DOCSLIB.ORG

Accounting for Poverty in Africa: Illustration with Survey Data from Nigeria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Accounting for Poverty in Africa: Illustration with Survey Data from Nigeria No 149 – May 2012 Accounting for Poverty in Africa: Illustration with Survey Data from Nigeria John C. Anyanwu Editorial Committee Rights and Permissions All rights reserved. Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa (Chair) Anyanwu, John C. Verdier-Chouchane, Audrey The text and data in this publication may be Ngaruko, Floribert reproduced as long as the source is cited. Faye, Issa Reproduction for commercial purposes is Shimeles, Abebe Salami, Adeleke forbidden. The Working Paper Series (WPS) is produced by the Development Research Department of the African Development Bank. The WPS Coordinator disseminates the findings of work in progress, Salami, Adeleke preliminary research results, and development experience and lessons, to encourage the exchange of ideas and innovative thinking among researchers, development practitioners, policy makers, and donors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the Bank’s WPS are entirely Copyright © 2012 those of the author(s) and do not necessarily African Development Bank represent the view of the African Development Angle de l’avenue du Ghana et des rues Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries Pierre de Coubertin et Hédi Nouira they represent. BP 323 -1002 TUNIS Belvédère (Tunisia) Tel: +216 71 333 511 Fax: +216 71 351 933 Working Papers are available online at E-mail: [email protected] http:/www.afdb.org/ Correct citation: Anyanwu, John C, Accounting for Poverty in Africa: Illustration with Survey Data from Nigeria, Working Paper Series N° 149, African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Accounting for Poverty in Africa: Illustration with Survey Data from Nigeria John C. Anyanwu1 Working Paper No. 149 May 2012 Office of the Chief Economist 1 John C. Anyanwu is a Lead Research Economist at the Development Research Department, AFDB ([email protected]) Abstract Apart from presenting the poverty Moslem. The variables that are profile, this paper examines the negatively and significantly correlated correlates of poverty with multivariate with the probability of being poor are: models that predict the probability of age of the household head, quadratic of being poor using data from the Nigerian household size, residence in an urban National Consumer Survey (NCS) of area, post-secondary (tertiary) 2003/2004. The probability of a education attainment, being a Christian, household being poor was examined for and residence in the south south, the nation as a whole, as well as male- southeast, south west, and north east headed and female-headed households zones of the country. Based on the and for urban/rural geographical areas. results, we recommend a number of In particular, the variables that are policy interventions (including a broad positively and significantly correlated poverty reduction framework) necessary with the probability of being poor to reduce poverty in Nigeria and similar nationally are: household size, lack of African countries. education, residence in the North Central zone, being single, and being a Keywords: Poverty, Africa, Nigeria. JEL Classification: I32, I38 I. Introduction One of the targets for reducing extreme poverty in Africa involves halving the proportion of people living in absolute poverty from 48 percent in 1990 to 24 percent by 2015. Available data so far indicate that it is only the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia as well as Mauritius that have already met this target. Available data indicate, for example, that in Sub-Saharan Africa, the $1.25 a day poverty rate has shown no sustained decline over the whole period since 1981, starting and ending at roughly 50 percent at 2008 purchasing power parity (PPP) – the highest in the world (Figure 1). Indeed, in absolute terms, the number of poor people nearly doubled from 205 million in 1981 to 386 million in 2008 (Figure 2). If current trend continues, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty in Africa as a whole would be about 39 percent by 2015 – far greater than the targeted 24 percent. Source: Author, using data from The World Bank (2012): http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVCALNET/Resources/Global_Poverty_Update_2012_02-29-12.pdf Source: Author, using data from The World Bank (2012): http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVCALNET/Resources/Global_Poverty_Update_2012_02-29-12.pdf 5 Nigeria is one of those African countries that will not be able to reach the target poverty MDG target by 2015. Successive governments in Nigeria have initiated measures aimed at poverty (rural and urban) reduction since 1980. These include: the Green Revolution (1980); programs to alleviate the pains of Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) through the Directorate of Food, Road and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI) and the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) (1986); the People’s Bank of Nigeria (1990) (see Anyanwu and Uwatt, 1993); community banks; the Better Life Program (BLP); Family Support Program (FSP) and Family Economic Advancement