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University M icrofilms International / ■ 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8504064 Parker, Melissa Anne THE EFFECTS OF GAME MODIFICATIONS ON THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE SKILL INVOLVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN VOLLEYBALL AND SOFTBALL The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1984 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1984 by Parker, Melissa Anne All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark 7 . 1. Glossy photographs or pages_______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or ______print 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original_______ copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost_______ in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct______ print 11. P ag e(s)_____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. P a g e (s)_____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered_____________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p a g e s _______ 15. Other _______________________________________________ _ University Microfilms International THE EFFECTS OF GAME MODIFICATIONS ON THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE SKILL INVOLVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN VOLLEYBALL AND SOFTBALL DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Melissa Anne Parker, B.S., M.A. * * * * The Ohio State University 1984 Approved by: Reading Committee: r Dr. Daryl Siedentop Dr. William Heward Department of Physical Dr. Charles Mand Education^? School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation Copyright by Melissa Anne Parker 1984 To my mother and father, whose love and support never faltered, even though they received little in return. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The dissertation, like all offspring, will be a mixed bag of frustration, excitement, satisfaction, leaping growth, slow erosion of spirit and sad compromise. The above caveat was offered by a friend as I began the enterprise of the dissertation. Now, only as that under­ taking draws to a close, do I realize the clarity of fore­ sight exhibited in those lines. The compensation of the project rests in the fact that, for the most part, it is not a venture taken alone. Special appreciation is ex­ pressed to all who gave of themselves, their time and their talents. Through my stay at The Ohio State University, Daryl Siedentop provided not only a clear role model of scholar­ ship and professional competence, moreover he let the wanderer in me wander, while maintaining the confidence that I would do what had to be done. His continued support, especially in my absence, was a major impetus in my progress. Charles Mand has never ceased to support and guide my endeavors in all aspects of my varied graduate education. He allowed and encouraged me to combine seeming­ ly diverse interests into a coherent whole. Bill Heward supported the final phases of this work willingly and with vigor. His remarkable capacity., to adapt affably to the variable and numerous deviations from my orginal plans, which always disrupted his agenda, is a major reason I was able to finish when I did. Judy Rink allowed me to interrupt her work with my half- iii formed thoughts, small triumphs, moments of defeat and questions for which no answers exist. In return, she has supplied me with a model of teaching and professionalism that have influenced me more than she knows or would care to admit. Dianne Ward spent many waking hours tallying data on her morning ride to school. Those coffee stained tally sheets will be appreciated for many years. Patsy Daly and Kathy Graham provided a phenomenal amount of support in mostly unmeasurable ways. The substantive and logistical sustenance they provided, without question or hesitation, will change forever my concept of friendship. The repayment schedule may be variable, but it will not be thin. KC, Melinda, Z, Carolyn, Dennis and Steve lived with me in the summer of my discontent; they took me to the mount­ ains when the project tried to consume me and understood when it did. Thank you. From the beginning Dan McBride was a part of this study. He knows little of teacher education, but a great deal about human needs. Both logistically and personally, it was he I turned to when all else failed. Without him , the study would not be. He taught me to go to the mountains; one lesson I learned well. Carole Shockley will now, after six.years, probably have to find a new graduate student whose handwriting is equal to mine in illegibility. Her flights might be productively occupied otherwise. Her remarkable ability to translate what I wrote, into final copy, so quickly and with so few errors, will never be forgotten. This research was made possible, in part, by a Graduate Student Alumni Research Award from The Ohio State University. Those funds are gratefully acknowledged. iv VITA July 11, 1952 .... Born - Wolfville, Nova Scotia Canada 1974...................B.S., Physical Education, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 1974 - 1978 ......... Physical Education teacher, Christ the King School, Atlanta, Georgia 1978 - 1979 ......... Graduate Teaching Associate, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 197 9 ...................M.A., Physical Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1979 - 1981 ......... Lecturer, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1981 - 1983 ......... Graduate Teaching Associate, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1983 - 1984 ......... Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina v 1984.................... Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina PUBLICATIONS Parker, M. and O'Sullivan, M. (1983). Modifying ALT-PE for game play contexts and other situations. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Monograph 1 , 8-10. Parker, M. and Graham, G. (1982). A Study Guide to Children Moving. Palo Alto, CA.,: Mayfield Publishing Company. Siedentop, D., Tousignant, M. and Parker, M. (1982). Academic Learning Time-Physical Education Coding Manual 1982 Revision. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. Graham, G., Holt/Hale, S., McEwen, T. and Parker, M. (1980). Children moving - A reflective approach to teaching children physical education. Palo Alto, CA.: Mayfield Publishing Company. Graham, G., Parker, M. and Sanders, S. (1976, October). Personalizing learning environments: A reaction. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation UPDATE. Writing Committee. (1975). Guidelines for a comprehensive program in elementary physical education. Georgia Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. Atlanta, GA.: State Department of Education, State of Georgia. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Physical Education-Teacher Education Professor Daryl Siedentop vi Studies in Outdoor Education Professors Charles Mand and Mary Jensen Studies in Instruction Professor John Hough Minor Field: Natural Resources Studies in

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