DOCSLIB.ORG

Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17 Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17 Document Control Title Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines Author Author’s job title Screening Midwife Consultant Medical Microbiologist Directorate Department Women and Children Antenatal Clinic Date Version Status Comment / Changes / Approval Issued 0.1 2012 Draft Reviewed and updated into new Trust Format 1.0 Aug 13 Final Approved at August Maternity Services Guidelines Group 2.0 July 17 Final Approved at August Maternity Services Guidelines Group Main Contact Screening Midwife Tel: Direct Dial – 01271 314037 Ladywell Unit Tel: Internal – 4037 North Devon District Hospital Raleigh Park Barnstaple, Devon EX31 4JB Lead Director Director of Nursing Superseded Documents Not Applicable Issue Date Review Date Review Cycle July 2017 July 2020 Three years Consulted with the following stakeholders: (list all) Senior Midwives Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Paediatricians Women’s and Children’s Directorate Management Microbiology Dept. Contact responsible for implementation and monitoring compliance: Lead Clinician Women and Children’s Specialist Midwife Risk Coordinator Education/ training will be provided by: Practice Development Midwives Approval and Review Process Maternity Guidelines Group Local Archive Reference G:\Compliance Team\Policies and Procedures\Published Polices Local Path Maternity\folder Filename Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines v2.0 Policy categories for Trust’s internal Tags for Trust’s internal website (Bob) website (Bob) Maternity Services G:\Corporate Governance\Compliance Team\Policies Procedural Documents\Published Policy Database\Maternity\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines v2.0.docx V1.0 10Jul15 Page 1 of 20 Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17 Midwifery, Antenatal Maternity Services G:\Corporate Governance\Compliance Team\Policies Procedural Documents\Published Policy Database\Maternity\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines v2.0.docx V1.0 10Jul15 Page 2 of 20 Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17 CONTENTS Document Control........................................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 3 3. Definition of Terms ............................................................................................................... 3 4. Background .......................................................................................................................... 4 5. Antenatal Care ..................................................................................................................... 6 6. Delivery ................................................................................................................................ 8 7. Breastfeeding ....................................................................................................................... 8 8. Management of Infants Born to HCV Positive Mothers .......................................................... 9 9. Consultation, Approval, Review and Archiving Process ........................................................ 10 10. Monitoring Compliance and Effectiveness ........................................................................... 10 11. Education and Training ....................................................................................................... 10 12. References ......................................................................................................................... 11 13. Associated Documentation ................................................................................................. 12 Appendix A: Flowchart for Hepatitis C Testing in Pregnancy ........................................................ 13 Appendix B: Hepatitis C Patient Information Leaflet .................................................................... 17 Appendix C: Individual Care Pathway - Positive Hepatitis C Screen Result .................................... 20 1. Introduction 1.1. These guidelines have been produced to ensure all women attending antenatal clinics are appropriately screened for Hepatitis C. 2. Purpose 2.1. The purpose of this guideline is to show that the Maternity Service has approved processes to ensure Hepatitis C in pregnancy is appropriately managed. 3. Definition of Terms HCV Hepatitis C virus Genotype Generic type or makeup of the virus IVDU Intravenous drug user/s PCR test Polymerase chain reaction test Viral load Amount of copies of the virus circulating in the blood Anti-HCV Antibodies to HCV (a positive result does not indicate whether the infection is acute, chronic or no longer present) Quantitative PCR viral test Measures the amount of HCV in the blood Qualitative PCR viral test Detects if there is HCV present in the blood CMM Consultant Medical Microbiologist Maternity Services G:\Corporate Governance\Compliance Team\Policies Procedural Documents\Published Policy Database\Maternity\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines v2.0.docx V1.0 10Jul15 Page 3 of 20 Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17 CHIT Child Health Information Team 4. Background 4.1. HCV is recognized as a worldwide public health problem, the global prevalence of chronic HCV infection is estimated to be approaching 3%, over 170million infected people. Prevalence of HCV in England varies from 0.4 - 0.8%. 