Program (FEAP); establishment of National Agricultural Land Development Authority (NALDA) (1993) as well as the Agricultural Development Programs (ADP) and the Strategic Gains Reserves Programs (SGRP). Another key measure was the establishment of the Poverty Alleviation Program (PAP) (2000) which later metamorphosed into the Poverty Eradication Program (PEP) and culminated in the National Poverty Eradication Program (NAPEP) (2001). NAPEP has been organized around four schemes, namely, the Youth Empowerment Scheme (YES), Rural Infrastructure Development (RIDS), Social Welfare Schemes (SOWESS) and the National Resource Development and Conservation Scheme (NRDCS).2 We have also had periodic reviews of salaries/wages and tax rates and allowances as well as pensions for increase the purchasing power of civil and public servants. In addition, there is the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP) with the aim of building on the gains of PAP and PEP. One of the recent measures that attracted a lot of attention was the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), which was built on the interim PRSP. This medium term strategy (2003-2007) derived from the long-term goals of poverty reduction, wealth creation, employment generation and value re-orientation, being a national coordinated framework of action in close collaboration with the state and local governments and other stakeholders. The main strategies were anchored on: empowering people (Social Charter or Human Development Agenda); promoting private enterprise, and changing the way the government does its work (Reform Government and Institutions). The equivalent of NEEDS at State and Local Government levels were the State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (SEEDS) and Local Government Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (LEEDS). Though some of measures and reforms made some positive impacts, they proved unsustainable while at the same time failed to result in sustainable poverty reduction. A number of factors have been identified to contributing to the failure of these measures to achieve sustainable poverty reduction, including poor targeting mechanisms, lack of focus on the poor, program inconsistency, apparent disconnect between the government and the poor, poor implementation, and corruption (Adogamhe, 2010; Ugoh, and Ukpere, 2009; Ogwumike, 2002). Indeed, these earlier efforts to address poverty failed largely because they were badly implemented and had no particular focus on the poor in terms of design and implementation. Thus, an understanding of the various dimensions and determinants of poverty in Nigeria is a precondition for effective pro-poor development strategies in the country. This paper, therefore, examines the correlates of poverty with multivariate models that predict the probability of being poor using data from the Nigerian National Consumer Survey (NCS) of 2003/2004. The data covers 36 states and Abuja FCT. It comprises a large sample size of 19,158 usable households. The comparison of this data set to previous ones is summarized in Table 1. 2 See Ugoh and Ukpere (2009) and Obadan (2002) for full detailed discussion. 6 The analysis is useful, first, to verify the relative role of the various factors in determining poverty status, and second, to recommend policy changes to reduce poverty incidence in the country. The probability of a household being poor was examined for the nation as a whole, as well as male-headed and female-headed households and for urban/rural geographical areas. Table 1: Sample Sizes for NCS Data Sets, 1980 -2004 Year Sample Design Urban Rural Total Three Stages-towns, EAs, No (%) No (%) 1980 Households 5,582 54.3 4,698 45.7 10,280 1985 Two Stages- EAs, HHs 5,273 56.6 4,044 43.4 9,317 1992 Two Stages- EAs, HHs 3,978 41.0 5,719 59.0 9,697 1996 Two Stages- EAs, HHs 3,037 21.1 11,358 78.9 14,395 2003/ Two Stages- EAs, HHs 4,646 24.2 14,512 75.8 19,158 2004 Source: Federal Office Statistics (1999), National Bureau of Statistics (2005) and NBS Data Files. Thus the further contents of the paper can therefore be adumbrated as follows. Section II discusses the incidence of poverty in Nigeria using the nationwide survey results (2003/2004) while Section III presents the empirical estimates of the determinants of poverty in Nigeria. In section IV, first, a regression for the entire country was estimated, second, geographic area regressions were estimated (urban and rural), third, the probability of being poor is presented for male-headed and female-headed (gender) households. Section V concludes the paper with policy implications. II. Nigeria’s Poverty Profile: Trend and Dimension 2.1. Trend in Poverty Incidence Table 2 shows the national levels and population in poverty from 1980 to 2010 - see also Figure 3. Starting from 28.1 per cent in 1980, national poverty reached 66.9 per cent in 1996 before falling to 54.4 per cent in 2003/2004 – and then reaching a peak in 2010 to 69 per cent. However the population in poverty continues to rise – from 18.3 million in 1980 to 68.7 million in 2003/2004 and 112.5 million in 2010.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Addressing Poverty Challenges in Nigeria Afriheritage Policy Brief
