I I I I I I MONTEREY COUNTY GENERAL PLAN I MONTEREY COUNTY, STATE OF CALIFORNIA I I I

I ADOPTED BY THE MONTEREY COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION JULY 10, 1968 I ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF MONTEREY COUNTY OCTOBER 22, 1968 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 N I I I MONTEREY COUNTY I I I I I

I PREFACE

I The Monterey County General Plan is an attempt to establish a county philosophy based on the values and desires of the people. This in turn becomes a valid basis for decisions by public bodies as well as private enterprise. Such a pro­ cedure is vitally needed in our rapidly changing environment. The General Plan I is a study of the ever changing pattern of Monterey County --a mirror in which to review the past, to comprehend the present, and to contemplate the future, This plan reflects years of research and study as well as many other reports such as I the continuing Facts and Figures, Recreation in Monterey County, Beach Acqui­ sition, and other plans which are shown as separate documents h~cause of the volume of material.

I The size of Monterey County, its variety of climate, vegetation, and land forms make it imperative that only large land uses or broad proposals be used to portray geographically the objectives desired for the future development of the County. I Accordingly, in addition to the maps, greater emphasis in the General Plan is placed on the text which conveys in words the objectives as well as the princi­ ples and standards recommended to make them effective. More detailed analysis I of each section of Monterey County may be found in the previously adopted General Plans of each area which have been incorporated into and become a part of this Monterey County General Plan. Each of the sectional General Plans incorporate greater details of the elements contained herein as well as suggested I methods of implementation for each area. I

The success of this plan as a guide to future development of Monterey County I will depend primarily on the imagination and daring of the people of present and future generations. I I I I I I I I MONTEREY COUNTY I ORIGIN OF THE NAME "The name is composed of the words, monte and '!:!!lb and "literally means 'king I of forests'. The harbor and country were so named in honor of Count Monterey, as well as for the beautiful forests of pine and other trees that surrounded the harbor and covered the hiU-tops." I

AREA OF THE COUNTY I "The area of Monterey is three thousand three hundred square miles and is within a fraction of the size of the State of Connecticut, and is greater than the combined area of the States of Rhode Island and Del(J);)are." I "It possesses nearly a mi Uion acres of rich agricultural land almost unparalleled for productiveness. Until recently the greater portion of the county has been I devoted to the raising of cattle and sheep and much of the best land is held by the original grantees, their assigns, or immediate descendents." I CLIMATE AND PRODUCTION "There is a great diversity of soil, climate and productions, owing to the peculiar I manner in which the country is divided by mountains, hills and valleys. The territory may be regarded as divided naturally into four sections, viz: The Santa Lucia Mountains in the western portion, following the coastline, the Great I Salinas Valley in the central portion of the county, the Gabilan Mountains, with the smaller valleys enclosed by that range in the eastern portion of the county, and Pajaro Valley in the northern portion of the county. Monterey has Zang been known for its equable temperature. " I REF: History of Monterey County - Elliot E. Moore Publishers 1881 I

The charm of Monterey County lies in its inherent beauty----its mountains, fertile valleys, rolling hills studded with oaks, cypress and pine trees that meet the ocean, a mgged shoreline and white I sand beaches. Fortunately it has not experienced rapid growth, and the environmental features of the county have been maintained. I I I I -I

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It is through the efforts of those who have endeavored to preserve the county and through the work I of those who have lived here in the past that it has retained its natural appeal.

Today this heritage still exists, as exemplified by the people who live in the geographically I different areas of the county; the ranchers of the Salinas Valley who have retained their agricultural lands which remain the dominant economic influence in the valley; the residents of the Monterey Peninsula, who, with many years of thoughtful progress behind them al'e still strong and sincere with ideals of how they wish the area to develop; and those who live on the coast south of Carmel I and have expressed their wish to retain the dramatic appeal of the coastal area. It is through the ideals of the people of the past and the desires of the people of the present, the goals can be set for the future ..... goals which will meet the impact of expanding populations and new ways of life, I yet preserve the natural beauty of the county. Monterey County is unique in its history, the position it occupies in California today, and in the opportunity it affords for the future. I The major factors in the planning for Monterey County are the people, their activities and the land. For many years only a handful of people lived in what is now Monterey County. Their needs were small, and, because of abundance of land, there was little friction among them and they did little I to change the character of the land. The •Golden Age" of the Californians was from 1830 to 1850, when the large ranchers were at their height. After the discovery of gold in California the way of life changed and more and more people settled in Monterey County.

From 1850 to 1880 the population continued to increase, and by 1880 there were 11,309 people in I the area which is now Monterey County. Definite patterns of development appeared on the land-­ quiltwork patterns of agriculture in the Salinas Valley and urban-like settlem.ents there and on the Monterey Peninsula. One can go back in history today by having direct contact with the people who remember the past. The people who are active in planning today are a connecting link with this I past.

Much of the planning for the future involves "what to save", and it is through an unde.zstanding of the land and the people that the answers may be found.

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MONTEREY COUNTY GENERAL PLANS I Name of Plan Board of Supervisors I Adoptive Dates Amendment Dates

Moss Landing Area Development Plan 9-17 - 56 9- 19- 67 I Toro Area Master Plan 3- 21- 60 Central Salinas Valley General Plan 10- 17- 60 Marina Master Plan 1-16-61 4-19-66 & 1-17-67 I Carmel Valley Master Plan 1- 9 - 61 Monterey County Coast Master Plan 11- 5-62 North County General Plan 1-13-64 8- 9-66 South County General Plan 7- 20- 64 I Monterey Peninsula Area General Plan 7- 26-66 Greater Salinas Area General Plan 6- 28-68 Carmel Highlands - Carmel Riviera Master Plan 7- 8-69 I Santa Rita Community Plan 7- 8-69 I CITY GENERAL PLANS ADOPTED AS PART OF MONTEREY COUNTY GENERAL PLAN 1·

Seaside Master Plan 7- 27- 59 King City Master Plan 6-10-63 Soledad General Plan 6-14-66 I Gonzales General Plan 5- 9-67 I PRIVATE PLANS ADOPTED AS PART OF MONTEREY COUNTY GENERAL PLAN I

Rancho San Carlos Master Plan 7- 26-66 Laguna Seca Ranch Plan 4-18-67 I Del Monte Plan 7- 26-66 Conservation Plan for Three Ranches 7- 26-66 I I I· I I I I I MOSS LANDING AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN I MARINA MASTER PLAN NORTH COUNTY GENERAL PLAN I MONTEREY PENINSULA AREA PLAN SANTA RITA COMMUNITY PLAN CARMEL VALLEY MASTER PLAN GREATER SALINAS AREA GENERAL PLAN

I TORO MASTER PLAN CARMEL HIGHLANDS - I - CARMEL RIVIERA MASTER PLAN CENTRAL SALINAS VALLEY GENERAL PLAN I I MONTEREY COUNTY COAST MASTER PLAN SOUTH COUNTY GENERAL PLAN I I I THESE PLANS ARE ADOPTED AS PART OF THE MONTEREY COUNTY GENERAL PLAN I I I I I I

