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Study Documentation UK Data Archive SN 7956 - European Union Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Survey, 2012: Special Licence Access TECHNICAL REPORT EU LGBT survey Technical report Methodology, online survey, questionnaire and sample EU LGBT survey – Technical report CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................................ 5 1 Defining the survey population ............................................................... 6 EU LGBT target group and instrument ................................................................................... 6 Representativeness of the results ........................................................................................ 6 2 The questionnaire ..................................................................................... 10 Instrument development ..................................................................................................... 10 Questionnaire content ......................................................................................................... 10 Consultation with stakeholders and national experts ........................................................ 13 Cognitive testing.................................................................................................................. 15 Languages ......................................................................................................................... 16 3 Translation process .................................................................................. 17 Forward translation by local survey experts from the Gallup network.............................. 17 Back-translation .................................................................................................................. 18 Evaluation of back-translations ........................................................................................... 18 Final review by national research experts .......................................................................... 18 Expert review ...................................................................................................................... 18 4 Technical setup of the EU LGBT survey ................................................ 19 The online survey ................................................................................................................ 19 Creating and testing the survey website ............................................................................ 19 The survey website ............................................................................................................. 20 Data security, privacy and confidentiality ........................................................................... 20 5 The sample ................................................................................................. 23 Sample size ......................................................................................................................... 23 Characteristics of respondents ............................................................................................ 24 Weighting of data ................................................................................................................ 27 Composition of the sample ................................................................................................. 28 Non-respondents ................................................................................................................. 35 6 Awareness raising efforts ...................................................................... 39 Facebook ......................................................................................................................... 41 Twitter ......................................................................................................................... 42 Online banners..................................................................................................................... 43 National awareness raising efforts ..................................................................................... 45 Most effective online channels of communication ............................................................. 47 Respondent feedback ......................................................................................................... 50 Quality of the data collected ............................................................................................... 52 2 EU LGBT survey – Technical report Annexes ............................................................................................................ 53 A. Online survey questionnaire ........................................................................... 53 B. List of websites which cooperated to promote the survey, by country ...... 111 C. Communication messages ............................................................................ 137 D. Technical setup .............................................................................................. 142 D. Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 149 3 EU LGBT survey – Technical report Country codes Country code Country Country Country Country code Country code AT Austria IE Ireland BE Belgium IT Italy BG Bulgaria LT Lithuania CY Cyprus LU Luxembourg CZ Czech Republic LV Latvia DE Germany MT Malta DK Denmark NL Netherlands EE Estonia PL Poland EL Greece PT Portugal ES Spain RO Romania FI Finland SE Sweden FR France SK Slovakia HU Hungary SI Slovenia HR Croatia UK United Kingdom 4 EU LGBT survey – Technical report Introduction The aim of the EU LGBT survey was to obtain robust and comparable data that would allow a better understanding of how lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people living in the European Union (EU) and Croatia experience the enjoyment of fundamental rights. The survey collected data from 93,079 people across the EU and Croatia through an anonymous online questionnaire, collecting the views, perceptions, opinions and experiences of persons aged 18 years or over, who self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. The topics related to various fundamental rights issues with an emphasis on experienced discrimination, violence and harassment. The survey and all related activities covered the 27 current EU Member States as well as Croatia. FRA designed the questionnaire and finalised it in consultation with its Scientific Committee, relevant stakeholders and civil society organisations, as well as independent academics and national experts with expertise in the area of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. The survey asked a range of questions about LGBT people’s experiences including: public perceptions and responses to homophobia and/or transphobia; discrimination; rights awareness; safe environment; violence and harassment; the social context of being an LGBT person; personal characteristics, including age and income group. The full survey questionnaire is provided in the Annex A of this report. The EU LGBT survey was a large-scale empirical data collection exercise using an online questionnaire as its main instrument. The questionnaire was online between April and July 2012.1 The research method chosen – online questionnaire and sampling through self- identification of the respondents – provided a number of advantages and strengths, as well as limitations and constraints, both of which need to be taken into account when reading the survey results. These questions are presented and discussed in detail in the following sections of this technical report to shed light on the research process, as well as to put in evidence the range and the potential of the pool of data that lie behind the key findings of the EU LGBT survey. A consortium of Gallup Europe2 and ILGA-Europe,3 selected by the FRA through an open call for tender, managed the data collection activities. For a concise presentation of key issues concerning the survey methodology – issues that are presented in detail in this report – please consult the Questions & Answers technical paper. 1 The questionnaire was online and accessible for respondents from 0:00 April 2, 2012 to 24:00 July 9, 2012. 2 Gallup is an international survey and consultancy company, see: www.gallup.com or Gallup-Europe http://eu.gallup.com. 3 ILGA-Europe is the European umbrella organisation of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working on LGBTIQ issues; see: www.ilga-europe.org. 5 EU LGBT survey – Technical report 1 Defining the survey population EU LGBT target group and instrument The target group of the EU LGBT survey was defined as: people who describe themselves under the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual or the Transgender umbrella terms (allowing for sub-categories in the transgender group, such as transsexual, cross-dresser and queer); people who currently live in any of the 27 EU Member States and Croatia – regardless of legal circumstances (residency) or citizenship; people who are at least 18 years old. The EU LGBT survey used a predominantly quantitative online questionnaire to collect its data. The questionnaire was composed mainly of closed single-response questions – both affirmative-negative (Yes/No) and scale type (for example strongly agree/agree/disagree/strongly disagree/don’t know), as well as multiple response questions. Respondents also had an opportunity to complement their responses with
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