4.2. HCV is a blood-borne virus discovered in 1989 that predominantly affects the cells of the liver. This can result in inflammation and significant damage to the liver. It can also affect the liver’s ability to perform its essential functions. Although it has always been regarded as a liver disease - ‘hepatitis’ means ‘inflammation of the liver’ - recent research has shown that HCV affects a number of other areas of the body. These can include the digestive system, the lymphatic system, the immune system and the brain. 4.3. HCV infection can be categorised into two stages. The first stage is acute infection (following initial infection). The second stage is chronic infection. The acute stage refers to the first 6 months of infection and does not necessarily result in any noticeable symptoms. Approximately 20% of those infected with HCV will naturally clear the virus from their body within the first six months. For the remaining 80% a chronic (long-term) infection will develop. 4.4. The course of a chronic hepatitis C infection is extremely varied and unpredictable. Some people experience very few symptoms for as long as a decade. Others can suffer symptoms almost from the start. Some will progress to develop fibrosis and cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer or end stage liver disease, while others experience very little liver damage, even after many years. In cases where there is an absence of symptoms many people do not discover that they have HCV until some time after they have been infected. 4.5. Drug treatment to eradicate the virus has advanced greatly in the last few years. The success rates for genotypes 2 and 3 are now as high as 80%, and 50% for the other genotypes. However, the treatment can have significant side effects and is definitely not suited to everyone. A vaccine remains some time off. 4.6. There are no National or Regional guidelines for management of pregnant women with HCV infection. 4.7. There are various risk factors for contracting HCV, intravenous drug injecting is considered to be the predominant mode of infection in women of childbearing age. Inter-agency co-operation should help ensure that the woman gets the best advice and care. 4.8. Currently neither the National Screening Committee (NSC) nor the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) support universal screening for HCV in pregnancy. Maternity Services G:\Corporate Governance\Compliance Team\Policies Procedural Documents\Published Policy Database\Maternity\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy\Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines v2.0.docx V1.0 10Jul15 Page 4 of 20 Hepatitis C in Pregnancy Guidelines FINAL July17 4.9. However, HCV Antibody testing should be offered to women who have been identified with the following main risk factors: a) past or current history of illicit drug use, namely intravenous (IV) drug use, sniffing/ snorting (e.g. cocaine), or sharing smoking paraphernalia e.g. crack pipes. b) partner (current or past) diagnosed with Hepatitis C c) partner (current or past) known drug user (as above) d) other known blood borne virus (HIV, Hepatitis B) e) commercial sex work f) women who consider themselves at risk and ask for testing g) history of receiving transfusion of blood prior to the introduction of blood donor screening in the UK (September 1991) or blood products prior to viral inactivation of blood products in 1985; h) tattoos or ear- or body piercing where infection control measures may not have been adequate; i) potential exposure to infection in other countries e.g. by medical or dental treatment where infection control measures might not have been adequate. 4.10. At booking all women are asked if they use or have used drugs. Blood is routinely screened for maternal infections. Informed consent is requested for Hepatitis B Virus, HIV, Syphilis and Rubella. It follows that all pregnant women who present
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outcome of Hepatobiliary Scanning in Neonatal Hepatitis Syndrome
    GENERAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE Outcome of Hepatobiliary Scanning in Neonatal Hepatitis Syndrome Susan M. Gilmour, M. Hershkop, Ram Reifen, David Gilday and Eve A. Roberts Departments of Pediatrics and Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada acetic acid (IDA) compounds has improved our ability to To evaluate the diagnostic information gained from hepatobiliary differentiate these two disease groups. Although some claim a scanning in infants, we reviewed 86 consecutive infants who were specificity of 100% for hepatobiliary scans in extrahepatic s4 mo old and were treated for conjugated hyperbilirubinemia at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto between 1985 and 1993 biliary atresia (fi), most find a lower specificity (7). and who had technetium iminodiacetic hepatobiliary scanning and a We have noted in selected cases that hepatobiliary scintigra percutaneous liver biopsy performed in close temporal proximity. phy may fail to show drainage in several other neonatal liver Methods: Retrospective reviews of hospital charts and blinded diseases, not only in severe idiopathic neonatal hepatitis but reviews of hepatobiliary scans were performed. Results: There also in conditions characterized by interlobular bile duct pau were 58 male and 28 female infants (age range, 2-124 days; mean = city. We also found that hepatocellular extraction of radiotracer 65 days). Hepatobiliary scanning failed to show biliary excretion into was not an accurate discriminator between neonatal hepatitis the gastrointestinal tract in 53 of 86 patients. Forty of these 53 had and other cholestatic conditions. The aim of our study was to extrahepatic biliary atresia. The remaining 33 patients demonstrated test these observations by reviewing hepatobiliary scans in a biliary excretion into the gastrointestinal tract; 24 of 33 had neonatal very large number of patients representing a broad spectrum of hepatitis.
