Redalyc.Calcium As a Nutrient Involved in the Synthesis And
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Role of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Prenatal Development: Insights from Mouse Transgenic Models
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Role of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Prenatal Development: Insights from Mouse Transgenic Models Zuzanna Kope´c , Rafał R. Starzy ´nski,Aneta Jo ´nczy , Rafał Mazgaj and Paweł Lipi ´nski* Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrz˛ebiec,Poland; [email protected] (Z.K.); [email protected] (R.R.S.); [email protected] (A.J.); [email protected] (R.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Iron is an essential nutrient during all stages of mammalian development. Studies car- ried out over the last 20 years have provided important insights into cellular and systemic iron metabolism in adult organisms and led to the deciphering of many molecular details of its regula- tion. However, our knowledge of iron handling in prenatal development has remained remarkably under-appreciated, even though it is critical for the health of both the embryo/fetus and its mother, and has a far-reaching impact in postnatal life. Prenatal development requires a continuous, albeit quantitatively matched with the stage of development, supply of iron to support rapid cell division during embryogenesis in order to meet iron needs for erythropoiesis and to build up hepatic iron stores, (which are the major source of this microelement for the neonate). Here, we provide a concise overview of current knowledge of the role of iron metabolism-related genes in the maintenance of iron homeostasis in pre- and post-implantation development based on studies on transgenic (mainly knock-out) mouse models. -
Happy Fish: a Novel Supplementation Technique to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women in Rural Cambodia
Happy Fish: A Novel Supplementation Technique to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women in Rural Cambodia by Christopher V. Charles A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Science Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Christopher V. Charles, April, 2012 ABSTRACT HAPPY FISH: A NOVEL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUE TO PREVENT IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN WOMEN IN RURAL CAMBODIA Christopher V. Charles Advisors: University of Guelph, 2012 Professor Alastair J.S. Summerlee Professor Cate E. Dewey Maternal and child undernutrition are a significant problem in the developing world, with serious consequences for human health and socio-economic development. In Cambodia, 55% of children, 43% of women of reproductive age, and 50% of pregnant women are anemic. Current prevention and control practices rely on supplementation with iron pills or large-scale food fortification, neither of which are affordable or feasible in rural Cambodia. In the study areas, 97% of women did not meet their daily iron requirements. The current research focuses on the design and evaluation of an innovative iron supplementation technique. A culturally acceptable, inexpensive and lightweight iron ingot was designed to resemble a fish species considered lucky in Khmer culture. The ingot, referred to as ‘try sabay’ or ‘happy fish’, was designed to supply iron at a slow, steady rate. Iron leaching was observed in water and soup samples prepared with the iron fish when used concurrently with an acidifier. More than 75% of daily iron requirements can be met with regular use. Its use in the common pot of soup or boiled water provides supplementation to the entire family. -
Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin
pharmaceuticals Review Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin Brian Chiou and James R. Connor * Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-717-531-4541 Received: 24 October 2018; Accepted: 12 November 2018; Published: 13 November 2018 Abstract: Ferritin, a ubiquitously expressed protein, has classically been considered the main iron cellular storage molecule in the body. Owing to the ferroxidase activity of the H-subunit and the nucleation ability of the L-subunit, ferritin can store a large amount of iron within its mineral core. However, recent evidence has demonstrated a range of abilities of ferritin that extends well beyond the scope of iron storage. This review aims to discuss novel functions and biomedical uses of ferritin in the processes of iron delivery, delivery of biologics such as chemotherapies and contrast agents, and the utility of ferritin as a biomarker in a number of neurological diseases. Keywords: ferritin; iron; iron delivery; nanotechnology; nanocage; drug delivery; inflammation; serum biomarker 1. Ferritin Introduction Ferritin, a protein originally identified in 1937 by Vilém Laufberger [1], is a ubiquitously expressed iron storage protein most commonly characterized by its ability to accumulate and store up to 4500 atoms of iron [2]. Ferritin consists of 24 subunits, typically comprised of different ratios of the H and L chain subunit. The ratios vary by organ and even by cell type. Importantly, the different subunits have divergent functions—H-ferritin utilizes ferroxidase activity that is necessary for the oxidation of ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric (Fe3+) iron while L-ferritin contains acidic residues on the surface cavity of the protein that facilitate ferroxidase turnover and are crucial for the nucleation of ferric iron within the core of the fully formed protein. -
