AUSTRALIAN ARCHEAN MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC MAGMATIC EVENTS Sheet 1 of 2 Broome

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

AUSTRALIAN ARCHEAN MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC MAGMATIC EVENTS Sheet 1 of 2 Broome AUSTRALIAN ARCHEAN MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC MAGMATIC EVENTS Sheet 1 of 2 Broome 114° 120° 126° 132° 138° 120° 130° 140° 150° 120° Sheet 1: Map of Australian Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Magmatic Events, Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Magmatic Events 18° 10° Time–Space–Event Chart 10° Sheet 2: Maps of Interpreted Distribution, Characterisation, and Nickel Archean Magmatic Events (AME) are defined from the published ages of mafic and AME 17 Resources of Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks in the ultramafic rocks in each province and their temporal and spatial relationships are A AME 6 Port Hedland Yilgarn Craton summarised in the 'Time–Space–Event' Chart. Time-equivalent magmatism in different AME 6 a e an provinces does not necessarily imply cogenetic magmatism. The informal event names are rr Undefined AME 3 B Te AME 3 West Pilbara Mount Isa Locations of additional ages and other geological data e ra C taken from dated examples n AME 2 ba a C Terrane NORTHERNil TERRITORY r P East Pilbara (arranged on 1:5 000 000 map from north to south) r Dampier AME 13 AME 8 l AME 2 AME 17 AME 6 e D AME 6 a D T tr Terrane AME 16 Bradley Event AME 6 (mu): ~3115 Ma; a Port Hedland Undefined en A ra AME 16 C PILBARA a Dominantly mafic-ultramafic rock units are shown with bold colours a AME 4 b Undefined AME 4 3117 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) tuff interbedded with basalt of Woodbrook Formation, ilb CRATON AME 6 AME 16 AME 6 AME 6 West Pilbara P East Pilbara F Woodbrook Homestead, Pilbara Craton b Terrane AME 8 F Terrane B al PILBARA ntr AME 13 HAMERSLEY 20° Subordinate mafic-ultramafic rocks of the same age within a regional rock package are e Undefined AME 5 Undefined 20° Dampier C G BASIN Bradley Event AME 6 (mu): ~3115 Ma; shown with pale colours AME 16 AME 5 d AME 13 AME 13 b AME 18 AME 5 d (1) 3125 ± 4 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) felsic tuff from top of Nallana Formation that underlies AME 13 G the Bradley Basalt, Mount Sholl, and (2) 3116 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) rhyodacite E PILBARA AME 16 AME 8 Undefined Note that the presence of mafic and ultramafic rocks in some areas is interpreted only from AME 16 Mosquito Creek Basin AME 16 AME 18 interbedded with metabasalt of Bradley Basalt, Mount Fisher, Pilbara Craton CRATON AME 13 geophysical data. Further occurrences of these rocks may exist under cover AME 18 AME 13 CRATON Munni Munni Event AME 8 (mu): ~2925 Ma; Undefined c AME 16 c c Pannawonica (1) 2927 ± 13 Ma (Sm-Nd mineral isochron) PGE-bearing porphyritic websterite; (2) 2925 ± 2 Ma AME 8 Undefined AME 18 AME 16 f In the period ~2820 Ma to ~2660 Ma there is an apparent ~160 Ma continuum of Archean e Kurrana Terrane AME 8 E AME 8 (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon-baddeleyite) pegmatitic gabbro; and (3) 2924 ± 5 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) HAMERSLEY AME 13 AME 18 monzonite dyke cutting Munni Munni Intrusion, Pilbara Craton magmatic ages which may not be accurately resolved into distinct magmatic episodes by AME 13 g Exmouth AME 18 H f AME 16 AME 13 Undefined AME 18 e YILGARN available geochronology. 