I MONTEREY COUNTY GENERAL PLAN I TABLE OF CONTENTS I PART ONE Page ASSUMPTIONS . . . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • . . . • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . . • A I GOALS OF THE GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS · • • • • • . . ..• • • • • • • • •.•••. • • . • . • • B I· PART TWO *HISTORICAL ELEMENT • • • • . . • . • . • . • . . . . • • • • . . • • . • • • . • • • • • • . . . • • . • • • . 1 * POPULATION ELEMENT • • • . . • • . . • • . . • • • • . . • • . . . . . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • . 1 * GENERAL LAND USE ELEMENT • • • . . • . • . . . . • • . . . • • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • 2 I RESIDENTIAL LAND USE • • • . . . • • • . • • • • . . . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • . . • • • • • 2 COMMERCIAL LAND USE . • . . • • • • . . • • • . • ...... • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • . . • . . . • • 3 INDUSTRIAL LAND USE . . . . • • . . . • • • • • . . . . . • • . . . • . . • • • • • . . . • • • . • . • . • 4 I *RECREATIONAL LAND USE • . • • • . • • • • • • • • . . • • • . . • • • . • . • • • . • • . • • • • • 4 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE . • • . • . . . . . • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • 5 * CIRCULATION ELEMENT . • • • • • . • • . . . . • • • • • • . . . . • . • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • 6 I CONSERVATION ELEMENT . . • . . • • . • • • . • . . • • • • • • . • . . • • • • • • • . • • • • . . . • • • • • • • • • 7 OPEN SPACE ELEMENT . . • • . . . • • • • . . . • • • . . • . • . • . . . • • • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • • 8 ECONOMIC E·LEMENT • • . • . . . • . • • . . • • • • • . • • • • • • • . . • . • • • • . • • • . . • • • • . • • • • • • 8 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS ELEMENT . • • • . • . . . . • • . • • • • • . . • . . . • . • • • • 9 I OCEAN RESOURCES ELEMENT . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • . . • • . • . . • . • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • 9 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES .. • • • • • • . . • . • . • • . • • • . • • . • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • . . . . . • • • . . • • • • 10 I PART THREE I FUTURE OF MONTEREY COUNTY.. • • . • . • . . • • • • . • • . • . . • • . . • • • • • . • . • • 13 I The following maps of Monterey County are referred to as a part of this text.

• 1. Historical I • 2. Population • 3. Land Use * 4. Circulation I • 5. Recreation • 6. General Plan • 7. Geography I • Indicates reference to maps that accompany this document. I I I ANTA RITA AREA S COMMUNITY PLAN

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~ I ~ I I !NORTH I COUNTY GENERAL ~mfil,~~ i I I SOUTH MONTEREY COUNTY 1PLAN MONTEREY COUNTY PLANNIN6 COMMISSION I •--c~­ I PART ONE

I MOSS LANDING AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN I I I II I ------I I I I I I ASSUMPTIONS I The objectives and principles of the General Plan are based on the assumption

that there will be no major war, natural disaster or major economic depression,

I and that the population and economic activities will continue to increase atleast I at the same rate as during the past decade. I I I I I I I I A I I I I I I GOALS OF THE GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS To maintain the character and the natural amenities of Monterey County while providing for its inevitable growth.

I To establish a compatible relationship between the expanding population of the county, its social and economi<- aspects and natural resources.

I To provide for maximum individual freedom of choice of working place, dwelling place, a place to play and a choice of leisure time activity, yet protect the economy I while recognizing and preserving the natural resources of the county. To help maintain a balanced economy by providing logical areas for industrial development,

I To employ different concepts of open space as a method of retaining the natural beauty and attractive appearance of the county.

I To protect and promote the interests of the county as they relate to the surrounding region and state. I To coordinate state and federal developments with future plans for Monterey County. To form a partnership between government and private enterprise.

I To encourage the development of private general plans within the framework of the Monterey County General Plan. I I I I

I B I I SANTA RITA AREA I COMMUNITY PLAN I I I I

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I \ \ ~~~E!E~ 'lliKM~~ i I . PLAN I MONTEP.BY COUNTY PLASNIN8 COMMl&&ION SOUTH MONTEREY COUNTY I I PART TWO I MOSS LANDING AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN I I I I I I

I HISTORICAL ELEMENT POPULATION ELEMENT I The history of California had its beginning in Monterey County, "the undisputed A.lth?~gh by. 1880 th~re were definite signs of growth in Monterey County, a link between California's romantic past and present progressive future".• Here, significant increase in population occurred between 1920 and 1930 ------an the first Spanish landing in Monterey Bay was made by Sebastian Viscaino in increase which gathered momentum in the 1940's and has continued to the I the year 1602. In 1770 the Presidio of Monterey and the Mission San Carlos de present. Borromeo were established, and following this, the Mission San Antonio and Mission Soledad. Spanish, and later Mexican control of California continued at I Monterey until the American flag was raised there in 1846. During this time The population of Monterey County will continue to increase, bringing attendant large rancho grants were made, which marked the beginning of cural expansion needs for capital improvements, such as schools, recreation areas, housing, and the first divisions of land in the County. Monterey lost some of its impact water, roads, sanitary and public facilities and many other needs and services. after the discovery of gold and when the state capitol was moved to San Jose. Increased population will provide such benefits as buying power, additional I No longer the center of population or of state government, Monterey has grown jobs and numerous other environmental advantages. The needs will not origin - gradually and with vision, having retained the importance of its romantic past. ate from within, as external and internal influences will have an effect on the county.

I In the years past much of California's history has been allowed to weather away. If Monterey County continues to grow at the same rate of increase as it did be - However, more recently the people of California have come to realize their tween 1950 and 1960 it would have a population of 287 ,700 persons by 1970, unique history, and have taken steps to preserve it. Fortunately for Monterey 425,000 by 1980 and a projected 520,000 persons by 1985. County, much of the romantic and historic charm of the past has been retained. I Many of the old buildings have disappeared but, through the cooperation of in - In addition to the people who live in Montere.y County, there are a great number dividuals, historical groups, the County and State, fine examples have been of vis ~ tors (fou.r million per year) --- persons who live outside the county and preserved. Because of this recognition and its significance, it is important enter 1t for business, pleasure, or for some other purpose. Therefore, the facil­ I that the historical element be recognized, and measures taken to preserve build­ ities existing in Monterey County must be geared to accommodate a population ings, sites and other examples of the colorful as well as cultural heritage of far greater than those of the residents of the county. Monterey County. · I The largest concentration of military personnel in Monterey County i s on the OBJECTIVE Monterey Peninsula, where it constitutes approximately one third of the popula - tion. However, it is anticipated that the proportion of military population as To retain the romance, culture and her:1-tag~ of Mort;ter:ey County by encouraging I the restoration and preservation of h?,stoncal bu?,ld?,ngs , sites, and other compared to civilian population will decrease. historical elements. Population forecasts can only be estimates, as a change in the economic struc • PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS: I ture, a major conflict or an act of God could materially alter the present trends. 1. To encourage public and private enterprise in the preservation of the However, due to its geographical location in expanding California, it is entirely historic elements of Monterey County. possible that within the next twenty years Monterey County could experience an accelerated rate of growth far exceeding the boldest estimates. I 2. To recognize significant buildings sites and other historiaal elements and to provide for their protectio:i. ' '

3. To enc~urage inte_rest in the cultural heritage of Monterey County for the I educahon and enJoyment of present and future generations. NarE: This report was published prior to the 1970 Census. I • Ref: Monterey County the "Magnifico" I

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GENERAL LAND USE ELEMENT I 3. To encourage compact urban development with natural as well as artificial limits of growth es tablished for individual corrununities .

