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The Roosevelt–Rondon Expedition Marmoset Mico Marcai: Unveiling the Conservation Status of a Data Deficient Species

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The Roosevelt–Rondon Expedition Marmoset Mico Marcai: Unveiling the Conservation Status of a Data Deficient Species The Roosevelt–Rondon expedition marmoset Mico marcai: unveiling the conservation status of a Data Deficient species F ELIPE E NNES S ILVA,HANI R OCHA E L B IZRI,JONAS DA R OSA G ONÇALVES L ÍSLEY P. LEMOS,RODRIGO C OSTA-ARAÚJO,IVAN J. LIMA A LINE T AVARES S ANTOS,MARCELO I SMAR S ANTANA C AETANO L. B. FRANCO and J EAN P. BOUBLI Abstract The Roosevelt–Rondon Expedition marmoset on the IUCN Red List based on criterion Ac. Other Mico marcai was first collected in and all information Amazonian marmosets require similar reassessment as on this primate previously came from three skins brought their ranges also fall in the path of the arc of deforestation. back by this expedition. As a result, M. marcai is categorized Keywords Brazil, conservation status, Data Deficient, forest as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List. As the presumed loss, marmoset, Mico marcai,Roosevelt–Rondon Expedition, range of M. marcai lies on the path of the advancing arc southern Amazonia of deforestation in Brazil, the collection of relevant data to assess the conservation status of this Amazonian species is Supplementary material for this article is available at of some urgency. Here we present the first field data on the https://doi.org/./S distribution and population size of, and threats to, M. mar- cai, to reassess the species’ conservation status. During – we surveyed the species in the Marmelos– Introduction Aripuanã interfluve, and estimated its density using distance ’ sampling. We also used spatial predictive modelling to esti- he assessment of a species extinction risk is the first mate forest loss within the species range under two deforest- Tstep towards its conservation. Species for which eco- ation scenarios. We found the marmoset in localities logical and population data are lacking are categorized on and estimated its extent of occurrence to be , km . the IUCN Red List as Data Deficient (IUCN, ), but it We estimated the species’ density to be . individuals/ is preferable that such species are assessed fully as they km and extrapolated this to estimate a total population of could potentially be threatened. One such species is ’ , individuals (CI ,–,). Under a business- Marca s marmoset Mico marcai, endemic to southern as-usual deforestation scenario, c. , km of forest, Amazonia, an area heavily impacted by the advancing comprising % of the species’ range, would be lost in Brazilian agricultural frontier. In the Brazilian National three marmoset generations (c. years), and we, therefore, Threat Assessment of Primates (ICMBio, ) M. marcai recommend that M. marcai be categorized as Vulnerable was the only marmoset categorized as Data Deficient, and it has the same categorization on the IUCN Red List (Rylands & Silva Jr, ). This primate was first observed and collected by the Roosevelt–Rondon Expedition in FELIPE ENNES SILVA* (Corresponding author) and JEAN P. BOUBLI‡ School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT, Salford, UK but remained overlooked in the National Museum of Rio de E-mail [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-0847 Janeiro mammal collection for years until Alperin (), HANI ROCHA EL BIZRI†,JONAS DA ROSA GONÇALVES†,‡,LÍSLEY P. LEMOS,IVAN in a revision of all marmosets of the argentata group, de- J. LIMA,ALINE TAVARES SANTOS†,‡ and CAETANO L. B. FRANCO Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil scribed it as a new taxon, Callithrix argentata marcai. This taxon was later elevated to full species and included RODRIGO COSTA-ARAÚJO Laboratorio de Evolução e Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil in the genus Mico (Rylands et al., ). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-4892 The museum tag of the type specimen of M. marcai in- MARCELO ISMAR SANTANA Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, dicates it was collected at the confluence of the Roosevelt Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, and Aripuanã Rivers (Alperin, ; Fig. ). In van Distrito Federal, Brazil Roosmalen et al. () described a new species of marmo- *Also at: Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil †Also at: School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan set, M. manicorensis; its type locality is the confluence of University, Manchester, UK, and Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre the Manicoré and Madeira Rivers (Fig. ). However, the hy- en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru ‡ pothesized distribution of M. manicorensis encompasses