SFG1690 V13
Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN HALISAHAR MUNICIPALITY Public Disclosure Authorized UNDER NRGBA ESAMP Public Disclosure Authorized
SUBMITTED TO:
KOLKATA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPEMENT AUTHORITY (KMDA),
KOLKATA, WEST BANGAL Public Disclosure Authorized
Submitted by:
Corporate
Public Disclosure Authorized Office:
IPE GLOBAL PRIVATE LIMITED
IPE Towers, B – 84, Defence Colony, BhishamPitamah Marg, New Delhi -110024 Phone: +91-11- 4075 5900 / 24339533 / 24339534 Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1
1. INTRODUCTION...... 9 1.1 Ganga Clean Up Initiatives...... 9 1.2 National Ganga River Basin Programme ...... 10 1.2.1 World Bank Assistance ...... 11 1.3 Project Component ...... 11 1.2.1 Component One: Institutional Development ...... 11 1.2.2Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments ...... 12 1.4 Relevance of NRGBA in Halisahar Municipality ...... 13 1.5 Need for Environment and Social Management Framework under NGRBP...... 14 1.6 The structure of the Report...... 15
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 17 2.1 About Halisahar Municipality ...... 17 2.2 Existing Sewerage Facility in Halisahar ...... 18 2.2.1 Existing Sewerage: ...... 18 2.2.2 Sanitation ...... 21 2.2.3 Other on-going works ...... 22 2.3 The Need for the Project ...... 22 Description of the Proposed Sewerage Project ...... 22 2.3.1 Main Components of the Project ...... 24 2.3.2 Implementation Schedule ...... 34 2.3.3 Cost Summary ...... 35
3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 38 3.1 Methodology ...... 39 3.2 Screening and Categorization ...... 40 3.3 Screening Conclusion ...... 46
4. REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 48 4.1Applicable Laws and Regulations-Environmental ...... 48 4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India ...... 48 4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and other related Regulations ...... 49
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social ...... 51 4.3 Other legislations applicable to construction activities ...... 66 4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies ...... 68
5. BASELINE STATUS ...... 70 5.1 Baseline Environmental Features ...... 70 5.1.1 Physiography and Topography ...... 70 5.1.2 Climate...... 70 5.1.3 Soil Type and Pollution ...... 70 5.1.4 Air Pollution: ...... 71 5.1.5 Noise Pollution: ...... 72 5.1.6 Water Environment ...... 72 5.1.7 Drainage...... 78 5.1.8 Solid waste Management ...... 79 5.1.9 Flora and Fauna ...... 80 5.2 Baseline Socio- Economic Status ...... 81 5.2.1 Demographic profile ...... 81 5.2.2 Socio Economic status ...... 83 5.2.3 Household survey in the project Area ...... 84 5.2.4 Traffic Analysis ...... 86
6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 90 6.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 90 6.1.1 Air Quality ...... 90 6.1.2 Noise ...... 91 6.1.3 Water Quality ...... 91 6.1.4 Waste Management ...... 92 6.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 92 6.1.6 Traffic Flow ...... 93 6.1.7 Project Impacts ...... 93 6.2 Stakeholder Feedback on Perceived Impact ...... 99 6.2.1 Identification of sensitive locations ...... 100 6.2.2 Assessment of environmental and social impact by stakeholders ...... 100
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 112
1. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 112 1.1 Specific activities by Design Built Operate ( DBO) Operator . Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Implementation of EMP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
1.3 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator .. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4 Implementation of EMP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.6 Cost of ESMP ...... 132 7.7 Public Involvement and Disclosure...... 139 7.8 Conclusion ...... 139
Appendix 1 ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator .. Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3 Implementation of EMP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 2 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring ...... 143
ANNEXURE – 1: Households Questionnaire...... 145
ANNEXURE - 2: Sample Survey Sheets ...... 147
ANNEXURE – 3: FGD Query Sheet ...... 151
ANNEXURE – 4: Glimpses of the FGD and Household survey conducted in Sensitive Locations of Halisahar Municipality ...... 154 Tables
Table 3.1: Environmental and Social Information Format for Screening ...... 40 Table 4.1 Key Environmental Laws relevant to the project ...... 49 Table 4.2 Other legislations applicable ...... 67 Table 5.1: Pollution Status in Halisahar town ...... 74 Table 5.2: Status of Water supply Infrastructure facility in Halisahar Municipality ...... 76 Table 5.3: Ward Wise Status of Water Supply in Halisahar ...... 77 Table 5.4: Drainage network coverage in Halisahar ...... 78 Table 5.5: Solid waste Management status ...... 80 Table 5.6: Working status of population in Halisahar ...... 82 Table 5.7: Population profile of Halisahar ...... 82 Table 5.8: Income and expenditure status ...... 84 Table 5.9 Modal Split in Peak Period ...... 86 Table5.10: Modal Split in Lean Period ...... 87 Table 6.2: Environment and Social Impact Assessment ...... 106 Table 1-1: Environment Management Plan ...... 115
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Table 7.3: Estimated Cost of ESMP ...... 133 Table 0-1: Environment Management Plan ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.5 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (2 Years) ...... 143 Table 7.6: Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Operational Phase (5 Years)...... 144
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Expanded Notation
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
DO Dissolved Oxygen
ESAMP Environment and Social Assessment and Management Plan
EMP Environment Management Plan
ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework
GAP Ganga Action Plan
IA Implementing Agency
KMDA Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
LS Lifting Station
MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests
MPS Main Pumping Station
NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority
NCRD National River Conservation Directorate
PEA Project Execution Agency
QCBS Quality and Cost Based Selection
SC Schedule Caste
ST Schedule Tribe
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SMP Social Management Plan
WBPCB West Bengal Pollution Control Board
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction
River Ganga has significant economic, environmental, and cultural value in India. Rising in the Himalayas and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more than 2,500 km through the plains of north and eastern India. However increasing population in the basin and haphazard urbanization and industrial growth has significantly impacted the water quality of River Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of pollution are untreated sewage and industrial wastewater.
The previous attempt to clean the river, such as Ganga Action Plan (GAP) launched in 1985 have provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but lot more needs to be done. Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the Ganga cannot be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative will have to adopt a three-pronged approach by:
i. establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in the river; ii. making relevant institutions operational and effective and; iii. Implementing a phased program for Ganga clean-up.
Ganga Action plan program for Halisahar Town was initiated in the year 1990. In order to give effect to the above pollution abatement measures, schemes were designed as per the guidelines framed by GAP/ NCRD and execution of schemes was planned under two phases. However no work was completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase I.
Works completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase II include an Interception & Diversion Scheme that was executed in the town with the view to divert the contaminated flows of city drain to a sewage treatment plant.
In this scheme, about 3.22 kilometer sewers of size 400/500 mm along with 2 Lifting stations , 2 main pumping station and 2 Stabilization Ponds type Sewage Treatment Plant were constructed.
The project is contemplated to divert Bager Khal (a drain coming from Kanchrapara & Gayespore) along with 2 small drains of Halisahar to a 6.0 MLD Stabilization Pond type STP
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 in Kalyani (at the boarder of Halisahar). The other 4 drains of Halisahar are diverted to another 6.5 MLD Stabilization Pond STP in the central part of Halisahar.
Hence there is no other sewerage line in the town and I&D sewers were not proposed for house connections. Presently there are 11,094 septic tanks and 4,285 pour flush latrines in the town. About 20-15% of population, particularly from slums defecate in open or even at the banks of Hooghly. There are 58 notified slums in the town. Many households have made tiny toilets connected to open drains. The city as such is deprived of door to door sewerage and residents depend on septic tanks or bore- hole type latrines, while sullage is passed to open drains. The slum dwellers on the other hand defecate to open drains through privately partitioned latrines. The river in the area is extensively used for bathing raising the BOD and Faecal Chloroform levels. 2. Need for the Comprehensive Sewerage project under NGRBA
In absence of comprehensive sewerage in the town the dry weather foul liquid wastes from the town continues to find its way to river and particularly from large slums in the town which have latrines directly connected to the open drains in the vicinity. The non –slum dwellers are largely dependent on septic tanks and pour flush latrines which again continue to contaminate ground water as well as open drains by continuous out flows from septic tanks. This along with sullage from houses and other sources cause contaminated flows in open drains and near outfalls in river where bathing Ghats are also situated. The tests for pollution levels in open drains and at bathing ghats shows high faecal coliforms counts at both places. The BOD levels in some drains were found very high, indicating contaminated discharges from industries.
It was therefore felt necessary to trap all such pollution sources right at their sources in the town by a comprehensive sewerage scheme to maintain the sanitation of the town without any contamination to the river Hooghly.
As a major step in this direction, the Government of India (GoI) established the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) for comprehensive management of the river. The NGRBA program adopted a river-basin approach and has been given a multi-sectoral mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 by year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into River Ganga.
Under NGRBA, in Halisahar, the proposed sewerage treatment project has been designed with the following components
1. Total 10 sewage pumping stations. 2. Total project cost Rs.274.76 cores. 3. Two separate systems designed on east and west side of the Railway line 4. Laying of comprehensive sewer up to house property line 5. Total 226.994 km sewer line including house connection (diameter varies from 150 - 900mm) are proposed 6. 2 lifting station with augmentation (additional deeper sump) and 3 new lifting stations and also 3 underground L.S 7. Augmentation of 2 Ext. MPS with increasing pump capacity and providing additional deeper sump within the ext. campus. 8. Augmentation of existing STP of 6.5 mld capacity to 16mld capacity; Effluent disposal line up to the nearby Kona khal
It may be noted that, like any construction project, the proposed investments under the NGRBA scheme for Halisahar may have adverse impacts that have to be effectively managed during the planning, design, construction and operational phases. These impacts may have the potential to cause major and minor, and reversible and irreversible societal/ community damage.
The Environmental and Social Management Framework is intended to identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies. The Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF), therefore, would be used as an umbrella by the NGRBA program (the PMG and SPMGs) and all implementing agencies while preparing and/ or appraising, approving and executing the investments so that all environmental and social impacts are identified and mitigated appropriately.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
3. The Methodological Approach
The approach to the ESMF preparation was based on an initial Environmental and Social screening of Halisahar Municipality. Screening conclusions indicate that Halisahar is not located near any eco-sensitive area. Further the proposed project will not involve any land acquisition or displacement of any category of people specifically tribals. Hence the construction of proposed STP will have marginal environmental impact on the adjoining settlement in terms of dust and noise during construction and can be inferred as a “Low” impact project.
4. Compliance with Acts and Regulations
However compliance with Air Act 1981, Noise Rules, EP Act 1986, Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1974 will be mandatory for construction. The Lifting stations being located in open grounds will not create any environmental impact. The laying of sewer lines will not produce any significant amount of waste particularly since it will be laid under minimum 3 m wide roads. The roads will be reinstated to its original conditions after lying of sewer line. Temporary traffic disruptions will be avoided through appropriate diversions. There will be no significant adverse impacts in terms of flooding, gas emission, waste discharge, health risks etc. Hence Environmental Clearances and abidance to Social laws and Regulations as well as World Bank’s Operational Policies are not relevant in the context of the Proposed Sewerage project in Halisahar.
5. Baseline Environmental and Social Features of Halisahar
The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga flows along the entire west border of the Municipality.The river is confronted with the problem of pollution in this stretch as 7 outfalls from Halisahar Municipality drain water in
Hooghy River which is a tributary of the Gnages. The BOD3days data for KhasbatiNala, Kalikatala Nala Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and Ramprasad Ghat although are below 30mg/l due to the tidal effect, do pose a future treat. Random growth and settlement in the slum area has choked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes water logging and
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 stagnation in different parts of the municipality. Soil contamination mainly occurring from industrial and biomedical waste, domestic waste and open defecation/ use of unhygienic latrines is getting aggravated due the water logging problem. Air pollution in Halisahar Municipality is due to the existence of large manufacturing units and vehicular traffic which is constantly on the rise. However Air Pollution indicators like RPM, SPM, SO2 and NO2 do not raise an alarm as yet and are within the allowable limits. . Noise is not a great problem for this municipality as it is well within the allowable limits of 85 decibel .However sound levels indicate a rise in daytime The decibel level in commercial area vary between 65 to 55 decibel in day and night time respectively while it is 55 and 45 decibel in the residential area.Flora and fauna include those prevalent in an urban ecosystem in the lower gangetic plain bio-geographical zone and do not pose any threat of serious impact or extinction due to urban development. To sum up, the environmental indicators do not pose a threat at this instance. But water and soil pollution levels, if left uncontrolled can lead to an alarming situation in due course of time.
6. Environmental and Social Impacts and their Mitigation
ESMF intended to identify the minor environmental and social impacts arising out of this project in the design, construction and post construction phases through technical analysis and people’s interactions. Household surveys and Focus Group discussion and consultations were held with stakeholders to identify the impacts of the project on air quality, noise, water quality, waste management, Occupational health and safety and Traffic flow
While broad and overall impacts ( temporary and possible )were identified based on analysis , FGD-s were held in sensitive locations like STP, Lifting Stations, Markets, major Road junctions and major roads, school, health units, identified by the Councillors and Municipal functionaries, etc to order assess the specific issues and work on the mitigation measures .
The impact assessment and steps to mitigate impacts were worked out for all three phases
Design Phase Construction Phase Operation Phase
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
In the design phase impacts relate to People apprehension of the project, fear for loos of property, threat of inconvenience which can be mitigated by the Project Implementing Agency or NGO-s through meetings and different communication means conveying importance of the project and the low nature of impact. The project will be designed in- building socially acceptable, environmentally sensitive and technically feasible criteria.
The construction of STP, Lifting Station and sewer lines will involve cutting and excavation of roads, noise and air pollution leading to inconvenience for traffic movement and general public, increased toxic material in drains and water bodies resulting from accidental and emergency overflow of sewage into the local receiving waters etc. Mitigation measures will involve alternate routing and trenchless technology in major road junctions, alternative drainage facility to avoid polluting of drains and water bodies creation of green belt for noise and air barriers. Construction phase will also encounter occupational hazards and accidents which will be managed by medical insurance coverage and medical aid systems at worksites. Health and hygiene issues will be handled by creating of potable drinking water and toilet facilities. Special mitigation measures will be undertaken in sensitive locations like health centres, schools etc. limiting construction work during busy and scheduled hours. Renovation of pumping station will cause dust from construction material which need to be mitigated by spraying of water or creating appropriate facilities for storage. The responsible agency for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction phase will be the Project Implementing Agency and the Contractors.
In the operation phase, STP, Lifting Stations may cause percolation of leachate into ground and surface water which need to be monitored regularly for compliance of with the standard laid down by the State Pollution Control Board. Bad odour, air pollution, noise pollution, a possible impact, will be mitigated by buffer zone creation. Careful handling and transport of drain sludge accumulated through by-passing of sewers Treatment and Disposal will be required to prevent contamination. Ensuring protective measures to workers as per occupational and safety norms to mitigate occupational hazards in both construction and operation phases. Training of workers on safety and health and set down rules and regulations of all new workers at the site, personal protective protection and preventing injuring to fellow workers.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
7. Institutional Arrangement for implementing ESAMP
The contractor/DBO Operator shall be responsible to implement the EMP primarily in assistance with the Project Management Consultant team. The Environmental Specialist from the Independent Engineer/ Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of the EMP and all the design drawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after his approval.
The State, local Government will be responsible for Coordination, Monitoring and evaluation of the Environment Management Plan. It should ensure all the safeguarding plans are in line and acted upon. Contractor shall report the implementation of the Environment Management Plan to the Environmental Expert and the Project management consultant as well as to WBPC through monthly reports. Further a quarterly report is required to be prepared and required to be given to National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) for the progress made in implementing the Environment Management Plan. Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the contractor’s/DBO operator’s report. Project management consultants should make inspection visits at construction site to check the implementation of Environment Management Plan as per the contract.
8. Cost Estimate
Indicative Cost estimatesfor ESMF Plan (including (Environmental Monitoring for construction and operation phases) has been presented below:
Component Cost in INR Cost of ESMF Plan ( including (Environmental 78,38,000.00 Monitoring for construction and operation phases)
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
1. INTRODUCTION
The river Ganga has significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising in the Himalayas and flowing in to the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more than 2,500 km through the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga main stem accounts for 26 per cent of India’s landmass, 30 per cent of its water resources and more than 40 per cent of its population. The Ganga also serves as one of India’s holiest rivers whose cultural and spiritual significance transcends the boundaries of the basin.
Despite its importance, extreme pollution pressures from increasing population and industrialization pose a great threat to the biodiversity and environmental sustainability of the Ganga, with detrimental effects on both the quantity and quality of its flows. Discharge of untreated sewage and industrial wastewater, non-point pollution sources from religious activities along the river, agricultural runoff as well as poor municipal solid waste management are the main causes of pollution in river Ganga.
1.1 Ganga Clean Up Initiatives
Ganga is culturally very significant for India. It is worshipped throughout the country as a goddess. Despite being highly revered and the primary water resource for the heartland of India, the Ganga river is today seriously polluted and under extreme environmental stress. The river suffers from high levels of organic and bacterial pollution, especially in its critical middle stretch resulting in a wide range of negative impacts, including on human health, agriculture, urban services, and the environment. The pollution in the Ganga is primarily a result of inadequate infrastructure, the weak capacity of local water and wastewater utilities in the basin, and the poor state of environmental monitoring and regulation.
The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched in 1985 and extended to two phases over more than two decades for cleaning Ganga. It focused primarily on urban wastewater and funded a large number of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and related urban wastewater infrastructure. Impact data show that, overall, the program was able to maintain or even improve water quality in spite of significant increases in pollution loadings due to urban and industrial growth. An ex-post economic evaluation of the GAP showed that the benefits far exceeded the costs, with non-use benefits accounting for the majority (61%) of the total (Ref : Cost Benefit Analysis of the Ganga Action Plan, Oxford University Press, 2000).
