DOCSLIB.ORG

A Survey of Attitudes and Practices of Reproductive Health And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Survey of Attitudes and Practices of Reproductive Health And Quality in Primary Care 2011;19:325–34 # 2011 Radcliffe Publishing International exchange A survey of attitudes and practices of reproductive health and family planning services among private medical practitioners in four states of the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria Lawrence Osuakpor Omo-Aghoja Doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria and Women’s Health and Action Research Centre Afolabi Hammed Women’s Health and Action Research Centre Friday Ebhodaghe Okonofua Professor,Women’s Health and Action Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria Okpani Anthony Okpani Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcour, Nigeria Oyinkondu Collins Koroye Doctor, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria Sylvester Ojobo Doctor, Ponders Medical Center, Benin City, Nigeria Iyore Itabor Doctor, Association of Private Obstetrics Providers in Nigeria, Asaba, Nigeria Olakunle Daramola Doctor, Women’s Health and Action Research Centre ABSTRACT Background Abortion is widespread in the Niger- ever, only 33 (24.0%) provided services for termin- Delta region of Nigeria, with resulting high rates ation of pregnancy. Indeed, just over half (72; of morbidity and mortality. It is thought that the 53.4%) counselled women to continue the preg- private sector provides the majority of abortion nancy while fewer (35; 25.9%) referred women to services in Nigeria as a result of the restrictive other clinics. However, there was no evidence to abortion law in the country. The oil-rich Niger- suggest that doctors followed up on those women Delta region accounts for 90% of the country’s counselled to continue their pregnancies. Most resource, is economically active and has increased private sector service providers of abortion services opportunities for sexual networking. in Nigeria (69.7%) are non-specialist doctors. Method This study assays the attitudes of staff at Conclusion Education of private practitioners in family planning (FP) services and practices of re- the principles of abortion, post-abortion care and productive health and FP services among private FP is recommended to alleviate abortion-related practitioners in four states of Niger-Delta of Nigeria morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. (the states of Edo, Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers). Results Women who had unwanted pregnancies Keywords: abortion, family planning, Niger-Delta were attended by 119 (87.5%) respondents. How- region, Nigeria, private practitioner, women’s health 326 LO Omo-Aghoja, A Hammed, FE Okonofua et al Introduction Section 232 prescribes 14 years imprisonment, the option of a fine or both for the person who performs the abortion. In section 233, it is stipulated that if the Each year, an estimated 210 million women through- procedure results in the death of the woman, the out the world become pregnant and about one in person who has performed it is liable to imprisonment five of these women seek abortion. Out of 42 million which may extend to 14 years and is also liable to a fine. abortions performed annually, 20.2 million are estim- If the procedure was done without the consent of the ated to be unsafe and 97% of all unsafe abortions occur woman, the person who undertook the procedure is 1 in developing countries. The World Health Organ- liable to a jail term for life or less and is also liable to a ization (WHO) defines unsafe abortion as a procedure fine. Section 234 prescribes punishment for someone for terminating an unwanted pregnancy either by who causes miscarriage unintentionally by force, if persons lacking the necessary skills or in an environ- it was unknown that the woman was pregnant; the ment lacking the minimal medical standards – or person is liable to three years imprisonment or a fine 2 both. The burden of unsafe abortion lies primarily or both. Knowing that the woman was pregnant may in the developing world; the highest rates are in Africa cause the jail term to be extended to five years. and in Latin America and the Caribbean, followed Social stigma and political pressure impair the closely by South and South-East Asia. At the opposite ability of healthcare providers to offer abortion ser- extreme, the rate of unsafe abortion in Europe and vices and effective post-abortion family planning (FP) North America is negligible. A recent study found services even within the law. Consequently women even more alarming data on the maternal mortality experiencing unwanted pregnancies are unable to ratio in Kano, Nigeria, finding that 2420 women died obtain effective safe abortion services and counselling of problems related to pregnancy and childbirth for within the public health sectors. By contrast, the 3 every 100 000 live births. Abortion is one of the major private sector (especially private medical practitioners) causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in most provide a substantial proportion of the abortion ser- 4–6 parts of sub-Saharan African countries. vices in many parts of the country.8–11 Yet few use Previous research in