mathematics Article Transferable Utility Cooperative Differential Games with Continuous Updating Using Pontryagin Maximum Principle Jiangjing Zhou 1, Anna Tur 2 , Ovanes Petrosian 3,4 and Hongwei Gao 1,* 1 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
[email protected] 2 St. Petersburg State University, 7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
[email protected] 3 School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
[email protected] 4 Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 35, Petergof, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: We consider a class of cooperative differential games with continuous updating making use of the Pontryagin maximum principle. It is assumed that at each moment, players have or use information about the game structure defined in a closed time interval of a fixed duration. Over time, information about the game structure will be updated. The subject of the current paper is to construct players’ cooperative strategies, their cooperative trajectory, the characteristic function, and the cooperative solution for this class of differential games with continuous updating, particularly by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle as the optimality conditions. In order to demonstrate this method’s novelty, we propose to compare cooperative strategies, trajectories, characteristic functions, and corresponding Shapley values for a classic (initial) differential game and a differential game with continuous updating. Our approach provides a means of more profound modeling of conflict controlled processes. In a particular example, we demonstrate that players’ behavior is braver at the beginning of the game with continuous updating because they lack the information for the whole game, and they are “intrinsically time-inconsistent”.