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
The GAP was later complemented by a similar plan for the river Yamuna, the biggest tributary of the Ganga. These programmes have faced significant public scrutiny and, despite some gains made in slowing the rate of water quality degradation, they have been widely perceived as failure. The main shortcomings of these initiatives were: (1) insufficient investments including underutilization of created capacity; (2) inadequate attention to institutional dimensions, including the absence of a long- tem-basin planning and implementation framework; little ownership of local bodies; (3) little effort made in addressing weakness in urban wastewater, and municipal solid waste management, environmental quality monitoring, and reporting, regulatory interventions and (4) inadequate planning, coordination and prioritization of investments, with little emphasis on ensuring their sustainability. These programs also did not pay sufficient attention to the social dimensions of river clean-up, failing to recognize the importance of public consultation, participation and awareness- raising.
Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the Ganga cannot be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative will have to adopt a three-pronged approach by:
i. establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in the river; ii. making relevant institutions operational and effective (e.g. with the capacity to plan, implement and manage investments and enforce regulations); and, iii. Implementing a phased program of prioritized infrastructure investments (with emphasis on sustainable operations and community support) for Ganga clean-up.
1.2 National Ganga River Basin Programme
As a major first step in achieving objective of cleaning river Ganga, this direction, the Government of India (GoI) constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. The NGRB program is entrusted to adopt a river-basin approach and has been given a multi- sectoral mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that by year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into River Ganga within Indian Territory.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Considering the requirement of large investment to meet above objective, The World Bank has been formally requested to provide long-term support to NGRBA, through several phases of substantive financing and knowledge support. While, the overall technical assistance and program development under the proposed initiatives will focus on the entire Ganga main stem, the initial emphasis of the specific investments under the first project will focus on main stem of Ganga flowing through five basin states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal in India. Specifically, pollution abatement programs in cities on the banks of these States which would include a range of municipal investments such as sewer networks, waste water treatment facilities, industrial pollution control measures, municipal solid waste and river front management. This is expected to be achieved through several phases of substantive financing and knowledge support.
The first project of such several phases of support aims at;
i. Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable of planning and implementing a multi sectoral river water quality improvement program and;
ii. Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.
1.2.1 World Bank Assistance
The government of India is implementing programme with the assistance from the World Bank to support the NGRBA in the long term. This assistance aims to support the NGRBA in establishing its operational level institutions and implementing priority infrastructure investments.
1.3 Project Component
The NGRBA programme has three components relating to (i) Institutional development; (ii) Priority Infrastructure Investments and (iii) Project implementation support. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the relevant ideas, all NGRBA Schemes will have two components relating to institutional development and priority infrastructure investments. The project implementation support component provide support to the Mission Directorate of National Mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) or the State Project Management Groups (SPMGs) in related to planning and project management for managing the NGRBA programme.
1.2.1 Component One: Institutional Development
Objective: The objectives of the institutional development component are to (i) build functional capacity of the NGRBA’s operational institutions at both the central and state
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 levels; and (ii) provide support to associated institutions for implementing the NGRBA program. The activities financed under this component are grouped under the following sub-components:
Sub-Component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Programme Management
Sub-Component B: Technical Assistance for Urban Local Body (ULB) service providers;
Sub-Component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulators
1.2.2Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments
Objective
The second component is the priority infrastructure investments. The objective of this component is to finance demonstrative infrastructure investments to reduce pollution loads in priority locations on the river. Investment Sectors: The majority of the investments are expected to be in following four sectors:
I. The waste water sector, particularly in waste water treatment plants and sewerage networks; II. Industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. construction of common effluent treatment plants); III. Solid waste management (collection, transport and disposal systems for municipal waste); IV. River front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river stretches improvement of small ghats and electric crematoria, conservation and preservation of ecologically sensitive sites).
Many investments are likely to combine elements of more than one of the above sectors. The investments are intended to exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of technical preparation and implementation, sustainability of operations, and public participation envisaged in the NGRBA framework. This component will also support innovative pilots, for new and transformative technologies or implementation arrangements.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Framework Approach: In lieu of defining and appraising specific investments, the project preparation has focused on developing investments framework covering all four key sectors of intervention under the NGRBA program. This single framework will apply to all investments under the NGRBA program. The objectives of the investments framework are to: a) provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected investments are well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the pollution loads; b) make transparent the decision-making process on investments selection; and
c) ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner The investments framework prescribes the criteria and quality assurance standards covering various aspects including eligibility, prioritization, planning, technical preparation, financial and economic analyses, environmental and social management, long term O&M sustainability, community participation, and local institutional capacity1.
Investment Execution: The investments program will be planned and managed by the NGRBA level PMG and state level PMGs, while the execution of specific infrastructure investments will be done by the selected existing and qualified state-level technical agencies. To foster competition and tap private sector efficiencies, the state governments with significant infrastructure investments are also setting up a public-private joint venture infrastructure company, to execute NGRBA and other similar investments in the respective states in the medium to long term.
Rehabilitation of existing infrastructure Investments involving rehabilitation of existing infrastructure will be given priority due to their intrinsically higher returns in terms of reductions in pollution loads entering the Ganga.
1.4 Relevance of NRGBA in Halisahar Municipality
The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga flows along the entire west border of the Municipality. Like any other urban center along the Ganga, Halisahar has been facing increasing population and haphazard urbanization which has significantly impacted the water quality of River Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of pollution are untreated sewage
1 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National Ganga River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 and industrial wastewater. Non-point pollution sources from agriculture and livestock, religious activities at various locations along the river, as well as poor solid waste management, also contributes to pollution. In addition, substantial abstraction of water, has led to low flows and associated poor water quality in the critical middle stretch of the river.
Estimates indicate that the magnitude of water pollution at Halisahar, if left uncontrolled can lead to alarming situations in due course of time. The BOD3days data as given for Suripara Nala, Bolurpara Ghat , Kona Khal indicate a value of 90mg/l, 60mg/l and 40 mg/l respectively while data in Khasbati Nala, Kalikatala Nala Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and Ramprasad Ghat is low (below 30mg/l) due to the tidal effect. Further random growth and settlement in the slum area has checked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes water logging and stagnation in different parts of the slum. This accumulated water results in various health problems.
Ganga Action plan program for Halisahar Town was initiated in the year 1990which provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but it was felt that a lot more needs to be done. As a major step in this direction, a project worth Rs 230.26 crores has been proposed for abatement of pollution on Ganga through an integrated sewerage management in Halisahar.
1.5 Need for Environment and Social Management Framework under NGRBP Given the distributed nature of investments in multiple states, the investments under the program may entail environmental and social impacts. The environment and social framework is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation phases of various investments. The framework will identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies.
The framework will identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
In this perspective, a detailed assessment of the environmental and social impacts of the project, with proper highlight of the issues and their effective mitigation measures that has been or has to be considered during the design, construction and operation of the project in will be provided. This will lead to the development of the Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Plan which would provide the mitigation measures and the associated costs.
The Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Plan will also associate with it the Communication and Public Outreach Plan and the Governance and Accountability Action Plan for strengthening both the components of NGRBA.
1.6 The structure of the Report
The structure of the report will be as follows
1. Background of the Ganga Clean-up Initiatives and the need for an Environmental and Social Management Frame
2. Description of the Project including the Existing Sewerage Facility and Proposed Sewerage Project
3. Approach and Methodology adopted towards the preparation of ESMF starting from Screening and Categorisation
4. Applicable laws and regulatory frameworks related to Environmental, Social, Specific Construction related and World bank Operational Policies
5. Baseline status of Halisahar Municipality in terms of geophysical , environmental and social features
6. Environmental and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project
7. Environmental and Social Management Plan
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 About Halisahar Municipality
The Halisahar Municipality was established in the year of 1903 and located at the northern end of the District of North 24 Parganas. This Municipality is situated on the eastern bank of the River Hooghly, surrounded by Kalyani Municipality of Nadia District at the north, Naihati Municipality at the south, and Kanchrapara Municipality and Halisahar Railway Station at the east. The geographical location of the Municipality is 22 degree 57 minutes 15 second north axis of the latitude and 88 degree 26 minutes 22 seconds east axis of the longitude. Administratively the Municipality is divided into 23 wards covering 8.29 square kilometers, with population of 1, 24,479 as per 2001 census. Table 2.1 Key information on Halisahar Established 1903
Area 8.29 sqkms
Population 124,479
Slum Population 89352
No. of Wards 23
Slums Pockets 72
Nearest Highway NH 34, Kalyani Expressway Solid Waste Management Door to Door garbage collection System Garbage cleaning from vats and roads Access to safe drinking water, 2005 85% Quality of drinking water Traceable arsenic and fluoride well within the prescribed supply threshold limits.
Keeping in mind the main emphasis of NGRBA which is “no untreated municipal sewage and industrial effluents would be allowed to enter the river Ganga after 2020”, it is essential to regulate the waste water outfall in the river. Looking into the output of the situational analysis and water quality monitoring of the river Hooghly, it has become quintessential to follow a Detailed City Sanitation Plan which will look into the operation and maintenance of city
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 sewerage and drainage and sanitation system. City Sanitation Plan has been formulated in consultation with urban local body and other stakeholders in sectors of wastewater and solid waste management with a vision and goal in 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and 30 years and with a purpose to prepare a compendium of schemes necessary to convert the polluted stretch of the river in the state to a stretch of the river having the desired quality of water.
2.2 Existing Sewerage Facility in Halisahar
2.2.1 Existing Sewerage: Halisahar town does not have door to door sewerage system. However an interception & diversion [I & D] scheme had been executed recently under Ganga Action Plan (GAP) in the town with a view to intercept & diverts the contaminated dry weather flows of city drains to sewage treatment plants and dispose it in river any after treatment. The project is contemplated to divert Bager Khal (a drain coming from Kanchrapara & Gayespore) along with 2 small drains of Halisahar to a 6.0 MLD Stabilization Pond type STP in Kalyani (at the boarder of Halisahar). The other 4 drains of Halisahar are diverted to another 6.5 MLD Stabilization Pond STP in the central part of Halisahar. The following works were executed in this scheme.
1. Lifting Station No 1 (Southern Side) 5 M Sump diameter.
Pumps
3x25 lps / 15KW / 23 M
2x 12.25 lps/ 11KW / 23 M
2. Lifting Station No 2 (Northern Side) 5 M sump diameter.
Pumps
3x9 lps / 2 KW / 7.5 M
2x 5 lps/ 1.5 KW / 7.5 M
3. Interception Sewers
400 MM 2002 M 450 MM 390 M
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
500 MM 830 M 3222 M
4. Forced Mains
150 MM 2450 M 300 MM 1180 M 3630 M
5. Main Pumping Station No 1 5 M Sump Diameter
Pumps
5x33 lps / 7.55KW / 10 M
6. Main Pumping Station No 2 5 M Sump Diameter
Pumps
3x68 lps / 30 KW / 20 M
2x 33 lps/ 15 KW / 20 M
7. Sewage Treatment Plant No 1
Average Top Dimensions
Anaerobic Ponds (55 x 45 M) 1No
Anaerobic Ponds (60 x 50 M) 1No
Facultative Ponds ( 70 x 60 M Average) 1 No
Maturation Ponds (180 x 85 M) 1 No
STABILIZATION POND AT STP NO 1
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
8. Sewage Treatment Plant No 2
Anaerobic Ponds (36 x 24 M) 3 No
Facultative Ponds ( 70 x 40 M) 3 No
Maturation Ponds (82 x 27 M) 3 No
9. Effluent Sewer 360 M
The land available in Halisahar for STP NO-2 is 2.42 hectares.
The scheme is completed but is yet to be commissioned due to handing over issues to ULB issues.
As explained, these works are basically for diversion of drains so no house connections with the sewer are given.
In absence of comprehensive sewerage system, people continue to depend on septic tanks and other type of country toilets.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
N
STP NO 2 6 MLD [Waste Stabilization Ponds]
RCC SEWER 400/450 MM 1,642 M
LIFTING STATION NO 2
FORCED MAIN 150 MM 1,180 M
STP NO 1 6.5 MLD [Waste Stabilization Ponds] RCC SEWER 450/500 MM 1,220 M
FORCED MAIN 300 MM 2,450 M
LIFTING STATION NO 1
RCC SEWER 400 MM 1050 m
HALISAHAR EXISTING SEWERAGE WORKS UNDER GAP
2.2.2 Sanitation Halisahar has three fold sanitation systems, such as:- i) On-site Type: Pour Flush Type Latrines – A total number of 4,285 PF latrines are existing covering almost 17% of total population. ii) Semi On-site Type: Septic Tank Toilets – A total number of 11,094 Septic Tanks are existing covering almost 52% of total population. iii) Off-site Type: Sewer Network connection: This is under progress.
About 6% of the population either go for open defecation or use unhygienic latrines which need immediate attention. The other main issue is the seepage that are being discharged from the septic tanks directly to drain – approximately 25% of cases directly to open drain, causing incidents of flooding a number of days – exposing all neighborhood at high risk for oral transmission of diseases. These needs also adequate attention both at regulatory level and also at implementation level so that all septic tanks should have soakage pits to drain- away the seepages that come out from the septic tanks.
Five community toilets are being constructed in war nos. 8, 9, 15, 18 and 19 in the places like Sarkar bazaar, Chowmatha Bazar, Hazinagar Unit 1 and 2 etc.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Key Sanitation Issues
I. Maintenance & Cleaning of septic tanks.
II. Maintenance and repairs of pour flush latrines.
III. Open defecation in the town and along the banks of the river.
IV. Contamination of open drains by septic tank effluents, open defecation in drains and connection of house toilets with drains particularly in slums.
V. Contamination of river by drain out falls particularly along the bathing ghats and through open defecation.
2.2.3 Other on-going works
While no projects have been executed for Cleaning Ganga under JNNURM, at the slum level schemes have been undertaken under BSUP which have a direct bearing on the pollution of Ganga. Halisahar has also included drain improvement projects under the Draft Development Plan.
2.3 The Need for the Project
Description of the Proposed Sewerage Project
Recently an Interception & Diversion Scheme under GAP was executed by KMDA under which 3,912 m sewers (400/450 mm), 2 Lifting Stations, 2 Main Pumping Stations, 3,630 m Pumping Mains and two stabilization type ponds (6.5 + 6) MLD was constructed basically to trap the dry weather flows of these 6 drains and divert to STPs. Out of these drains one Bager Khal has catchments beyond Halisahar. The scheme however has not yet been commissioned.
Hence there is no other sewerage line in the town and I&D sewers were not proposed for house connections. Presently there are 11,094 septic tanks and 4,285 pour flush latrines in the town. About 20-15% of population, particularly from slums defecate in open or even at the banks of Hooghly. There are 58 notified slums in the town. Many households have made tiny toilets connected to open drains. The city as such is deprived of door to door sewerage and residents depend on septic tanks or bore- hole type latrines, while sullage is passed to
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 open drains. The slum dwellers on the other hand pass defecation to open drains through privately partitioned latrines. The river in the area is extensively used for bathing and the desired water quality as per guide lines is Class B with BOD>5 and Faecal Coliform around 500 MNP/100 ml.
In absence of comprehensive sewerage in the town the dry weather foul liquid wastes from the town finds way to river and particularly from large slums in the town which have latrines directly connected to the open drains in the vicinity. The other people are largely depending on septic tanks and pour flush latrines which again continue to contaminate ground water as well as open drains by continuous out flows from septic tanks. It is therefore, a comprehensive sewerage project has been prepared for the town to maintain the sanitation of the town without any contamination to the river Hooghly.
This along with sullage from houses and other sources causes contaminated flows in open drains and near outfalls in river where bathing Ghats are also situated.
The town has many important bathing Ghats all along its 6 Km bank with Hooghly where usually mass bathing is done particularly during festivals. There are two immersion Ghats where people from adjoining places come for last recites along Hooghly. There are also numerous ponds in the town which are quite contaminated due to city wastes. The seepage from septic tanks and other type of such latrines are also causing contamination of ground water which even rises to 2 M below ground level.
The tests for pollution levels in open drains and at bathing ghats shows high faecal coliforms counts at both places. The BOD levels in some drains were found very high, indicating contaminated discharges from industries. NGBRA has recently made the river standards for bathing more stringent. The outfalls of drains discharge in close vicinity of bathing ghats. As such there are chances that the flow of drains may reach to people before it is assimilated in the flow of Hooghly. It is therefore necessary to trap all such pollution sources right at their sources in the town by a comprehensive sewerage scheme and hence the need for such a project.
Under NGRBA, the proposed project has been designed with the following components
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
2.3.1 Main Components of the Project
Sewerage Network
The pivotal trunk sewer is proposed internal Road which runs all through the middle of the town in North-West direction. All the sub trunks in other directions would converse in the trunk sewer leading the flow to proposed STP and the present I&D STP location in ward 9 & 10.
Sewerage Districts & Zones: The town has been divided in sewerage zones depending on physical boundaries and nature of loads. In Halisahar, the municipal wards are carved with city’s important roads as boundaries. Thus the sewage zones are also conceived more or less on this principal. The load of one zone shall be drained in sewer along the road on down side. The details of sewer network in zones are described below.
LS1 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 19,20,21,22 & 23.Most of the wards are occupied by industries and factories having large number of work man quarters in mill compounds. The sewer lines have not been proposed inside mills or factories private compounds; however the residential load from mills’ quarters has been taken on the city sewers passing along the municipal roads outside such private campuses and are ultimately pumped to existing LS1 and discharged to LS3.
LS3 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 16,17,18 &part of ward 19. Most of the wards are occupied by industries and factories having large number of work man quarters in mill compounds. The sewer lines have not been proposed inside mills or factories private compounds; however the residential load from mills’ quarters has been taken on the city sewers passing along the municipal roads outside such private campuses and ultimately pump to the existing MPS via LS3.
LS2 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6&7. A small area of ward 1 in northern part is low lying which cannot be drained without pumping in nearby proposed sewers. It is proposed to be in Ext. MPS-2 city drains that leads the flow to existing MPS No-2 closest with Kalyani i.e. in reverse direction to Halisahar STP in ward no 9 and 10. In order to carry the sewage of zone one, this I&D sewer need to be dismantled as after introduction of comprehensive sewerage in the town, the need for I&D works would
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 gradually diminish. As the dry weather flows in the city drains would be replaced by new sewage in system slope towards Halisahar STP in ward no 9 and 10.