the Also at: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, – Brazil Manicoré Aripuanã interfluve, including the type locality Received November . Revision requested January . of M. marcai. Based on examination of the few available spe- Accepted February . First published online November . cimens, Garbino () proposed that the van Roosmalen Oryx, 2020, 54(4), 539–545 © 2018 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605318000303 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 28 Sep 2021 at 22:46:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318000303 540 F. E. Silva et al. FIG. 1 Locations of the transects used to survey for Mico marcai during January–February , sightings from –, earlier records from other observers (van Roosmalen et al., ; Rohe, ; Garbino, ) and the type locality (Alperin, ), in the Aripuanã– Marmelos interfluve of the Brazilian Amazon. Juma SDR, Açaí Grande Juma Development Reserve. et al. () manicorensis was a junior synonym of marcai. encroachment, logging and infrastructure projects (Nepstad Silva et al. () presented the first information on the spe- et al., ; Vieira et al., ). The study area lies in the mu- cies occurrence in the wild, near its type locality, and dis- nicipality of Manicoré that, with Apuí municipality, is the cussed potential threats to the species. main area for livestock production in Amazonas State, Here we present the first investigation of the distribution forming the arc of cattle ranching (Carrero et al., ). and potential population size of M. marcai, using both field The area is considered a deforestation hotspot because of surveys and existing records, and assess the species’ conser- the presence of the federal road BR-, also known as the vation status. In addition, using spatial predictive modelling, Trans-Amazonian Highway (Fearnside et al., ; Carrero we predict the potential effect of two alternative land-use & Fearnside, ). scenarios on the species’ habitat. We believe this is the first study to categorize the conservation status of a Data Deficient Amazonian primate using uring a combination Methods of field surveys and remote sensing data. Surveys – Study area During we carried out six expeditions to the Marmelos–Aripuanã interfluve to survey for marmosets This study was carried out in the Marmelos–Aripuanã inter- and other primates, totalling days of fieldwork. Our sur- fluve, two right bank tributaries of the Madeira River in veys included the confluence of the Roosevelt and Aripuanã Brazil (Fig. ). The climate is tropical, with a short dry season rivers, the upper and lower Manicoré River, and the mid in July–September, a mean annual temperature of °C and Aripuanã River (Fig. ). Surveys were conducted using exist- a mean annual precipitation of ,–, mm/year ing trails and roads, and with small boats. We recorded the (Hayakawa & Rossetti, ). The vegetation comprises location of all sightings, with a GPS, and, using these loca- mostly upland forest, and seasonally flooded forests (open lity records and data from the literature (Ferrari, ; van and dense lowland rainforest), and patches of pioneer Roosmalen et al., ; Alperin, ;Röhe,;Garbino, and savannah-like vegetation (Supplementary Fig. ; ), we defined the species’ extent of occurrence (EOO, Anderson, ). This region lies within the arc of deforest- sensu IUCN, ). We followed the IUCN () guidelines ation region of Amazonia, which is under severe threat from to calculate the EOO as the minimum convex polygon that the rapidly expanding Brazilian agricultural frontier, urban contains all of the species’ records (IUCN, ). Assuming Oryx, 2020, 54(4), 539–545 © 2018 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605318000303 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 28 Sep 2021 at 22:46:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318000303 Status of Mico marcai 541 rivers are effective barriers to primate dispersal (Ayres & the estimated geographical range of the species and used Clutton-Brock, ), we adjusted this EOO accordingly predictive deforestation models to assess how much of the to measure the total area potentially occupied by the species species range will be lost by the end of (in years). (i.e. its geographical range). The IUCN criterion A assesses extinction risk over three To estimate the species’ density and abundance we sur- generations, and years is c. three generations for Mico leu- veyed two sites during January–February . Survey tran- cippe (Mittermeier & Rylands, ; Nishijima et al., ; sects were near the species’ type locality and along the lower data on generation time or lifespan for M. marcai are Manicoré River. In total, we opened six transects in the for- unavailable). mer site and four in the latter, averaging . ± SD . km Data on the annual rate of deforestation during
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