    [Show full text]
  • Neonatal Cholestasis
    Neonatal Cholestasis Erin Lane, MD, Karen F. Murray, MD* KEYWORDS Neonatal cholestasis Neonatal liver disease Biliary atresia Jaundice Cholestasis KEY POINTS The initial evaluation of a jaundiced infant should always include measuring serum conju- gated (or direct) and unconjugated (or indirect) bilirubin levels. Jaundice in an infant that is of very early onset (less than 24 hours of age), persistent beyond 14 days of life, or of new-onset is abnormal and should be investigated. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in an infant (direct bilirubin levels >1.0 mg/dL or >17 mmol/L, or >15% of total bilirubin) is never normal and indicates hepatobiliary abnormality. Infants with cholestasis should be evaluated promptly for potentially life-threatening and treatable causes whereby timing of intervention directly impacts clinical outcomes. INTRODUCTION Jaundice in the neonate is common, usually secondary to unconjugated or indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and is most typically not dangerous to the infant. However, even in the setting of the well-appearing neonate, jaundice should be investigated if it is of very early onset (less than 24 hours of life), prolonged beyond 14 days of life, of new-onset, or at high levels. In these settings, it is critical to evaluate for potentially life-threatening causes, such as infection or evolving hepatobiliary dysfunction, and determine if urgent therapeutic intervention is required. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia warrants expedient evaluation as timing of invention in some cases directly impacts clinical outcomes. Bile is primarily composed of bile acids, bilirubin, and fats, is formed in the liver, and is secreted into the canaliculus. From the canaliculus, bile flows into biliary ducts from where it is ultimately secreted into the intestine after transient storage within the gallbladder.
    [Show full text]
  • And Extrahepatic Neonatal Cholestasis
    Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (1998) 31: 911-919 Histological diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis 911 ISSN 0100-879X Histopathological diagnosis of intra- and extrahepatic neonatal cholestasis J.L. Santos¹, Departamentos de 1Pediatria, 2Cirurgia and 3Patologia, H. Almeida², Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil C.T.S. Cerski3 and T.R. Silveira¹ Abstract Correspondence The histopathology of the liver is fundamental for the differential Key words J.L. Santos diagnosis between intra- and extrahepatic causes of neonatal cholestasis. • Liver biopsy Rua Fernandes Vieira, 501, apto. 02 However, histopathological findings may overlap and there is dis- • Neonatal cholestasis 90035-091 Porto Alegre, RS agreement among authors concerning those which could discriminate • Biliary atresia Brasil between intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis. Forty-six liver biopsies Fax: 55 (051) 312-2090 E-mail: [email protected]. (35 wedge biopsies and 11 percutaneous biopsies) and one specimen from a postmortem examination, all from patients hospitalized for Part of a Master’s thesis neonatal cholestasis in the Pediatrics Service of Hospital de Clínicas presented by J.L. Santos to the de Porto Alegre, were prospectively studied using a specially designed Departamento de Gastroenterologia, histopathological protocol. At least 4 of 5 different stains were used, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS. and 46 hepatic histopathological variables related to the differential diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis were studied. The findings were scored for severity on a scale from 0 to 4. Sections which showed less Received June 4, 1997 than 3 portal spaces were excluded from the study. Sections were Accepted March 26, 1998 examined by a pathologist who was unaware of the final diagnosis of each case.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Specialties Annual Report 2019 Table of Contents Leadership Team Welcome to Riley Children’S Health Ryan D
    OUT 10 OF 10 Medical Specialties Annual Report 2019 Table of contents Leadership Team Welcome to Riley Children’s Health Ryan D. Nagy, MD Welcome to Riley Children’s Health ............................................ 1 Interim President As one of the nation’s leading pediatric health systems, Riley Children’s Health Elaine G. Cox, MD About Riley Children’s Health ....................................................... 2 is committed to delivering evidence-based, patient-centered care to children and Chief Medical Officer Helping to build strong, healthy communities ........................... 4 families. We are pleased to share this overview of Riley’s 25 medical specialties,* Paul Haut, MD Maternity Tower at Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health ....... 