LS4 sewerage network zone: These zones comprise wards no 8 & 9 and 11, 12,13 respectively. The sub trunks and laterals are proposed to be connected with main T0 trunk line originating from one and leading to proposed 19.46 MLD STP. From ward 13, 14, total discharge will go to LS4 and deeper (below 7m) for which an underground lifting station has been proposed which show in the map.
LS5 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward no 15 and the total load will come to the proposed L.S 5. The depth of sewer line goes below 7m if only one LS is proposed in this zone. Hence one underground lifting station to reduce the invert depth has been proposed. In Halisahar municipality, ground water table is very high. So in this area deep excavation is not possible for which a total of 4nos of underground lifting station in the whole sewerage network Halisahar has been proposed.
LS5 sewerage network zone: The main pumping station, where all the trunks from all directions are drained, shall pump sewage to 19.26 MLD STP proposed on the land of existing STP No 1 in ward No9. Here again one more underground lifting station to reduce the invert depth of sewer line is required. a) Minimum Size of Sewers: Minimum size of sewers is kept as 200 MM for ease in maintenance. b) Trench Width, Bedding etc.: The provision for minimum trench widths, bedding concrete, shuttering etc. has been made as per guidelines provided in KMDA S&W SoR and CPHEE Manual. Basic sizes are shown in the following table:-
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Base Sewer Bed Trench Diameter concrete Width MM 150 475 200 200 530 250 250 580 250 300 750 250 350 865 250 400 900 290 450 975 290 500 1050 290 600 1200 345 700 1425 395 800 1500 450 900 1650 500 1000 1700 560
Suitable offsets in trench widths are given for deeper excavation depths. The trenching has been provided with slope towards sewer. c) Manholes: Manholes have been provided at an average spacing of 30 M. A provision of 5% extra MHs has also been made for extra bends, junctions nala crossings etc. RCC Pre cast man holes have been provided due construction ease in high water level. In general such manholes would prevail better quality, resistance to infiltration and fast progress at site over conventional brick man holes. . Pre cast MHs are not yet common hence care must be taken in approval of venders, quality and rates. d) House Connections: In order to encourage people to shift to sewer connections from their past septic tank and other type of latrines, provision for 27,600 house connections from property line to manholes has been made in the project. e) Other Provisions: Provisions for timber shuttering has been made for deeper sewers or at places where soil is loose or the site is with any other problem. Since the water table is high in the area, provision for sheet piling, protection shoring has also been made for deeper reaches along with provision for pumping of any ground water entering in the trenches to protect the surrounding soil. 3.75 cm thick close timbering with planks, battens, runners struts etc. complete removing them including penetration of shoring as per direction of engineer -in -Charge up to 1 M trench width Depth up to 2.00 M below G.L and 6.5 cm thick close timbering with planks, battens, runners struts etc. complete removing them including penetration of shoring as per direction of engineer -in -Charge up to Depth up to 5.0 M below G.L. Depth below 5m use MS joist/ plate shoring. Provision for cleaning of existing sewer lines to put in service has also been made.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Provision for Tankers with two numbers Tractor with water filling arrangement for Flushing of Sewer as per requirement (Truck Mounted High Pressure Jetting Cum Suction Machine of Capacity 8000 Ltr. Mounted on 16 T GVW Truck Chassis). f) Provision for road cutting and reinstatement has been made.
The description of the different components is provided below:
a. Rising main:
Total 580m rising main are proposed in this scheme. The detailed are following below:
It. No. Item Dia of Pipe (mm) Length (m) 1 LIFTING STATION NO-1 250 100
2 LIFTING STATION NO-2 350 30
3 LIFTING STATION NO-3 250 30
4 LIFTING STATION No.-4 200 30
5 LIFTING STATION No.-5 200 30
6 MPS-1 200 100
7 MPS-2 800 200 8 UNDER GROUND LIFTING STATION of LS-4 200 30
9 UNDER GROUND LIFTING STATION of LS-5 150 30
10 UGLS of MPS-2 450 30
Total 580
b. Lifting Station:
In all 3 new lifting stations, two ext. L.S and one main pumping station at proposed STP site have been proposed. The basic object of lifting stations is to keep sewer depth within 5.5 to 6 meters, except few expectations due to local ground undulations. Pumping stations are provided of RCC, with sump to collect sewage from out fall sewer. A brick work pumping station is provided over the half of sump. Since submersible pumps have been proposed, the pump house would basically house the switch boards and other controls for the pumps. The details of existing and proposed pumping stations are given below;
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Item Capacity Land Remark (MLD) requirement 1. Existing (under I 1.51 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in & D )lifting station the ext. boundary, only pump LS 1 house will be utilized Ward- 20 2. Existing (under I 6.59 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in & D )lifting station the ext. boundary, only pump LS 2 house will be utilized Ward- 6 3. Main pumping 19.18 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in Station the ext. boundary, only pump Ward- 9 house will be utilized 4. proposed LS 3 2.82 10 M X 15M Municipal land Ward- 18 5. proposed LS 4 1.39 10 M X 15M Municipal land Ward- 8 6, proposed LS 5 1.51 10 M X 15M Municipal land Ward- 14 7. LS2- A 1.44 Under ground Ward- 2 8. UGLS of LS4 0.55 Under ground Ward- 14 9. UGLS of LS5 0.71 Under ground Ward- 15 10. UGLS of MPS 19.18 Under ground Ward- 2
Design Criteria Design Period :2046 for Civil Structure 2031 for Electrical and Mechanical Installations including pumps and motors 2046 for Pressure Main Pumping Stations: Consideration of Static and Dynamic Heads for pump and peak velocities in pressure main Pump Type : Submersible Non-Clog Type Peak Sewage Flow : Average of Peak Flows Detention time :8-10 minutes of peak flow
c. STP:
The present Sewage Treatment Plant (STP-1) in the town introduced under I&D GAP is of stabilization ponds type with a capacity of 6.5 MLD. As per guide line the
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
STP would be provided for next 10 years requirements i.e. 2024 AD. The projected sewage load for the town in 2014, 2024 and 2044 is expected as 16, 17.5 and 21 MLD respectively. Thus STP would be provided in modular approach say in modules of 8.5 + 8.5 + 4 MLD units. Initially a capacity 8.5 + 8.5 [ 17 ] MLD shall be raised for the requirements for next 10 years and there after another unit of 4 MLD would be added. The surrounding features of the proposed sites of the entire project are – Ward no 8: Lifting station: Walled vacant land, trenching ground on Niranjan Saraniwith no significant flora or fauna to be impacted other than termites, ants which will find an alternative abode. Ward no 12: STP: Open grassland within residential area on Mishri Pukurroad. The available land at STP site is about 2.4 hectare. Expected Efficiency Expected Influent and effluent quality is as below ;> Inlet BOD 150 mg/lt COD 300 mg/lt TSS 300 mg/lt
Expected Outlet Parameters BOD < 20 mg/lt COD< 100 mg/lt TSS< 30 mg/lt pH 6.5-7.5 Coli form< 10,000 per 100 ml
Effluent Disposal: The nearest disposal place for effluent is Kona Khal (which outfalls in Hooghly). The effluent shall be disposed through pumping above HFL of the drain. The resource recovery in any ways or in combination of (i) Sale of sludge as manure (ii) Sale of treated water for irrigation, horticulture (iii) Pisciculture(iv) Carbon credit
Ward no 14: Lifting station: Vacant land beside Alakananda Water Tank on Col K.P Gupta road. Trees like Mango, Banyan are in the vicinity which will not be impacted by the project. Ward no 18: Lifting station: Vacant ESR Site between Two Overhead Water Tank – not significant impact on flora.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
The snapshots of the existing and proposed sites have been provided below:
W-20Galurpara, Existing LS W-2Bagmore, Existing LS W- 8Mishiripukur, Existing LS
W-14Alakananda water tank, , W-8Trenching Ground, , W-18 Proposed LS Proposed LS Proposed LS
Ward 12 Proposed STP site
The site plans for different project components have been presented below:
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
2.3.2 Implementation Schedule The implementation schedule is as follows
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
2.3.3 Cost Summary Item Amount Description Quantity Unit No. (Lakhs) A Basic cost (a) Sewer Network 226.994 km 18654.39 (b) Pumping station 5 LS+3 UGLS+2 Nos. 883.19 MPS © Rising Main 0.610 km 102.55 (d) Sewage Treatment Plant(STP) including 16 MLD 2352.92 disinfection (16MLD) (e) Boundary Wall 440 m 23.04 Subtotal(A) 22016.09
B Charges 1 Cost of project preparation @4% as per the 880.64 NGRBA guidelines
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Item Amount Description Quantity Unit No. (Lakhs) 2 Cost of supervision of project@4% as per the 880.64 NGRBA guidelines Subtotal(B) 1761.28 1 ESMF 78.38 2 Communication 20.00 3 GAAP 6.00 Subtotal © 104.38 O&M Cost (j) O&M Cost of Works for 5 Years of 3593.87 commissioning of project Sub-total(D) 3593.87 Grand total (A+B+C+D) 27475.62 Say Rs in Crore 274.76 Central Govt. Share 70% (in Crore) 192.33 State Govt. Share 30% (in Crore) 82.43
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
CHAPTER 3: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
The Objective of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA’s endeavor of Mission Clean Ganga by effective management of environmental and social issues in all the investments with a special focus on the following: ensure that all investments adhere to the national, state and local regulatory requirements during the design, implementation and operation stages ensure that best environmental and social practices are mainstreamed/ integrated during design, implementation and operation of the investments strive to enhance environmental conditions wherever feasible undertake to develop communication strategy, capacity building and training initiatives for all stakeholders such as the SPMGs, EAs, ULBs, NGOs and common citizen The approach to the development of ESMF has been a mix of technical as well as participatory exercise.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
3.1 Methodology The following methodology shall be adopted to maximize outputs:
Field Survey and Secondary Data Stakeholder Analysis Consultation
Project Description & Analysis Social Survey and Discussion with Local Population
Environment Details of Project Area
Screening Activity
Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
DEVELOPING MITIGATION PLAN
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
3.2 Screening and Categorization
The project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The extent of assessment required to identify and mitigate the impacts largely depends upon the complexities of project activities.
The scrutiny and screening has been based on a detailed Environment and Social Screening exercise, summarized in table below
Table 3.1: Environmental and Social Information Format for Screening
Project Title Sewerage Integration work and Sewage Treatment Plant at Halisahar Town, West Bengal under NGRBA
Location Halishshar Municipality. North 24 Parganas District
Implementing Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) Agency
Project Cost 274.76 crores
Project 1. Total 226.99 km sewer line including house connection (diameter varies Components from 150 - 900mm) are proposed 2. 2 lifting station with augmentation (additional deeper sump) and 3 new lifting stations and also 3 underground L.S 3. Augmentation 2 Ext. MPS with increasing pump capacity and providing additional deeper sump within the ext. campus. Augmentation of existing 6.5 mld STP to 16 mld
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of Remarks /Explanatory note Category for categorisation (High/ low)
1 Is the project in an eco-sensitive No impact Halisahar is not located near area or adjoining an eco- any eco-sensitive area and sensitive area? (Yes/No) If Yes, there is no such area within which is the area? Elaborate 100 kms. impact accordingly.
2 Will the project create No Impact There will be no land significant/ limited/ no social acquisition for the lifting impacts? station. Underground lifting stations will be installed underthe right of way of the Municipal road. All these land belong to Municipal Authority. a Land acquisition resulting in No Impact Not Applicable loss of income from agricultural land, plantation or other existing land-use. b Land acquisition resulting in No Impact Not Applicable relocation of households. c Any reduction of access to No Impact Not Applicable traditional and river dependent communities (to river and areas where they earn for their primary or substantial livelihood). d Any displacement or adverse No Impact No land acquisition or impact on tribal settlement(s). relocation of settlement is required.
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of Remarks /Explanatory note Category for categorisation (High/ low) e Any specific gender issues. No Impact No gender issues observed/raised in the public consultation.
3 Will the project create Low and short The STP is going to be in the significant / limited / no term Impact open land and there will be environmental impacts during short term limited the construction stage? environmental impact on settlement like? mention names. The proposed lifting stations will be constructed in the open areas will minimise the impact The proposed sewer line will be under the road with minimum 3m or more road width. a Clearance of vegetation/ tree- Low Impact No vegetation or tree cover cover needs to be cleared b Direct discharge of Low and short No such major construction. construction run-off, improper term impact The STP will be FAB type storage and disposal of prefabricated units with excavation spoils, wastes and minimal civil works. other construction materials The laying of sewer lines adversely affecting water will not produce any quality and flow regimes. significant amount of waste. c Flooding of adjacent areas Low Impact Dewatering for construction will not generate significant amount of water to flood
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of Remarks /Explanatory note Category for categorisation (High/ low) adjacent areas Back-up power system has been proposed in the pumping stations so that it will not create flooding in case of power failure. d Improper storage and handling Low and short No such material will be of substances leading to term impact used which may contamination of soil and water contaminate or create pollution. e Elevated noise and dust Low and short Proper measure will be emission. term impact taken during sewer lying to minimise the noise and dust emissions. The contractor has to submit the method statement to comply with Air Act, 1981 & Noise Rules as per EP Act, 1986 before construction. f Disruption to traffic Low and short Proper diversion of traffic movements term Impact will ensure less disruption during construction. g Damage to existing Low and short Utility mapping of the infrastructure, public utilities, term Impact existing infrastructure and amenities etc. relocation of the same if required will minimise the damage on existing infrastructure. h Failure to restore temporary Low and short The roads will be reinstated construction sites term Impact to its original conditions
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of Remarks /Explanatory note Category for categorisation (High/ low) after lying of sewer line. i Possible conflicts with and/or No impact The local community will be disruption to local community made aware of the temporary nature of disruption. j Health risks due to unhygienic Low Impact Adequate sanitation facilities conditions at workers‟ camps and safety arrangement will be provided to the workers to tackle on-site hazards. k Safety hazards during Low and short Proper health and safety construction term Impact statement will be submitted by the contractor and approved by The Engineer prior to the construction.
4 Will the project create Limited STP will have minimal significant / limited / no odour and noise pollution. environmental impacts during the operational stage? (Significant / limited / no impacts) a Flooding of adjacent areas Low Impact Back-up power for the pumping stations will ensure minimum flooding and odour nuisance in case of power failure. Properly designed sewer line will minimise the impact on environment. b Impacts to water quality due to Low Impact The characteristics of the
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of Remarks /Explanatory note Category for categorisation (High/ low) effluent discharge treated waste water from FAB reactor will be within limit set by CPCB/MoEF. c Gas emissions Low Impact SB reactor is a compact system and the possibility of the Gas emission is very less. d Safety hazards Low Impact Mechanised system and trained people will be used to run the Pumping stations and STPs will reduce the risk of safety hazards
5 Do projects of this nature / No clearance The project is not an type require prior required environmental sensitive environmental clearance either project and does not require from the MOEF or from a clearance as Environmental relevant state Government Impact Assessment department? (MOEF/ relevant Notification 14th Sep-2006 State Government department/ No clearance at all)
6 Does the project involve any No clearance The STP is located in the prior clearance from the MOEF required as per existing GAP laid project or State Forest department for The Forest sites & sewers along roads. either the conversion of forest (Conservation) Hence chances of tree- land or for tree-cutting? (Yes/ Act,1980 cutting are remote. No). If yes, which?
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3.3 Screening Conclusion Halisahar is not located near any eco-sensitive area. Further the proposed project will not involve any land acquisition or displacement of any category of people including tribal. The construction of proposed STP will have marginal environmental impact on the adjoining settlement in terms of dust and noise during construction. However compliance with Air Act 1981 and Noise Rules, EP Act 1986 will be mandatory for contractors. The Lifting stations being located in open grounds will not create any environmental impact. The laying of sewer lines will not produce any significant amount of waste particularly since it will be laid under minimum 3 m width roads. The roads will be reinstated to its original conditions after lying of sewer line. Traffic disruptions will be avoided through appropriate diversions. There will be no significant adverse impacts in terms of flooding, gas emission, waste discharge, health risks etc. Hence Environmental Clearances and abidance to Social laws and Regulations are not relevant in the context of the Proposed Sewerage project in Halisahar. Based on the assessment of overall social and environmental impacts, the project can be categorised as a “Low” impact project.
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CHAPTER 4: REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
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4. REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The national, state and local environmental and social regulatory requirements that are applicable to the investments proposed are given in this section. As the applicability of these legal requirements would depend on the nature of the specific investments, the exact applicability cannot be determined at this stage. SPMGs and the State level executing agencies (EA) would ensure compliance of these requirements by all concerned.
PMG would verify whether the investments are in compliance with these regulatory requirements prior to granting approval to the investments and disbursement of funds. During implementation, PMG would ensure that SPMGs monitor the ESMF compliance in all investments on an on-going basis.
The following laws and regulations are applicable to the environmental and social aspects of the investments implemented under the programme:
Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations Applicable Social Laws and Regulations Legislations applicable to construction activities World Bank’s Operational Policies
4.1Applicable Laws and Regulations-Environmental
4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India
The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations pertaining to environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is umbrella legislation for the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to administer the legislation has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).
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4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and other related Regulations
The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the investments under the NGRBP are given in the table 4.1 below. The key environmental regulations can also be accessed at www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations.
Table 4.1 Key Environmental Laws relevant to the project
S. Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority No. 1 Environment To protect and improve As all environmental MoEF, Gol; Protection overall environment notifications, rules and DoEF, State Act,1986 schedules are issued Govt.; under this act. CPCB;, WBPCB 2 Environmental Mandatory Not Applicable as per the MoEF, EIAA Impact environmental clearance schedule of activities Assessment to certain category of listed under EIA (EIA)Notification new development notification. 14th Sep-2006 activities following environmental impact assessment 3 Air (Prevention To control air pollution This act will be WBPCB and Control of by controlling emission applicable during Pollution) Act, of air pollutants as per construction; 1981 the prescribed standards. 4 Water Prevention To control water This act will be WBPCB and Control of pollution by controlling applicable during Pollution Act, discharge of pollutants construction. 1974 as per the prescribed The consent from the standards regulatory authority, particularly for the STP , will be obtained prior to the award of civil works contract.