Approximately 99.03 of Monterey County is unincorporated land, with 70.03 4. To er;courage anne :x;a~ic:n to existing cities where possible in order to I p rov~de nee ded ut~ht~e s and other services as economically as possible . used for farm land, range land, forests, roads, urban areas and other uses. Federal lands, which include national parks and military reservations comprise 5. Some parts of the areas shown as Rural Residential may be pr ot ected for a 28.63 of the unincorporated area, while state beaches and other state uses period of years as agricultural land unti l there is a demand f or more I occupy . 733 . concentrate d use. 6. To avoid l and use conf lict thr ough encouragement of planned developments . With continued growth there will be expansion of present land uses as well as I the development of unused land in otherwise developed parts of the county. ?. T~ g_i ve all land uses protection and to provide for a balanced plan, Economic factors and other pressures from within and outside the county will g~mng each land use the consideration and protection it can rightfully determine the rate of land use growth, For example, a change in government expect. policy could affect the status of the military in the county, although it is not 8. To cooperate in the development of compatible land use patterns with I anticipated that the acreage or the military population will measurably increase. s urroundi ng counties. Land annexed to incorpora ted towns and cities will add to the 1.03 of the I county which is now incorporated, as well as incorporation of new urban areas. With proper planning these areas may continue to define their identity by re - taining open space or features from natural boundaries within the cities and towns as well as between them. Residential Land Use I

There a re various conflic ts in land use in Monterey County, a notable example Future po~ul ation_ grow_th is expected to take place in or near the present centers being the Salinas Valley, where the level land i s not only productive agricul ­ of populat10n, which will mean providing dwelling units for two and one half times I turally, but is also s uitable for all types of building uses a s well a s trans - the present population by 1980. Based on this a ssump tion, Salinas, Northern portation routes. Fortunately, however, sufficient land exists for all uses and Monterey Co~nt y and the Monterey Peninsula will be the a reas of the gre ates t through proper planning and compatibility of uses a well balanced county may urban expansion. It becomes apparent that unless desirable population dens ities be realized. I are de t~rmined it wi_ll_ be difficult to control growth patterns a nd anticipate need­ ed services. Densiues based on community values will also provide a means of pr?tecting desir a~l~ increases and still place the population expansion on OBJECTIVE I locations most beneficial to the community. To ass ure orderly and bene f icial development of the county and to protect the OBJECTIVE character and the physical, economic and social stability of land use in Monterey Count y . To encourage and direct residential growth which will provide a pleas ant way I of life and reflect the natural att ributes of Mon t erey County . A place f or e verything and everyt hi ng in its place. PRINCI PLES AND STANDARDS: PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS : I 1. Practical resi dential growth densities should be encouraged to promote 1. To cooperate with urban, as we ll as other areas of Monterey County in development which retains the desirabl e characteris t ics of Mont erey estab l i shing . l and use patt erns and sound deve lopment whi le recognizing County. the pe rsona l~ty and characteristics of individual corrununities . I 2. The i ndividual corrununities should each retain thei r own identity and 2. The overall.development of each corrununi ty shall be accomp lished in the personality with separati on by open space or ot her techniques . most e cono~cal manner , consistent with providing conveniences amenities and satisf actory services . ' I 3. Unregulated growth and checkerboard de ve lopments on the fringes of cities should be dis couraged. I 2 I I I

I In some sections of the county the outlying areas inay grow faster than the 4. The use of vacant areas and re-use of deteriorating areas within or near cities, but even though the population tends to bec::ome decentralized, the cen - urb.an areas should be encouraged. tral business districts should maintain a key position by providing for breadth of service. I 5. The entrances to urban areas should be enhanced and protected.

6. Site selectiorc based on slope, vegetation and terrain rather than stereo­ The important factor is to prevent a serious imbalance of commercial devel - type grid development should be encouraged in all areas . opment between the central business districts and the outlying shopping com - I pl exes. ?. Special treatment of areas of outstanding beauty, historical or scenic attractiveness should be encouraged. With the increase in population the commercial centers shou1d be in planned I 8. Areas should be made available for all types of residential development, commercial districts, which, through proper planning and landscaping, would including mobile homes , resort hotels, row houses, apartments, etc. make the commercial centers harmonious with the surrounding properties and terrain. I 9. Areas of integrated land use should be provided where conditions justify. 10. Development of housing should be encouraged for all income ranges. I 11. Residential expansion should be directed toward non- agricultural lands . OBJECTIVE 12. General densities should be established on which to determine the size and To provide for ~0mmercial developments which are in accord with other land type of pub lie facilities needed for proper service. This will include uses and will c.., .. veniently and effectively serve the needs of the people. public schools located to serve residential areas based on population PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS : I expansions. 13. Professional offices should be considered as a compatible land use with 1. Commercial uses should be grouped within compact areas and the size of the I multi- family dJ.uellings . commercial uses geared to. the potential market. 14. Multiple family dJ.uellings should be considered where appropriate to con­ 2. Commercial areas should be developed on economic needs and justifications. centrate population rather than to indiscriminately spread residential areas into other land uses . J . The central business district of each urban center should be recognized as the dominant commercial and financial center for the surrounding trade I areas . The civic, cultural and entertainment activities should be 15. Residential neighborhoods should be secluded, but not isolated. located adjacent to the central business district.

16 . Residential growth should consider control of scenic areas, access, site 4. Wholesale storage and distribution areas and commercial terminals should I location, and other desirable features at all times . be located near major transportation facilities.

5. Tourist facilities should be provided and expanded where feasible , and where necessity for this type of service to the travelling public is I indicated. Commercial Land Use 6. To promote tourism through encouragement of resort facilities , both public I At the present time the major commercial centers, with one exception, are the and private. central business districts of the town and cities in the county. As the popula - ?. Strip commercial development should be discouraged. tion increases and the urban areas expand, new commercial centers based on the purchasing power and needs of the expanded population will develop. 8. Provisions should be made to retain or protect areas needed for future I commercial needs. If the population increases are near the present centers of population, the cen - tral business districts will remain the dominant business- and commercial areas. I The outlying centers, which would fulfill the everyday needs of the people in the vicinity, should have grouped facilities to avoid stringing commercial enter - I prises along circulation routes.

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9. Where appropriate provisions should be made for the following types of OBJECTIVE I commercial areas : To encourage industrial developments which are economic assets and compatible a. Neighborhood shopping areas . with the character of Monterey County and with surrounding land uses . I b. Community shopping areas. PRI NCIPLES AND STANDARDS :

c. Regional shopping areas . 1. I ndustry should be directed (J);)ay from highly productive agricultural lands and located in areas most $Uitable for industrial purposes . I d. Central business districts. 2. I ndustries should be encouraged to locate near urban centers, unless e . Highway service areas . safety factors are involved. I f . General retail service areas. 3. Every effort should be made to reserve industrial property to satisfy f uture demands . g. Wholesale and distributive areas . 4. Industries should be screened to assure corrrpatibility. I h. Professional offices. 5. The diversification of industry should be encouraged.