    No. 21, July 2019 AfriHeritage Policy Brief Addressing Poverty Challenges in Nigeria Chimere O. Iheonu Nathaniel E. Urama Summary Despite the various poverty alleviation programmes adopted by various governments in Nigeria, over 93 million Nigerians still live in poverty, with at least three million sliding into extreme poverty between November 2018 and February 2019 (Olayinka, 2019). This is a clear indication of the ineffectiveness of these policies and programmes, which is attributable to corruption, high level of inequality in income distribution, low literacy rate and poor skill set, political instability, and poor leadership. It is therefore clear that for there to be an effective poverty alleviation programme in the country, there is a need for corruption to be adequately tackled on all facades; invest largely in quality education by increasing budgetary allocation to education and reviewing the curricula to capture the required skill set. The political system should be restructured to ensure effective and stable governance that cares for the poor. These will increase the population of middle-class in Nigerian, increase demand for locally made goods and services which will in turn, boost local productivity, and ultimately increase employment. Poverty Profile in Nigeria world, with 86.9 million Nigerians living in Figure 1 presents a graphical view of extreme poverty in 2018. In India, about 72 poverty in Nigeria relative to other million people are extremely poor, and the countries. The table shows that Nigeria has Democratic Republic of Congo has about 61 the highest rate of extreme poverty in the million of her citizens living in poverty. Figure 1: Top 10 Countries of People Living in Extreme Poverty (2018) AfriHeritage Policy Brief No.
    [Show full text]
  • Millennium Development Goals (Mdgs) and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria Cyprian Clement Abur 1, Emmanuel Eche 2, Japheth Terande Torruam 3 1 Economics Department, Kwararafa University Wukari,Nigeria. [email protected] 2 Economics Department, Kwararafa University Wukari,Nigeria. [email protected] 3 Mathematics/ Statistics/ Computer Science Department, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria. [email protected] Abstract – The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are targeted at eradicating extreme hunger and poverty in the 189 member countries of the United Nations (UN). Nigeria as a member of the United Nation keyed into the implementation of the framework of the goals by formulating the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), NEEDS as a policy is targeted at eradicating poverty and bringing about sustainable development. This is done through the establishment of Agencies like the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP). However, the scourge of poverty is till been felt by the majority of the citizens of the country who do not have access to primary health care, water and food. This paper analyses the effect of eradicating poverty in Nigeria via the instrumentality of the MDGs and concludes that government at various levels must come up with genuine poverty reduction programme if the challenges of poverty must be tackled. The study recommends that long-term strategic plans that address unemployment, taking into consideration the educational curriculum and the needs of the labour market as well as strengthening the human and financial capacity of poverty alleviation institutions in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Capital and Poverty Reduction in Niger State, Nigeria: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2016, Vol. 6, No. 11 ISSN: 2222-6990 Social Capital and Poverty Reduction in Niger State, Nigeria: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach Mukaila Adebisi Ijaiya1; Dayang Affizah Awang Marikan2 & Norimah Rambeli @ Ramli3 1PhD Student, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak 2Senior lecturer, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak 3Department of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim Perak DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2397 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2397 Abstract Despite the numerous policy/strategy put in place by the Nigeria government since independent in other to reduce the poverty rate in the country, evidence shows that the rate of poverty is still on the increase. This paper looked at the impact of social capital on poverty reduction in Niger State, Nigeria. Based on the important and relevance of social capital to economic performance both at the micro and macro level, it is argued that it has an important role in poverty reduction. Social capital has seen as a missing link to poverty reduction. To this end, social capital has been depicted as an empirically elusive concept, and as the glue that holds society together. Using a set of household data generated from the administration of structured questionnaire to 479 households in Niger State. This paper aims to investigate the impact of social capital on poverty reduction in Niger State, Nigeria, using structural equation modelling approach (AMOS). The social capital variables considered are the one suggested by Putman which includes, community volunteerism, community organizational life, commitment in public affairs, informal cooperation and trust.