'Magmatic Events' are named at 10 Ma intervals within this period AME 18 AME 18 GAWLER AME 16 AME 18 CRATON Honeyeater Event AME 5 (mu): ~3175 Ma; AME 18 BASIN I CRATON 30° d Alice Springs 30° 3182 ± 2 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) unnamed subvolcanic sill of Dalton Suite that intrudes Undefined AME 15 Soanesville Group sedimentary rocks, Sulphur Springs, Pilbara Craton Dominant Subordinate Undefined AME 16 HAMERSLEY Mosquito Creek Basin 24° Paraburdoo AME 13 SYLVANIA AME 13 AME 18 KurranaTerrane Maddina Event AME 18 (m): ~2715 Ma; INLIER e g H 2717 ± 2 Ma dacite interlayered with basalt and shoshonitic rocks of Maddina Formation, AME 26 (mu): ~2520 Ma (Lake Harris Event) Booloomba Pool, Hamersley Basin J Undefined Undefined AME 13 AME 15 AME 16 I AME 18 f Kathleen Valley Event AME 16 (mu): ~2735 Ma; AME 25 (mu): ~2560 Ma (Devils Playground Event) AME 18 Yulara 2741 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) tuff directly underlying and chemically related to INSET AME 13 AME 16 BASIN overlying basalt of Kylena Basalt, Nullagine, Hamersley Basin Most Archean mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Yilgarn Craton are AME 24 (m): ~2625 Ma (Kaluweerie Event) 24° W E S T E R N A U S T R A L I A Black Range Event AME 13 (m): ~2770 Ma; not assigned to an Archean Magmatic Event because the solid- 40° g geology coverage is not assigned with stratigraphic Formation or 40° 2775 ± 10 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) felsic volcanic rock near base of Mount Roe Basalt, Member information. In the Pilbara Craton and Hamersley Basin the Wyloo Dome, Hamersley Basin mafic and ultramafic rocks have generally been formally Undefined AME 23 (m): ~2665 Ma (Coates Siding Event) Undefined Carnarvon e stratigraphically characterised and can in some cases be assigned to AME 13 W E S T E R N A U S T R A L I A n Washburton AME 18 AME 18 a AME 11 Magmatic Events Paraburdoo Narndee Event AME 11 (mu): ~2800 Ma; rr h h e Generalised Geology of Australia 2799 ± 2 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) volcaniclastic unit conformably underlying komatiite, Lordy Bore, AME 22 (m): ~2675 Ma (Golden Mile Event) T AME 12 AME 9 Meekatharra, Yilgarn Craton. Greenstones in the Meekatharra to Cue area of the Murchison Domain range r 110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° in age from ~2820 Ma to ~2720 Ma and have been divided into three groups by GSWA, each containing e L M AME 7 y Scale 1:2 500 000 SYLVANIA INLIER basaltic and komatiitic basaltic rocks. To the south and southwest, at Yalgoo and at Mount Gibson, mafic to AME 21 (mu): ~2685 Ma (Mount Pleasant Event) rr Undefined Wiluna N 0 50 100 150 200 250 Kilometres Geological ages (in million years: Ma) AME 1 a AME 14 SOUTH AUSTRALIA ultramafic volcanic rocks are overlain by felsic volcanic rocks, and/or intruded by granitic rocks in N Meekatharra AME 14 K AME 16 j Oodnadatta the range 2935 Ma to 2919 Ma, and are thus older than these ages AME 14 P Geographic Projection. Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 AME 15 Cenozoic Paleozoic Archean AME 20 (mu): ~2695 Ma (Williamstown Event) AME 11 O J (0 to 65 Ma) (251 Ma to 542 Ma) (2500 Ma to 4000 Ma) i 24° 24° i Mount Warren Event AME 14 (mu): ~2755 Ma; Mesozoic Proterozoic 2761 ± 1 Ma (TIMS U-Pb zircon) rhyolitic tuff associated with high-Mg basalt and INSET (65 Ma to 251 Ma) (542 Ma to 2500 Ma) AME 19 (mu): ~2705 Ma (Kambalda Event) Cue komatiite, Emily Well, Cue, Yilgarn Craton AME 15 WESTERN AUSTRALIA YILGARN S 120° k o Mount Warren Event AME 14 (mu): ~2755 Ma; K AME 19 u j AME 11 al AME 18 (m): ~2715 Ma (Maddina Event) AME 18 t 2755 ± 5 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) hornblende plagiogranite interpreted