Cold Type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia- a Rare Manifestation Of
Dematapitiya et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:68 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3722-z CASE REPORT Open Access Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia- a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis; serum ferritin as an important biomarker Chinthana Dematapitiya1*, Chiara Perera2, Wajira Chinthaka1, Solith Senanayaka1, Deshani Tennakoon1, Anfas Ameer1, Dinesh Ranasinghe1, Ushani Warriyapperuma1, Suneth Weerarathna1 and Ravindra Satharasinghe1 Abstract Background: Infectious mononucleosis is one of the main manifestations of Epstein – Barr virus, which is characterized by fever, tonsillar-pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytes. Although 60% of patients with IMN develop cold type antibodies, clinically significant hemolytic anemia with a high ferritin level is very rare and validity of serum ferritin as an important biomarker has not been used frequently. Case presentation: 18-year-old girl presented with fever, malaise and sore throat with asymptomatic anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and mild hepatitis. Investigations revealed that she had cold type autoimmune hemolysis, significantly elevated serum ferritin, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level with serological evidence of recent Epstein Barr infection. She was managed conservatively and her hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels normalized without any intervention following two weeks of the acute infection. Conclusion: Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis and serum ferritin is used very rarely as an important biomarker. Management of cold type anemia is mainly supportive and elevated serum ferritin indicates severe viral disease. Keywords: Infectious mononucleosis (IMN), Hemolytic anemia, Ferritin Background mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and infectious mono- Epstein – Barr virus is one of the most ubiquitous human nucleosis (IMN). Diagnosis of cold type AIHA due to viruses, infecting more than 95% the adult population IMN is confirmed by demonstrating red cell aggregates in worldwide. -
IRON and ZINC in INFANCY: RESULTS from EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS in SWEDEN and INDONESIA Torbjörn Lind
UMEÅ UNIVERSITY MEDICAL DISSERTATIONS New Series No. 887 – ISSN 0346-6612 – ISBN 91-7305-631-6 From Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine & Pediatrics Department of Clinical Sciences Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden IRON AND ZINC IN INFANCY: RESULTS FROM EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS IN SWEDEN AND INDONESIA Torbjörn Lind Umeå 2004 Print & Media Copyright Torbjörn Lind Cover illustration: “Mother breastfeeding” Oil on canvas. Yogyakarta 1999. Painter anonymous Printed in Sweden by Print & Media, Umeå 2004 Print & Media “In spite of the spectacular advances in scientific medicine which we have witnessed in the last 20 years, there is still a need for information about a number of fundamental, if quite elementary, matters.” E M Widdowson and C M Spray, 1951 Print & Media Print & Media ABSTRACT Background: Iron and zinc are difficult to provide in sufficient amounts in complementary foods to infants world-wide, resulting in high prevalence of both iron and zinc deficiency. These deficiency states cause anemia, delayed neurodevelopment, impaired growth, and increased susceptibility to infections such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Design: Two different intervention strategies; reduction of a possible inhibitor of iron and zinc absorption, i.e. phytate, or supplementation with iron and zinc, were applied to two different populations in order to improve iron and zinc nutrition: In a high-income population (Umeå, Sweden), the amount of phytate in commonly consumed infant cereals was reduced. Healthy, term infants (n=300) were at 6 mo of age randomized to phytate-reduced infant cereals, conventional infant cereals, or infant formula and porridge. In a low income population (Purworejo, Indonesia), daily iron and zinc supplementation was given. -
The Effects of Iron Supplementation and Fortification on the Gut Microbiota: a Review
Review The Effects of Iron Supplementation and Fortification on the Gut Microbiota: A Review Emma CL Finlayson-Trick 1 , Jordie AJ Fischer 2,3 , David M Goldfarb 1,3,4 and Crystal D Karakochuk 2,3,* 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; efi[email protected] (E.C.F.-T.); [email protected] (D.M.G.) 2 Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; jordie.fi[email protected] 3 British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 August 2020; Accepted: 24 September 2020; Published: 26 September 2020 Abstract: Iron supplementation and fortification are used to treat iron deficiency, which is often associated with gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Within the gut, commensal bacteria contribute to maintaining systemic iron homeostasis. Disturbances that lead to excess iron promote the replication and virulence of enteric pathogens. Consequently, research has been interested in better understanding the effects of iron supplementation and fortification on gut bacterial composition and overall gut health. While animal and human trials have shown seemingly conflicting results, these studies emphasize how numerous factors influence gut microbial composition. Understanding how different iron formulations and doses impact specific bacteria will improve the outcomes of iron supplementation and fortification in humans. Furthermore, discerning the nuances of iron supplementation and fortification will benefit subpopulations that currently do not respond well to treatment. -
Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: a Predictive Biomarker of Cellular Antioxidant Inadequacy and Disease Risk
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Disease Markers Volume 2015, Article ID 818570, 18 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/818570 Review Article Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: A Predictive Biomarker of Cellular Antioxidant Inadequacy and Disease Risk Gerald Koenig1,2 and Stephanie Seneff3 1 Health-e-Iron, LLC, 2800 Waymaker Way, No. 12, Austin, TX 78746, USA 2Iron Disorders Institute, Greenville, SC 29615, USA 3Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Gerald Koenig; [email protected] Received 2 July 2015; Accepted 20 September 2015 Academic Editor: Ralf Lichtinghagen Copyright © 2015 G. Koenig and S. Seneff. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a well-established serum marker for alcohol-related liver disease. However, GGT’s predictive utility applies well beyond liver disease: elevated GGT is linked to increased risk to a multitude of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and all-cause mortality. The literature from multiple population groups worldwide consistently shows strong predictive power for GGT, even across different gender and ethnic categories. Here, we examine the relationship of GGT to other serum markers such as serum ferritin (SF) levels, and we suggest a link to exposure to environmental and endogenous toxins, resulting in oxidative and nitrosative stress. We observe a general upward trend in population levels of GGT over time, particularly in the US and Korea. Since the late 1970s, both GGT and incident MetS and its related disorders have risen in virtual lockstep. -
Increasing Ferritin Predicts Early Death in Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Henry Ford Health System Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons Pathology Articles Pathology 2-17-2021 Increasing ferritin predicts early death in adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Rand Abou Shaar Charles S. Eby Suzanne van Dorp Theo de Witte Zaher K. Otrock Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/pathology_articles Received: 13 November 2020 | Accepted: 29 January 2021 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13489 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Increasing ferritin predicts early death in adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Rand Abou Shaar1 | Charles S. Eby2 | Suzanne van Dorp3 | Theo de Witte3 | Zaher K. Otrock1 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, Abstract USA Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare syndrome of 2 Department of Pathology and Immunology, pathologic immune activation. Most studies on adult HLH have evaluated prognostic Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA factors for overall survival; factors predicting early mortality have not been suffi- 3Radboud University Medical Center, ciently investigated. Nijmegen, Netherlands Methods: This was a collaborative study between Henry Ford Hospital and Barnes- Correspondence Jewish Hospital. We identified all adult HLH patients with at least 2 ferritin levels Zaher K. Otrock, Transfusion Medicine Division, Department of Pathology and within 30 days from admission. Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Results: One- hundred twenty- four patients were identified. There were -
Importance of Serum Ferritin Level for Early Diagnosis and Differentiation in Patients with Kawasaki Disease with Macrophage Activation Syndrome
children Article Importance of Serum Ferritin Level for Early Diagnosis and Differentiation in Patients with Kawasaki Disease with Macrophage Activation Syndrome Da Eun Roh 1,2, Jung Eun Kwon 1,2 , Hee Joung Choi 3 and Yeo Hyang Kim 1,2,* 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea; [email protected] (D.E.R.); [email protected] (J.E.K.) 2 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea 3 Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-53-200-2747 Abstract: We aimed to evaluate the utility of the serum ferritin level as an early screening test of Kawasaki disease with macrophage activation syndrome (KD-MAS). We analyzed the serum ferritin levels on the first day of admission and the clinical progress of patients diagnosed with complete or incomplete KD. Of the 158 patients, 5 were diagnosed with KD-MAS. Conjunctival injection was significantly more frequent in KD group (p = 0.035), although there were no significant differences in other clinical features. On the first day of admission, the serum ferritin level in the KD-MAS group was >500 ng/mL, which was higher than that in the KD group (p = 0.001). In the KD-MAS group, total bilirubin, triglyceride, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total protein, albumin, and fibrinogen were significantly lower Citation: Roh, D.E.; Kwon, J.E.; Choi, than the KD group (p < 0.05). -
Differentiation of Iron Deficiency and the Anemia of Chronic Disease