6. Tourism should be encouraged as part of the county ' s industrial develop­ Industrial Land Use ment. I

7. Sufficient harbor facilities should be developed for commercial and The requirements for industrial land uses are diversified because of the differ­ recreational fishing. ent classifications which may be considered industry. Agriculture traditionally I remains the leading industry in the county, while agriculturally related indus - 8. Industrial districts should be encouraged and selection of uses compatible to the area recommended. tries are of additional importance. No n -agriculturally related indus tries will move to Monterey County as the population increases and the labor pool be - 9. Planned industrial uses should be located in areas ad,jacent to major I comes larger. As indus trial areas in the San Francisco bay area, Santa Clara transportation facilities . Valley and in Southern California become more saturated, industry will look for new site s. The location of the county is advantageous for industry as it offers 10. Industrial centers should be dispersed so they will not be concentrated and thereby create congested traffic problems . I water, rail and highway transportation and is on a direct line between Los Angeles and San Francisco. With growth of industry there will be a new bal ­ 11 . Industries should be developed which do not create water, noise, or air ance of economy. pollution problems. I 12. Res.earch industries should give prime consideration to the Monterey Tourism, which is one of the major industries of the county, is based on natural Peninsula Area, where military and other technological facilities are s cenery and recreation. The future success of tourism will depend upon the l ocated. I projection of natural resources which is the responsibility of the cities, county Recreational Land Use and particularly the state and federal governments. Today 153 of the county is in state and federal forests and parks, with Los Padres National Forest com - prising a vast area for future recreational development. The trend has been for the cities to develop playgrounds and parks for their own I use. The county has limited its activities to participating on a matching basis In order to encourage continued development of the various types of industries with the state to acquire needed lands. While the county has shown an increas - it is not only necessary to provide for growth, but also for proper integration of ed interest in the last few years in the development of inland and regional I land use. With this in mind all industry should be planned and landscaped to be parks, the state and federal governments will probably continue to be the major compatible with surrounding properties and terrain. contributor to development of recreation areas as well as the individual cities. It is also expected that private enterprise will be encouraged to develop as many recreational facilities as possible. I I 4 I

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More parks and other forms of recreation will be required, not only to satisfy the I 8. The river areas which provide the best recreational at tractions should increased population, but also the increasing amount of leisure time. Pleasure be preserved. driving, which is a form of recreation, will increase with the greater numbers of automobiles and scenic highways. 9. Recreation should take advantage of multi-purpose land, such as reser­ I viors and flood plains.

By encouraging tourists and the continued development of recreational facilities, 10. Encourage the development of a system of scenic highways by establishing Monterey County could offer a playground which could continue to satisfy the special architectural site and landscape control and visual line control, I needs of its residents as well as visitors. The recreational facilities of the thereby preserving areas of outstanding scenic quality. county could also serve the needs of surrounding areas which will not or cannot provide their own. 11. Provisions should be made for adequate number of campsites, overnight I camping facilities, scenic turnouts and roadside rests. The national publicity which lias been given recreation, combined with the geo - 12. Provisions should be made for riding, hiking and bicycle trails on local graphical location and natural attributes of Monterey County forecast an 10 - as well as state wide programs . creasingly greater importance for all types of recreation in the county. I 13. Adequate facilities should be provided for conventions, fairs and other pub lie events.

OBJECTIVE 14. To meet the demands of future populations advantage should be taken of I prospective areas of sufficient size and location for parks, and other To reserve land for recreational facilities, encourage private recreational similar uses in proper locations . development and other open uses in categories characteristic and beneficial to the residents of Monterey County as well as to meet tourist needs today 15. The development of major recreational facilities to serve regional and I and in the future . state wide residents should be encouraged in the south part of Monterey County in addition to those proposed in other parts of the county . PRINCIPLES A.ND STANDARDS: 16. The development of major recreational and other re lated uses should be I 1. Provide for the orderly acquisition and development and control of a provided for by private enterprise, and at all governmental levels comprehensive recreation system for· Monterey County . including cities, the county, State and Federal agencies. 2. Recreational resources should be protected for the future as these 17. Encourage private recreational development as a supplemental program to I resources are largely irreplaceable natural assets. provide for recreational needs.

3. Encourage or provide recreational facilities and other open uses in Agricultural Land Use central locations near all living and working areas and in areas of I outstanding beauty sufficient to meet the varying needs of the people to be served. The highly productive agricultural lands occupy but 73 of the total land in the county, yet agriculture is the greatest single source of income. Not only is 4. Proper corronercial recreational uses should be encouraged to augment I public recreational programs, however board-walk or honky-tonk recrea­ agriculture important to the county, but to the state and to the nation. This is tional facilities should be avoided. made evident by the fact that Monterey County is first in the nation in the pro - duction of lettuce, artichokes and strawberries. 5. The sites for recreation should be evaluated to assure they have ma;r,imum I flexibility and adaptability to the constantly changing recreation needs The income from agriculture in 1967 was $199,094,860, which was an increase and interests. of $66,300,272 over the 1960 figure. There are approximately 150,000 acres of 6. The development of waterfront property should be encouraged for all prime irrigated land in the county and in addition there are thousands of acres I suitable types of recreational uses to meet the needs of local, regional of dry farmed as well as range and pasture land. Particularly outstanding is and state wide residents. the Salinas Valley, which contains the finest soil in the world, and is in the only area in the United States with a large level area of highly productive soils 7. The Monterey coastal area should provide harbors of refuge for recrea­ I tional as well as corronercial boating. as well as ocean fog which is so desirable for succulent vegetables. Due to the climatic conditions and the lack of weather extremes, vegetables may be I produced and marketed throughout the year.

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A total of 218,731 acres were zoned exclusively fo r agriculture by July, 1968; The rate of population increase in the future will increase the number of motor I of this area the maj or portion is in prime agricultural land. The continued in - vehicles privately and commercially owned, while the number of miles that the crease in population, the accompanying growth in industry, highways, and other individual automobile is driven each year will increase. The ratio of persons urban land uses is a continuing threat to the retention of agricultural land for per automobile is constantly decreasing; and with the added increase in com­ I agricultural purposes. With 100 to 150 acres of the county being urbanized mercial vehicles expanded by industrial and commercial uses, circulation will annually, the safeguarding of agricultural lands is as essential as the protec - become more complex. tion afforded other types of land use. I OBJECTIVE Recreation is expected to grow in popularity; and at present, it accounts for between 353 and 503 of all travel. To meet this increase in mobility, the To preserve and protect t he prime and productive agricultural lands and the major roads in the County will have to be enlarged in a manner that will not agricultural economy of Monterey County. impair natural beauty or destroy agricultural lands. I PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS : Major rights of way must be based on future population potential and projected 1. Prime agricultural l ands, wherever possible, should be separated and pro­ community design as well as the function expected of the facility. These I tected f r om ot her uses, and only t hose uses related to agriculture should future rights of way must be located and protected against likely development be located on prime agricultural lands. which might otherwise preclude their construction or increase the cost so as to 2. Agricult ural uses should be encouraged as a means of providing open space. be economically undesirable. I