to be fractionate of AME 18 h m S O U T H A U S T R A L I A g e B R Coober Pedy layered gabbro intrusion, Hootanui Well, Duketon, Yilgarn Craton o u Mount Magnet r l M Laverton r AME 10 n Q o tv Domain Undifferentiated i edy u AME 24 r l P C l ber NORTHERN TERRITORY AME 17 (m): ~2725 Ma (Gidley Event) l oo Sylvania Event AME 15 (m): ~2745 Ma; r i e C Domain k Y e r c o o Mount Woods 2745 ± 4 Ma (TIMS U-Pb zircon) felsic tuff associated with high-Mg basalt and komatiite, h u T T e s Leonora i a rr Domain s n e a Only those geological provinces containing Archean Dalgaranga Homestead, Yilgarn Craton m s n Undefined 120° 130° Undefined o r e n i mafic and ultramafic rocks are labelled ai r AME 16 (mu): ~2735 Ma (Kathleen Valley Event) D om n Ter an ie D ra o K st Undefined ne Undefined ri Maddina Event AME 18 (m): ~2715 Ma; m e h l u C AME 11 r 30° 2719 ± 6 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) granophyric unit of Dalgaranga Gabbro, a AME 23 n 20° Geraldton in 3 AME 15 (m): ~2745 Ma (Sylvania Event) S i a a n l AME 21 m Dalgaranga Homestead, Yilgarn Craton U o p o 2 i D 1 D AME 21 T n a T 2 en AME 26 o e g AME 25 20° Kambalda Event AME 19 (mu): ~2705 Ma or Williamstown Event AME 20 (mu): ~2695 Ma; r il m AME 14 (mu): ~2755 Ma (Mount Warren Event) m r AME 21 Undefined AME 19 a W Olympic 4 2698 ± 5 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) volcaniclastic dacite interlayered with komatiite, a n q in i e a Domain Murrin Murrin, Yilgarn Craton n p m Kalgoorlie AME 19 Rawlinna o D Harris Greenstone AME 13 (m): ~2770 Ma (Black Range Event) AME 19 r AME 26 6 t le 5 Mount Pleasant Event AME 21 (mu): ~2685 Ma; r w Domain Y n W o CRATON 2684 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) felsic volcanic rock intercalated with tholeiitic basalt, V F GAWLER Kambalda AME 19 7 Jump Up Dam, Lake Rebecca, Yilgarn Craton 30° AME 22 Nuyts AME 12 (m): ~2790 Ma (Little Gap Event) Undefined Eucla s Domain WESTERN AUSTRALIA Undefined AME 20 X AME 22 Ceduna 8 o Coates Siding Event AME 23 (m): ~2665 Ma; 2661 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) Mount Vetters granophyric dolerite, AME 11 (mu): ~2800 Ma (Narndee Event) u AME 18 Mount Vetters Homestead, Yilgarn Craton 8 SOUTH AUSTRALIA AME 23 v AME 10 (m): ~2810 Ma (Mount Sefton Event) Z Undefined p Kambalda Event AME 19 (mu): ~2705 Ma; n i 13 2706 ± 5 Ma, and 2704 ± 4 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) rhyolitic rocks intercalated with S a Undefined komatiite of Kambalda Komatiite, Black Swan nickel mine, Yilgarn Craton PERTH o w m 17 u o n AME 9 (mu): ~2820 Ma (Lady Alma Event) i 10 10 13 20 t D a 12 h 22 CRATON a Mount Pleasant Event AME 21 (mu): ~2685 Ma; t m 14 30° q AME 18 W l o 11 u 16 2683 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) felsic tuff associated with basalt, Reidy Swamp, x e o D AME 8 (mu): ~2925 Ma (Munni Munni Event) s C e 23 Kanowna, Yilgarn Craton t v 15 e 19 T Undefined l e Ravensthorpe 30° rra z C 18 Kambalda Event AME 19 (mu): ~2705 Ma; n AME 26 r AME 7 (m): ~2960 Ma (Lake Wells Event) e 2708 ± 7 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) dacite coeval with komatiite, Ballarat-Last Chance Bunbury y AME 11 Esperance mine, Kalgoorlie, Yilgarn Craton Undefined Scale 1:5 000 000 9 24 21 AME 6 (mu): ~3115 Ma (Bradley Event) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Kilometres 23 s Golden Mile Event AME 22 (m): ~2675 Ma; ADELAIDE 2675 ± 3 Ma (SHRIMP U-Pb zircon) felsic volcanic breccia associated with basalt of Black Flag Beds, Harry Dam, Perkolilli, Kanowna, Yilgarn Craton AME 5 (mu): ~3175 Ma (Honeyeater Event) Lambert Conformal Conic Projection.