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S. Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority No. 5 The Noise The standards for noise This act will be WBPCB Pollution for day and night have applicable for all (Regulation and been promulgated by construction equipment Control) Rules, the MoEF for various deployed at worksite 2000 land uses. 6 The Biological This Act is for ensuring The Act will be Central Diversity Act, the conservation, applicable Government 2002and 2004 sustainable use, fair and For any activity where equitable sharing of the flora and fauna is at risk. benefits from the use However it is not and increased applicable in the present knowledge of the context country’s biological diversity. 7 The Wildlife Protection of plants in The Act will be Central (Protection) Act, forest areas and states applicable where Government 1972 and Its that there should be no construction happens Amendments damage or destruction close to wild life zones. of plants or other Not applicable in the vegetation on forest present context lands. 8 The Forest For the conservation of The Act not only includes Central (Conservation) forests and related forest lands of the Forest Government Act, 1980 issues. Department but also private and village forests and hence is applicable in case of
construction activities. Not applicable in the present context 9 The Ancient For preservation of Applicable for National Monuments and ancient and historical archaeological Monuments
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S. Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority No. Archaeological monuments and excavations. Not Authority Sites and archaeological sites applicable in the present under Remains Act , context Central 1958 Government
4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social
All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues, need directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate actions. These policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support administrator, implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This section includes the policies and Acts as detailed under:
Policies and Acts
a) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 b) Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 c) NGRBA Environmental and Social Management Framework
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (not applicable): This law provides for recognition of forest rights to Scheduled Tribes in occupation of the forest land prior to 13.12.2005 and to other traditional forest dwellers who are in occupation of the forest land for at least 3 generations i.e. 75 years, up to maximum of 4 hectares. These rights are heritable but not alienable or transferable.
Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (Not Applicable): . Given below is the comparative analysis of RFCTLAR&R, 2013 and World Bank OP 4.12.
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Serial No. Topics/Issues/Area World Bank OP4.12 RFCTLAR&R, 2013 s
1 Application of LA Direct economic and social Section 2 Applicable impacts that both result from to projects where Bank-assisted investment government projects. Applies to all acquires land for its components of the project that own use, hold and result in involuntary control, including resettlement, regardless of the PSU and for public source of financing. purpose; for PPP where ownership of land continues to vest with govt; private companies where 80% of land owners2 have given consent or 70% in case of PPP.
Principle of Involuntary resettlement Alternatives to be avoidance should be avoided where considered as Act in feasible, or minimized, chapter II, point # 4 exploring all viable alternative (d) says "extent of project design land propsoed for acquisition is the absolute bare minimum needed for the project; and (e ) says land acquisition at an alternate palce has been considered and found not feasible.
Linkages with other No such provision projects
2. Application of R&R Same as above In addition to the above,
Section 2(3) land purchased by
2 Land Owner – whose land and immovable property acquired and land assigned by state or central govt under any scheme (Section 3 c (i) and (v))
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private company as prescribed by Govt. or when part acquired by govt
3. Affected area Involuntary take of land Section3(b): Area resulting in loss of shelter, loss notified for of assets or access to assets, ‘acquisition’ loss of income sources or means of livelihood
4. Family Section 3(m) includes person, his and her spouse, minor children, minor brothers and sisters dependent.
Widows, divorcees, abandoned women
will be considered as separate family.
5. Affected family for All adversely affected people Section 3 (a): whose eligibility whether have formal legal land and other rights or do not have formal immovable property legal rights on land acquired.
(b)&(e): Family residing in affected area such as labourers, tenants, dependent on forest and water bodies, etc whose primary source of livelihood is affected due to acquisition
(c)Scheduled tribes and other forest dwellers whose rights recognized under the Forest Dwellers Act 2006.
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(f) Family assigned land by state or central government under any schemes
(g) Family residing on any land in urban area that will be acquired or primary source of livelihood affected by acquisition.
6. Cut-Off date Date established by the Section 3 c (ii), (iv) borrower and acceptable to the (vi): Families Bank. In practice it is the date residing for of census. preceding 3 yrs or more prior to “acquisition of land”.
7. Non-application of Stand-alone SIA for all Section 6(2): Chapter II investments Irrigation projects where EIA is required under other laws, provisions of SIA not applicable.
7. Consultation – Consultation a continuous Section 4(1) date Phase I during process during planning and issued for first preparation implementation consultation with PRIs, Urban local bodies, Municipalities, etc to carry out SIA.
Section 5: Public hearing of SIA in affected area. Provide adequate publicity of date and time.
8. Time duration to Draft Social Assessment, Section 4 (2): within prepare SIA and Resettlement Action Plan and six months from the
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SIMP or Social Management date of its Framework prepared before commencement. appraisal.
9. Disclosure – Stage I To be disclosed before Section 6(1): appraisal and 120 days before Translated in local board date. language available in PRI institutions and local urban government bodies; district administrative offices and websites of concerned. government agency.
10. Formation of Expert Appraised by Bank staff Section 7(1): Group to appraise Constitute a multi- SIA and SIMP disciplinary Expert Group include members of decentralized govt Institutes (PRIs, ULBs).
11. Time stipulated for Before the decision meeting Section 7(4): Submit Group to submit its for appraisal its report within report two months from the date of its constitution
12. Scope of work of the Social Assessment, Section 7 (4) (a&b): Expert group resettlement action Plan assess whether it reviewed and appraised by serves any public Bank staff and approved by purpose or not; if Regional safeguard advisor social costs outweigh potential benefits then should be abandoned;
Section 7 (5) (a&b): if serves public purpose, then it has considered minimum land acquisition, and
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alternate options to minimize displacement; potential benefits outweigh social costs
13. Consultation – In practice consultation Section 2 (2): Prior Phase II during workshops are organized in consent of 80% and appraisal project affected areas at 70% of land owners district and state level. in PPP and where private company has approached the govt to acquire balance land has been obtained,
14. Disclosure – Stage II Information dissemination Section 7 (6): through the planning and recommendations of implementation expert group under 7(4&5)to be made public in local language in district and block administrative office and PRIs
15. Minimize impact on Select feasible design that has Section 10: In case multi-crop land minimal adverse impact. multi-crop land is to be acquired under exceptional circumstances, the area to be acquired cannot exceed aggregate of land of all projects in district or state. The area to be acquired cannot exceed the total net sown area of the district or state.
Wasteland equivalent to twice
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the area acquired will be developed.
16. Information Continuous part of the Section 11 (1), (2) & dissemination of preparation and participation (3): Notice preliminary notice published in local language and meetings called of gram sabahs, municipalities to provide full information about the purpose of the project, summary of SIA and particulars of administrator appointed for R&R’ summary of R&R scheme
17. Updating land To be part of RAP Section 11 (5): Once records established that the land is required for public purpose, accordingly notice to be issued under section 19 following which land records to be updated within two months
18. Census and To be part of RAP Section 16 (1) (2): preparation of R&R carry out census of schemes affected people and their assets to be affected, livelihood loss and common property to be affected; R&R scheme including time line for implementation.
19. Information Section 16(4)&(5): dissemination and mandatory to
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Public hearing - disseminate Stage III information on R&R
scheme including Consultation throughout the resettlement area process is mandatory and organize public hearing on the Draft R&R scheme in each Gram Sabha, Municipality and consultations in Scheduled area as required under PESA.
20. Approval of R&R Section 17 & 18: Scheme Draft R&R Scheme to be finalized after addressing objections raised during public hearing and approved.
21. Final declaration of Approved RAP including Section 19 (2): Only R&R Scheme budgetary provisions to after the requiring implement it body has deposited the money will the govt issue the notice along with 19(1).
22. Time period Included in RAP - Time line Section 19 (2): the stipulated. synchronized with entire process to Government’s procedures or update land records, adopts innovative methods to disseminate reduce the time which is based information, operated on the principles of preliminary survey, participation and census, hearing of transparency. objections, preparation of R&R schemes and approval, deposit of money must complete within 12 months from the date on which
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section 11, the preliminary notice issued.
Section 19 (7): If the final declaration not made within 12 months of section 11 (1), the process will lapse, except under special circumstances.
23. Preparation of land Section 20: Land acquisition plans marked, measured
for preparation of acquisition plans.
24. Hearing of claims Section 21(1) (2): Notices issued indicating govt’s intension to take
possession of land, and claims on compensation and R&R can be made not less than one
month and not more than six month from the date of issue of Included in RAP. section 21(1).
25. Time period Section 25: It is stipulated for required to declaring the award announce the award within 12 months of issue of Section 19 (final declaration to acquire land, approved R&R scheme) after completing land acquisition plans, hearing of objection, settling individual
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claims for declaration of the award. If award not made within the stipulated time, the entire proceedings will lapse.
26. LA Act 1984 deem Section 24: where to lapse and award is not RFCTLAR&R is declared under applicable section 11, or where made five years ago but land not taken in possession or where award declared but money not deposited in the account of majority of beneficiary.
27. Methodology for Full replacement Cost Section 26 and First determining market Schedule: value for land Recognizes 3 methods and whichever is higher will be considered which will be multiplied by a factor given in Schedule First; compensation given earlier will not be considered; if rates not available floor price can be set; steps to be taken to update the market value.
28. Valuation of Full Replacement cost Section 29 (1) structures without deducting the depreciated value.
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29. Solatium and Section 30(1) 100% interest of the compensation amount
Section 30(3): 12% per annum on the market rate from the date of notification of SIA to the date of ward or land taken over
30. R&R Award Total cost included in RAP to Section 31, Second resettle and rehabilitate the Schedule: A family affected persons and assist in as a unit will receive their efforts to improve their R&R grant over and livelihoods and standards of above the living or at least to restore compensation and them, in real terms, to pre- those who are not displacement levels or to entitled to levels prevailing prior to the compensation. beginning of project Second Schedule: implementation, whichever is Homeless entitled to higher constructed house, land for land in irrigation projects in lieu of compensation, in case of acquisition for urbanization 20% of developed land reserved for owners at a prices equal to compensation’ jobs or one time payment or annuity for 20 years’ subsistence grant, transportation, land and house registered on joint name husband and
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wife, etc
31 Transparency Section 37(1): Information of each individual family including loss, compensation awarded, etc will be available on the website.
38. Possession of land Taking of land and related Section 38(1): Land assets may take place only will be taken over after compensation has been by the government paid and, where applicable, within three months resettlement sites and moving of compensation allowances have been and 6 months of provided to the displaced R&R benefits persons. disbursed; infrastructure facilities at resettlement sites will be completed within 18 months from the date of award made under section 30 for compensation; in case of irrigation and hydle projects R&R completed six months prior to submergence.
39. Multiple Section 39: displacement Additional compensation equivalent to compensation determined will be paid to displaced
31. Acquisition for Not permeable in bank funded Section 40 (5): 75% emergency purpose projects additional compensation will
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be paid over and above the compensation amount
32. Prior consent before Mandatory to carry out Free, Section 41(3) acquisition and Prior, Informed Consultation Mandatory to get alienation with Indigenous people. consent from Gram sabah, Panchayat, Autonomous Councils in Scheduled areas.
33. Development plans Indigenous Peoples’ Section 41: Separate for SC and ST Development plan required development plans along with RAP. to be prepared, settle land rights Land for land for is an option before acquisition; across all sectors. provision of for alternate fuel fodder, non-timber produce on forest land to be developed within 5 years; 1/3rd compensation amount to be paid as first installment and rest at the time of taking possession; ST to be resettled within Scheduled area; land free of cost for community purpose; land alienation will be null and void and ST and SC considered for R&R benefits; fishing rights restored in irrigation and hydle projects; if wish to settle outside the district additional
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benefits to be provided in monetary terms; all rights enjoyed under other laws will continue.
Second Schedule: additional provisions for SC&ST for land for land in irrigation projects, additional sum over and above the subsistence grant,
34. Institutional Institutional arrangement Section 43-45: arrangement must be agreed upon and Appointment of included in RAP, IPDP. administrator, R&R Commissioner, when more than 100 acres of land is to be acquired, R&R Committee will be formed at project level, social audit to be carried out by Gram Sabha and Municipalities.
35. Change of land use Section 46(4): Land will not be transferred to the requisitioning authority till R&R is not complied with in full
36 Monitoring and Indicators and monitoring Section 48-50:Set up Evaluation system included in RAP and National and State IPDP level Monitoring Committee to review and monitor progress
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37. Authority to settle Section 51-74: the claims Authority will be set up settle any legal disputes that arise from acquisition and R&R, the aggrieved party can move to the high court thereafter.
38. Exempt from tax Section 96: and fee Compensation and agreements will not be liable to tax
39. No change in status Section 99: Once the of land acquired land is acquired for a particular purpose, its purpose cannot be changed
40. Return of unutilized Section 101: If the land acquired land remains unutilized for 5 years, then it will be returned to original owner, heir or included in land bank
41. Distribution of Section102: 40% of increased value of appreciated value of land transferred acquired land will be distributed to owners provided no development has taken place.
NGRBA Environmental and Social Management Framework (Applicable): Given the distributed nature of investments in multiple states, the investments under the program may entail environmental and social impacts. The environment and social framework is intended to help manage the social and environmental
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 impacts through appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation phases of various investments. The framework will identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies. The document essentially comprises the following key sections: A brief summary of key probable Environmental and Social Impacts Environment and Social Regulatory Framework applicable for the program Environment Management Framework Social Management Framework Project Appraisal, Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements Institutional Arrangements Training and Capacity Building for ESMF
The guidelines are prepared for addressing the issues limited to this project for resettlement and rehabilitation of the PAPs. This policy has been developed based on the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007 and the World Bank OPs 4.12 on involuntary resettlement and 4.10 on indigenous peoples.
The 'Social Policy‘ of NGRBP aims to resettle and rehabilitate the affected persons on account of its sub projects in a manner that they do not suffer from adverse effects and shall improve or at the minimum retain their previous standard of living, earning capacity and production levels. It is also the endeavor of the NGRBP that the resettlement shall minimize dependency and be sustainable socially, economically and institutionally. Special attention will be paid for the improvement of living standards of marginalized and vulnerable groups.
4.3 Other legislations applicable to construction activities
Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which include inter alia, the following:
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Table 4.2 Other legislations applicable
Sl Act/ Rule Purpose Authority No 1 Workmen's Provides for compensation in case of Contractor Compensation Act 1923 injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment) 2 Contract Labor Provides for certain welfare measures to Contractor (Regulation and be provided by the contractor to contract Abolition) Act, 1970 labour 3 Minimum Wages Act, The employer is supposed to pay not less Contractor 1948 than the Minimum Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act 4 Payment of Wages Act, Lays down as to by what date the wages Contractor 1936 are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers 5 Equal Remuneration Provides for payment of equal wages for Contractor Act, 1979 work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees 6 Child Labour Prohibits employment of children below Contractor (Prohibition and 14 years of age in certain occupations and Regulation) Act, 1986 processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry 7 Inter-State Migrant In an establishment to which this Act Contractor Workmen‟s becomes applicable, are required to be (Regulation of provided certain facilities such as housing, Employment and medical aid, travelling expenses from Conditions of Service) home to the establishment and back,
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Sl Act/ Rule Purpose Authority No Act, 1979 8 The Building and Other All the establishments who carry on any Contractor Construction Workers building or other construction work and (Regulation of employs 10 or more workers are covered Employment and under this Act; the employer of the Conditions of Service) establishment is required to provide safety Act, 1996 and the Cess measures at the building or construction Act of 1996 work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the workplace
4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies
The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to sustainable investments. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. From the Environment Perspective the Operational Policies (OP) that may be relevant for this project are (i) OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, (ii) OP 4.04 Natural Habitats and (iii) OP 4.36 Forests. From the Social point of view the relevant Ops are (i) OP 4.10 Indigenous Population involving tribal (ii) OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement in the case of land acquisition. Since there is no involuntary land taking resulting in loss of immovable assets; livelihood or sources of livelihood, the OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement has not been triggered. Though social assessment shows presence of scheduled tribes in the sub project area, the ST families do not have a historically based collective attachment to this land or any customary. Nor do they speak a separate language or have political institutions that separate them from the majority population. Hence OP 4.10 on Indigenous People has not been triggered.
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CHAPTER 5: BASELINE STATUS
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5. BASELINE STATUS
5.1 Baseline Environmental Features
5.1.1 Physiography and Topography
The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga flows along the entire west border of the Municipality. The district North 24 parganas within which Halisahar is situated , is located among the main Himalayas, which provides a broad variety of landforms contact form slopes as well as top in order to coves and side rails. However Halisahar does not depict any undulations in terrain.
5.1.2 Climate
Its climate is very much influenced by the sea. The Municipality has a very tropical savanna type of climate, same as Kolkata and is dominated by 3 seasons – summer, monsoon and winter. The summer is hot and humid and continues from April to June. Summer is dominated by strong south westerly monsoon winds. Monsoon arrives in mid-June and stays up to September. Winter is the most pleasant time and lasts for 3 months - December, January and February. Early morning mists are common in winter. The annual mean temperature is 26.80 C. The maximum temperature often exceeds 400 C. The temperature does not fall below 100 C. Maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm) and the average annual total is 1,582 mm. Total duration of sunshine is 2,528 hours per annum with maximum rainfall occurring in mid-July/August.
5.1.3 Soil Type and Pollution
Depending upon the soils and climatic variations, the ULB falls into the category of the Gangetic Alluvial Region in the east, which comprises of Nadia, and parts of Malda, Dakshin Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Bardhaman, Hooghli and 24 Parganas districts. Soils of this area are mostly neutral in reaction. Upland soils are lighter in texture and contain higher proportions of fine sand and silt, which helps water recharge. Here the groundwater potential is very high and the aquifer character is mostly unconfined. The region is suitable for cultivation of all kinds of field and horticulture crops.
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However, soil erosion is of concern in Halisahar Municipality as in any urban area. To prevent the soil erosion a large-scale plantation programme including awareness and motivation campaign has been planned and a part of that is already under implementation through Ganga Action Plan under assistance from the Government of India.
Soil contamination mainly occurs from industrial and biomedical waste, domestic waste and open defecation/ use of unhygienic latrines. Halisahar Municipality has taken measures like setting up community latrines, pay and use toilets to abate the menace of open defecation. The municipality has taken necessary measures to prevent open defecation along with the process of conversion of ‘khata latrines’ to ‘sanitary latrines’. However there are a few dug- well latrines, which need to be, eliminated soon. Meanwhile the project for the purpose has been initiated in order to minimize the contamination.
