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Dark Matter Model of the Universe”, Physics Essays, V25, N0 Jerry Hynecek © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 1 An interesting journey of discovery This is a concise slide presentation of my foray into the Special and General Relativity Theories. Abstract: The presentation deals with a discovery of errors in the Einstein’s General Relativity Theory (GRT). The presentation starts with the confirmation of the correctness of Special Relativity Theory (SRT), but derives justification for a different dependence of gravitational mass on velocity than the inertial mass dependence on velocity. This leads to finding that photons cannot have a gravitational mass and thus can escape form “Black Holes”. This finding contradicts the popular belief and the popular statements such as: “not even light can escape from Black Holes”. The presentation then introduces a new metric whose validity has been confirmed by the standard GRT tests and applies it to create a new model of the universe, which is not based on the Big Bang assumption. Finally, the new universe model predictions are compared with observations and an excellent agreement is obtained thus confirming the assumptions on which the model is built. 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 2 Presentation outline Introduction: the message from the ghost of Einstein Special Relativity Theory: the mass equivalence as a first hint of a problem The new metric for spacetime The test of light trajectory bending by gravity Motivation for modeling the universe Turning BB theory on its head Hubble telescope dates oldest star, 'Methuselah', at 14.5 billion years old The new universe model assumptions Supporting mathematical background Comparison with observations Hubble diagram Accelerating universe? More comparisons with observations Quantum of the repulsive Dark Matter Possible evidence for gravitational waves Conclusions Summary of some fundamental principles Closing remarks Recent claims and revisions of the BB theory Interesting similarities between various theories Links to posted papers related to this work Reference literature 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 3 Ghostly appearance One morning, my retirement time quickly approaching, I think it was in 2004, a ghostly image has appeared near my bed when I was waking up and said with a heavy German accent: Jerry, I have made an error in my General Relativity Theory and these fools are still following it, piling up on it without end in sight. You have to find the error and do something about it. 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 4 A hobby for approaching retirement Start by looking closer into the Special Relativity Theory Construct the simple electrically driven clocks, Enclosed Integrating Surface "s" the parallel palate capacitor, and calculate the Z a Total Charge: Q ticking rate (the time to plate’s collision): Total Charge: -Q 2 m a 2A Q 2 a mi 2 i F t tc c Q 2 Closed Loop 2A F Integrating Path "p" Observe the same clocks when they are moving Y relative to the laboratory coordinate system: Plate's L Motion 2 2 Vector v Q v F Q E v B 1 2 2A c Plate's area: A = W*L W m i a 2A 1 v2 / c2 X 2 2 m a 2A t 2 1 v / c i c Q2 (1 v2 / c2 ) Q2 (1 v2 / c2 ) That is great, the collision time follows the SRT with the time dilation effect. We can make simple thought experiments and study the workings of the theory. The force transformation to moving clocks was simple, since we have the Maxwell field equations and know that they are describing the reality correctly. We use them all the time in our work. This is the Electrical Engineering bible with an unshakeable belief in its correctness. Let’s try now the same approach, but instead of using the electrically driven clocks use the gravitation driven clocks. For the force transformation to the moving system we now have to use the Einstein’s field equations. These are complicated, but have been linearized for the weak fields, so this should work. 