Recommended publications
  • Mining Dump Structures Reference List
    MINING DUMP STRUCTURES UPDATE OCTOBER 2012 REFERENCE LIST COUNTRY PROJECT TYPE MAIN FUNCTION HEIGHT [m] YEAR Luzamba Tip Wall Processing 11,4 1992 Catoca I Dump wall Processing 19,0 1995 Catoca II Dump wall Processing 16,0 1995 Catoca Tip Wall Processing 10,5 1996 Angola Escom Mining Tip Wall Processing 11,0 2002 Catoca Phase 1 Tip Wall Processing 13,6 2006 Catoca Phase 2 Tip Wall Processing 13,0 2006 Jopro 004 – Consulmet Tip Wall Processing 9,0 2007 Consulmet 2 Tip Wall Processing 9,0 2008 Veladero Project Dump structure Processing 27,8 2005 Argentina Pirquitas Project Dump structure Processing 18,0 2009 Veladero Project - Plant Expansion 85 KTPD Dump structure Processing 28,5 2009 Eastern Deepdale Pocket/Abutment Dump Structure Processing 16,0 1980 Saxonvale Raw Coal Handling Plant Dump Structure Processing 12,0 1981 Rom Hopper Walls Pacific Coal - Tarong Dump Structure Processing 19,5 1982 Boundary Hill Inpit Dump Wall - Dump Structure Processing 7,8 1982 Load Out Structure - Kangaroo Island Dump Structure Processing 6,0 1982 Mt. Tom Price Dump Structure - - 1982 Boundary Hill Inpit Dump Wall #2 Dump Structure Processing 8,0 1983 Kress Tipping Platform Stage I Dump Structure Processing 4,9 1984 Paddington Gold Project Dump Structure Processing 14,3 1984 Cork Tree Well Gold Mine Dump Wall Dump Structure Processing - 1985 Dump Wall - Cue Dump Structure Processing 8,3 1986 Telfer Mine Dump Structure Processing - 1986 Howick Colliery Temp Dump Wall Dump Structure Processing 8,4 1986 Wiluna Mine Dump Wall Dump Structure Processing - 1986
    [Show full text]
  • Large and Robust Lenticular Microorganisms on the Young Earth ⇑ ⇑ Dorothy Z
    Precambrian Research 296 (2017) 112–119 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Precambrian Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/precamres Large and robust lenticular microorganisms on the young Earth ⇑ ⇑ Dorothy Z. Oehler a, , Maud M. Walsh b, Kenichiro Sugitani c, Ming-Chang Liu d, Christopher H. House e, a Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA b School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-2110, USA c Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan d Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA e Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA article info abstract Article history: In recent years, remarkable organic microfossils have been reported from Archean deposits in the Pilbara Received 18 November 2016 craton of Australia. The structures are set apart from other ancient microfossils by their complex lentic- Revised 29 March 2017 ular morphology combined with their large size and robust, unusually thick walls. Potentially similar Accepted 11 April 2017 forms were reported in 1992 from the 3.4 Ga Kromberg Formation (KF) of the Kaapvaal craton, South Available online 26 April 2017 Africa, but their origin has remained uncertain. Here we report the first determination of in situ carbon isotopic composition (d13C) of the lenticular structures in the KF (obtained with Secondary Ion Mass Keywords: Spectrometry [SIMS]) as well as the first comparison of these structures to those from the Pilbara, using Archean morphological, isotopic, and sedimentological criteria. Spindle Lenticular Our results support interpretations that the KF forms are bona fide, organic Archean microfossils and Microfossil represent some of the oldest morphologically preserved organisms on Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Gangidine NASA Early Career Collaboration Follow-Up
    NASA Astrobiology Early Career Collaboration Award Follow-up Report Andrew Gangidine, Ph.D Candidate, University of Cincinnati Project Title: A Step Back in Time – Ancient Hot Springs and the Search for Life on Mars Collaborator: Dr. Martin Van Kranendonk, UNSW, Australian Center for Astrobiology During Summer 2018 I travel to the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia in search of the earliest known evidence of life on land. Here I met up with Dr. Martin Van Kranendonk, director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology and expert on the Pilbara geology. Over the next two weeks, we traveled to many previously established sites of interest containing stromatolitic textures and evidence of past terrestrial hot spring