3. Agricultural lands which are used for grazing and other purposes, although Airports must be protected as part of the intercounty circulation system as well not considered prime soils, should be given protection. as a major transportation media nationwide. The growing trend toward inter­ state ownership of land for the agricultural industry as well as other industries I 4. Prime agricultural land must be recognized as an equal to other major land is increasing the popularity of this means of travel. Airports must be integra - uses and given t he protection it deserves as a developed use . ted with good roads to provide efficient transportation. Although travel by rail has been declining in recent years, this, too, is an important traffic artery, es - I pecially for freight and long distance hauling and should be linked to other CIR CU LA TION ELEMENT modes of transportation for efficient service. Futher studies for other locations for regional airports, terminals and similar air transportation facilities should Monterey County will need adequate highways and freeways throughout the I be made as part of an Airport Master Plan. county to meet both internal and external needs. Consideration should be given to a new category of road which would consider both the right of way and land­ When a deep water harbor at Moss Landing is developed with highway and rail scape it traverses, as well as the protection of certain areas of historic and arteries to it, shipping of produce from Monterey County and raw materials to I scenic nature. These would be scenic ways or scenic highways. Monterey Monterey County will make this circulation link an important one for the county. County, except for a few minor exceptions, has a good basic road pattern. According to a study authorized by the State to determine road conditions in Current trends show no immediate need for a mass transit system other than the California, Monterey County had 1,257 miles of County roads in 1960, not in - I need for improved intra - urban facilities. However, the possibility of mass trans­ eluding State roads, In 1967 the County's total maintained road mileage was sit and inter- urban transit should be considered and provided for; and present 1,314 and there were 272.68 miles of State Highways. Of the 1,314 miles rights of way which might be outmoded should be retained for future possibilities. 507.49 miles were in the County Select Road System and 806.51 miles were I minor roads. OBJECTIVE To p l an a circulation system which will provide s af e , e fficient, and economic A good road pattern, well maintained, plays an important role in the economy of movement of people and goods, yet recognize , i ncorporate , and ret ain t he I the County. Industry, tourism, commerce, and agriculture must be adequately natural beauty of t he County. served for a healthy economtc climate. Each road from major to minor plays its part in establishing a safe and efficient network for the County. Without proper PRINCIPLES AND STA NDARDS : I direction, the roadways in many instances establish 1-and- use patterns and 1. The plan should coordinate all thoroughfares and r oads as well as all growth acceleration. types of cir culat ion facilities and t erminals in the Co unty, adjoining counties and states. I

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I The conservation of the natural landscape has continued to make the county a pleasant place in which to live as well as being a prime attraction for the tour­ 2. Thor>oughfares should expedite movement of traffic: and should be pmper>ly ists who travel great distances to visit its scenic and historic setting. These linked with loaal air>aulation faailities. areas of outstanding scenic quality should be given special consideration, and I in this way the aesthetic value s will become economic assets. 3. Highw_ayg ~ning . thr:o~h ar>eas having outstanding beauty, saenia qualities or> hi_stoY"l,.aal si.g"l;i.fi.aanae should be troated as saenia highways, and aons-z.._de_red as c:ri .i.ntegral par>t of the aor>Y'idor> thr>ough whiah they pass, Th e conservation of agricultural lands in the Salinas Valley is important to the I pr>ovi.di.ng sensi.ti.ve troatment for the r>oad and adjoining land as well. economy of the county . Although many of the urban areas in the Salinas Valley are located on agricultural lands, it is possible to have orderly expansion of 4. Consideration should be given to the following types of tr>anspor>tation urban areas wi th relatively small losses of agricultural lands. I faai li ties: a. Air> Terminals. Pr>ovision should be made for> the establishment of air> The conservation of the ocean resources off the coast of Monterey County is terminals and inter-aity air> faailities to keep abreast of futur>e of equal importance to any of the other natural assets of the county, if not oJ I developments as new aonaepts arise. greater importance. The ocean is and has been a prime attraction for tourists, it is and has been of great economic value to the county, it serves as a climatic b . Railr'oad and Railr>oad Temrinals . PY'Ovision should be made for> control, and it i s the greatest open space available a~ywhere. abandoned r>ail- lines to be retained for> futur>e r>apid tr>ansi t possi­ I bilities. a. Passenger> and Freight Highway Lines and Temrinals. OBJECTIVE

d. Por>ts for> Water> Faailities. 'J!ie aon~eroation of al~ natural ir>r>eplaaeable rosoUr>aes in Monteroy County and I i.ts envi.r>ons for> praati.aal purposes as well as for> r>ear>eational uses and the e . Passenger> Automobiles. preser>vation of its natur>al beauty. I f. Mass Tr>ansit Systems . PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS : 5. AU mads should be attraative as well as safe and effiaient. 1. Conseroation pr>ogr>ams should be developed at all gover>nmental levels.

6. Adequate road standards must be developed to meet all r>oad r>equiroments 2. Open spaae pr>ogr>ams should be expanded to pr>oteat the saenic vistas I based on potential use and volume . thr>oughout the aounty.

?. Futur>e rights of way must be loaated and pr>oteated. 3. The speataaular saenery of the Monter>ey aoastal area should be aonser>ved.

I 8. Consider>ation should be given to a air>aulation system whiah will pmvide 4. The Monterey County shorn line should be pY'Oteated wherever> possible for ar>teY'ials between rosidential areas and wor>k areas . the enjoyment of the public:.

9. AU air>aulation systems should be oriented and so designed to r>eaognize 5. AU sour>aes of water> pollution entering Monterey Bay fr>om Monteroy County I the aorronunity values of the ar>eas thr>ough whiah they pass. or other> outside areas should be aurtai led at their sourae. 10 . Ther>e shoul d be a balanae between living and wor>k aenter>s to minimize 6. Car>eful aontrol of all struatures along the oaean fr>ont and offshoro I aorronuting needs. should be maintained. ?. The aroas of outstar1ding historic, scenic and cultural heritage should be aonserved and pr>oteated. I 8. Land should be integr>ated with the r>oad to form saenia aor>Y'idor>s along CON SE RV ATION ELEMENT saenia highways.

The natural landscape of Monterey County has an economic value as well as 9. Outdoor> adver>tising should be r>estriated. I a scenic and aesthetic value, and these will increase in the years to come. 10 . Open type land uses suah as agY'iaultUr>al, gr>azing, or> water>shed ar>eas Natural resources are irreplaceable and should be preserved and protected should be enaour>aged. I wherever possible.