6 highlighting our expertise in pediatric healthcare from primary care to the most Chief Operating Officer Medical Specialties serious and complex medical conditions. Megan Isley, DNP, MBA, RN Chief Nursing Officer Adolescent Medicine ................................................................... 8 Our care teams are honored to be part of a children’s hospital that is consistently Frank Runion Allergy and Immunology ............................................................ 10 ranked among the best in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. This year, Riley Chief Financial Officer Cardiology ................................................................................... 12 Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health—Indiana’s only nationally ranked D. Wade Clapp,
    [Show full text]
  • Neonatal Hepatitis in Premature Infants Simulating Hereditary Tyrosinosis J
    Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.46.247.306 on 1 June 1971. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1971, 46, 306. Neonatal Hepatitis in Premature Infants Simulating Hereditary Tyrosinosis J. S. YU, J. A. WALKER-SMITH,* and E. D. BURNARD From the Department of Child Health, University of Sydney, and Children's Medical Research Foundation, Royal Alexandra Hospitalfor Children, and the Women's Hospital (Crown Street), Camperdown, N.S.W., Australia Yu, J. S., Walker-Smith, J. A., and Burnard, E. D. (1971). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 306. Neonatal hepatitis in premature infants simula- ting hereditary tyrosinosis. Three premature infants are reported who developed obstructive jaundice in the first 3 months of life, with a chemical and histological picture consistent with neonatal hepatitis. The disease was complicated by gross generaiized aminoaciduria, rickets, and anaemia. Serum tyrosine levels were raised to 0 * 28-l 64 ,umole/ml in 2 infants, and did not fall in response to ascorbic acid given orally. The infants recovered over the next 3 to 5 months without specific therapy. Many features of the illness in the 3 infants are suggestive of hereditary tyrosinosis, but the transient nature of the illness excluded this diagnosis. It is suggested that the infants had neonatal hepatitis and that the aminoaciduria and rickets were complications of the hepatitis and the prematurity. The recognition of this syndrome of neonatal hepatitis simulating tyrosinosis is important, if unneces- sary and possibly dangerous therapy directed at hereditary tyrosinosis is to be copyright. avoided. A high serum tyrosine level may be found in the on the third day and by the fourth day the serum neonate (Wong, Lambert, and Komrower, 1967; bilirubin reached 14-1 mg/100 ml, of which 12 9 mg Partington, 1968) in liver disease (Levine and Conn, was conjugated.
    [Show full text]
  • Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic Jaundice
    CLINICAL GUIDELINES Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic Jaundice in Infants: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition ÃRima Fawaz, yUlrich Baumann, zUdeme Ekong, §Bjo¨rn Fischler, jjNedim Hadzic, ôCara L. Mack, #Vale´rie A. McLin, ÃÃJean P. Molleston, yyEzequiel Neimark, zzVicky L. Ng, and §§Saul J. Karpen ABSTRACT Cholestatic jaundice in infancy affects approximately 1 in every 2500 term PREAMBLE infants and is infrequently recognized by primary providers in the setting of holestatic jaundice in infancy is an uncommon but poten- physiologic jaundice. Cholestatic jaundice is always pathologic and indicates tially serious problem that indicates hepatobiliary dysfunc- hepatobiliary dysfunction. Early detection by the primary care physician and tion.C Early detection of cholestatic jaundice by the primary care timely referrals to the pediatric gastroenterologist/hepatologist are important physician and timely, accurate diagnosis by the pediatric gastro- contributors to optimal treatment and prognosis. The most common causes of enterologist are important for successful treatment and an optimal cholestatic jaundice in the first months of life are biliary atresia (25%–40%) prognosis. The Cholestasis Guideline Committee consisted of 11 followed by an expanding list of monogenic disorders (25%), along with many members of 2 professional societies: the North American Society unknown or multifactorial (eg, parenteral nutrition-related) causes, each of for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and the European which may have time-sensitive and distinct treatment plans. Thus, these Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. This guidelines can have an essential role for the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis committee has responded to a need in pediatrics and developed to optimize care.