5.1.4 Air Pollution:
The fast industrialization, higher traffic and higher levels of energy consumption has resulted in increase in pollution load in the urban environment. Urban ambient air quality have acquired new dimension due to increase in Hazardous Air Pollutants namely, Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Ketones and aldehydes. Air pollution generally occurs in most of the towns due to heavy movement of vehicular traffic. In this regard, Halisahar town has only two main arterial roads namely Col. K.P. Gupta Road which plies only autos as public transport and Ghosh Para Main Road which caters only one bus route along with some autos. Hence the traffic density and road congestion in this township is comparatively less compared to any other Municipal town. Another source of Air pollution in Halisahar Municipality is due to the existence of large manufacturing units Precision Engineering Works India, Eco Techno Enterprises, Mabcon Industres, Cadillac Engineering Works etc. These units are advised to take a controlling measure. Hence Air pollution status is quite insignificant. In the absence of air pollution data for Halishar ULB area, the monthly data for the different Air Quality Monitoring Stations of North 24 Parganas was considered which indicate the SPM (micrograms per cubic meter) is of the order of 200 against the allowable limit of 200 for residential and 500 for Industrial, RPM (micrograms per cubic meter) is around 100 against the allowable limit of 100 for residential and 150 for industrial. SO2 (micrograms per cubic meter) is below 10 as against the allowable limit of 80 for
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5.1.5 Noise Pollution:
Increased mobility is the primary expression of the benefits that the society enjoys due to the transport system. This also acts as a catalyst for the deterioration of the environmental quality in terms of noise and air pollution. The main sources of traffic noise are the motors and exhaust system of autos, smaller trucks, buses, and motorcycles. As the vehicular traffic and road congestion is less in Halisahar, thereby noise pollution is also insignificant. Noise is not a great problem for this municipality as it is well within the allowable limits of 85 decibel. However sound levels indicate a rise in daytime The decibel level in commercial area vary between 65 to 55 decibel in day and night time respectively while it is 55 and 45 decibel in the residential area.
5.1.6 Water Environment
Ground Water
Based on the geological and geomorphological set up, in North 24 Parganas District which holds Halisahar Municipality, the characteristics of the aquifers and chemical character of ground water indicates areas of prolific ground water resources (yield is more than 150m3//hr).
Ground water occurs both under unconfined & confined condition within the explored depth of maximum 600mbgl. Aquifers are fairly thick & regionally extensive with large yield prospect of about 150m3/hr. The occurrence of Arsenic in ground water in the depth span of 20-80 mbgl restricted mainly in the eastern part of Bhagirathi River has posed a serious problem.
Fresh ground water bearing aquifer occurring in varying depth ranges within 180- 360mbglwithin the drilled depth of 600mbgl have been established. The fresh group of aquifers are sandwiched between saline/brackish aquifer. The top saline/brackish aquifer
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Water Pollution
The magnitude of water pollution at Halisahar, if left uncontrolled can lead to alarming situations in due course of time. The status of water quality is provided in table below:
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Table 5.1: Pollution Status in Halisahar town
S. No. Parameter Location
Suripara Bolurpar Kona khal Khasbati Kalikatala Bagher Bolur Rampras Nalah aghat Nala Nalah Khal Ghat ad Ghat 1 Colour Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly Greyish Greyish (visual) Blackish Blackish Blackish Blackish Blackish Blackish 2 pH 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3 Temperat 22 20 20 21 20 22.5 22 20 ure (°C) 4 Total 494 490 380 372 364 154 164 364 Dissolved Solids, mg/l 5 Total 92 40 78 94 36 172 92 36 Suspende d Solids, mg/l
6 B.O.D. 3 90 60 40 18 18 16 5.2 18 days at 270C,mg/ l 7 C.O.D., 320 136 104 80 138.24 92.16 76.8 138.24 mg/l 8 Faecal 110000 80000 350000 72000 210000 2500 2250 210000 Coliform
The BOD3days data as given for Khasbati Nala, Kalikatala Nala, Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and Ramprasad Ghat is low (below 30mg/l) due to the tidal effect. A nala network map and their route going towards river Ganga justify this fact.
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Water Supply Infrastructure
The Halisahar Municipality has 23 wards with a population of 124851 according to the provisional census 2011.The water supply situation within these 23 wards including the slums differs from ward to ward. The people receive water through individual household connection, or communal taps or tube wells. The water supply coverage in Halisahar at present is about 17592 as domestic connections out of 26500 households (as per the SLB report) and 870 stand posts in working condition. The remaining people are receiving water through 83 nos. of hand tube-wells which are working (Source Baseline survey). The per capita water availability is about 66.5 lpcd which is delivered on an average 6.5 hrs a day and 30 days per month (Source SLB Report dated 15.03.2011). The piped water is supplied through five service reservoirs by pumping through 33 pumps. Of the five reservoirs, three of them are in working condition and the remaining two (at Sarkar bazaar and Alokananda) are in very poor condition. Seven more have been newly constructed by KMDA but not yet handed over to Halisahar Municipality. The water quality supplied is being tested periodically and found that the supplied water quality is within permissible limit.
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Majority of the households in most slums are covered by piped water supply. One or two hand tube wells have been provided in each slum according to the local need. It has been noted that a large number of slum households have no water supply connection even where network service is available. In these cases only a street stand post serves the purpose. In some cases supply of water cannot be assured according to requirement due to low water pressure. From time to time the Municipality addresses these issues by sinking an additional tube well. The existing source of piped water in the Halisahar Municipality is surface water supplied from Kalyani and Ground water which is realised through following deep tube wells.
Table 5.2: Status of Water supply Infrastructure facility in Halisahar Municipality
Asset Category Ward Quantity / Capacity Year of Physical Nos. Construction / condition / state Commissioning of repairs. WATER SUPPLY Service Reservoir Names Bhanganpara, 2, 4, 17 4, 54, 600 Ltrs., 1978, 1961, 1978 O.K. Tentultala, Prosadnagar 3, 63, 678 Ltrs., 4, 54, 600 Ltrs. Sarkarbazar 8 3, 63, 678 Ltrs. 1961 Repairing is required. Alokananda 14 4, 54, 600 Ltrs. 1979 Worst 7 more Service Reservoirs in addition to one UGR have been constructed by KMDA but yet to be handed over Pumping Capacity 33 nos Pumping War no. Capacity of pumping Commissioned OK Stations 1-23 0.1625 MGD, but between year receiving 2.72 MGD 1995 – 2011 from 33 pumps
Source : DDP , HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
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Table 5.3: Ward Wise Status of Water Supply in Halisahar
Per Piped Own Municipal capita water Tube Hand Others Ward No. HHs Persons Water supply Well Pumps ( % ) Supply ( % HH ) ( % ) ( % ) ( lpcd ) 1 1281 6198 90 5 3 2 71
2 1462 6894 87 6 4 3 77
3 1285 5893 90 5 3 2 99
4 840 3812 95 3 2 - 75
5 1144 5450 90 7 3 - 81
6 970 4264 95 3 2 - 105
7 1486 6673 75 15 8 2 98
8 1302 6781 90 5 3 2 112
9 966 4536 100 - - - 95
10 810 3738 100 - - - 94
11 1369 6651 100 - - - 68
12 979 4662 95 3 2 - 75
13 1027 4783 80 15 5 - 73
14 1064 4852 80 15 5 - 95
15 983 4375 80 15 5 - 110
16 940 4770 90 8 2 - 104
17 828 3622 85 10 5 - 110
18 1953 9473 95 3 2 - 65
19 2021 7085 - -
20 763 3321 100 - - - 112
21 1213 5582 90 8 2 - 79
22 1162 5469 80 10 10 - 75
23 1419 6631 100 - - - 70
Average ( lpcd ) : 80.13
Source: City Sanitation Plan ,Halisahar Municipality
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5.1.7 Drainage
Much of the core network of drains in Halisahar Municipality are pucca but in the bye lanes, branch & lateral drains inside the slums are still kutcha or semi pucca. 127 kms of surface drains and 76 kms of unsurfaced drain carry the entire storm and sullage water of the municipality to the nikashi khal and finally drain into the River. There are 7 outfalls that drain water in Hooghy River.
Some of the main channels for draining waste water as well as the storm water of Halisahar Municipality and the adjoining area are as follows: -
SuriparaNala (ward no. 23) Balur Para ghat (ward no. 20) Kona drain (border of ward no. 10 & 11) Khasbatikhal (ward no. 10) Kalika Tala khal (ward no. 6) Bagher khal (ward no. 4)
Table 5.4: Drainage network coverage in Halisahar
Surfaced Unsurfaced % Surfaced % Unsurfaced NikashiKhal Ward No. Drains Drains Drains Drains ( km ) ( approx. km ) ( approx. km ) ( approx. km ) ( approx. km ) 1 4 1 80 20 0.50 2 5 2 71 29 1.00 3 6 3 67 33 1.00 4 3 2 60 40 0.20 5 7 3 70 30 6 6 3 67 33 1.00 7 6 3 67 33 8 6 3 67 33 0.70 9 6 4 60 40 10 5 3 63 37 0.20 11 3 2 60 40
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Surfaced Unsurfaced % Surfaced % Unsurfaced NikashiKhal Ward No. Drains Drains Drains Drains ( km ) ( approx. km ) ( approx. km ) ( approx. km ) ( approx. km ) 12 6 2 75 25 1.20 13 4 2 67 33 0.30 14 6 1 86 14 0.20 15 5 2 71 29 1.00 16 4 1 80 20 1.20 17 3 1 75 25 1.00 18 3 1 75 25 0.50 19 2 1 67 33 0.30 20 2 1 67 33 0.30 21 4 2 67 33 22 2 1 67 33 0.70 23 4 1 80 20 0.50 Total 100 43 11.80 Source: City Sanitation Plan,HalisaharMunicpality
Further, random growth and settlement in the slum area has choked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes water logging and stagnation in different parts of the slum. This accumulated water results in various health problems
5.1.8 Solid waste Management
Another source of pollution is infiltration of lands which comes from solid waste of industries, households, marketplaces, cattle sheds, bio medical and toxic wastes from hospitals and nursing homes etc.
Total Solid waste generated in the municipality is in the range of 450 gms. Per capita per day, amounting to 45 MT / day approximately.
In addition to this about 6 MT of solid waste is generated from markets. Presently 96 hand carts are used for door to door collection of solid waste. For secondary storage there are about 29 vats. Four tractors are working for Solid Waste transportation and one is kept for night soil.
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Table 5.5: Solid waste Management status
Total Solid Waste Total Solid Waste Door to House HH generated generated Door Holds Covered (%) ( MT/day ) ( per capita ) Collection
40 to 45 350 to 400 gms/day YES 95
Source: City Sanitation Plan, Halisahar Municipality
Toxic & bio-medical wastes are collected by SEMB-RAMKY to dispose of at their Kalyani facility. The other solid wastes after segregations are disposed of properly in dumping ground for chemical and bio-degradation. A scheme to prepare compost manures by way of utilizing aforesaid wastes is being planned for a fruitful management of the same. In this way the quality of land and soil is maintained in Halisahar enforcing rules and regularities of WBPCB.
However lots need to be done in the domain of Solid Waste Management towards reducing pollution in general and subsequently in river Ganga which can be included under NGRBA.
5.1.9 Flora and Fauna
Flora
From a phytogeographic viewpoint, the southern part of West Bengal can be divided into two regions: the Gangetic plain and the littoral mangrove forests zone. The alluvial soil of the Gangetic plain, compounded with favourable rainfall, make this region especially fertile and rich for vegetative growth. Further North 24Parganas also falls in the Lower Gangetic Plains bio-geographical zone. The project area Halisahar is a part of this phytogeography.
Common trees like Banyan (Ficusbenghalensis), Krishnachura(Caesalpiniapulcherrima), Ashatha, Radhachura Delonixregia trees are visible along with Neem(Azadirachtaindica)which has high medical value. Fruit trees like Mango, Banana, and Coconut are found in within the urban area. Riverside vegetation has depleted to some extent. As perceived by common people, hedge plants have seen reduction due to increase in construction activities.
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Fauna
In Halisahar as in any urban ecosystem, several species and types of birds co-exist. A mix of species signifies not just diversity, but also the ecological role played by them collectively in the web of life in any ecosystem. But over a period of time the green spaces and the species that thrived in and around most towns have declined. The most common perception is about the reduction in the number of sparrows. While the crows and kites which are known to be hardy species, which can adapt to a variety of climates and can feed by scavenging and opportunistic hunting, sparrows being a vulnerable species diminish in numbers in the process of environmental change.. There is a similar increase in the population of other animal species such as stray dogs and rats. Similarly, many snakes get killed as they come under the wheels on roads. The number of amphibians has declined mainly because of road kill, water pollution and drop in monsoon puddles among oher reasons. However wandering jackals are visible as mentioned by residents of HalisaharMuncipality.Moreoverfishes like Rohu(Labeorohita ) , Katla (Catlacatla) , Bata (Labeobata).
5.2 Baseline Socio- Economic Status
5.2.1 Demographic profile
The Municipality is divided into 23 wards covering 8.29 square kilometres, with population of 1,24,479 as per 2001 census. The current decadal population growth rate of Halisahar Municipality is approximately 22.5% and if it continues to register similar growth rate the population is expected to be 1,47,000 by 2025. This conversely translates to population density of 17,754 persons per square kilometres. Halisahar Municipality has 58.10% of slum population. The 20.30% of total population have migrated from the East-Pakistan (Bangladesh), 10.70% people come commuting to work place and 27.10% have come to search for job opportunities from different parts of India and mostly from nearby States of Bihar, Oddissa and Jharkhand. According to 2001 census, 30% of the total population is categorised as other workers, 4% as Marginal workers and rest Household industry workers.
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Table 5.6: Working status of population in Halisahar
Category of workers Person Male Female Marginal worker 4985 3857 1128 HHI worker 998 373 625 Other worker 38161 35029 3132 Source:DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
Among linguistic group 20.30% are Bengali speaking, 26.90% Hindi speaking, 7.40% Urdu speaking and 2.50% are Oriya speaking. The ward wise population distribution is given in the following table.
Table 5.7: Population profile of Halisahar
Ward Area Population HHs HH No. ( sq. Sex Size Persons Males Females Density km.) Ratio 1 0.76 1281 5 6194 3358 2836 8166 845
2 0.36 1462 5 6894 3483 3411 19248 979
3 0.41 1285 5 5893 3007 2886 14344 960
4 0.33 840 5 3812 1892 1920 11673 1015
5 0.52 1144 5 5450 2800 2650 10558 946
6 0.58 970 5 4264 2181 2083 7359 955
7 0.82 1486 5 6673 3402 3271 8121 961
8 0.51 1302 5 5781 2945 2836 11433 963
9 0.41 966 5 4535 2257 2278 11038 1009
10 0.23 810 5 3738 1942 1796 16129 925
11 0.14 1369 5 6651 3860 2791 48566 723
12 0.31 979 5 4662 2385 2277 15260 955
13 0.27 1027 5 4783 2479 2304 17463 930
14 0.34 1064 5 4852 2453 2399 14393 978
15 0.60 983 5 4375 2195 2180 7286 993
16 0.25 940 5 4770 2535 2235 18867 882
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Ward Area Population HHs HH No. ( sq. Sex Size Persons Males Females Density km.) Ratio 17 0.20 828 5 3622 1900 1722 18096 907
18 0.25 1953 5 9473 5348 4125 37469 772
19 0.28 2021 4 7085 4491 2594 24910 578
20 0.08 763 5 3321 1938 1383 39407 714
21 0.25 1213 5 5582 3300 2282 22079 692
22 0.12 1162 5 5469 3093 2376 47196 768
23 0.26 1419 5 6631 3907 2724 25179 697
Total 8.28 27267 124,510 19750
Source: DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
5.2.2 Socio Economic status
According to the socio economic survey conducted in the Municipality, approximately 71% of the population belong to the general caste and 23% are schedule caste. The rests are Schedule Tribes and other backward classes. Population profile by religion as revealed in the survey shows 96% as Hindus, 3.59% Muslims and rest among others like Christians.
Reviewing the socio-economic indices, it is imperative that a large section of the population is actually economically weaker section of population. 58 slums within 23 Wards of the ULB of Halisahar contain about 52% of the total population. The average household size computes to 4.16 members and an income of Rs.3000 per month translates to Rs.100 per household per day for the majority of surveyed households reflects availability of only Rs.24 per member/ day, which is even by Tendulkar Committee Report falls short of the BPL bench mark.Out of the total population 26.5% are currently under the below poverty level (whereas, BPL average percentage in West Bengal as per 2001 census is 31.58%).
Furthermore, the average monthly household expenditure figures vis-à-vis average monthly income clearly denotes the perilous conditions of a vast majority (86.75%) who appear to be perennially under indebtedness.
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Table 5.8: Income and expenditure status
Range pm.
A substantial portion of the male work force is mostly unskilled labour with an assortment of menial labour eg. Rikshaw Puller, Van Puller etc.
5.2.3 Household survey in the project Area
A small scale household survey was conducted in wards 8, 9, 12, 18, 20 to assess Sanitation practices, understanding of the project, willingness to connect and pay etc. Of the population in project area. (Refer to Survey Questionnaire in Annex 1)
Keeping in mind the Environment and social impact of the project (NGRBA) a household survey has been conducted at 7 wards of Halisahar Municipality. The Number of Household was 108 in which the percentage of male and female respondents were 66.67% & 33.33% respectively. Almost 88.89% respondent said that they used piped water. Only 33.33% respondents did not give satisfactory answer regarding the quality of drinking water. Majority of the respondents have pucca toilet at home and those who have no pucca toilet, they were willing to construct pucca toilet.
From the household survey it has been revealed that no mass awareness was generated for this project. 22.22% respondents came to know of the project from Municipal Staff and 9% from ward councillor or other representative. And they said that they were ready to cooperate to implement such a project successfully. Regarding source of pollution 86% respondent said that Household waste through drain was the main reason for Ganga pollution.
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90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
Percentage 30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00 Household waste through Garbage dump Industrial Waste drain Source of Pollution
66.67% respondents informed that their health would be improved if this project is successfully implemented.