activity, as well as new sites of interest which provided further evidence supporting the terrestrial hot spring hypothesis. Over the course of these two weeks, I collected samples of ~3.5Ga microbial textures in order to analyze such samples for their biosignature preservation potential. I also was able to spend some time mapping the Pilbara in order to understand the greater regional geologic context of the samples I collected. After this field work, Dr. Van Kranendonk and I returned to Sydney, where I met with Dr. Malcolm Walter at the University of New South Wales. Dr. Walter allowed me to search through the sample archive of the Australian Center for Astrobiology, where I collected younger samples from the mid-Paleozoic from terrestrial hydrothermal deposits. With these samples, I am able to perform a comparison study between modern, older, and ancient hydrothermal deposits in order to characterize what happens to potential biosignatures in these environments throughout geologic time.
    [Show full text]
  • Bayesian Analysis of the Astrobiological Implications of Life's
    Bayesian analysis of the astrobiological implications of life's early emergence on Earth David S. Spiegel ∗ y, Edwin L. Turner y z ∗Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540,yDept. of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, and zInstitute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa 227-8568, Japan Submitted to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Life arose on Earth sometime in the first few hundred million years Any inferences about the probability of life arising (given after the young planet had cooled to the point that it could support the conditions present on the early Earth) must be informed water-based organisms on its surface. The early emergence of life by how long it took for the first living creatures to evolve. By on Earth has been taken as evidence that the probability of abiogen- definition, improbable events generally happen infrequently. esis is high, if starting from young-Earth-like conditions. We revisit It follows that the duration between events provides a metric this argument quantitatively in a Bayesian statistical framework. By (however imperfect) of the probability or rate of the events. constructing a simple model of the probability of abiogenesis, we calculate a Bayesian estimate of its posterior probability, given the The time-span between when Earth achieved pre-biotic condi- data that life emerged fairly early in Earth's history and that, billions tions suitable for abiogenesis plus generally habitable climatic of years later, curious creatures noted this fact and considered its conditions [5, 6, 7] and when life first arose, therefore, seems implications.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARCHAEAN and Earllest PROTEROZOIC EVOLUTION and METALLOGENY of Australla
    Revista Brasileira de Geociências 12(1-3): 135-148, Mar.-Sel.. 1982 - Silo Paulo THE ARCHAEAN AND EARLlEST PROTEROZOIC EVOLUTION AND METALLOGENY OF AUSTRALlA DA VID I. OROVES' ABSTRACT Proterozoic fold belts in Austrália developed by lhe reworking of Archaean base­ mcnt. The nature of this basement and the record of Archaean-earliest Proterozoic evolution and metallogeny is best prescrved in the Western Australian Shield. ln the Yilgarn Craton. a poorly-mineralized high-grade gneiss terrain rccords a complex,ca. 1.0 b.y. history back to ca. 3.6b.y. This terrain is probably basement to lhe ca. 2.9~2.7 b.y. granitoid­ -greenstone terrains to lhe east-Cratonization was essentially complete by ca, 2.6 b.y. Evolution of the granitoid-greenstone terrains ofthe Pilbara Craton occurred between ca. 3.5b.y. ano 2.8 b.y. The Iectonic seuing of ali granitoid-greenstone terrains rcmains equivocaI. Despitc coincidcnt cale­ -alkalinc volcanism and granitoid emplacemcnt , and broad polarity analogous to modem are and marginal basin systcrns. thcre is no direct evidencc for plate tectonic processes. Important diffcrences in regional continuity of volcanic scqucnccs, lithofacies. regional tectonic pauerns and meta1Jogeny of lhe terrains may relate to the amount of crusta! extension during basin formation. At onc extreme, basins possibly reprcsenting low total cxrensíon (e.g. east Pilbara l are poorly mi­ ncralizcd with some porphyry-stylc Mo-Cu and small sulphute-rich volcanogenic 01' evaporitic deposits reflecting the resultam subaerial to shaJlow-water environment. ln contrast, basins inter­ prctcd to have formcd during greater crusta! cxrcnsion (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Telfer W with Pr 800,000 Copper Signific Resourc