Nigeria has shown that repro- established effective and evidence-based methods that ductive health service utilisation is influenced by are available elsewhere. Thus, abortions provided by 7 sociocultural and religious considerations. Women many private doctors may be unsafe.8–11 This is often seek services that are confidential, private and confirmed by the experiences of many tertiary hospi- which they have adjudged to be of reasonable quality. tals that treat women with induced abortion compli- Although the cost of services and attitudes of health cation.8–11 In addition, it is unknown how many women providers are also important, the need for privacy is receive any form of post-abortion FP counselling after often uppermost in the minds of women seeking having abortion by private practitioners to prevent the reproductive health services. A restrictive law that repetition of unintended pregnancy. only allows termination of pregnancy to save the life Private doctors are of great importance when it of a woman has a significant influence on the increasing comes to expanding access to safe abortion and post- rate of unsafe abortion in Nigeria. The laws, intro- abortion care services in Nigeria. Despite the prefer- duced during British colonial rule in 1916, restricted ence for private medical practitioners for provision of abortion to saving the life of the woman. The criminal FP and reproductive health services in Nigeria, there code was then adopted throughout the country and, is currently limited information on the knowledge, 43 years later, the penal code was introduced to replace attitudes and practice of abortion services and post- the criminal code in northern Nigeria in order to abortion FP. This information is critically important, reflect the norms of British law in colonial India – as it would justify the need for a retraining programme India being an Islamic country, and Islam being the aimed at increasing the skills of private practitioners predominant religion in the northern region of Nigeria. in rendering evidence-based services in relation to The criminal code – sections 228, 229 and 230 – was abortion and post-abortion FP as part of reproductive 5,8 retained in southern Nigeria. Section 228 stipulates health service delivery in Nigeria. guilt of felony for persons that perform abortion and The objective of this study was to determine the liability to a 14-year jail term. Section 229 prescribes attitudes and practice of abortion services and post- guilt of felony for a woman who induces an abortion abortion FP in four states of the Niger-Delta region in in herself or submits herself for abortion and liability Nigeria. The results will assist in designing an inter- to seven years imprisonment. Section 230 prescribes vention programme aimed at scaling up abortion and guilt of felony on a supplier of materials used for an post-abortion FP services for the prevention of at-risk abortion and liability to three years imprisonment. pregnancy in Nigeria. The relevant sections of the penal code that operates in northern Nigeria are sections 232, 233 and 234.5 A survey of attitudes and practices of reproductive health and FP services 327 Methods The questionnaires were self-administered and directed to the most senior practitioner in each of the private hospitals/clinics. A project coordinator This study was undertaken as part of a project entitled visited the clinics to distribute the questionnaire and ‘Expanding access to safe abortion to young under- returned one week later to retrieve completed ques- served and vulnerable women through private prac- tionnaires. Respondents were assured of confidentiality titioners’ initiatives in four states of the Niger-Delta and no names of persons were included in the ques- region of Nigeria’ with the aim of using the results to tionnaires. The study was approved by the Ethical design an intervention programme to improve Review Board of the University of Benin Teaching abortion and post-abortion FP services in Nigeria. Hospital. The study was carried out by the Women’s Health Completed questionnaires were collated, coded, and Action Research Centre, a non-governmental entered and analysed using the statistical package for organisation located in Edo State in Southern Nigeria. social scientists (SPSS). Results are presented as simple The study was conducted as part of a needs assessment descriptive statistics. for a project aimed at building the capacity of private practitioners in delivering safe abortion services to young underserved and vulnerable women in four states of the Niger-Delta region: the states of Edo, Results Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers. As part of the study, we obtained detailed lists of registered hospitals and clinics from the respective Two-hundred potential participants were sent ques- ministries of health of the four states. The lists tionnaires and 136 (68%) returned completed ques- obtained revealed that the major hospitals in these tionnaires, the rate varying by state (Table 1).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FP 24.2 Summer2004.Pdf (5.341Mb)