Differentiation of Iron Deficiency and the Anemia of Chronic Disease Danis J. Christensen, MD Salt Lake City, Utah The predictive value positive of serum iron studies and eryth rocyte indices in differentiating between iron deficiency ane mia and the anemia of chronic disease (ACD) were determined in 82 hospitalized patients with an iron-binding saturation of 15 percent or less. Iron deficiency, determined by serum ferritin of 20 ng/mL or less, was present in only 31 percent of patients with a serum iron level of 10 p-g/dL or less; 39 percent of patients with a transferrin saturation of 5 percent or less, and 54 percent of patients with a total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) of 350 /zg/dL or greater; conversely, iron deficiency was pres ent in only 3 percent of patients with a TIBC of 250 p,g/dL or less. Iron deficiency was present in 83 percent of patients with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 75 /xm3 or less, but only 2 percent of patients with an MCV of 86 p,m3 or greater. It is concluded that the MCV has strong predictive value positive (and negative) when below (or above) the values just cited, but that serum iron studies do not have sufficient predictive value to justify their use in the routine differentiation between iron deficiency anemia and the ACD in hospitalized patients when no other cause for anemia is likely. One of the most frequent problems in the diag parameters commonly used to differentiate be nosis of anemia is the differentiation between tween the two conditions. -
A Review of Nutrients and Compounds, Which Promote Or Inhibit Intestinal Iron Absorption: Making a Platform for Dietary Measures That Can Reduce Iron Uptake in Patients With
Hindawi Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Volume 2020, Article ID 7373498, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7373498 Research Article A Review of Nutrients and Compounds, Which Promote or Inhibit Intestinal Iron Absorption: Making a Platform for Dietary Measures That Can Reduce Iron Uptake in Patients with Genetic Haemochromatosis Nils Thorm Milman Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Næstved Hospital, University College Zealand, DK-4700 Næstved, Denmark Correspondence should be addressed to Nils orm Milman; [email protected] Received 29 May 2020; Revised 1 August 2020; Accepted 25 August 2020; Published 14 September 2020 Academic Editor: Stan Kubow Copyright © 2020 Nils orm Milman. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To provide an overview of nutrients and compounds, which influence human intestinal iron absorption, thereby making a platform for elaboration of dietary recommendations that can reduce iron uptake in patients with genetic hae- mochromatosis. Design. Review. Setting. A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar of papers dealing with iron absorption. Results. e most important promoters of iron absorption in foods are ascorbic acid, lactic acid (produced by fermentation), meat factors in animal meat, the presence of heme iron, and alcohol which stimulate iron uptake by inhibition of hepcidin expression. e most important inhibitors of iron uptake are phytic acid/phytates, polyphenols/tannins, proteins from soya beans, milk, eggs, and calcium. Oxalic acid/oxalate does not seem to influence iron uptake. Turmeric/curcumin may stimulate iron uptake through a decrease in hepcidin expression and inhibit uptake by complex formation with iron, but the net effect has not been clarified. -
Protein Expression Profiles in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
[CANCER RESEARCH 64, 9018–9026, December 15, 2004] Protein Expression Profiles in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Compared with Normal Pancreatic Tissue and Tissue Affected by Pancreatitis as Detected by Two- Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry Jianjun Shen,1 Maria D. Person,2 Jijiang Zhu,3 James L. Abbruzzese,3 and Donghui Li3 1Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas; 2Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas; and 3Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas ABSTRACT revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes but little overlap of identified genes among various gene expression ap- Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly fatal disease, and there is an urgent need proaches. Furthermore, although genetic mutation and/or errant gene for early detection markers and novel therapeutic targets. The current expression may underlie a disease, the biochemical bases for most study has used a proteomic approach of two-dimensional (2D) gel elec- trophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify differentially ex- diseases are caused by protein defects. Therefore, profiling differen- pressed proteins in six cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, two normal tially expressed proteins is perhaps the most important and useful adjacent tissues, seven cases of pancreatitis, and six normal pancreatic approach in development of diagnostic screening and therapeutic tissues. Protein extracts of individual sample and pooled samples of each techniques. type of tissues were separated on 2D gels using two different pH ranges. The proteomic approach has offered many opportunities and chal- Differentially expressed protein spots were in-gel digested and identified lenges in identifying new tumor markers and therapeutic targets and in by MS.