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
Percentage
20.00
10.00
0.00 Clean Ganga Health improvement Low pollution and Clean environment Direct benefits of the project
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The survey shows that 100% respondents were willing to connect the sewerage line and they were ready to pay user charges. Among the respondents few said that they did not have any objection to pay user charges if it was affordable.
Regarding awareness of the project they said that mass awareness was required through Leaflet, poster, cable TV and community meeting.
5.2.4 Traffic Analysis
In the case of Halisahar the traffic volume count in different junctions is very important to understand the pressure on the road during peak period and lean period. Understanding the traffic flow and taking care of it during construction will put people in less trouble. So, to get a brief picture of the traffic flow and modal split of the town a few major junctions and arterial roads were selected to understand the traffic volume of the town.
Peak Period (THREE MAJOR ROADS) /hour / (9 AM- 10AM)
Table 5.9 Modal Split in Peak Period
Sarkar Bazar on Ghoshpara Station Mode of travel In % In % Col K P Gupta In % road road Road
2 wheelers 228 24.36 200 17.54 300 19.74
3 wheelers 40 4.27 44 3.86 28 1.84
4 wheelers 84 8.97 56 4.91 40 2.63
Cycles/rickshaw 528 56.41 840 73.68 1148 75.53
Bus 20 2.14 0 0.00 0 0.00
Truck 36 3.85 0 0.00 4 0.26
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According to the modal split analysis from primary survey during peak hours in the major road junctions of Halisahar it has been depicted that cycle, rickshaw and 2 wheelers are the dominating vehicles.bi-cycles and rickshaw consists 56 percent to 75 percent of modal share of total traffic flow and 2 wheelers consist 19 to 24 percent of total modal share. Sarkar Bazar is the most dominated by the 2 wheelers and cycles as other mode of transports (like bus) are not in this route. But, Ghoshpara road as it is the arterial roads of Halisahar so percentage of two wheelers and four wheelers are more than other junctions. In general Col K P Gupta Road is the busiest with highest traffic volume.
MODAL SPLIT OF TRAVEL – Lean Period (THREE MAJOR ROADS)/ hour / (1PM-2PM)
Table5.10: Modal Split in Lean Period
Lean Period In % Sarkar Bazar In % Ghoshpara Station On Col K P Gupta Mode of travel road road In % Road 2 wheelers 284 31.00 200 21.93 40 7.04 3 wheelers 16 1.75 64 7.02 16 2.82 4 wheelers 68 7.42 56 6.14 4 0.70 Cycles/rickshaw 484 52.84 592 64.91 500 88.03 Bus 16 1.75 0 0.00 0 0.00 Truck 48 5.24 0 0.00 8 1.41
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The above diagramme is also depicting the lean period traffic volume count of the major junctions of Halisahar. According to that in the station road, cycle and rickshaw is the dominating vehicle during the lean period. Actually, school students return during this period. In the Ghoshpara road during this lean period of traffic cycle and rickshaw share has been decreased to 52 percent which is much lower compare to other time duration and place. This if followed by share of 2 wheelers. Sarkar bazaar depicts relatively low traffic volume during lean period of the day.
To sum up traffic composition is dominated by Cycle, rickshaws or two wheelers. Four wheelers are common in Sarkar bazar junction.
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CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The purpose of the ESMF is to facilitate the management of environmental and social issues of the river pollution mitigation investments. In other words, the objective is to identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies.
In this perspective, we shall look to provide a detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of the project, with proper highlight of the issues and their effective mitigation measures that has been or has to be considered during the design, construction and operation of the project at the municipality.
6.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts The following environmental parameters have been evaluated to assess/ analyse the impact of the Project: . air quality; . noise; . water quality; . waste management and; . Occupational health and safety . Traffic flow
6.1.1 Air Quality
During the construction of new sewer line, pumping station and STP; there will be temporary increase in the level of suspended solid particles and other minute particles from the construction activity and the construction material The Residual impact will not be significant and also a short term impact and will not have an adverse impact on the residents. Moreover in Halisahar all sites for construction of lifting stations are within walled protected area and the suspended solid particles will not spread much to the residential portion.
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During the operational phase, when the project households are connected to the new sewer line, pumping station and STP is in operation, there is a less possibility of sewer odour spreading into the air. However, it may arise only when there is a fault or malfunctioning of pumping station and STP which can easily being avoided with proper mitigation measures.
6.1.2 Noise
Noise will generate during construction which will be above the acceptable criteria. During construction proper use of technology can considerably control the noise levels from the construction sites.
During the operational phase, noise level will not create any adverse effect as proper technology will adopted. The noise level generated during this phase will based on the sound power level of the pump, but would be within the criteria due to the large attenuation afforded by the pumping station building. Thus, it is concluded that the operational noise levels would not create any adverse impacts to local residents.
6.1.3 Water Quality
Water quality will be impacted during construction phase due to suspended solids runoff from excavation sites and spoil heaps and from dewatering of trenches and foundations, when water containing high concentration of suspended solids may be discharged to water courses. Since the proposed STP will be an augmentation of the existing STP of 6.5 mld to 16 mld therefore care must be taken that the STP will be constructed in phased manner so that the existing STP is not completely stopped before the operation of the proposed STP.
However, with the implementation of suitable mitigation measures it is concluded that there will be no adverse impacts. No residual construction impacts are predicted.
Once operational, the overall system of sewage discharge will be upgraded as no untreated or chronically discharged water will effects the water courses. Thus, the scheme offers a significant environmental benefit to the area in terms of improvements in the quality of the River Ganga.
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The only potential water quality issue during the operational stage will arise from the emergency overflow of sewage into the local receiving waters. To protect against this, all pumping station have been designed to include a stand-by pump and emergency power supply. Based upon these mitigation measures, it is extremely unlikely that a failure will occur. However in case a failure does occur, it would be repaired promptly and the discharge would be short-term.
6.1.4 Waste Management
A large proportion of the soil material that will be excavated during the construction phase can be used for several other purposes like backfill material for the sewer alignment. The remaining earth and the broken surface material will require off-site disposal on the basis that it will be surplus to requirements or unsuitable for backfilling respectively.
The waste material generated during the operational phase will be limited to screening materials removed during the maintenance of the pumping station and materials removed from manholes after removal of blockages. Assuming proper handling and disposal methods are adopted, no adverse impacts are predicted. Care must also be taken so that the solid waste generated from the screening of waste at the sewage pumping stations and Sewage Treatment Plant are adequately disposed to an identified location and not just outside of the premise boundary. The disposal location is Halisahar Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Ground (Trenching Ground) Niranjan Samajpati Sarani, ward no - 8.where the sludge will be disposed. It is near about. 5 km (approx.) from STP site or sludge will be used in nearest brick field of the Municipality
In similar manner separate arrangement to be made for the disposal of sewage sludge in a suitable site.
6.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety
Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in trenches and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures.
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6.1.6 Traffic Flow
Traffic congestion will be caused by pipeline construction and increased construction traffic in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially closed during construction, causing temporary inconvenience to residents, commercial operations and institutions. However since traffic flow analysis indicates that there is a domination of cycles, rickshaws and two wheelers de-routing can be a possibility without major disruptions.
Impact on Livelihood:
The excavation and tunnelling work will lead to road blockage and as a result the commercial establishments and vendors will have some trouble in operating their business on daily basis. This issue has occurred in previous road construction projects sponsored by the Asian Development Bank3, and could resurface in this project. It was also a concern raised by vendors during the field visit, though vendors generally seemed to think that the blockage would not last long and were not particularly worried about it.
Impact on Land Use: According to the DPR, consultations with relevant officials and first-hand observations during the field visit no land is required for the project, as land is available for construction of proposed STP and also sewage construction will not result in land seizures of any kind. Thus, given that there is no land acquisition, there are no social issues related to land acquisition, including but not limited to loss of property, resettlement, land regulations, etc.
6.1.7 Project Impacts
The Following impacts as described above can be summarised into Construction and operational phases.
Impacts during Construction Phase Impacts during Operational Phase Airborne dust will be caused by excavation, demolition, vehicle movement and materials handling, particularly downwind from the construction sites. Air pollution will be caused
3 “India: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program,” and “India: Northeastern Region Capital City Development Investment Program”
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 by emissions from vehicles and construction machinery Nuisance odours generated by screening, grit removal, primary tanks, secondary (aeration) tanks, and sludge handling processes. The pumping stations could also be a source of such odours. Noise will be caused by construction equipment and vehicular movement, potentially affecting residents of nearby villages and schools. Traffic congestion will be caused by pipeline construction and increased construction traffic in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially closed during construction, causing temporary inconvenience to residents, commercial operations and institutions. Waste discharge from construction camps. The Open sewage drains carrying the raw discharge of wastewater from construction sewage and waste water to the STP can camps could create new pollution sources. The create Odour nuisance. Through the camps could also be sources of solid waste and construction of sewers to collect waste oil from machinery maintenance. wastewater, many of these open ditches will be improved or covered. The wastewater treatment plants in the project will substantially improve the water quality of the receiving waters and this will also reduce odours downstream. Excavated materials. Pipeline construction and demolition will generate huge chunk of materials for disposal, while site preparation for the treatment plants will need large amount of fill material. Interruption of municipal services. Construction of project facilities may require relocation of
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 underground municipal utilities such as sewers, gas, water supplies, communication cables, and power poles. Occupational hazards which can arise from working in trenches and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures.
Health and hygiene issues for construction workers can be at stake unless proper facilities are created Livelihood disruptions can be caused due to construction in market areas particularly for roadside hawkers. However some work opportunities will also be created.
The project component specific impacts at different phases of project execution have been elaborated below.
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Table 6.1 Project Component Specific Impact assessment
Activity Details Impact
Construction phase
Construction of STP Percolation of leachate into The leachate may contaminate , Lifting Stations groundwater which may contain ground and surface water unless it is high concentrations of organics contained by an impermeable layer and heavy metals. which allows it to be collected for subsequent treatment.
Cutting and excavation of roads Longer Travel time Inconvenience in traffic movement
Accidental and emergency Increased toxic materials in drains overflow of sewage into the local and water bodies receiving waters.
During construction air and noise Bad Odour, Air and Noise pollution and odour during operation will be nuisance as the STP is located phase in Residential area.
Construction of Laying of pipe line along very There will be disruption to the Sewer Line important and sensitive road and movement of vehicles. area like
Col K.P Gupta Road or Dr N.C Bose
road – Main arterial road of the town
a) NetajiSarani or BarendraGoli Main road – Important connecting road
G.P Road – Runs along the River and connecting to every arterial and main road of the town
Excavation, cutting and filling operations
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Activity Details Impact
Digging of roads, pavements There will be disruption to the Removal of soil and pipe. Storing movement of vehicles and reduced removed materials beside the access to residences and business trench. Generation of solid waste Generation of waste and storage Heavy machinery will be on the will lead to air pollution road blocking free flow of Digging of roads will create puddles vehicles safe disposal of silt. creating insect breeding grounds All lanes and by lanes with 4 mt Sewer constructions will invariable to 6 mt width will cause traffic lead to road closures, which will congestions. adversely affect shops on those Impact on livelihood streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary measures to ensure that pedestrians always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For mobile vendors, this may include adjusting the location of the cart, etc. to a similar location in the immediate vicinity of the original location for the duration of the project. Projects should also proceed on schedule so as to minimize disruption. Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of blockages should commence immediately after project completion so as to remove any potential obstacles that might prevent customers from accessing businesses or other disruptions.
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Activity Details Impact
Machines will operate , day and Generates heavy noise during night Night times
Suspended solids runoff from Water containing high concentration excavation sites and spoil heaps of suspended solids may be discharged to water courses
Digging of earth will generate Dust Generation debris
Occupational Hazards in both Health impacts due to absence of STP and Lifting Station housing and sanitation facilities in labour camps.
Special care in the Sensitive area There will be disruption to the like school, collage, hospital, movement of vehicles and health centre GP Road has pedestrian. MatriSadan and also School on the Shibergoli junction and AdarshaVidyalaya in Ward 6. It also has number of Institutions like the municipality, Library crematorium.
Renovation of Installation of mechanized Construction materials on site will Pumping Station screenings equipment generate Dust from construction materials Installation of grit removal equipment
Replacement of pumps
OPERATIONAL PHASE
STP Location and Treatment and Disposal Percolation of leachate into Lifting Station groundwater which may contain
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Activity Details Impact
high concentrations of organics and heavy metals. The leachate may contaminate ground and surface water unless it is contained by an impermeable layer which allows it to be collected for subsequent treatment.
As the drain receives both sewage and sullage, the drain sludge will be high in pathogens
Bad odour , air pollution by dust , Provide Buffer Zone in the STP Noise pollution location.
Indiscriminate disposal of Sludge Contamination of soil and water
6.2 Stakeholder Feedback on Perceived Impact
Environmental and social impact was assessed through physical observation and verification and through Focus group discussion. The purpose of the assessment was to understand the environmental situation in the municipality and also understand the probable environmental impacts due to the projects as conceived by stakeholders.
Since there is no land acquisition there is no significant social impact related to displacement of population and related rehabilitation and resettlement. However social impacts is likely to occur in respect to temporary disruptions in daily life , or impacting the livelihood of people and sensitive areas where there is daily commuting of people specially children like schools and disrupting the normal routine. Health impacts, disruption of daily life and livelihood are the various aspects which were discussed during consultation with stakeholders.
Social impact assessment was done through a two stage process of
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Identification of sensitive wards and locations through consultation with Ward Councillors Assessment of social and environmental conditions in the context of the project through Focus group discussion with inhabitants or beneficiaries
6.2.1 Identification of sensitive locations City Scenario: Halisahar municipality which is a small town of around 8 sqkms has four major roads - Col. K.P Gupta Road/ NC Bose road, BarendraGoli Main Road and H.P BhatterRaod -which runs almost parallel and divides the town in parts. –The G.P Road runs along the Ganga and meets each of the above roads in right angle. Between these major roads small roads, lanes and by lanes of 6mt and 4 mt wide criss- crosses the entire town almost in a grid pattern. These roads, which are one of the busiest roads in the town connecting each part of the town is the backbone of the entire transport and communication of the town. The main transport modes include Auto Rickshaws and some inter municipality Bus services which mainly follow these four roads. Col K.P Gupta Road which connects the railway station with the rest of the town does not have any alternative by road of similar nature and any disruption in traffic in the road will lead to major traffic congestion in the entire town. There are two major markets in the municipality. One is the Sarkar Bazar located at the T point of Col K.P Gupta Road and Nirnajan Sarani /Barandra Goli main road at the boundary of Ward no 8 and 9 . Another market is in ward no 20 near Gate no 2. Some other important Sensitive areas of the city as identified by the people are stretch from Ramprasadghat to the Shibergoli on GP road where there is a school. In there are school in all wards and thus the school surrounding areas are identified as sensitive areas All sewerage component points like STP, Lifting Station, Markets, Major Junctions, Schools and hospitals were considered to be sensitive points.
6.2.2 Assessment of environmental and social impact by stakeholders
Focus group discussion and stakeholders’ consultation were performed in selective wards keeping in mind the sensitive areas, presence of existing structures under GAP and presence of proposed sites under the present Project (Refer to Annexure 2 for FGD Pointers and Glimpses of FGD and HH Survey in Annexure 3). The objective of the FGDs has been understand the state of environment in the municipality, the level of awareness among the
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0 common people regarding Ganga river water pollution, their awareness about proposed project , its importance and need for such projects in the municipality. There was also detailed discussion on the social and environmental impacts due of the project both during construction and post construction phase. People were also asked to respond to the mitigation measures that can be taken for reducing the impacts and how awareness among the people can be improved for the same.
Findings of the Consultation
FGD / Meeting with MUNICIPALITY STAFF AND COUNCILORS
The Focus group discussion with councilors and municipal staff was held on 3.5.13 and 23.5.13 at Municipality meeting hall. Total number of participants was 10 and 12 respectively.
The objective of the meeting was to understand the following – Nature of pollution in the town The main points of Ganga river pollution Importance and need for STP project in the town Consequences resulting in construction and operation of the STO project Mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce and altogether stop such consequences Level of awareness among the community Means for raising the awareness level of the community Responsible person for communication and public awareness.
The councillors were well aware of the pollution levels in River Ganga and was of the opinion that more than anything else, it is the industries like the Jute mill which is the main source of pollution. They identified that those points where the entire sewer and storm water falls into the Ganga i.e. the outfalls or nallahs which are the main points of pollution. The identified points are – 1. SuriparaNalah 2. KhasbatiNalah
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3. KalikatalaNalah 4. BagherKhal
Over the years the pollution in the Ganga has increased due to increased use of plastics. Open defecation is still in practice and continues to pollute the river. As a result in the decade the Ganga water appears to be dirtier. The colour is murky and oil is seen floating on the surface. Thus all the participants readily agreed on the need and importance of the City sanitation project being launched.
Connecting every household to the sewerage network is needed and people will be interested and willing as this would reduce their recurring cost on septic in having so but certain issues to be addressed.
Since the major portion of roads network in the town is of 4mts, connecting each hh with the network will be a daunting task and would involve great deal of digging of roads and earth causing blockage of roads. Therefore in the absence of proper planning and systematic implementation it will cause great inconveniences to the people. They are sceptical that if the project is not completed in time, the people may go against it.
Another important issue raised by the councillors is that after the digging of roads, on time repair and restoration of roads needs to be taken up at the earliest and such responsibility should lie with the implementing agency.