    [Show full text]
  • Inequality in Nigeria 12
    Photo: Moshood Raimi/Oxfam Acknowledgement This report was written and coordinated by Emmanuel Mayah, an investigative journalist and the Director Reporters 360, Chiara Mariotti (PhD), Inequality Policy Manager, Evelyn Mere, who is Associate Country Director Oxfam in Nigeria and Celestine Okwudili Odo, Programme Coordinator Governance, Oxfam in Nigeria Several Oxfam colleagues gave valuable input and support to the finalisation of this report, and therefore deserve special mention. They include: Deborah Hardoon, Nick Galasso, Paul Groenewegen, Ilse Balstra, Henry Ushie, Chioma Ukwuagu, Safiya Akau, Max Lawson, Head of Inequality Policy Oxfam International, and Jonathan Mazliah. a former Oxfam staffer. Our partners also made invaluable contributions in the campaign strategy development and report review process. We wish to thank BudgIT Information Technology Network; National Association of Nigeria Traders (NANTS),Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC), Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group (NDEBUMOG, KEBETKACHE Women Development and Resource Centre and the African Centre for Corporate Responsibility (ACCR). Ruona J. Meyer and Thomas Fuller did an excellent job editing the report, while the production process was given a special touch by BudgIT Information Technology Network, our Inequality Campaign partner. © Oxfam International May 2017 This publication is copyright but the text may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education, and research, provided that the source is acknowledged in full. The copyright holder requests that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, permission must be secured and a fee may be charged.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Poverty Crisis: a Childhood Living Below the Line in Nigeria and Uganda
    Global Majority E-Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2 (December 2020), pp. 77–88 Child Poverty Crisis: A Childhood Living Below the Line in Nigeria and Uganda Cameron Fisher Abstract This article looks at the crisis of excluded and invisible children in Nigeria and Uganda. It examines the evolution of some key indicators, including infant mortality, under-five mortality, birth registration rates, children out of school, and the percentage of employed children at primary school age. These indicators show that both countries have made some progress in reducing multidimensional child poverty, but much more remains to be done. The article also reviews government plans and programs in Nigeria and Uganda, and then discusses some recommendations and ethical concerns. I. Introduction In 1989, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention of the Rights of the Child to establish the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of every child, no matter their race, religion or abilities.1 This Convention was a turning point in how the world was going to treat children of lesser backgrounds; establishing rights relating to disabilities, economic status and mental health; virtually stating that each child is entitled to basic needs to help them reach their fullest potential.2 Though this is an acknowledged piece of international legislation, there are still many children who fall between the cracks, including in Nigeria and Uganda. Every human on the planet is born with a name, each of them has a face, and every single one of them has a story. Whether society chooses to recognize that story is another concern.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT the FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE the EFFECTIVENESS of POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS in NIGERIA Nigeria Has Had a Long Fight Wi
    ABSTRACT THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS IN NIGERIA by Roseline Jindori Yunusa Nigeria has had a long fight with poverty since its independence, various policies and poverty alleviation programs have been put in place with the goal to eradicate poverty; however they have not yielded the expected result. The goal of this qualitative study was to investigate the claim by beneficiaries that poverty alleviation programs do not solve the poverty situation in Nigeria, in addition explore the reasons they gave for why programs have not been successful, and what could make them more successful. There is a general feeling of frustration and lack of confidence in government organized programs, stemming from policy formulation and in appropriately targeting the poor. The problems of poverty alleviation programs as seen by this study are that, policy makers have no knowledge about the culture of poverty or the emotional preparedness that people need to break family generation cycle of poverty and ultimately transition out of poverty. THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS IN NIGERIA A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science Department of Family Studies and Social Work by Roseline Jindori Yunusa Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2012 Advisor…………………………. Sherrill L. Sellers PhD Reader………………………… Katherine A. Kuvalanka, PhD Reader………………………….. Kevin R. Bush, PhD Table of Contents TABLE
    [Show full text]
  • Easing the “Disease” of Poverty in Nigeria
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.4, No.19, 2014 Easing the “Disease” of Poverty in Nigeria Raheem, S; Ayeni, J.O and Fashedemi, A.O Centre for Entreprenuership Development, Ce D, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos. [email protected] Abstract This paper examines the issue of poverty in Nigeria, its causes, previous attempts made by past and present administrations aimed at taming the monster coupled with the way forward for the country. Poverty itself is as old as the whole world. One of the Holy Scriptures even stated that the poor shall never seize in your midst. Poverty is a devil it stirs a lot of misgiving. This is because it has a very devastating influence on its victims. It reduces the social and psychological prestige of its victims. Poverty is a condition of being poor. The quest to eradicate poverty has been identified as the most critical challenge facing development in the world today. Women and children are disproportionately affected by poverty. Poverty has been a serious challenge to governments in Nigeria. Its effect, which includes lack and deprivation in the basic necessities of life, is worrisome. Poverty humiliates and dehumanizes its victim . Nigeria is Africa’s most populous nation. It is also one of the poorest countries in the world. Rapid progress in reducing poverty in Nigeria is dependent upon improved access to basic services, particularly health and education.