    The Un vers ty of W scons n System Feminist Periodicals A current listing of contents WOMEN'S STUDIES Volume 24, Number 2 Summer 2004 Published by Phyllis Holman Weisbard LIBRARIAN Women's Studies Librarian Feminist Periodicals A current listing of contents Volume 24, Number 2 (Summer 2004) Periodical literature is the culling edge ofwomen'sscholarship, feminist theory, and much ofwomen's culture. Feminist Periodicals: A Current Listing ofContents is pUblished by the Office of the University of Wisconsin System Women's Studies Librarian on a quarterly basis with the intent of increasing public awareness of feminist periodicals. It is our hope that Feminist Periodicals will serve several purposes: to keep the reader abreast of current topics in feminist literature; to increase readers' familiarity with a wide spectrum of feminist periodicals; and to provide the requisite bibliographic information should a reader wish to subscribe to ajournal or to obtain a particular article at her library or through interlibrary loan. (Users will need to be aware of the limitations of the new copyright law with regard to photocopying of copyrighted materials.) Table ofcontents pages from current issues ofmajor feministjournals are reproduced in each issue of Feminist Periodicals, preceded by a comprehensive annotated listing of all journals we have selected. As publication schedules vary enormously, not every periodical will have table of contents pages reproduced in each issue of FP. The annotated listing provides the following information on each journal: 1. Year of first pUblication. 2. Frequency of publication. 3. U.S. subscription price(s). 4. SUbscription address. 5. Current editor. 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Antwerpen, Belgium
    10th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health Antwerpen, Belgium Preliminary Programme www.ECTMIH2017.be Table of Contents Legend ....................................................................................................... 4 Programme Monday Opening Ceremony ................................................................. 7 Tuesday Programme at a Glance .......................................................... 8 Programme S and OS ............................................................. 10 Wednesday Programme at a Glance .......................................................... 28 Programme S and OS ............................................................. 30 Thursday Programme at a Glance .......................................................... 44 Programme S and OS ............................................................. 46 Friday Programme at a Glance .......................................................... 65 Programme S and OS ............................................................. 66 Posters Poster List Tuesday............................................................................ 71 Poster List Wednesday ...................................................................... 92 Poster List Thursday .......................................................................... 114 2 www.ectmih2017.be www.ectmih2017.be 3 Legend Colour Codes The programme is organised in 8 tracks. These 8 tracks are listed on page 5. Track 1. Breakthroughs and innovations in tropical biomedical
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Cost of Unsafe Abortion in Africa
    OVERVIEW OF THE COST OF UNSAFE ABORTION IN AFRICA Authors : Michael Vlassoff and Jesse Philbin Affiliation : Guttmacher Institute, 125 Maiden Lane, 7 th floor, New York, NY, 10038, USA, Tel. 212-248-1111, [email protected] Corresponding author : Michael Vlassoff, Senior Research Associate, Guttmacher Institute, 125 Maiden Lane, New York NY, USA; email: [email protected] Key words : Abortion, Unsafe, Cost Synopsis : Unsafe abortion imposes significant costs on the health systems of Africa as well as burdens on the economies of the region. Estimates of the cost of post-abortion care, for which some empirical data are available, are presented in this paper. Tentative estimates for other, less researched societal costs are also reported on. 1 1. Introduction Unsafe abortion-related morbidity and mortality (UARMM) impact welfare at the individual, household, community and national levels. Out of an estimated 46 million induced abortions that take place every year in the world, around 21.6 million are unsafe abortions 1. About 6.2 million of these unsafe abortions occur in Africa—5.5 million of them in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 31 out of 1,000 women of reproductive age undergo an unsafe abortion each year. More than 1.7 million of these abortions result in serious medical complications that require hospital-based treatment 2. Many women suffer long-term effects, including an estimated 600,000 women who annually suffer secondary infertility and a further 1.5 million women who experience chronic reproductive tract infections. The cost that these figures imply is a matter of importance for public policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion and the Law in New
    NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE Abortion and the law in New South Wales by Talina Drabsch Briefing Paper No 9/05 ISSN 1325-4456 ISBN 0 7313 1784 X August 2005 © 2005 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent from the Librarian, New South Wales Parliamentary Library, other than by Members of the New South Wales Parliament in the course of their official duties. Abortion and the law in New South Wales by Talina Drabsch NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE David Clune (MA, PhD, Dip Lib), Manager..............................................(02) 9230 2484 Gareth Griffith (BSc (Econ) (Hons), LLB (Hons), PhD), Senior Research Officer, Politics and Government / Law .........................(02) 9230 2356 Talina Drabsch (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Law ......................(02) 9230 2768 Lenny Roth (BCom, LLB), Research Officer, Law ...................................(02) 9230 3085 Stewart Smith (BSc (Hons), MELGL), Research Officer, Environment ...(02) 9230 2798 John Wilkinson (MA, PhD), Research Officer, Economics.......................(02) 9230 2006 Should Members or their staff require further information about this publication please contact the author. Information about Research Publications can be found on the Internet at: www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/WEB_FEED/PHWebContent.nsf/PHPages/LibraryPublications Advice on
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: DETERMINANTS OF
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: DETERMINANTS OF UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND MODERN FAMILY PLANNING USE Theresa Y. Kim, Doctor of Philosophy, 2017 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Michel H. Boudreaux, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services Administration Unintended pregnancy, defined as a pregnancy that is mistimed or unwanted, is one of the world’s most common negative health outcomes. Furthermore, the United Nations Population Fund has found that 225 million women wish to delay or avoid pregnancy yet do not engage in modern family planning method use. Unintended pregnancy affects both maternal health (by way of nutrient deficiency, reproductive organ deficiency, and mental health) and child health (low birth weight, reduced gestational age, and nursing difficulties). The most life-saving and cost-saving means to prevent unintended pregnancy is to encourage modern family planning use. This dissertation examines family planning and unintended pregnancy in three different national contexts. In these studies, I: 1. Decompose the differences in unintended pregnancy rates for black and Hispanic women compared to white women in the United States; 2. Examine the relationship among indicators of health literacy, health system access, and utilization of modern family planning in Senegal; 3. Evaluate an intervention in Benin designed to increase modern family planning use. My research found that black and Hispanic women had a greater likelihood of unintended pregnancy compared to white women. However, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors contributed to the greater likelihoods of unintended pregnancy among racial and ethnic minorities. Among indicators of health literacy, oral and visual messages were the strongest predictors of health system access and modern family planning use in Senegal.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Complications of Unsafe Abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa
    HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING; 11(2): 117-131 © Oxford University Press 1996 Review article Complications of unsafe abortion in sub-Saharan Africa: a review JANIE BENSON,1 LORI ANN NICHOLSON,1 LYNNE GAFFUCIN2 AND STEPHEN N KINOTP '/PAS, Carrboro, USA, 2Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Reproductive Health, Baltimore, USA and Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat for East, Central and Downloaded from Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania The Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat undertook a study in 1994 to document the magnitude of abortion complications in Commonwealth member countries. The results of the literature review component of that study, and research gaps identified as a result of the review, are presented in this article. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/ The literature review findings indicate a significant public health problem in the region, as measured by a high proportion of incomplete abortion patients among all hospital gynaecology admissions. The most common complications of unsafe abortion seen at health facilities were haemorrhage and sep- sis. Studies on the use of manual vacuum aspiration for treating abortion complications found shorter lengths of hospital stay (and thus, lower resource costs) and a reduced need for a repeat evacuation. Very few articles focused exclusively on the cost of treating abortion complications, but authors agreed that it consumes a disproportionate amount of hospital resources. Studies on the role of men in sup- porting a woman's decision to abort or use contraception were similarly lacking. Articles on contracep- tive behaviour and abortion reported that almost all patients suffering from abortion complications at HINARI Kenya on June 11, 2013 had not used an effective, or any, method of contraception prior to becoming pregnant, especially among the adolescent population; studies on post-abortion contraception are virtually nonexistent.