The K. P. Gupta Road and the GP road main transport corridors and also does not have a feasible diversion road. Hence traffic congestion in these roads due to work along road side would halt the entire traffic. Hence some measures should be taken to minimise the effects. Trenchless technology can be an option in this case
According to the councillors the people are not aware of the city sanitation project and the STP and sewerage network system under the GAP. This serious gap in awareness needs to be mitigated. The means of awareness generation or communication as is the opinion of the councillors should be Miking Door to door leaflet distribution and Awareness camps The above mentioned public outreach programme can be taken up by Ward Committee
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CDS members SHGs and local clubs So far the consequences of the construction of STP and laying of sewer lines the councillors pointed out the following – Accumulation of soil heaps on roadside Generation of dust from the soil heaps. Formation of water pools in the STP site Runoff of silt and sullage from the construction site Odour during operation phase of the STP where all the polluted solid waste and all waste water of the town will be collected for purification. Traffic inconveniences like traffic jams, slow movement , increased travel time due to diversion of pedestrian and vehicle movement specially in Sarkar Bazar Area on K. P Gupta Road Some of the mitigation measures suggested by the councillors include – Covering of soil heaps Water sprinkling in the construction site Scheduling of work in such a manner that pressure does not fall on important roads at the same time. Work schedule to be given beforehand in order to reduce inconveniences. Coordination between the Implementing agency, contractor and the Municipality needs to be maintained regarding work plan, progress etc.
FGD-s with RESIDENTS OF THE TOWN IN ALL SENSITIVE LOCATIONS
Focus group discussion with the residents was held on several places (lifting station locations, STP location, market places, school, health centres, and station) on 04.06.13, 5.06.13 and 29.06.13, 06.12.13). The participants were local residents, daily commuters and shop keepers.
In order to understand how people understand the city sanitation plan and thereafter their awareness on the present project a number of questions were put up regarding the following- Nature of pollution in the town The main points of Ganga river pollution
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Sanitation practices Willingness to connect their HH to the sewerage network proposed project Knowledge about the proposed project Importance and need for STP project in the town Consequences resulting in construction and operation of the STO project Mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce and altogether stop such consequences Level of awareness among the community Means for raising the awareness level of the community Responsible person for communication and public awareness.
Almost everybody among the respondents said that Ganga River pollution has increased manifold in recent years. They can see a visible change in the colour of water which is now greyish and sometimes odour comes from near the nallahs. They however appreciated the efforts made by the municipality like Door to Door solid waste collection and electric crematorium which are right steps in reducing pollution in the city.
The reasons for river water pollution according to the people are- Entire sewerage and drainage water falls into the river Industrial waste water discharged into the river Open defecation still continues specially in slums which finally discharges into the river Drains are polluted by waste disposals , siltation and sullage
People were more than willing to have their houses connected to sewer network. The overall feedback was positive and encouraging as people mostly agreed that Ganga river pollution needs to mitigate.
Regarding the proposed project 50% of them were vaguely aware that such a project has been taken up. “All drainage water will be collected in one place and will be refined before discharging in the River.” However they had no idea regarding the environmental and social impacts that the implementation of the project can create.
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But they also said that it has actually started long ago and the entire infrastructure under the said project is lying non-functional. In ward no 20, where there is existing Lifting station, people said that there has been instances of theft of and anti-social activities in the LS compound.
Local youths in Mishri Pukur area where the STP plant is to be located said that they know about the project, “dirty water will be treated”. They expressed their apprehension that the ground where the STP is to be located is their playing ground and that is taken they will have no such ground in the locality.
Shopkeepers in the Sarkar Bazar area said that “traffic inconvenience will occur but for development of the town, they will bear the temporary problem”
Shopkeepers in front of Alakananda Water Tank, site for Lifting station said that “…since the construction work will be done within the water tank compound, dust and runoff, will not cause any major problem. However when the networks will be laid down cutting the roads it may cause major traffic jams on Col K.P Gupta Road”
People coming into the bank located below the overhead water tank said that ….”Proper fencing around the site and alternative drainage channels should be made so that dust and waste water from the construction does not affect the main access to the bank”.
Some of them were also apprehensive and said“…..will the water in the water tank be safe after the Lifting station is constructed beside it?”
Auto drivers in the Station area said that …”it will cause temporary inconvenience but they can make use of the alternative roads wherever possible. However there will be problem for buses since they ply the main arterial road and there is no alternative bus route “.
Senior School children of AdarshaVidyapith School mentioned that …” traffic disruption will not be major but care should be taken so that noise pollution does not affect studies “
In general all the groups mentioned that there will be no impact on flora and fauna. Actually residents of Misripukur area mentioned the menace caused by jackals and expected this
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Table 6.2: Environment and Social Impact Assessment
Key identified Ward No of Nature of Place of consultation Positive and no Participants Participants negative feedbacks 8 Trenching ground Proposed 5 Local residents NiranjanSarani Lifting Station and leading to the shopkeepers trenching ground from the Sarkar Bazar will not cause major problem. However there can be air and water pollution 8 Sarkar Bazar 10 Shopkeepers As one of the most and daily important road commuters junctions and serving three to four wards, construction will cause Traffic inconvenience with congestion and increased travel time. It will also lead to reduced access to residences and businesses. Dust generation and garbage of debris on
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Key identified Ward No of Nature of Place of consultation Positive and no Participants Participants negative feedbacks site road during construction 8 Col KP Gupta Road 12 Mixed A main arterial road profession of the town. There is group very limited alternative traffic diversion and hence laying of underground sewer network will lead to inconvenience of movement of traffic and access to residences. 8/9 Existing Lifting Station Site 10 Local residents Traffic inconvenience Dr N.C Bose Road and reduced access to the by lanes Noise pollution
12 Proposed STP site 10 Local residents Road narrowing, Mishtipukur Road dust generation causing inconvenience to the residents. Noise and odour nuisance to people residing in the opposite side of the road 14 Proposed Lifting Station 15 Daily Since it is located
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Key identified Ward No of Nature of Place of consultation Positive and no Participants Participants negative feedbacks Alakananda Water tank commuters, beside the water tank Shopkeepers people were and local apprehensive residents whether it would lead to contamination of land and soil through leaching Noise and Air Pollution during construction 15 Station Road 15 Daily Reduced access to the commuters railway station Auto drivers Some traffic disruption 18 Proposed Lifting Station 5 Mixed Group There will be no ESR site on Napit road with major inconvenience predomination as the site is within a of youth walled area and it is away from the residential location. There may be soil and water contamination coupled with air pollution 20 Existing Lifting Station 15 Mixed group Dust generation and Market near Gate no2 reduced access 22/23 Maniktala Road 5 Access to residences due to narrow roads connecting the
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Key identified Ward No of Nature of Place of consultation Positive and no Participants Participants negative feedbacks main road will be reduced resulting in traffic congestions. 8 HalisaharAdarshaVidyapith 5 Senior School School is located on Students Col K P Gupta Road Since there is very limited scope for traffic diversion it will cause serious traffic jam Noise pollution during construction.
6 Halisahar Municipality 8 General public Located beside the Maternity Home Municipality , the medical facility will face problems in terms of transportation of patients , visits by patient party and handling emergencies Source Public Consultation
Apart from the identification of the sensitive areas the consultation also revealed that under earlier phases of GAP implementation the structures which were created have not been functional and several issues like theft and anti-social activities have been witnessed. The people thus opined that the project needs to be implemented in time so that these kind of issues are not in place.
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People in general were aware of pollution due septic tanks and sewer disposal. But it does not go much beyond the fact that due to industrial waste, garbage dumping, open defecation and dirty untreated water the River Ganga is polluted.
The extent of Pollution in the city, the groundwater contamination and pollution of Ponds and streams are not clear to the people. At the same time the idea about the project is very vague. Young people who live near the existing structures are aware that some project had been undertaken to treat the dirty water but has no idea about what the mechanism is and what components are covered.
The filthy views of open drains, bad odours, flies, mosquitoes, pathogens right in the heart of the town makes people realise the dangers and health hazards.
People were of the opinion that the pollution levels of industrial effluents if passed unchecked by over sight of WBPCB or any other reason may cause greater damage than domestic wastes to the river along the town and downstream. The industrial effluents contain toxic chemicals in much dangerous quantities, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury etc. This is causing disease to human and animals besides odour nuisance, killing aquatic life, polluting groundwater; introducing toxicity to the agricultural products.
There is fear of contamination of sewer water mixing with ground water for drinking as proposed lifting stations are located beside Water tank.
Plastics are hazard to seabirds, fish, and other marine creatures, can strangle or choke fish.
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CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environment Management Action Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development of the proposed Sewerage System in Halisahar Network & STP, West Bengal. The Network & STP will cater the sewage generated from Halisahar town. The project components include:
Laying of sewer network of 226.994km Total number of lifting station in Halisahar six (6). Rising main of 0.61 km Laying a comprehensive sewer upto house property line. Total 226.994 km sewer line including house connections (diameter varies from 150 to 900 mm) are proposed. Two lifting stations with augmentations (additional deeper sump) and three new lifting stations and also three underground LS. Augmentation of two existing MPS with increasing pump capacity and providing additional deeper sump within the existing campus. 10 Sewage Pumping Station at LS-1 Manicktala Road, LS-2 SashthiTala Lane, LS-3 Zamindar Road bye lane 7, LS-4 NiranjanSamajpatiSarani, LS-5 K.P.Gupta Bye Lane, MPS-1 Bhaganpara Road, UGLS4 of LS-4 Kabiraj Para, UGLS5 of LS-5 K.P.Gupta Bye Lane, UGLS of MPS-2 Das Para Road, MPS-2 MisriPukur Main Road. One STP proposed. Effluent disposal line up to the nearby Kona Khal. It may be noted that like any construction project, NGRBA investment may have adverse impact that have to be effectively managed during the planning, design, construction and operational phase.
Project specific EMP is given in table 7.1.
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In general, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) is responsible for ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP are carried out.
In general, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA)is accountable for ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP are carried out.
Chief Engr. (GAP) KMDA
WBPC B Supt. Engr. (GAP)
Exe. Engr. (GAP)
Team Leader along with support of Supervision team
Project supervision and implementation team consisting of:- a)material monitoring b) design monitoring c)alignment finalization & quality control monitoring and d) environment & social expert.
social experts.
Project Manager DBO Operator (DBO Operator)
Environmental Officer (DBO Operator)
7.2 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator
The activities to be performed by the Operator to implement the EMP shall comprise the following:
Obtain consent to establish from West Bengal State Pollution Control Board
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under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 for the STP Implementation of other mitigation measures, as recommended in EMP attached to the bid document.
7.3 Implementation of EMP
The DBO Operator shall have prime responsibility to implement the EMP. “The DBO engineer” shall monitor the compliance of the EMP. DBO engineer and Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) will have secondary responsibility for implementation of EMP.
The Operator shall ensure that:
Ensure that sewer laying process does not create hazardous movement situation. Also ensure that public is pre-warned about the activities, construction area is barricaded, all debris is well managed causing minimum inconvenience to public and other measures are implemented as indicated under EMP That influent sewage shall continue to receive the current level of treatment during the construction period of new STP. No untreated sewage shall be discharged into the river or land during construction and operation period of STP. The digested sludge shall be utilised as manure or disposed to suitable site as per criteria defined under EMP and approved by DBO engineer. STP design shall be evolved with enough holding capacity to ensure that no untreated sewage is discharged to river during STP breakdown or temporary closure. Specific area shall be earmarked for intermittent storage of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. Tree plantation (minimum two row) shall be made on the periphery of the SPS & STP to prevent spread of bad odour and undertake landscaping to enhance aesthetic at SPS locations & STP location.
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Table 7-1: Environment Management Plan
Activity Potential Negative Duration of Mitigation Measures Responsible agency Impact/Concern impact
A. Design and Development Phase
Sewage Treated Pollution of received Temporary The treated water quality shall DBO Operator Treatment water water body ( river) or comply with the prescribed plant disposal land due to inefficient standards of the bid document and into nearby treatment or non- other applicable conditions of stream operation of STP consent to establish issued by the state pollution control board. Selection of best available sewage treatment technology with High BOD removal efficiency. Ensuring development and compliance to standard operation and maintenance practices. Provision of effective screening at inlet of STP for removal of grit, fine plastics and other suspended solids Provision of effective separation and controlled disposal of digested sludge Provision effective disinfection before discharge of treated water for irrigation or to river
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Activity Potential Negative Duration of Mitigation Measures Responsible agency Impact/Concern impact
STP Discharge of untreated Temporary Provision of adequate holding DBO Operator Breakdown sewage leading river capacity adequate for storage of pollution. sewage to prevent flow of untreated sewage to river. Flooding Rain water may flood Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be DBO Operator due to rain the STP area in made to divert the rain water likely water run absence of adequate to be accumulated from peripheral off provision of diverting catchment area of STP, to natural rain water flow drainage stream or area. towards STP from periphery area. Sludge Disposal of sludge Permanent Efficient Sludge dewatering with DBO Operator disposal leading to minimum land involvement shall be contamination of land adopted. and water. Provision shall be made for intermittent storage of digested sludge at STP site.
The digested sludge shall be utilised as manure or disposed to suitable site as approved by DBO engineer. If disposal is made for land fill, the site shall be located away from habitation, and water bodies and shall be pre-approved by concerned authorities like Municipal corporation, Pollution Control Board or urban development authority.
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Activity Potential Negative Duration of Mitigation Measures Responsible agency Impact/Concern impact
Provision Accidents leading to Permanent Ensure adequate provision of DBO Operator for safety of injury or death of Handrails on both sides of workers workers walkways close to deeper tanks and and safe ( Fall of workers from STPs need to be ensured; operation of Height, Fall into deep All electric switches ( including unit STPs water tanks, Short specific on-off switches installed at Circuiting) respective units ) and panels should Accidental slip, trip have adequate protection from rain and fall in walk ways water to prevent short circuiting or work areas Proper earthling with installation of Fire earth circuit breakers shall be made Exposure to toxic gas Walk ways designs shall be made such as chlorine with proper slope to avoid accumulation of rain water. Material handling and storage shall be so designed that walk way surface remains free from wet or oil surface situation to prevent slips, trip or fall accidents. Provision of interlock system to either stop STP or divert untreated effluent to holding tanks in case of short circuiting, or mall functioning of STP Prepare emergency preparedness plan including identification of
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Activity Potential Negative Duration of Mitigation Measures Responsible agency Impact/Concern impact
assembly area in case of fire
Sewerage Accidental Due to accidental Temporary Designing sewers with adequate DBO Operator Network ( leakages/ burst or leakage of capacity and flow velocity Trunk Sewer bursts sewers, flooding of the Provision for Regular inspection and Line) nearby areas maintenance of the sewers Backlogging due to Preparation of safety and unexpected heavy Emergency Preparedness plan flow rates Sewage Location of Noise and odour Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation DBO Operator Pumping Sewage nuisance hazards to at pump station in SPS by use of less Station Pumping neighboring areas. noise generating equipment meeting Station and Cutting of Trees prescribed noise standards as Pumping of applicable and enclosed generators. sewage Minimize Tree cutting if involved. from MPS 2 Tree plantation of at least two rows to STP around the periphery of SPS site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour by planting locally available as well as large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Neem (Azadirachta indica), Banyan(Ficus benghalensis), Krishnachura (Caesalpiniapul cherrima), Radhachura (Delonixregia), Sesum etc. Fruit trees like Mango, Banana,
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and Coconut are found in within the urban area.
Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour. Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when not in use; B. Construction phase Sewage Excavation Loss of topsoil due to Temporary The existing STP shall not be DBO Operator treatment excavation activities. demolished till alternate plant arrangement for treatment of existing sewage is made to ensure that untreated sewage is not discharged to river. Excavation shall be planned in such a manner that such that no damage occurs to existing structures. Top soil should be separately stockpiled and utilized for green belt development or landscaping after completion of work
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Construction waste Temporary All the associated construction DBO Operator waste should be properly managed by storing and disposing off at suitable refusal sites approved by DBO engineer.
Nuisance due to Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and DBO Operator domestic solid waste non-recyclable wastes. disposal Ensure that recyclable and non- recyclable waste are collected in segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed to designated land fill area of the city. Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites. Dust Generation due to Temporary Excavated material transported by DBO Operator construction activities trucks will be covered and/or wetted to prevent dust nuisance. Suppressing dust generation by spraying water on stockpiles and unpaved movement areas Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles. Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.
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Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread. Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate. Temporary flooding due Temporary The construction waste material DBO Operator to uneven dumping of should be stored on the higher areas construction waste of the site and or areas where water may accumulate creating flooding like situation Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil DBO Operator (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit. Noise and vibration Temporary Construction activities to be carried DBO Operator disturbances to residents out in day time with prior and businesses intimation to local residents and shop keepers. Use of low noise and vibrating equipment (such as enclosed generators with mufflers, instruments with built in vibration dampening and improved exhaust),
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to meet standards as prescribed by CPCB4. Provision of protective equipment ( PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers. . Provision of noise barriers as feasible in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc. DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure. Constructi Sanitation Nuisance due to absence Temporary Labour camp if provided, must DBO Operator on camps of facility of sanitation have adequate provision of shelter, and solid waste water supply, sanitation and solid management waste management General: Safety and Safety hazards to labours Temporary Comply with the Occupational DBO Operator safety Health Hazard and public. Workers are health and Safety act of India during seen to working without Ensure that the contact details of the constructio any PPE even at height. police or security company and n ambulance services nearby to the site. Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed. Follow safe practices for working at height or confined area or
4http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html
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underground working for safety of workers Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent dangers. Provide adequate PPE to workers such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Provide handrails on both sides of walkways close to deeper tanks and STPs need to be ensured; Smaller on and off switches at STP units to be installed with protection from rain water to minimize electrical short circuit; Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.
Sewerage Excavation, Damage to underground Temporary Identify existing underground other DBO Operator and cutting, back utilities like water, gas utility structures, lines through Sewage filling, line, electricity and available records and in Pumping compaction telephone conduits, etc. consultation with concerned station and due to construction authorities and plan construction
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construction activities. activities accordingly to minimize operations damage to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is complete and settlement has taken place Accidents/ damages due Temporary Maintaining the excavation by DBO Operator to erosion/ sliding of Shoring trench sides by placing vertical sides of sheeting, timber shores, trench excavated trenches while jacks, bracing, piles, or other places the pipes materials Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain safely at rest. Generation of substantial Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may DBO Operator debris, top soil and muck be used for agricultural purpose or during construction development of city parks. Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and landscaping; Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas after placing the trunk sewer lines.
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Dust Generation ( Air Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated DBO Operator Pollution) due to areas, unpaved movement areas excavation, cutting, back and stockpiles. filling and compaction Transportation of loose construction operations material through covered trucks. Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site. Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate. Noise and vibration Temporary Construction activities to be carried DBO Operator disturbances to residents out in day time with prior and businesses intimation to local residents and shop keepers. Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.). Special care to be taken in sensitive areas like school, collage, hospital, health centre GP Road has Matri Sadan and also School on the Shibergoli junction and AdarshaVidyalaya in
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Ward 6. It also has number of Institutions like the municipality, Library crematorium.
Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards. Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers. . Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc. DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure. Temporary flooding due Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by DBO Operator to excavation during berms; monsoons or blockage of Stockpiles to be done in high areas surface drains to avoid flow in storm water run-off channels and erosion; Increased traffic Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be DBO Operator inconvenience adopted in consultation with (emissions, congestions, concerned traffic police authorities. longer travel times, Proper traffic planning be made for blockage of access) narrow lane areas. Work should to be completed on priority near business and market
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place to minimize business loss. Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these places during construction. Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to facilitate normal life and business Settlement of backfilled Temporary The backfilling material shall be free DBO Operator area after construction from petroleum products, slag, cinders, ash or other material. Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying of sewer. Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original level of alignment and grade. Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if DBO Operator required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit. Nuisance due to solid Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and DBO Operator waste disposal non-recyclable wastes. Ensure that recyclable and non- recyclable waste is collected in
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segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed for designated land fill area of the city. Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites. General: Accidents Safety hazards to labours Temporary Comply with the Occupational DBO Operator safety and public health and Safety act of India during Ensure that the contact details of the constructio police or security company and n ambulance services nearby to the site. Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed. Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent dangers. Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents
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and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.
C. Operation phase
Sewage Treatment and River, land or ground Temporary Monitor the treated sewage quality treatment Disposal of water pollution due to and ensure compliance with PCB DBO Operator plant Treated Water discharge of untreated or standards for effluent disposal into and Sludge partially treated sewage surface water bodies, on land or for due to inadequate or the agricultural use. inefficient STP Follow standard operating operations. procedures for operation and maintenance. Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures. Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate Quarterly monitoring of influent sewage, treated sewage, upstream and downstream point of treated sewage disposal point to river Problems arising due to Temporary Maintain the green belt as per DBO Operator bad odour, insects, provision of design to prevent polluted air, spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc. Accumulated sludge and solid
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waste to be cleared within 24 hours and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour. Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air Quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5, Sox and NOx, CO and Odour at three locations ( at STP site, minimum 500 m away from STP site in up-wind and down- wind direction of STP area.
Increase in Ambient Temporary Proper handling and regular DBO Operator Noise Level and maintenance of operating machines discomfort to including pumps, generators, air neighbouring people diffusers, etc. Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient Noise level to check compliance to standards. Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise levels ( day and night) at same locations as of ambient air monitoring
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Indiscriminate disposal Temporary Prepares sludge disposal plan as DBO Operator of sludge leading to per desire stage provisions and contamination of land guidelines and adhere to the same. and soil. Ensure proper functioning of STP for digestion of sludge and ensure adequate functioning of dewatering units for efficient functioning of system
River, land or ground Temporary Ensure compliance with PCB DBO Operator water pollution due to standards for effluent disposal into discharge of untreated or surface water bodies, on land or for partially treated sewage the agricultural use. due to inadequate or Follow standard operating inefficient STP procedures for operation and operations. maintenance. Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures. Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate General Workers Serious/health/ safety Temporary Ensure availability of PPE for DBO Operator Safety exposure to hazards maintenance workers. hazardous Follow safety measures and materials/situa Emergency preparedness plan tions evolved at design stage
Sewer line Leakage/ Water pollution and Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line DBO Operator overflows possibility of mixing and manholes for visible leakages/
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with water supply line overflows. Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages. Sewage Waste Bad odour, Health Temporary Provision for regular clearance of DBO Operator Pumping Handling hazard and sludge and solid waste to minimize Station public nuisance odor nuisance Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal site as approved by DBO engineer. General Workers Serious/health/ safety Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance DBO Operator Safety exposure to hazards operation, the sewer line will be toxic gases in The toxic gases are adequately vented to ensure that no sewers and likely to contract toxic or hazardous gases are present hazardous communicable in the line. materials diseases from Ensure availability of PPE for during sewer exposure to pathogens maintenance workers. maintenance present in the sewage. Follow safety and Emergency work Preparedness plan prepared at design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.
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Table 7.3: Estimated Cost of ESMP
Cost included in the Cost in Rupees Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure DPR (Yes/no/not (or Details if Remarks clear) provided in DPR)
Design and Provision for Proper drainage Yes (not specific but DPR for Sewerage The proposed DPR Development accidental leakages / arrangements to included as a part of system in Sewerage includes these bursts in SPS,STP prevent water associated Halisahar Town, activities stagnation/ flooding construction in SPS site area& STP activity)
Location of SPS,STP Appropriate siting, Yes DPR for Sewerage The proposed and enclosing within system in Sewerage SPS,STP will be building to reduce Halisahar Town indoor which will noise and odour prevent noise and nuisance to enclosed nature and surrounding area appropriate cleaning and maintenance will prevent odour nuisance
Construction Excavation, Cutting Review of existing Yes DPR for Sewerage The proposed DPR and filling operations infrastructure, shoring system in Sewerage includes these trenches, Halisahar Town activities reinstatement/
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Cost included in the Cost in Rupees Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure DPR (Yes/no/not (or Details if Remarks clear) provided in DPR)
resurfacing
Damage public Proper reviewing of Yes DPR for Sewerage The proposed DPR utilities existing drawing s of system in Sewerage includes these utilities, informing Halisahar Town activities concern authorities and reinstatement of public utilities
Dust generation Water sprinkling on No Rs 9,84,104/- According to DPR 227 excavated material to Km stretch will be suppress dust and completed in 27 provision of top cover months. This means when transported approximately 276.8 through vehicles m will be covered per day. Labour Cost Rs 200/day Tanker Rs 400/- day Cost Rs 600/276.8 = Rs 2.167/- Cost for 227 KM = Rs 4,92,052/- for two times a day = Rs 984104/- Top cover for dumper No Rs. 33,750/- 30 sq. mtr cost of truck covering 30*Rs 75 =
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Cost included in the Cost in Rupees Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure DPR (Yes/no/not (or Details if Remarks clear) provided in DPR)
Rs 2250/- for 5 nos dumper = 5*2250 = Rs 11,250 cover to be changed atleast 3 times during construction. Cost = 3*11250=Rs 33750/- Noise and vibrations Usage of sound No One side barricading: barriers or sheets. No. of sheet required (276.8 mtr/3 mtr) * 2 = 184.5 , say 185 nos. So total number required 370. Cost of sheeting 370*1075=Rs 3,97,750/- (plain GI sheet cost Rs 1075 per sheet). Two sets Rs. 17,79,500/- barricading require 2*397,750/- =Rs 795500/-. Labour required for this work 6 nos @ 200/- = Rs 1200/- per day. Cost of labour = 1200*820= Rs 9,84,000/-. Total Cost = Rs 2*3,97,750/- + Rs
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Cost included in the Cost in Rupees Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure DPR (Yes/no/not (or Details if Remarks clear) provided in DPR)
9,84,000/ = Rs 17,79,500/- Temporary flooding Alternate traffic re- or , water logging routing, Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas Yes Increased traffic Traffic re-routing Yes inconvenience Safety hazards to No Rs 68,000/- Cost of Fence /wire workers and 100 kgs @Rs 600 per residents Kg = Rs 60,000/- . Labour required for this work 4 nos @ Putting fences or other 200/- = Rs 800/- per barricades to day=8000 demarcate the area Total cost = Rs 68000 Health hazards and Sanitation No Rs 13,62,646/- Cost of Septic Tank nuisance due to for 200 users= Rs absence of facility 1,50,000 for sanitation or solid Cost of twin soak pit waste management for 2 years = Rs 15000/-*2=Rs 30,000/- Cost of 5 seater water
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Cost included in the Cost in Rupees Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure DPR (Yes/no/not (or Details if Remarks clear) provided in DPR)
closet = Rs 1,60,650/- (Ref: Establishment and Management of Community Sanitary Complexes in Rural Areas- A handbook. Cost enhanced as it has considered the cost in May 2011) No. of labour engaged nearly 700-800 nos Therefore, Cost of sanitation = 4*3,40,650=Rs13,62,64 6/-
Creation of Water No Rs 450000/- Provision of tubewells Supply @Rs150000 in app 3 locations where water supply is not available . Approval for tubewells will be acquired from the concerned authority
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Cost included in the Cost in Rupees Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure DPR (Yes/no/not (or Details if Remarks clear) provided in DPR)
Dust bins No Rs. 200000/- Construction Fly Nuisance at STP Application of No Rs 100000/- Lumpsum Cost insecticides
Treatment of Ensure proper No Rs. 165000/- Lumpsum Cost Disposal of Sludge functioning of STP for digestion of sludge Sludge Monitoring Analysis of sludge No Rs. 165000/- Lumpsum Cost and its neutralization
Tree Plantation & No Rs. 240000/- Lumpsum Cost Landscaping Training and Among the workers of No Lumpsum Cost Awareness construction camp Rs. 100000/- generation and operators of STP and Monitoring and Evaluation expert Monitoring Cost of Monitoring Rs 12,30,000.00 @ Rs 6,15,000 per year during Construction ( Refer to Appendix 1) Phase ( 2 years ) Cost of Monitoring Rs 9,60,000.00 @ Rs 4,80,000 per year during Operation ( Refer to Appendix 1) Phase ( 2 years) Total Cost of Environment Management Rs 78,38,000/-
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7.7 Public Involvement and Disclosure
This involves two key objectives. The primary objective of the public consultation is to gather information on public concerns about the project. The second objective is to disclose or communicate the ESIA findings and proposed mitigation measures to determine the degree of public acceptance. Public information collection and information disclosures would be done through different systems as mentioned in the Governance and Accountability Action Plan. Mandatory disclosure will be done through websites of SPMG, NMCG and World Bank. Both information gathering and disclosure are to be focused on project-affected people and beneficiaries from different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds, and occupations, as well as other stakeholders from areas immediately adjacent to the project sites and from other parts of the town. Multipurpose kiosks will be set up in the Municipal area to handle public involvement and disclosure (Refer to GAAP report given as a separate volume). The issues and concerns raised at the public consultation program have been appropriately addressed during the ESIA and mitigation planning. Specific mitigation measures have been designed to avoid or minimize the adverse impacts of most concern to the public, with specific implementing timetables and budgets.
7.8 Conclusion
The Objective of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA‟s endeavor of Mission Clean Ganga by effective management of environmental and social issues. These social and environmental issues or impacts have to be effectively managed during the planning, design, construction and operational phases of NGRBA investments. With this in mind the ESMF of Halisahar Municipality undertakes an in depth analysis of the impacts that can occur during all the phases. As there have been no issues of Land acquisition the social impacts has been minimized related to the temporary disruptions as result of the construction of the Sewerage system particularly the networks. Halisahar being a small town with unplanned growth and urbanization, settlements and roads creates an unimaginable network which is detrimental to any development work. Thus the digging of
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The environmental impacts were identified during the construction and operation of the sewerage system. These impacts will be more localised related to air, noise pollution and water pollution in the excavation sites. The impacts are – Temporary change in Air quality Noise generated from different stages of the construction works. Contamination of water from suspended solid run offs and waste water from the project sites. Traffic disruption
An effective management framework has been drawn for mitigation of the social and environmental impacts with proper implementation and monitoring plan of action. The mitigation measures cover waste water management practices, creation of green belt to traffic diversion and adopting trenchless technology. The responsible agency at all levels for each of the mitigation measures have been well defined in the management framework.
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ANNEXURES
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Appendix 1 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring Cost of environmental monitoring would be broken under two phases – the construction phase and the Operational phase. In the construction phase monitoring will be carried out for a period of 2 years while in the operational phase it will be carried out for 5 years.
Table 7.5 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (2 Years)
No. of Frequency Cost S. No. Monitoring Parameter Stations/ Unit Cost (Yearly) (INR) Samplers Ambient Air 1 Quality As per NAAQS, 2009 4 2 9,000.00 72,000.00 Monitoring Noise level Ambient Noise monitoring ( During 2 Level Day & Night Time) 4 2 4,000.00 32,000.00 Monitoring As per CPCB standards
Depending Noise on number As per CPCB 3 Monitoring of DG 2 5,500.00 11,000.00 standards (D.G sets) sets used (lump sum) Drinking/ 4 Ground Water As per IS: 10500 4 4 10,000.00 1,60,000.00 Quality Surface water 5 As per IS 2296 8 4 10,000.00 3,20,000.00 Monitoring 6 Soil Monitoring Essential parameters 1 2 10,000.00 20,000.00 Total 6,15,000.00
a) Annual environment monitoring cost during construction phase is Rs 6,00,000.00. Therefore for two years of construction period, the environment monitoring cost is Rs. 12,30, 000.00 (Rupees Twelve Lacs thirty thousand only).
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Table 7.6: Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Operational Phase (5 Years)
S. No. of Stations/ Frequency Unit Cost Monitoring Parameter No. Samplers (Yearly) Cost (INR)
Drinking/ Ground As per IS: 1 4 4 10,000.00 1,60,000.00 Water Quality 10500
Surface water As per IS 2 8 4 10,000.00 3,20,000.00 Monitoring 2296 Total 4,80,000.00
Annual environment monitoring cost during operational phase is Rs 4,80,000.00. Therefore for two years of operation period, the environment monitoring cost is Rs. 9,60,000.00 (Rupees Nine Lacs sixty Thousand only).
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ANNEXURE – 1: Households Questionnaire
Environmental and Social Management Framework under NGRBA for Halisahar Municipality Household questionnaire
1. Name:
2. Sex: 1. Male 2. Female
3. Ward:
4. What is the source of drinking water? 1 Piped Water 2 Tubewell 3. Well 4. River 5. Others
5. Do you think that the quality of water is good? 1. Yes 2. No
6. Do you have pucca toilet at home? 1. Yes 2. No
7. If no, do you want to construct pucca toilet at home? 1 Yes 2 No
8. Do you think river Ganga is polluted? 1. Yes 2. No
9. What is the source of pollution? 1. Household waste through drains 2. Garbage dump 3 Industrial waste 4 Others
10. Are you aware of the project that aims to clean Ganga? 1. Yes 2. No
11. What would be the direct benefits of the project? 1 Clean Ganga 2 Health Improvement 3 Improvement of service 4 Low pollution and Clean Environment 5 Other
12. Do you want to connect it to the sewerage line? 1. Yes 2. No
13. Are you willing to pay user charges to cover O and M costs? 1. Yes 2. No
14. What problems would you face during the construction and post construction phases?
Sl CONSEQUENCES MITIGATION ( CONSEQUENCES Mitigation( Post) no (Pre) Pre) (Post) 1 Traffic blockage Traffic blockage
2 Parking disruption Parking disruption
3 Dust Dust
4 Loss of tree Loss of tree
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Sl CONSEQUENCES MITIGATION ( CONSEQUENCES Mitigation( Post) no (Pre) Pre) (Post) cover/rare species cover/rare species of tree of tree
5 Noise Noise
6 Pollution of water Pollution of water body body
7 Temporary Temporary disruption of water disruption of water body body
8 Soil and water Soil and water contamination due contamination due to indiscriminate to indiscriminate disposal of disposal of construction and construction and demolition waste demolition waste
9 Health Health
10 Livelihood Livelihood
15. From where did you come to know about it?
Leaflet Poster Cable TV Radio Local news paper Ward Councillors or other representatives Govt. dept staff Municipal staff Meetings 16. How could awareness on the project be generated?
Leaflet Poster Cable TV Radio Local news paper Ward Councillors or other representatives Govt. dept staff Municipal staff Meetings
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ANNEXURE - 2: Sample Survey Sheets
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ANNEXURE – 3: FGD Query Sheet Environmental and Social Management Framework under NGRBA Focus Group Discussion Date:
1. Location:-
2. Ward no:-
3. Mix of Group:-
4. What are the sources of Drinking water? Give opinion on The Quality of Water.
5. What are the sources of Ganga River Pollution in your Town?
6. Which are the key points of pollution of the River Ganga?
7. Is there any practice of open defecation in river in your town?
8. Why is such practice still prevalent?
9. Do you think that the Ganga River Should Be Cleaned?
10. If Yes, how? (probable Steps)
11. Are You Aware That Project Has Been Taken to Mitigate River Pollution In Your Town?
12. Do you know the components of this project ?
13. How did you get to know about it?
14. Do you know how would you be benefitted from this Project?
15. Do you want to establish sewerage connections even for houses with septic tanks?
16. Are you willing to pay the user charge to cover O&M cost?
17. Do you Think That You Have Some Responsibility Regarding This Project?
18. Please indicate () The Probable Consequences of the Construction Involved In This Project? (Temporary)
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Sl no CONSEQUENCES MITIGATION
1 Traffic blockage
2 Parking disruption
3 Dust
4 Loss of tree cover/rare species of tree
5 Noise
6 Pollution of water body
7 Temporary disruption of water body
8 Soil and water contamination due to indiscriminate disposal of construction and demolition waste
9 Health
10 Livelihood
19. Which areas will be most affected by Temporary Disruption?
20. Please indicate () the Probable consequences of the Project post Completion? And what could be the solution?
Sl no ONSEQUENCES MITIGATION
1 Traffic blockage
2 Parking disruption
3 Dust generation
4 Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses
5 Loss of tree cover/rare species of tree
6 Noise
7 Odour
8 Pollution of water body
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
9 Soil contamination
21. Are you aware of any Community Based Awareness program/Social Movement organized for or against this Project
22. How can awareness about the program be raised? Give opinions
Leaflet
Poster
Cable TV
Radio
Local news paper
Ward Councillors or other representatives
Govt. deptt. staff
Municipal staff
Meetings
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
ANNEXURE – 4: Glimpses of the FGD and Household survey conducted in Sensitive Locations of Halisahar Municipality
Sarkarbazar, FGD Jamindar Lane, W-20, FGD
Galupara, W-20, FGD Sarkarbazar, FGD
HalisaharAdarshaVidyapith,FGD Sarkarbazar, FGD
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal EMP-Ver2.0
Zamindarlane, W-18, HH Near Trenching Ground HH Bagmore, W-2,HH Survey Survey Survey, W-8
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