    4420 Newcrest Cover 04 6pp 16/9/04 9:52 AM Page 2 Telfer will be the largest gold mine in Australia, with projected annual production of more than 800,000 ounces of gold and 30,000 tonnes of copper for 24 years, positioning Newcrest as a significant and profitable Australian-based resources business. Newcrest Mining Limited Newcrest – The Sustainable Section 5 Resource Business 1 Sustainability and People 38 Section 1 Health and Safety 40 Our Results 2 Environment 42 Human Resources 43 Performance in Brief 2 Chairman’s Review 4 Section 6 ABN: 20 005 683 625 ABN: Managing Director and Corporate Governance 44 Chief Executive Officer’s Report 5 Board of Directors 45 Newcrest Senior Management 10 Corporate Governance 46 Financial Report 11 Section 7 Section 2 Concise Annual Report 2004 Financials 49 Operations 12 Directors’ Report 50 Cadia Valley Operations 14 Management Discussion and Analysis Ridgeway Gold/Copper Mine 14 of the Financial Statements 56 Cadia Hill Gold/Copper Mine 16 Statement of Financial Performance 58 Toguraci Gold Mine 19 Statement of Financial Position 59 Section 3 Statement of Cash Flows 60 Projects 22 Notes to the Concise Financial Report 61 Directors’ Declaration 68 Telfer Gold/Copper Project 24 Independent Audit Report 69 Cracow 26 Cadia East 28 Shareholder Information 70 Boddington Expansion Project 29 Five Year Summary 72 Section 4 Corporate Directory IBC Exploration 30 Strategy and Review 32 Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 34 Newcrest Mining Limited Newcrest ABN: 20 005 683 625 Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given that the 24th Annual General Newcrest Mining Limited Meeting will be held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Concise Annual Report 2004 99 Adelaide Terrace, Perth, Western Australia on Wednesday 27 October 2004 at 9.30am.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilbara Conservation Strategy Main Karijini National Park
    Pilbara Conservation Strategy Main Karijini National Park. Foreword Photo – Judy Dunlop Over the past eight years, the Liberal National The Pilbara Conservation Strategy is a strategic It is one of only 15 national biodiversity hotspots. these projects will be an important means of funding Government has delivered greater protection for the landscape-scale approach to enhance the region’s The region has many endemic species, including the strategic landscape-scale approach for managing environment than any other government in the history high biodiversity and landscape values across property one of the richest reptile assemblages in the world, fire, feral animals and weeds and meeting the key of this State. boundaries. This initiative by the Liberal National more than 125 species of acacia and more than 1000 outcomes listed in the strategy. Government provides a vision for conservation species of aquatic invertebrates. It is an international This includes the most comprehensive biodiversity in the region. It involves partnerships with local hotspot for subterranean fauna. I invite you to join the Liberal National Government conservation laws seen in Western Australia and land managers, traditional owners, pastoralists, as a partner in this ground-breaking initiative to the implementation of the $103.6 million Kimberley conservation groups, the wider community, industry, The region has a rich and living Aboriginal culture deliver a new level of conservation management for Science and Conservation Strategy — the biggest government and non-government organisations. with traditional owners retaining strong links to the Pilbara. conservation project ever undertaken in WA, which Together, we will deliver improved on-ground country and playing a key role in protecting cultural has implemented a range of measures to retain and management of the key threats to the region’s and natural heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources and Energy Quarterly June 2020
