained by a collaboration between Bassano Bresciano Observatory and Organ Mesa Observatory. For 308 Polyxo the period is 12.029 ± 0.001 hours, amplitude 0.15 ± 0.02 magnitudes with an irregular lightcurve. Previous period determinations are by Debehogne and Zappala (1980), 12.032 hours; Harris and Young (1983), 12.02 hours; and Higgins (2011), 12.01 hours. Due to the very near commensurability with Earth's period all of their lightcurves were incomplete. To sample the complete lightcurve, observers Pilcher at Organ Mesa Observatory (G50) and Strabla at Bassano Bresciano Observatory (565) collaborated. Equipment at Organ Mesa Observatory consists of a 0.35 meter Meade LX200 GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain, SBIG STL-1001E CCD, with a clear filter, 60 second exposure time, unguided. At Bassano Bresciano Observatory a 0.32 meter Schmidt telescope operating at F/3.1 and Starlight CCD camera MX-916 applied at direct focus was used with 120 second exposure time, unfiltered, unguided. MPO Canopus (BDW Publishing, 2010) was used to measure the images photometrically. Comparison stars from the APASS catalog with near solar colors were selected with the Comparison Star Selector included in this software. A Fourier analysis algorithm developed by Harris et al. (1989) was utilized to obtain the period which satisfied the data with minimum residual. Even with the use of APASS magnitudes, it was necessary to adjust the instrumental magnitudes of the individual sessions by several x 0.01 magnitude for the minimum residual fit displayed in the lightcurve. Photometric data from a total of 7 sessions 2014 Feb. 11 - Apr. 18 provide a good fit to a synodic rotation period 12.029 ± 0.001 hours, amplitude 0.15 ± 0.02 magnitudes, with a somewhat irregular lightcurve. Observatory Date Phase Time Num Angle h. Obs Organ Mesa 2014-02-11 13.0 7.5 288 Organ Mesa 2014-02-14 12.1 7.3 356 Organ Mesa 2014-02-21 9.7 7.3 349 Bassano Br. 2014-03-07 4.0 7.2 163 Organ Mesa 2014-03-20 1.4 7.7 390 Bassano Br. 2014-03-28 2.9 6.0 292 Organ Mesa 2014-04-18 12.7 5.0 236 References BDW Publishing (2010) MPO Canopus Software, version 10 http://minorplanetobserver.com Debehogne, H., and Zappala, V. (1980). “Photoelectric Lightcurves and Rotation Period of 308 Polyxo, Obtained at ESO- Minor Planet Bulletin 41 (2014) 205 ANOTHER ASTEROID WITH A CHANGING LIGHTCURVE: 232 RUSSIA Frederick Pilcher 4438 Organ Mesa Loop Las Cruces, New Mexico 88011 USA [email protected] (Received: 27 May) During its early 2014 apparition the lightcurve shape and inferred synodic rotation period for 232 Russia changed considerably. The best fit to data in the entire interval 2014 Mar. 25 - May 25 is with a lightcurve with a period 21.905 ± 0.001 hours, amplitude 0.14 ± 0.01 magnitudes. Changes in asteroid lightcurves caused by changing phase angle and viewing aspect are frequently noted when the observations Figure 1. Lightcurve of 232 Russia in the interval 2014 Mar. 25 - include a large range of phase angles. They provide information Apr. 7 useful for spin/shape modeling. The photometric observations of 232 Russia in the interval 2014 Mar. 25 - May 25 constitute an example of an unusually large change in lightcurve appearance. Previously published rotation periods for 232 Russia are by Behrend (2005), 21.72 hours with only partial phase coverage; Torno et al. (2008), 21.8 hours from a very sparse data set; and Ruthroff (2009), 21.91 hours from a dense data set which looks convincing. New observations of 232 Russia have been made at the Organ Mesa Observatory with a 35.4 cm Meade LX200 GPS S-C and SBIG STL 1001-E CCD. Photometric measurement and lightcurve construction are with MPO Canopus software. All exposures are 60 second exposure time, unguided, clear filter. To reduce the number of points on the lightcurves and make them easier to read data points have been binned in sets of 3 with maximum time difference 5 minutes. Observations on 8 nights 2014 March 25 - April 7 at phase angles 21.5 degrees to 17.0 degrees provide a good fit to a lightcurve with period 22.016 ± 0.004 hours, amplitude 0.15 ± 0.01 magnitudes, Figure 2. Lightcurve of 232 Russia in the interval 2014 Apr. 28 - with full phase coverage. A second set of observations on 8 nights May 25 2014 Apr 28 - May 25 at phase angles between 5.2 degrees and 9.6 degrees provides a good fit to a lightcurve with period 21.904 ± 0.002 hours, amplitude 0.14 ± 0.01 magnitudes, again with full phase coverage. When all 16 sessions are plotted on a single lightcurve a large misfit is shown between the March 25 - Apr 7 large phase angle observations and the April 28 - May 25 small phase angle observations. The synodic period which best represents all 16 sessions is 21.905 ± 0.001 hours. This value is consistent with all of the previous period determinations. References Behrend, R. (2005). Observatoire de Geneve web site, http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Ruthroff, J. (2009). “Photometric Observations and Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids 129 Antigone, 174 Phaedra, 232 Russia, 291 Alice, and 343 Ostara.” Minor Planet Bull. 36, 121-122. Torno, S., Oliver, R. L., Ditteon, R. (2008). “Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory - October 2007.” Figure 3. Lightcurve of 232 Russia in the interval 2014 Mar. 25 - Minor Planet Bull. 35, 54-55. May 25 Minor Planet Bulletin 41 (2014) 206 LIGHTCURVES FOR INVERSION MODEL CANDIDATES mag. Lucus et al. (2012) presented a 3-D shape model using data from 3 apparitions (2006, 2008, and 2009). We observed 446 Daniel A. Klinglesmith III, Jesse Hanowell, Curtis Alan Warren Aeternitas on 7 nights between 2014 May 9 and June 7. Our period Etscorn Campus Observatory, New Mexico Tech of 15.745 ± 0.001 h is consistent with previous determinations. 101 East Road The lightcurve amplitude is 0.47 ± 0.05 mag. Socorro, NM USA 87801 [email protected] 502 Sigune is a main-belt asteroid discovered by M.
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