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 5 The first hint of the problem found Instead of charge we now have the gravitational mass. The time to plate’s collision will be: 2 Enclosed 2 mg 2 mi a A Integrating F tc 2 Surface "s" Z A 2 mg a Total Charge: Q Total Charge: -Q Using the linearized Einstein field equations, also 2 a mi known as GravitoElectroMagnetismtc , the time to Closed Loop F Integrating Path "p" collision for the moving clocks can be calculated: 1 4 1 Y Bg jg Eg 4 g F mg Eg v Bg Plate's L 2 c c Motion Vector v mi 2 2 a A 1 v / c 2 2 2 2 2 1 v / c mi a A(1 v / c ) tc 2 2 2 2 2 Plate's area: A = W*L W 2 (1 2v / c ) 2 mg (1 2v / c ) 2 mg 2 2 X (1 v / c ) This result is a big problem. The gravitational clocks do not follow the SRT theory. This means that the linearized Einstein field equations are not correct. Therefore, the GRT is also not correct. The problem can be fixed if it is assumed that the gravitational mass depends on velocity differently than the inertial mass and that there is no gravitomagnetic force analogous to the Maxwell-Lorentz magnetic force for the moving mass. This also means that photons cannot be attracted by gravity [6]: 2 1 v 2 mi a A mi m(rst)i m m(rst) 1 t 2 g g 2 c 2 2 2 v c 2 mg (1 v / c ) 1 c 2 However, the GRT is based on the absolute mass equivalence. This warrants a further investigation [7]. 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 6 Metrics for the curved spacetime The calculations dealing with the centrally gravitating bodies in GRT are based on the Schwarzschild metric. The metric predicts the famous Black Holes with Event Horizons. Based on the previous finding this model is suspect because the Schwarzschild metric follows from the GRT. 1 2 Rs 2 Rs 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2M ds 1 cdt 1 dr r d d d sin d Rs r r c2 After a long search and much work, but limited only to static cases, I have derived a new metric, which satisfies all the tests of the GRT such as the Mercury perihelion advance, the Shapiro delay, the light bending effect by the gravitating bodies, the gravitational redshift etc.. The new metric satisfies even the most recent tests such as the Gravity Probe B experiment. In this metric the standard natural, observable, radius r is replaced by the physical, computed, radius 휌 according to the formula: d grr dr . The metric is as follows: 2 (r) 2 (r) 2 (r) n n n n (r) M 2 c2 2 c2 2 2 c2 2 c2 (r) ds e cdt e dr (r) e d d(r) e dr n (r) This metric also describes the curved space-time, but as can be seen form the formula it does not lead to such pathologies as Black Holes. The Schwarzschild metric is the first order approximation. The Black Holes do not exist in reality, this is a mathematical artifact of a bad model that should not be extrapolated past its validity limits (large r). Therefore, Einstein field equations do not describe the reality correctly and should be abandoned. The ghost of Einstein was right. 4/4/2014 © 2014, Isetex, Inc. 7 Light bending effect for different metrics The new MTG metric The Schwarzschild metric of GRT Rs 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Rs / 2 Rs / 2 2 Rs / 2 2 2 ds g (cdt) g dr r d sin d gtt 1 ds e (cdt) e dr e d sin d tt tt r cdt This principle does not hold true for dt 0 0 ds 0 / 2 cdt 0 ph photons (waves) moving in a 2+1 light L L gtt r cone spacetime where ds=0, θ=π/2. d p r d p R / d 2 s p 2 Rs / e pe dr 2 2 r r 1 Rs / rp rp 1 Rs / r d 1 a 1 1 x3 x p / a Rs / p x r / r a R / r 2 p s p dx 1 x2 2 1 x2 1 x 1 2 1 2 x dx Rs x dx R a 1 2a 2 s 2 a 1 2a 2 0 1 x 1 x p (rp ) 2 0 1 x 1 x rp To find the light bending angle, considering without In GRT, however, the time dilation effect of photon travel time limitation only the equatorial plane, it is necessary to set the along the photon trajectory, as observed by a distant observer, metric light element ds to zero. However, this is not enough, is neglected. This is a fundamental problem and an error of the another condition is needed, which is related to the photon GRT light bending effect derivation. This error thus falsely time of flight as observed by a distant observer. forces the theory to agree with the experiment. The time of flight should be minimized according to The hallmark of the GRT is a scientific fraud. the Fermat’s principle. It is also necessary to consider the It is unbelievable that this error has not been recognized time dilation effect as the photons traverse the various earlier by the experts working in this field for their entire regions of different gravitational field intensities, which professional lives and is repeated in all the GRT textbooks.
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