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11. Flood plains and watershed areas should be protected and wherever feasible 3. To encourage the government to retain open space on the perimeter of used for recreational purposes. military reservations and in other pub lie areas . I

12. Reservoir or water recreation reservoirs should be placed in the county to 4. To encourage the incorporation of open space in aU types of development, provide for water conservation, flood aontro l and multi-purpose recreation including residential, commercial and industrial. uses. I 5. To help retain the rural atmosphere of the county through the use of open 13. Foothi U streams and canyons are desirable water storage areas and should space. ultimately be planned for this use. 6. To retain agricultural lands for open space as weU as for economic I 14 . The importance of clean air to the people of the county, to agriculture, reasons . and to aU other uses should be considered a valuable asset and should be protected at all times. ?. To protect the ocean frontage by encouraging waterfront acquisition and restrictive development. I 15. High topographic area necessary for electronic sites should be conserved for that purpose. 8. To encourage open space through the clustering of development with passive and active recreational areas. I OPEN SPACE ELEMENT 9. To inventory and locate natural areas worthy of special consideration and attention. Open space in the county may be achieved in many different ways, from scenic 10. To establish open space patterns which will compliment the locations of I easement to outright dedication, and it is the diversification of usage that future developments . makes it most effective. The national forests provide broad expanses of open space, while the careful planning on a densely populated residential area may 11. To define and establish the use of primary flood plain areas as open space. provide a proportionate amount of open space for relief and contrast. Open I space may be used advantageously in conjunction with all types of land use as ECONOMIC ELEMENT well as unused land. In a county such as Monterey, where there is a desire to retain the natural beauty and rural atmosphere, knowledgeable application of I open space in planning is of utmost importance. If properly planned, it may be The principle factors in the economic growth of Monterey County are population used to advantage in school yards, parks, recreation areas, agricultural lands, and employment, while the major sources of income a re agriculture, manufactur­ scenic highways and other places. ing, military and tourism. I Agricultural lands afford a particularly advantageous method of providing large Although agricultural employment may decrease owing to greater efficiencies in areas of open space. They form desirable separation between towns and cities harvesting and processing, agriculture will continue to retain its economic im - in the Salinas Valley and are not only pleasant to view, but art: also economic portance. As the County's population increases more manufacturing activities I assets to the county. will locate in the County to serve new markets. Certain of these industries will produce goods and services for local consumption, while others will be basic Scenic highways should be regarded as scenic corridors, of which open space industries which produce goods for export markets. Basic industries develop I is an integral · part, and protective measures should be taken to safeguard the independently of service industries, attracting population and income to an area, natural attributes through which they pass. which in turn expands the local market.

OBJECTIVE The development of basic industries in an area increase both the population and I To retain the character and natural beauty of Monterey County by the preserva­ the income. However, economic growth in the County is not solely a function of tion and aontro l of open space. rhe expansion in basic industrial lines. Tourism will increase and continue to be an important economic factor as the state becomes more urbanized and de sir - I PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS: able recreation areas are less plentiful. Unless there is a change in military policy, military activity and employment will increase. The added population 1. To define natural urban areas of growth through the use of open space. growth will require additional county and municipal agencies. The increased I 2. To encourage recreational faai lities which wi U provide open space at aU population as well as visitors to the area will increase the number of people employed in the service industries. governmental levels. I 8 I I I

Economic growth will require changes in present land uses. It is important to the welfare of the residents and visitors to Monterey Coun ty I that these facilities be properly located and that their functions be in te gra ted The public control of land for conservation, recreation, military and o ther land with surrounding land uses. The needs for th ese facilities will increase with uses will continJe, along with the expansion of private land ownerships fo r growth and they should be anticipated as well as pro vided for to me et population I residential, commercial and industrial uses. In all cases development s hould expans10n. proceed in an orderly manner to avoid costly expansion which would place an OBJECTIVE additional tax burden on the residents of Monterey County. I To recognize the necessity for and to locate public facilities and public OBJECTIVE buildings in anticipation of increased development.

To maintain a sound economy on which Monterey County can continUE to prosper PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS : I and grow. Due to the detailed nature of public facilities and services, they are provid­ PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS: ed for and included in the more precise plans for specific areas of Monterey County rather than under the broader scope of the Monterey County General I 1. To provide a t ax str>ucture f avorable to agriculture, indus try, corronercial Plan. and residential growth. OCEAN RESOURCES ELEMENT 2. To ret ain agriculture as an important economic benefit to the County . I All of the coastal counties in California have an interest economically in the 3. To recognize and encourage tourism as an important economic factor. future use of the ocean and its environs. The Monterey County coast line and 4. To recognize the military as an important economic factor. the Monterey Peninsula however are unique in their environment and development I and it is these unique qualities that have established the potential of Monterey 5. To provide for planned expansion of existing urban areas to prevent unnec­ County as a major center for oceanographic science and industry. essary expenditures. First di scovered in 1602 by Viscaino and not settled upon until 150 years later, I 6. To encourage industry which is compatible and an economic asset to the County. Monterey Bay' s 22 mile length has been a focal point for California life and actlnty. The bay features both shallow depths and rocky shores, sand dune 7. To develop a plan based on sound economic principles. beaches, and steep marine canyons. These features are part of what has drawn attention to Monterey Bay as a marine laboratory. The Monterey Canyon has a length of 90 miles and a depth of 12,000 feet which makes it the more spectac - ular of the underwater canyons off the California Coast. While the sandy PUBLIC FACILITIES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS ELEMENT I beaches have been known primarily for recreation and commercial sand deposits, the tidal areas with rocks and shoals are famous fo r the variety and extent of sea life. Equal to the natural envi ronment is the variety of human activities Public facilities and public buildings are designed to serve existing and future carried on throughout the length of the bay shoreline. Some of these activifres populations, providing for the basic needs including sewerage, refuse disposal, I and uses are already proving to be detrimental to use of the bay for scientific drainage, rights of way, easements, community centers, public schools, librar­ purposes. ies, police and fire stations and other public buildings and utilities. Public I services and facilities and public buildings are included as elements of the Historically the ocean in Monterey Bay has meant fishing and shipping, the early State Planning Act. settlements in Monterey County having been supplied entirely by sea. Although fishing has declined markedly at this time shipping, boating, and mineral recovery I The public services, facilities and public buildings which are included as ele - are still sources of employment directly connected with the sea, as is research ments of the State Planning Act are generally located within urbanized areas. and education. Both directly and indirectly the ocean front i s the basis of the The services in the rural areas are provided for by such agencies as the State tourist and recreation industry as well as the magnet for much of the permanent and District Fire Departments, Federal or U.S. Forest Service and fire fighting population of the county. Military activity in the bay and ocean has been in - I facilities, Sheriff's office, sub- stations for police protection, and schools. creasingly important with offshore firing ranges and amphibious landing practice available. One of the greatest values of the marine location of the county is I its effect on agriculture and its influence on weather, water and soil.