    [Show full text]
  • Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Challenges and Solutions
    Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health ISSN 2474-7602 Review Article J Gynecol Women’s Health Volume 1 Issue 5 - November 2016 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Dalia Rafat DOI: 10.19080/JGWH.2016.01.555572 Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Challenges and Solutions Dalia Rafat* and Seema Hakim Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aligarh Muslim University, India Submission: November 02, 2016; Published: November 22, 2016 *Corresponding author: Dalia Rafat, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, J N Medical College & Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India, Tel: ; Email: Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Pregnancy; Vertical transmission; Immunoprophylaxis; Antiviral therapy Introduction A. The effect of pregnancy on HBV infection and of HBV Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in infection on pregnancy. the world, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which attacks liver cells and can lead to liver failure, cirrhosis (scarring) or B. The potential viral transmission from mother to cancer of the liver later in life. According to the World Health newborn despite at-birth prophylaxis with immunoglobulin Organization (WHO) estimates, two billion people have been and vaccine infected worldwide with the HBV, which accounts for one-third C. Possible prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the global population, and more than 240 million are chronic through antiviral drugs carriers (4%-6% of the world population). Approximately 600000 people die every year due to the consequences of HBV D. The type of antiviral drug to use considering their infection [1]. their administration and discontinuation Modes of transmission include both horizontal spread via efficacy and potential teratogenic effect, and the timing of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Rhinitis
    808 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 283 26 SEPTEMBER 1981 Br Med J (Clin Res Ed): first published as 10.1136/bmj.283.6295.808 on 26 September 1981. Downloaded from istic globules of an amorphous material which are resistant to at presentation. Nor is the damage likely to result from diastase and positive for periodic-acid-Schiff. Immuno- accumulation of alpha,-antitrypsin in the liver, since patients fluorescence studies have shown that these globules are without liver damage have periodic-acid-Schiff-positive immunologically similar to alpha1-antitrypsin; they may be the globules. Further studies from different geographical areas are result of accumulation of a precursor of alpha,-antitrypsin needed to find out whether there is a true association between which cannot be released from the hepatocytes possibly the PiMZ phenotype and liver disease or whether liver damage because of a modification in its structure. The material is secondary to unknown associated environmental or genetic extracted from the globules contains no sialic acid-part of factors. the circulating alpha,-antitrypsin molecule.3 The association between deficiency of and 'Pierce JA, Eradio B, Dew TA. Antitrypsin phenotypes in St Louis.7AMA alpha1-antitrypsin 1975;231 :609-12. childhood cirrhosis was first described in 19764 and since 2 Talamo RC, Langley CE, Reed CE, Makino S. x-Antitrypsin deficiency: confirmed in numerous studies in both children and adults. In a variant with no detectablex,-antitrypsin. Science 1973;181 :70-1. I Jeppsson J-O, Larsson C, Eriksson S. Characterization of ac,-antitrypsin in childhood, liver disease associated with alpha1-antitrypsin the inclusion bodies from the liver in a,-antitrypsin deficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Neonatal Hepatitis Syndrome and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: an Epidemiological Study in South-East England K
    Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.50.584.376 on 1 June 1974. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (June 1974) 50, 376-380. Neonatal hepatitis syndrome and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: An epidemiological study in south-east England K. COTTRALL P. J. L. COOK B.Sc., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. M.B., B.Chir. A. P. MOWAT M.B.Ch.B., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. The Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital Medical School, London, S.E.5, and M.R.C. Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, University College, London, W.C.1 Summary this area have also kindly allowed us to include their A prospective epidemiological study of the Neonatal patients in the survey, and from these three patients Hepatitis Syndrome in S.E. England showed Alpha-1- will be included in whom the diagnosis of alpha-1- Antitrypsin Deficiency (Pi ZZ) to be present in seven antitrypsin deficiency was made long after neonatal was out offifty-twopatients. Data are considered from these nepatitis diagnosed. by copyright. seven patients, and from a further six cases from out- For the purpose of this study we have defined the side this area. The nature of acute illness, pathological Neonatal Hepatitis Syndrome as a disorder starting changes on early liver biopsy, and short-term prog- in the first 4 months of life and characterized by the nosis show considerable variability, but in general the presence of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia with hepatitis is more severe in patients with Alpha-1-A.T. features of hepatocellular damage, such as raised deficiency than in those in whom no aetiological factor serum transaminases, and often bilirubinuria, pale was found.