    [Show full text]
  • Galloping Poverty in Nigeria: an Appraisal of Government Interventionist Policies
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Landmark University Repository From the SelectedWorks of Segun Oshewolo January 2010 Galloping Poverty in Nigeria: An Appraisal of Government Interventionist Policies Contact Start Your Own Notify Me Author SelectedWorks of New Work Available at: http://works.bepress.com/segun_oshewolo/25 Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.6, 2010) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania GALLOPING POVERTY IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL OF GOVERNMENT’S INTERVENTIONIST POLICIES Segun Oshewolo Department of Political Science, University of Ilorin, Nigeria ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the poverty situation in Nigeria. Poverty holds sway in the midst of plenty, a situation described in Nigeria’s political lexicon as a ‘bewildering paradox’. Among the committee of nations, Nigeria has been described as poor. Even on the continent of Africa, using selected world development indicators, Nigeria is poorly ranked. Although several programs have been designed by the State to combat the scourge, their impacts on the poor population have been substantially impaired by corruption, weak administration, and poor inter-sectoral governance system. These, in the opinions of observers, have been the major challenges to poverty reduction in Nigeria. To halt the galloping nature of Nigeria’s poverty situation, the paper contends that the Nigerian state should be reformed and repositioned; conducive environment should be created for the development of market and civil society institutions; and inter-sectoral governance system should be encouraged. Keywords: Poverty; Governance; Human Development INTRODUCTION The rising profile of poverty in Nigeria is assuming a worrisome dimension as empirical studies have shown.
    [Show full text]
  • Raging Poverty and Agricultural Output in Nigeria: an Empirical Investigation
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online) Vol.5, No.6, 2014 Raging Poverty and Agricultural Output in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation Bashir Olayinka Kolawole*,Olufunsho Abayomi Omobitan Department of Economics, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 0001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The contribution of agriculture to poverty reduction is a well-known fact following the experience of certain economies around the world. Majority of these economies falls within the developed countries where a substantial percentage of their agricultural products is imported from developing nations. In this light, as Nigeria is an agrarian economy with increasing level of poverty, this study empirically investigates the impact of agricultural sector on poverty reduction in the country over the period 1986 to 2012. Among econometric techniques employed for the research, the error correction mechanism (ECM) model reveals that food production index and government spending had negative impact on poverty headcount ratio in the country. Keywords: Agriculture; Poverty headcount ratio; food production index; GDP per capita; ECM; Nigeria JEL Classification: I32 1.Introduction Agriculture is very important to all countries in the world. It is, however, more important in developing nations because of the numerous roles it plays in the community, providing employment to a larger proportion of the populace than in industrial nations. A significant phenomenon is that fragile and difficult environments characterize third world agriculture (Chambers, Pacey & Thrupp 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Governance and Enthronement of Poverty in Nigeria
    ial Scien oc ce S s d J n o u a r s n t a r l A Arts and Social Sciences Journal Anthony O, et al., Arts Social Sci J 2014, 5:2 DOI: 10.4172/2151-6200.1000067 ISSN: 2151-6200 Review Article Open Access Governance and Enthronement of Poverty in Nigeria Anthony Onyishi1 and Christian Ezeibe2* 1Department of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 2Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Christian Ezeibe, Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Tel: +2348037741813; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: December 19, 2013, Accepted date: April 29, 2014, Published date: May 6, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Ezeibe, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract At the primary stage of human development, man struggled