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Throughout the length of Monterey County there is a vast difference in the topo - graphy of the county along the coa st. Starting at the mouth of the Pajaro River 2. Protect the shoreline and provide access to it as a valuahle open apace . I at the center of Monterey Bay which is the northerly extremity of Monterey County 3. Carefully control structures along the ocean front and offshore to protect the topography changes from broad sandy beaches to spectacular rocky headlands the beauty of the area. as it traverses southerly to San Luis Obispo County. Although 14% of Monterey I County lies in water areas, the largest portion of the population along the coast 4. Recognize the value of the ocean as a climate control to preserve the agri­ is found on the Monterey Peninsula from Marina to the Carmel Highlands. cultural economy . Further south the rugged topography does not lend itself to a high density of 5. Protect Monterey Bay from all sources of pollution either inside or outside I population. It is around the populated area of Monterey Bay that is found the of Monterey County . harbors, beaches and facilities that are the basis of the economic and scientific interest. Interest in oceanographic study in Monterey County is increasing to 6. Encourage oceanographic research in Monterey County . the extent that it is becoming a major activity in importance to the entire coastal I area. Presently engaged in oceanographic activity are the Hopkins Marine Station 7. Explore the possibilities of greater use of the bay and tidal areas as food sources. (Stanford University), the five California state colleges at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratory , the U.S. Navy, Stanford Re search Institute and the U.S. Army. 8. Protect the ecological balance in Monterey Bay and offshore waters. I As official interest in ocean research continues to increase it is anticipated that industrial firms will ·enter into further research and production, necessitating 9. Recognize that the ocean is a resource to be used for the benefit of the vessels and ocean side location. The proposed breakwater and pier to be con - people of Monterey County, but not for exploitation. I structed at the Monterey Harbor will increase potential for berthing of large 10. The development of waterfront property should be encouraged for all suit­ oceanographic ships. Also expanding activities is the U.S. Naval Postgraduate able types of recreational uses to meet the needs of local, regional and School. Interest in Monterey Bay as an ocean science center has been heightened state wide residents . by all these developments and the possibilities they hold for the future. I 11. The Monterey County coastal area should provide harbors of refuge for Moss Landing, located advantageously to the spectacular Monterey Canyon is recreational as well as corronercial boating. one of the few all - weather harbors along the Paci.fie Coast. It has been a 12 . Consider the ocean as a possible transportation route and provide ports I commercial fishing port for many years, has recreational mooring facilities, two for water facilities . of the largest industries in M:>nterey County and is recognized as having an excellent potential for all types of harbor oriented activities. Although the 13. Sufficient harbor facilities should be developed for corronercial and rec­ existing industries are located there for use of the water, Moss Landing is ideally reational fishing. I suited for non - water oriented industries as well. 14. Research industries should be encouraged t o consider t he Monte rey Bay area where military and other technological and oceanographic f acilities Wherever man has collected he has caused changes and frequently harm to the are located. I natural environment. The damage that man can do to beaches and harbors is readily visible to visitors of populated waterfronts. Urban areas generally pro - 15. Water oriented industries should be p lanned for t he greatest possib le use duce waste. Mismanaged resources can cause conflicts in use of land and water. without destroying the ocean environment or upsetting t he ecologi cal balance . The Monterey area is not an exception and moreover is in a location to receive I excesses from outside the area. Beyond the threat of pollution is the danger of conflicting uses which may or may not involve structures or fills that interfere with uses of water and the shoreline. Preserves may be necessary in order to I ensure all uses a place in the ocean environment. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES OBJECTIVE I Protection and conservation of the ocean environment. The geographic, political, social and economic considerations of our people and PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS : their experience of living are not the separate property of Monterey County. "No man is an island" is also true of cities and counties and many external 1. Recognize the importance of the spect acular scenery of the Mont erey County influences flow easily across our borders. I coast line as a tourist attraction. I 10 I I I

The external influences are products of sub - regional, regional, multi- regional Approximately 1,600 newcomers arrive in Californ ia daily. Of these, Monterey I or more distant areas. Influences considered in these terms form a more County receives over two dozen. At the tum of the next century, a projected comprehensive and effective frame of reference in planning for the people of 80 million people will live in California, of which over a million will reside in Monterey County. Monterey County. The new population coming into. the County will add new I influences, while regional additions will have varying degrees of influence. SUB- REGIONAL Although the San Francisco Bay region is not growing in numbers as rapidly as Southern California, because of its proximity, population pressures on Monterey County from that region will be greater than those from the south. San Jose, Monterey County is surrounded by Santa Cruz, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Kings I which is close to the borders of Monterey County, is an area iq particular which and Fresno Counties, all of which have a definite influence on this county. has expanded very rapidly. The city of Santa Cruz and the area of Santa Cruz County to the north has the I greatest sub- regional influence, sharing many common interests such as the Regional influences will be important because of the following factors: tourist business, State beaches, circulation, transportation, trading areas and of course Monterey Bay, which is the focal point of this section of central Recreation: Monterey County, a landscape park in its natural state, willprovide I California. Cabrillo College and the University of California at Santa Cruz add probably the most important recreation area for the leisure time activities of the to the cultural background of the Monterey Bay area. future regional population. San Antonio Dam and Nacimiento Dam offer regional facilities. as do the State Parks and Beaches. It is possible for Moss Landing I The city of San Luis Obispo in San Luis Obispo County may be considered the to provide in conjunction with a deep water harbor, a small craft harbor, and southern point of sub - regional influence at the present. port of refuge. The two main roads which traverse Monterey County, Highway # 1 and Highway Tourism: With the increase in leisure time, mobility, and income, regional visitors I #101, converge there. It is also the home of California Polytechnic College, from San Francisco, the San Joaquin Valley, and from Los Angeles will seek out which wields considerable influence on Monterey County, with many students Monterey County in even greater numbers than they do today. from this area in attendance. Other factors which are important influences on I Monterey County from San Luis Obispo County include the city of Paso Robles, Commercial: Monterey County will become a greater trading area in a regional which is the trading center for southern Monterey County; Hearst Castle; the sense than it is today. Salinas River, which has its headwaters in San Luis Obispo County, and the Nacimiento River which starts in Monterey County, flows into San Luis Obispo Industry: As industry in California expands, Monterey County will become a i1 County and returns to Monterey County at its junction with the Salinas River. more important link in the industrial centers of this region. During World War II, Camp San Luis Obispo and Camp Roberts played active roles in the southern part of Monterey County, but with the reduction in military Open Space: Conservation of agriculture, watershed areas, and integrated park I personnel, their importance declined. However, in the event of a major conflict systems will become more important in defining urban areas in the region and or a decided expansion of the military services, some of these areas could be providing open space. readily reactivated Water: California will expand its water conservation program with new aqueducts, and water preservation in Monterey County will be . important not only to the I The city of Hollister in San Benito County to the east and the surrounding rural County, but in the regional water supply program. population, while not great in number, relies on Monterey County as a trading area. The historical town of San Juan Bautista and Pinnacles National Park Transportation: Highway 101 will be used for regional traffic by the expanding I are both links in an overall park chain of great tourist interest. population as well as Scenic Highway 1. Air and rail facilities will develop to REGIONAL meet new demands as well as ocean shipping facilities at Moss Landing. This includes a regional airport to be considered in an area of the county sufficiently I The area of regional influence may be considered as extending from Los Angeles undeveloped to accommodate a major transportation facility. to the San Francisco Bay area, and east to the San Joaquin Valley. Residents of the interior valleys for many years have considered the Monterey Peninsula I as a vacation area to avoid their summer heat. The most important regional aspect is the increasing population and expansion which will bring pressures to Monterey I County from the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas.