    [Show full text]
  • Neonatal Intensive Care Goals and Objectives
    Neonatal Intensive Care Goals and Objectives Goal 1: Understand the pediatrician’s role in reducing morbidity in high risk pregnancies and complications of childbirth. Objective Primary Teaching Evaluation Competency Method Method Domain A. Describe general principles about: 1. Basic vital statistics that apply to newborns (neonatal, perinatal mortality,etc.) PL 1,2,3 2. Tests commonly used by obstetricians to measure fetal well-being. PL 1,2,3 3. Prenatal services available in one’s region. PL 2,3 4. Prenatal visit in the pediatrician’s office PL 2,3 5. Neonatal transport systems PL 2,3 6. Effective intervention programs for Clinical Electronic teens and other high risk mothers PL 3 Encounters Evaluation PC, MK, B. For each of the following prenatal and perinatal PBL, ICS, Readings Direct complications SBP Observation 1. Describe the pediatrician’s role in Lectures assessment and management. 360 evaluations 2. Recognize potential adverse outcomes NRP for the fetus/neonate Transport Attending led evaluations List of complications: chart review a. Maternal infections/exposure to (mother’s Transport infections during pregnancy history) committee PL 1,2,3 review process b. Fetal exposure to harmful substances (ETOH, TOB, street drugs, medications, environmental toxins) PL 1,2,3 c. Maternal insulin-dependent diabetes and pregnancy-induced glucose intolerance PL 1,2,3 d. Premature labor, premature ruptured membranes PL 1,2,3 ACGME Competencies: 1 PC = Patient Care MK = Medical Knowledge PBL = Practice-Based Learning and Improvement ICS = Interpersonal and Communication Skills PL = Professionalism SBP = Systems-Based Practice Format adapted from University of Tennessee College of Medicine e.
    [Show full text]
  • Experience of a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit During 19 Years
    www.jpnim.com Open Access eISSN: 2281-0692 Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine 2017;6(1):e060127 doi: 10.7363/060127 Received: 2016 Mar 16; revised: 2016 Jun 29; rerevised: 2016 Jul 07; rerevised: 2016 Jul 13; accepted: 2016 Jul 13; published online: 2017 Jan 16 Original article Cholestasis in the newborn: experience of a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during 19 years Carolina Carneiro1, Susana Pissarra1,2, Filipa Flor-de-Lima1,2, Sandra Costa1,2, Hercília Guimarães1,2 1Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal 2Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal Abstract Introduction: Neonatal cholestasis is a rare and always pathological condition that must be distinguished from physiologic jaundice of the newborn. It is characterized by a conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with accumulation of biliary products due to multiple causes, some of which need prompt treatment. The objectives of this study are to characterize a population of neonates with neonatal cholestasis in a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to identify predictors of mortality. Materials and methods: All patients presenting cholestasis and admitted to “Centro Hospitalar São João” NICU from January 1996 to December 2014 were included. Results: A total of 83 newborns were included with a prevalence of prematurity of 78.3% and of major malformations of 30.1%. Sixty-seven newborns developed sepsis and 71 needed total parenteral nutrition for a median length of 32 days. A multifactorial etiology for cholestasis was found in 57.8%; extra- and intrahepatic diseases accounted for 19.3% and 22.9% of the cases, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Newborn Baby Boy with Hypoglycemia and Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis Moina Uddin, D.O Endorama 12/5/13 Chief Complaint
    Newborn baby boy with hypoglycemia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis Moina Uddin, D.O Endorama 12/5/13 Chief Complaint • 11 day old male neonate with persistent hypoglycemia HPI • Born FT, AGA, via c‐section • Pregnancy complicated by maternal diabetes, asthma and HTN, GBS + status • Meconium‐stained amniotic fluid perinatal stress • APGARS = 91, 95 • Initially to General Nursery HPI • POC glucose = 20 at 1 hour of life (26 on repeat) • POC glucose = 41 s/p feed • Needed continuous IVF until DOL 5, with highest GIR of 9.6 ml/kg/min to maintain POC glucose 60s‐70s. HPI • Repeated episodes of hypoglycemia after GIR was weaned ENDOCRINE CONSULT Additional History • Family Hx – Mother with GDM – Father with seizure disorder from birth until 7 yo, some staring spells – Paternal great aunt with seizure disorder – Half‐brother died at age 3 yo from esophageal rupture • Social Hx – Will live at home with both parents and 2 siblings Review of Systems • Constitutional: Negative • Genitourinary: Negative for fever. + appropriate • Skin: Negative weight • Neurological: Negative • Endocrine: Hypoglycemia for seizures • HENT: Negative • Hematological: • Respiratory: Negative Polycythemia, now • Cardiovascular: Negative resolved • Gastrointestinal: • Psychiatry: No agitation Hyperbilirubinemia or increased somnolence Physical Examination • Vitals: Wt: 3.425 (~40%ile), • CV: RRR, no murmurs, CR < Lt: 52 cm (~55%ile) 3 secs, 2+ femoral pulses Temp: 36.6‐36.8 C, HR: 140‐ • Pulmonary: CTAB, good 181, RR: 32‐51, BP: 68‐ aeration bilaterally, 75/42‐44 intermittent
    [Show full text]