    [Show full text]
  • Antwerp, Belgium 16-20 October 2017
    10th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health Antwerp, Belgium 16-20 October 2017 Final Programme www.ECTMIH2017.be Table of Contents Committees ......................................................................................................... 4 Welcome Address ............................................................................................... 5 Legend ................................................................................................................. 6 ECTMIH 2017 Colour Codes & Tracks ...................................................................................... 7 16-20 October 2017 • Antwerp, Belgium Venue Floorplans ................................................................................................ 8 Programme Monday Opening Session ............................................................................... 11 Tuesday Programme at a Glance .................................................................... 12 Programme ....................................................................................... 14 Wednesday Programme at a Glance .................................................................... 40 Programme ....................................................................................... 42 Thursday Programme at a Glance .................................................................... 64 Programme ....................................................................................... 66 Friday Programme at a Glance ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Between Applicant and Ireland Respondent
    IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS (APPLICATION NO. 26499/02) BETWEEN D APPLICANT AND IRELAND RESPONDENT WRITTEN COMMENTS BY CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 44, § 2 OF THE RULES OF THE COURT 14 APRIL 2005 Pardiss Kebriaei, Legal Adviser Christina Zampas, Legal Adviser for Europe Center for Reproductive Rights 120 Wall Street New York, N.Y. 10005 United States Tel: 917-637-3600 Fax: 917-637-3666 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] ii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………….1 II. INTEREST OF THE CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS ……………………………….1 III. THE LEGAL ISSUE ………………………………………………………………………………1 IV. DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………………………………………1 A. RESPECT FOR A WOMAN’S FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS TO LIFE, HEALTH, DIGNITY, AND PRIVACY PRECLUDES FORCING HER TO CARRY HER PREGNANCY TO TERM IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING IN CASES OF FETAL IMPAIRMENT ……………………………………………………….2 1. THE LEGISLATION OF MEMBER STATES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE …..2 2. GLOBAL LEGISLATION AND TRENDS ……………………………………..2 3. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT JURISPRUDENCE OF MEMBER STATES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE ……………………………………………...3 4. “WRONGFUL BIRTH” JURISPRUDENCE OF MEMBER STATES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE ………………………………………………….4 5. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS ……………………...4 (i) UNITED NATIONS TREATY MONITORING BODIES ……………. 4 (ii) INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS .....5 B. ENSURING WOMEN’S ACCESS TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE AND INFORMATION MANDATES REMOVAL OF LEGAL BARRIERS TO INFORMATION AND REFERRALS ON ABORTION …………………………………...5 1. PROHIBITION ON “ADVOCATING AND PROMOTING” ABORTION ……. 5 (i) REGIONAL STANDARDS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE ……... 5 (ii) LEGISLATION OF MEMBER STATES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE …………………………………………………………….6 (iii) UNITED NATIONS TREATY MONITORING BODIES ……………. 6 iii (iv) INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS ..
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Booklet
    ABSTRACT BOOKLET Abortion & Reproductive Justice: The Unfinished Revolution III A three-part conference 08-12 July 2018 Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Hosted by the Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction research program and partners 1 CONFERENCE FUNDERS CONFERENCE PARTNERS CONTENTS Acknowledgements Keynote Speakers 5 Cathi Albertyn 5 Jedidah Muthoni Maina 6 Katha Pollitt 7 Champion Awardees 8 THEME 1: Health systems, histories of abortion and abortion politics 10 Individual papers (authors A-Z) 10 Roundtable (organisers A-Z) 17 Symposiums (authors A-Z) 18 THEME 2: Education, interventions and treatment 20 Individual papers (authors A-Z) 20 Arts and drama presentations (organisers A-Z) 26 Symposiums (authors A-Z) 26 THEME 3: Theory and methods in research 28 Individual papers (authors A-Z) 28 Symposiums (organisers A-Z) 32 THEME 4: Social contexts and communications 33 Individual papers (authors A-Z) 33 Arts and drama presentations (organisers A-Z) 38 Soapbox 40 Symposiums (organisers A-Z) 40 THEME 5: Activism and advocacy 44 Individual papers (authors A-Z) 44 Arts and drama presentations (organisers A-Z) 51 Five minute challenge (organisers A-Z) 52 Roundtable (organisers A-Z) 53 Symposiums (organisers A-Z) 55 INDEX 60 PAGE 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Abortion & Reproductive Justice: The Unfinished Revolution III conference is hosted by the Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction (CSSR) research program of Rhodes University in conjunction with partners. The CSSR is funded by the South African Research Chairs initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa. The conference builds on two previous conferences with the same name held in Canada in August 2014, and in Northern Ireland in July 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • (VAW) and Women's Political Participation in Rwanda, Benin