    10.1 Summary Figure 10.1: US dollar gold price and real US 10-Year Treasury yield . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, the gold price is 2,000 -1.0 forecast to reach an 8-year high, averaging about US$1,630 an ounce 1,800 -0.5 in 2020. An expected global economic rebound is projected to see the 1,600 0.0 price slide to around US$1,510 an ounce in 2022. 1,400 0.5 . Australia’s gold mine production is forecast to reach a peak of 381 1,200 1.0 tonnes in 2021–22, as high prices encourage an expansion in 1,000 1.5 production. cent Per 800 2.0 . The value of Australia’s gold exports is forecast to reach a record $32 billion in 2020–21, driven by higher prices and export volumes, before ounce troy a US$ 600 2.5 declining to $30 billion in 2021–22, as gold prices ease back. 400 3.0 200 3.5 10.2 Prices Jun–04 Jun–08 Jun–12 Jun–16 Jun–20 Gold prices rose strongly in the first half of 2020 US$ gold price Real US 10 Year Treasury bond yield (inverted, rhs) The London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) gold price has risen by 14 per cent so far in 2020, to US$1,727 an ounce on 17 June 2020 — well Source: Bloomberg (2020) above the average of US$1,479 an ounce in the second half of 2019. The US dollar gold price reached a seven and a half year high of US$1,748 an The LBMA gold price is estimated to average US$1,630 an ounce in 2020, ounce on 20 May 2020, benefitting from its status as a safe haven asset an increase of 17 per cent on 2019 (Figure 10.2).
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from the Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons 1 1 2 K.F
    Origin of Archean late potassic granites: evidence from the Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons 1 1 2 K.F. CASSIDY , D.C. CHAMPION AND R.H. SMITHIES 1 Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT, kevin.cassidy@doir. wa.gov.au, [email protected] 2 Geological Survey of Western Australia, East Perth, WA, [email protected] Late potassic granites are a characteristic feature of many Archean cratons, including the Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons in Western Australia. In the Yilgarn Craton, these ‘low Ca’ granites comprise over 20 percent by area of the exposed craton, are distributed throughout the entire craton and intruded at c. 2655–2620 Ma, with no evidence for significant diachroneity at the craton scale. In the Pilbara Craton, similar granites are concentrated in the East Pilbara Terrane, have ages of c. 2890–2850 Ma and truncate domain boundaries. Late potassic granites are dominantly biotite granites but include two mica granites. They are ‘crustally derived’ with high K2O/Na2O, high LILE, LREE, U, Th, variable Y and low CaO, Sr contents. They likely represent dehydration melting of older LILE-rich tonalitic rocks at low to moderate pressures. High HFSE contents suggest high temperature melting, consistent with a water-poor source. Models for their genesis must take into account that: 1. the timing of late potassic granites shows no relationship with earlier transitional-TTG plutonism; 2. there is no relationship to crustal age, with emplacement ranging from c. 100 m.y. (eastern Yilgarn) to c. 800 m.y. (eastern Pilbara) after initial crust formation; 3. the emplacement of late granites reflects a change in tectonic environment, from melting of thickened crust and/or slab for earlier TTG magmatism to melting at higher crustal levels; 4.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Newmont Boddington Gold Mine in Western Australia
    Mine Closure 2012 — A.B. Fourie and M. Tibbett (eds) © 2012 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9870937-0-7 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1208_24_Amoah Long term closure planning for an evolving mine site – a case study of Newmont Boddington Gold Mine in Western Australia K. De Sousa Newmont Asia Pacific, Australia N. Amoah Newmont Asia Pacific, Australia Abstract Newmont Boddington Gold (NBG) mine is located 12 km northwest of the town of Boddington and about 120 km southeast of Perth in Western Australia (WA). Open pit mining of an oxide gold resource commenced at the operations in 1987. In 2008, NBG undertook an expansion program to increase future gold production to one million ounces per annum, potentially becoming the largest gold mine in Australia. Critical to the life cycle of such a large mining operation is the need to ensure that mine closure is well planned in advance and consistently managed