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What Is Interaction Design?

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What Is Interaction Design? Bad designs – Elevator controls and labels on the bottom row all look the same, so it is easy to push a label by Chapter 1: mistake instead of a control button What is interaction design? – People do not make same mistake for the labels and buttons on the top row. Why not? From: www.baddesigns.com Why is this vending machine Good design so bad? • Need to push • Marble answering machine (Bishop, button first to 1995) activate reader • Based on how • Normally insert everyday objects bill first before behave • Easy, intuitive and a making selection pleasure to use • Contravenes well • Only requires one- known convention step actions to perform core tasks From: www.baddesigns.com Good and bad design What to design • What is wrong with • Need to take into account: the Apex remote? – Who the users are • Why is the TiVo – What activities are being carried out – Where the interaction is taking place remote so much better designed? – Peanut shaped to fit • Need to optimize the interactions users have in hand with a product – So that they match the users’ activities and needs – Logical layout and color-coded, distinctive buttons – Easy to locate buttons 1 Understanding users’ needs Activity – Need to take into account what people are good and bad at • How does making a call differ – Consider what might help people in the way when using a: they currently do things – Cell phone – Think through what might provide quality user experiences – Public phone box? • Consider the kinds of user, type of – Listen to what people want and get them activity and context of use involved – Use tried and tested user-centered methods What is interaction design? Goals of interaction design • Designing interactive products to support the • Develop usable products way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives – Usability means easy to learn, – Sharp, Rogers and Preece (2007) effective to use and provide an enjoyable experience • The design of spaces for human communication and interaction • Involve users in the design process – Winograd (1997) Which kind of design? HCI and interaction design • Number of other terms used emphasizing what is being designed, e.g., – user interface design, software design, user-centered design, product design, web design, experience design (UX) • Interaction design is the umbrella term covering all of these aspects – fundamental to all disciplines, fields, and approaches concerned with researching and designing computer- based systems for people 2 Relationship between ID, HCI Relationship between ID, HCI and other fields and other fields • Academic disciplines contributing • Design practices contributing to to ID: ID: – Psychology – Graphic design – Social Sciences – Product design – Computing Sciences – Artist-design – Engineering – Industrial design – Ergonomics – Film industry – Informatics Relationship between ID, HCI Working in multidisciplinary and other fields teams • Many people from different • Interdisciplinary fields that ‘do’ backgrounds involved interaction design: • Different perspectives – HCI and ways of seeing – Human Factors and talking about things – Cognitive Engineering • Benefits – Cognitive Ergonomics – more ideas and designs generated – Computer Supported Co-operative Work • Disadvantages – Information Systems – difficult to communicate and progress forward the designs being create What do professionals do in the Interaction design in business ID business? • Increasing number of ID consultancies, examples of well known ones include: • interaction designers - people involved in the design of all the interactive aspects of a product – Nielsen Norman Group : “help companies enter the age of the consumer, designing human-centered products and services” • usability engineers - people who focus on evaluating – Cooper: ”From research and product to goal-related design” products, using usability methods and principles – Swim: “provides a wide range of design services, in each case targeted to address the product development needs at hand” • web designers - people who develop and create the visual – IDEO: “ creates products, services and environments for design of websites, such as layouts companies pioneering new ways to provide value to their customers” • information architects - people who come up with ideas of how to plan and structure interactive products QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor • user experience designers (UX) - people who do all the are needed to see this picture. above but who may also carry out field studies to inform the design of products 3 Why was the iPod user The User Experience experience such a success? • How a product behaves and is used by people in the real world – the way people feel about it and their pleasure and satisfaction when using it, looking at it, holding it, and opening or closing it – “every product that is used by someone has a user experience: newspapers, ketchup bottles, reclining armchairs, cardigan sweaters.” (Garrett, 2003) • Cannot design a user experience, only design for a user experience What is involved in the process Core characteristics of of interaction design interaction design • Users should be involved through the • Identifying needs and establishing requirements development of the project for the user experience • Specific usability and user experience goals • Developing alternative designs to meet these need to be identified, clearly documented and • Building interactive prototypes that can be agreed at the beginning of the project communicated and assessed • Iteration is needed through the core activities • Evaluating what is being built throughout the process and the user experience it offers Are cultural differences Why go to this length? important? • Help designers: • 5/21/1960 versus 21/5/1960? – understand how to design interactive – Which should be used for international products that fit with what people want, services and online forms? need and may desire – appreciate that one size does not fit all e.g., teenagers are very different to grown-ups • Why is it that certain products, like the – identify any incorrect assumptions they may iPod, are universally accepted by people have about particular user groups from all parts of the world whereas e.g., not all old people want or need big fonts websites are reacted to differently by – be aware of both people’s sensitivities and their capabilities people from different cultures? 4 Anna, IKEA online sales agent Usability goals • Designed to be different for UK and US • Effective to use customers • Efficient to use • What are the differences and which is which? • Safe to use • What should Anna’s • Have good utility appearance be like for other countries, • Easy to learn like India, South Africa, • Easy to remember how to use or China? Activity on usability User experience goals • satisfying • aesthetically pleasing • How long should it take and how • enjoyable • supportive of creativity long does it actually take to: • engaging • supportive of creativity • pleasurable • rewarding – Using a DVD to play a movie? • exciting • fun • entertaining • provocative – Use a DVD to pre-record two • helpful • surprising programs? • motivating • enhancing sociability • emotionally fulfilling • challenging – Using a web browser tool to create a website? QuickTime™ and a • boring • annoying TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • frustrating • cutsey Usability and user experience Design principles goals • Generalizable abstractions for thinking about • Selecting terms to convey a person’s feelings, different aspects of design emotions, etc., can help designers understand the multifaceted nature of the user experience • The do’s and don’ts of interaction design • What to provide and what not to provide at • How do usability goals differ from user the interface experience goals? • Derived from a mix of theory-based • Are there trade-offs between the two kinds of knowledge, experience and common-sense goals? – e.g. can a product be both fun and safe? • How easy is it to measure usability versus user experience goals? 5 Visibility Visibility • This is a control panel for an elevator …you need to insert your room card in the slot by the buttons to get the elevator to work! • How does it work? How would you make this action more visible? • Push a button for the floor you want? • make the card reader more obvious • provide an auditory message, that says what to do (which • Nothing happens. Push any other language?) button? Still nothing. What do you • provide a big label next to the card reader that flashes need to do? when someone enters From: • make relevant parts visible www.baddesigns.com It is not visible as to what to do! • make what has to be done obvious What do I do if I am wearing Feedback black? • Sending information back to the user about • Invisible automatic what has been done controls can make it • Includes sound, highlighting, animation and more difficult combinations of these to use – e.g. when screen button clicked on provides sound or red highlight feedback: “ccclichhk” Constraints Logical or ambiguous design? • Restricting the possible actions that can be • Where do you plug the mouse? performed • Helps prevent user from selecting incorrect • Where do you plug the options keyboard? • Physical objects can be designed to constrain things • top or bottom connector? – e.g. only one way you can insert a key into a lock • Do the color coded icons help? From: www.baddesigns.com 6 How to design them more Consistency logically (i) A provides
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