    THE AUTONOMY PROJECT A REPORT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN & WOMEN’S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN RWANDA, BENIN & TUNISIA Author: Lisa Ally Co-Authors & Editors: Varyanne Sika & Nozizwe Ntesang Design & Layout: Naadira Patel Published by The Coalition of African Lesbians (2020) www.cal.org.za Acknowledgement The Coalition of Afrian Lesbians (CAL) acknowledges the generous support of the African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF) through which this report and the expansion of the Autonomy project to Rwanda, Benin and Tunisia was made possible. CAL thanks our partners in Benin, Rwanda and Tunisia for working with us diligently in the autonomy project and for trusting us to work with them in their activism. Thank you to the entire team at CAL (those present and those who have since left) for providing your thoughts and ideas either directly or indirectly on how to improve this report throughout the course of its production, and; for providing the support that the report team required to produce this report. © Copyright CAL 2020. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Any part of this report may be copied, translated, or adapted only with the permission from the Coalition of African Lesbians (CAL) on the condition that it is for non- commercial purposes, and that CAL and the authors are acknowledged. CAL and the authors would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which significant components of this report are used. CONTENTS Abbreviations 5 Summary 7 Introduction 12 Literature Review 14 Eliminating Violence Against Women & Girls - Advocating
    [Show full text]
  • Illegal Abortion in Southern Ghana: Methods, Hunt, J
    couragement; to Lise Johnson and Sarah Aronson for creative re­ K.agan, Jerome search assistance and development of the vocalization categories; to 1984 The Nature of the Child. New York: Basic Books. Mark Hosley for neurophysiological references; to the anonymous Kinsbourne, M. reviewers for their thoughtful commentary; and to the staff and 1978 Biological Determinants of Functional Bisymmetry and parents of the Special Care Nursery for their good will and continuing Asymmetry. In Asymmetrical Function of the Brain. Marcel help in these studies. Kinsbourne, ed. Pp. 3-13. Cambridge: Cambridge University 2 Sources included Hinde and Spencer-Booth's (1968) study of Press. mother-infant interaction in captive group-living rhesus monkeys, Klein, Nancy, Maureen Hack, John Gallagher, and Avroy A. Fan­ and Hinde and Davis' (1972) study of changes in mother-infant aroff relationships after separation. Most directly applicable was the work 1985 Preschool Performance of Children with Normal Intelli­ of Richards and Bernal (Dunn) ( 1972) with human children in nat­ gence Who Were Very Low-Birthweight Infants. Pediatrics 75(3); ural settings. Observational methods and behavioral categories were 531-537. developed in a natural history methodology as described by Blurton Lieberman, P. Jones (1974: 10-14). 1984 Language, Cognition, and Evolution: The Biology of Lan­ 3 Social and sensory environment studies: Social and Sensory En­ guage. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. vironment of Very Low Birthweight Infants (1978), N = 10 (900- Lind, John (ed.) 1500 g). Auditory Environment Study ( 1979), N = 9 ( 1,000-1,500 1965 Newborn Infant Cry. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Sup­ g). Consecutive Day Study (1979), N = 3 (1,000-1,500 g).
    [Show full text]
  • Second Interim Report July 2010 Contents
    Second interim report July 2010 Contents Executive summary of the Second Interim Report of the Safe Abortion Action Fund (SAAF) 5 1·1 Brief history of SAAF 5 1·2 Achievements 5 1·3 Recommendations 7 1 Introduction 8 2 Development of the Fund 10 2·1 Support and leadership 10 2·2 Allocation of SAAF funds 11 3 Achievements of the fund: indicators from the grantees’ fi nal reports 13 3·1 Increased access to safe abortion and post-abortion services 13 3·2 Effective advocacy for safe abortion 15 3·3 Research 19 3·4 Management and fi nancing of SAAF projects 23 4 Progress and lessons to date 25 4·1 The 2009 external evaluation why SAAF is needed 25 4·2 The regional grantees meetings: strengthening networks of abortion champions 26 4·3 Lessons learnt for future grants 26 Safe Abortion Action Fund: Interim report – July 2010 3 5 On-going project activities 28 5·1 The African DFID projects 28 5·2 The NORAD extended projects 28 6 SAAF is evolving into a better structured fund 29 6·1 A pro-active Board 29 6·2 SAAF at the Women Deliver Conference 29 6·3 A new round of funding for South Asia 30 7 Conclusions and recommendations 31 7·1 Recommendations 31 8 Annexes 32 8·1 Financial statement at 31 December 2009 32 8·2 SAAF Board members as of 31 March 2010 33 8·3 Technical Review Panel members 33 8·4 List of the funded projects 2007-2009 34 8·5 List of the funded projects in Africa for the period 2008-2011 (DFID extra funding for Africa) 36 8·6 List of the extended projects 2010 (NORAD funding) 36 8·7 SAAF logical framework for the next round of funding 37 4 Safe Abortion Action Fund: Interim report – July 2010 Safe Abortion Action Fund: Interim report – July 2010 5 Executive summary of the Second Interim Report of the Safe Abortion Action Fund (SAAF) The Safe Abortion Action Fund (SAAF) is a multi-donor funding mechanism that supports in-country initiatives for increasing access to safe abortion services.
    [Show full text]