throughout operation to minimise future liabilities. For example, the large quantities of waste (waste rock estimated to be over one billion tonnes over the life of the mine), vast open pits and areas for tailings storage and site operational facilities, geographically and ecologically sensitive location and socio-economic issues will all become significant legacy factors during mine closure and post closure stages. To mitigate closure liabilities, Newmont’s internal guidelines have strict requirements for the development and review of closure plans at all stages of mine life with annual analyses of closure liability costs. This is to ensure consistency with life of mine (LOM) plans, changes in operations, stakeholder expectations, regulatory requirements etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Convective Isolation of Hadean Mantle Reservoirs Through Archean Time
    Convective isolation of Hadean mantle reservoirs through Archean time Jonas Tuscha,1, Carsten Münkera, Eric Hasenstaba, Mike Jansena, Chris S. Mariena, Florian Kurzweila, Martin J. Van Kranendonkb,c, Hugh Smithiesd, Wolfgang Maiere, and Dieter Garbe-Schönbergf aInstitut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, 50674 Köln, Germany; bSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; cAustralian Center for Astrobiology, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; dDepartment of Mines, Industry Regulations and Safety, Geological Survey of Western Australia, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia; eSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom; and fInstitut für Geowissenschaften, Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany Edited by Richard W. Carlson, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, and approved November 18, 2020 (received for review June 19, 2020) Although Earth has a convecting mantle, ancient mantle reservoirs anomalies in Eoarchean rocks was interpreted as evidence that that formed within the first 100 Ma of Earth’s history (Hadean these rocks lacked a late veneer component (5). Conversely, the Eon) appear to have been preserved through geologic time. Evi- presence of some late accreted material is required to explain the dence for this is based on small anomalies of isotopes such as elevated abundances of highly siderophile elements (HSEs) in 182W, 142Nd, and 129Xe that are decay products of short-lived nu- Earth’s modern silicate mantle (9). Notably, some Archean rocks clide systems. Studies of such short-lived isotopes have typically with apparent pre-late veneer like 182W isotope excesses were focused on geological units with a limited age range and therefore shown to display HSE concentrations that are indistinguishable only provide snapshots of regional mantle heterogeneities.
    [Show full text]
  • 12.007 Geobiology Spring 2009
    MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.007 Geobiology Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Geobiology 2009 Lecture 10 The Antiquity of Life on Earth Homework #5 Topics (choose 1): Describe criteria for biogenicity in microscopic fossils. How do the oldest describes fossils compare? Use this to argue one side of the Brasier-Schopf debate OR What are stromatolites; where are they found and how are they formed? Articulate the two sides of the debate on antiquity and biogenicity. Up to 4 pages, including figures. Due 3/31/2009 Need to know • How C and S- isotopic data in rocks are informative about the advent and antiquity of biogeochemical cycles • Morphological remains and the antiquity of life; how do we weigh the evidence? • Indicators of changes in atmospheric pO2 • A general view of the course of oxygenation of the atm-ocean system Readings for this lecture Schopf J.W. et al., (2002) Laser Raman Imagery of Earth’s earliest fossils. Nature 416, 73. Brasier M.D. et al., (2002) Questioning the evidence for Earth’s oldest fossils. Nature 416, 76. Garcia-Ruiz J.M., Hyde S.T., Carnerup A. M. , Christy v, Van Kranendonk M. J. and Welham N. J. (2003) Self-Assembled Silica-Carbonate Structures and Detection of Ancient Microfossils Science 302, 1194-7. Hofmann, H.J., Grey, K., Hickman, A.H., and Thorpe, R. 1999. Origin of 3.45 Ga coniform stromatolites in Warrawoona Group, Western Australia. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 111 (8), p.
    [Show full text]