against his fellow man in his quest to achieve the essential needs of food, clothing and shelter. But the gradual and steady progress toward communal living was attended by the syndrome of collectivism. From this stage man evolved to nation-state status with the emergence of modern governmental system as one of its towering features. Henceforth, the socio-economic and political fortunes of nation-states have come to bear a direct relationship to the integrity of their governance systems. This paper takes a hard look at public governance in Nigeria. Relying on historical and contemporary data, we found that the enthronement of instrumentalist Nigerian state principally accounts for not only the quantum but also the structure of poverty in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption and Poverty in Nigeria a Report
    Corruption and Poverty In Nigeria A Report ActionAid permits a reproduction of extracts from this publication on the condition that there is due acknowledgement of its original copyrights and a copy of the publication using the extract is sent to the address below. Published by ActionAid Nigeria Plot 477, 41 Crescent, Off Sa’adu Zungur Avenue, Gwarimpa Abuja. P.M.B. 1890, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria +234(0)812 8888 825-7 [email protected] www.actionaid.org/nigeria ActionAidNigeria ActionAidNG © 2015. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-978-946-173-8 Table of Contents Foreword 6 Executive Summary 8 Section 1: Introduction 14 Background to the Study Corruption and Poverty Poverty in Nigeria Corruption in Nigeria Aims and Objectives of Study Methodology of Research Conceptualising Corruption Conceptualising Poverty Corruption and Poverty: A Review of Literature Section 2: Poverty In Nigeria 22 Dimensions of Poverty in Nigeria Policy Responses to Poverty An Assessment of Poverty Reduction Policies Section 3: Corruption In Nigeria 30 Manifestations and Dimensions of Corruption in Nigeria Actors and Drivers of Corruption Corruption and the Private Sector Oil and Gas Sector The Banking Sector Legal and Institutional Responses to Corruption in Nigeria Criminal Code and Penal Code Code of Conduct Bureau Independent Corrupt Practices Commission Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Transparency Section 4: Corruption, Poverty And Governance In Nigeria 46 Evidence from Existing Studies Measuring Corruption and Poverty Citizens’ Perception of Trend
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Poverty and Inequality in Nigeria: Executive Summary *Full Report Will Be Published at a Later Date*
    NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS 2019 Poverty and Inequality in Nigeria: Executive Summary *Full Report Will Be Published At A Later Date* (2019) Report Date: May 2020 Data Source: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) CONTENTS Poverty In Nigeria, 2019: Measurement And Estimates 1 Executive Summary 1 Poverty Measurement 1 Construction of official poverty lines 3 Poverty Measurement 4 Poverty rates 5 Annex 23 Acknowledgment and Contact 25 POVERTY IN NIGERIA, 2019: MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATES Executive Summary 1. The Nigerian Living Standards Survey (NLSS) is the official survey that is the basis for measuring poverty and living standards. Between September of 2018 and October of 2019, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) conducted the latest round of the NLSS after a decade. It is representative at the state level with a sample size of 22,110 households, focusing on increasing the understanding of living conditions of the Nigerian population. The survey collected data on household and individual demographics (age, gender, marital status, among others), access to education, health and basic services, employment, assets, and income. The survey is used to measure prevalence of poverty and to estimate a wide range of socio-economic indicators including benchmarking of the Sustainable Development Goals. 2. Several important methodological improvements were implemented in NLSS 2018-19 compared to the last official survey from 2009-10. First, the NLSS was designed and collected using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) software on tablet devices. This significantly improved quality and speed of data collection and processing. Second, by administering a seven-day recall food consumption module instead of a month-long diary (as done previously), the survey improved accuracy and cost-effectiveness of collecting food expenditures data.
    [Show full text]