I 11 I I MULTIREGIONAL - STATE - NATIONAL I Although the influences in this category are limitless, for the most part, they should be considered as state and national influences, with the consequent effect that they have on the social and economic structure of Monterey County. It is recognized today that the economy of Monterey County is based on agriculture, I tourism, the military and industry, all of which are dependent upon the economic status of California and the United States. I Agriculture: The agricultural economy of Monterey County is dependent upon the demand and prices for its products throughout the United States. While themarket for agriculture may be considered regional for some products, the actual market I is international in scope.

Tourism: The tourist industry is also dependent upon the stability of the nation. Although it is necessary to provide for regional tourism, it is a big business which I must consider a broader scope of influence. The tourists which visit Monterey County come from all parts of the United States and the world, and recessions as well as "good times• have a marked effect upon the County. I Military: Monterey County has been fortunate to retain the economic stability of the military. The decisions for the continuation or expansion of the military, however, is a program which is decided upon in Washington. I

Industry: Regional influences in California may place new industry in Monterey County. Most industry is based on an export market, which means that it is also I dependent upon the demands and the economy of the country. This is true of the major industries which are located here today and those that will locate here in the future. Throu8h increased industry, the harbor at Moss Landing is expected I to become a major facility.

OBJECTIVE

To recognize and plan for a unified regional environment, while remaining cog­ I nizant of all external factors affecting Monterey County. PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS: I 1. To encourage regional and other parks to provide recreation facilities and open space for the expanding population in California.

2. To provide a flexible general plan which will meet changes due to external I influences.

3. To prepare for population increases brought about by population expansion of urban areas outside of the County. I

4. To prepare for increased industrial activity due to external pressures and the geographical location of Monterey County. I 5. To recognize the importance of the state and national economy and its influence on Monterey County. I

12 I I -- 1 SANTA RITA AREA I COMMUNITY PLAN I - - 1· I I I I I ~. I \ !NORTH I ~[JM~ ~ I . PLAN I I MONTEltEY COUNTY Pt.AllNINS COMMl&SION I __,_ ci ~­ anrn-,-· Cl·-""­ I uaC"(llt-

I a - .. ... -~ I .·----- 11 I I 11 II I

I FUTURE OF MONTEREY COUNTY Geographically, Monterey County is typical of the State of California as a whole. It has a coastline, mountains, warm interior valleys, recreational and wilderness I areas all of which are similar to the state in general. The growth of the county has also been similar to the growth of the state as a whole. Where some portions of the county have increased very rapidly in population, the general growth pattern I has been a moderate but steady increase. This type of growth has given Monterey County a greater opportunity to guide its development than many areas of the state. The county has pioneered and I successfully administered conservation legislation such as agricultural zoning, billboard control, integrated lot size and open space zoning. It has facilities and resources for even greater opportunities now. It must meet the needs of both II present and future population as well as provide for the many visitors from other areas. The county has locations and room for urbanization while conserving its beauty. However, continued growth must be directed to protect and enhance 11 these intrinsic values of the county.

This Monterey County General Plan will provide a basic philosophy for future II development. It must not be interpreted as a document for exact implementation. However, all means of implementation of the plan should be investigated to I determine the best possible means of carrying out the spirit of the General Plan. The future success of Monterey County is based on imaginative, three dimensional I planning that can only be possible through flexible but carefully controlled measures.

It must be recognized that planning ideas do not stay the same ------it is a I continual process through the use of new concepts and new techniques. As the title indicates, this is a general rather than a detailed plan. To be effective it must be tolenntt of changing conditions and receptive to new concepts while at I the same time retaining its integrity of purpose.

The adoption of a General Plan does not guarantee the success of the plan, nor I will the plan materialize immediately. The success is brought about through decisions consistent with the objectives and goals of the General Plan.

Although the plan must be flexible and tolerant of changing conditions it cannot I be so pliable as to defeat its intent and purpose. This plan should be adopted and reviewed periodically to keep up to date ·with changing times and policies.

I Good planning is based on the day to day decisions of policy making which must be related to the plan if the plan is to be successful.

With this ¢iilosophy, the people of Monterey County, in partnership with those I who develop and change the appearance of the land, will keep Monterey County I one of the more enjoyable places in which to live.

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MONTEREY COUNTY BOARD OF SUP ER VISORS I Robert Wood, Chairman Arthur C. Atteridge Warren Church Loren Smith I Willard T. Branson ADVISORS I Administrative Officer Walter_S. Mansfield County Counsel William H. Scoffers County Clerk Emmet G. McMenamin I MONTEREY COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION

Perry Henderson, Chairman Dr. Edward Marcucci I Darrel Bengard Peter Cailotto Keith B. Evans Mrs. Nora C. Hare I Mrs. Minnie Prewitt Lawrence S. Clark Leon Stutzman I ADVISORY MEMBERS County Counsel Roy Anderson, Deputy I Road Commissioner Bruce McClain Assessor Donald Stewart Secretary E.W. DeMars I TECHNICAL STAFF

E. W. DeMars, Director Melvin Bakeman, Assistant Director I Bill Curry Ron Hall Rich;ud Arjo I PRODUCTION STAFF Fred Phillips Beth MacGowan I Claire Imeson I I I I CIRCULATION MONTEREY COUNTY 1969 AND PROPOSED

A GOOO, WELL MAINTAI NED AND PLANNED ROAD PATTERN SERVING INDUSTRY, THE PURPOSE OF THESE STUDIES WAS TO HAKE AVAi L- TOURISM, COMMERCE ANO AGR I CULTURE PLAYS AN I MPORTANT PART IN THE ABLE TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE A REPORT SHOW! NG THE NUMBER OF HI LES ECONOMY OF MONTEREY COUNTY. THE PLAN FOR ROAD Cl RCULATI ON REFLECTS OF DEFICIENT ROADS IN THE CI TIES AND COUNTIES AND THE AMOUNT OF THE COMBINED PLANNING ELEME NTS OF FEDERAL, STATE ANO COUNTY AGENCIES. MONIES NEEDED TO ALLEVIATE THESE DEFICIENCIES. THIS REVENUE IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE CIT I ES AND THE COUNTIES TO BE USED ON SEtECT STATE HI GHWAY IO I I S A MAJOR HIGHWAY BETWEEN LOS ANG ELES AND SAN ROAD PROJECTS ONLY. FRANCISCO WHICH RUNS NORTH ANO SOUTH THE LENGTH OF MONTEREY COUNTY. ··:!l..__ OTHER HEAVILY TRAVELLED STATE ROUTES INCLUDE STATE SCENIC HIGHWAY 68 MONTEREY COUNTY HAS AN OUTSTANDING SELECT ROAD SYS TEM AS A RESULT CONNECTING THE MONTEREY PENINSULA ANO THE SALINAS VALLEY AND THE OF THESE PREVIOUS STUDIES, ANO ONE WHICH CAN BE EXPANDED FOR FUTURE NORTHERN PART OF STATE HIGHWAY I LEADING INTO SANTA CRUZ COUNTY . TRAFFIC NEEDS. THE COUNTY'S SELECT ROAD SYSTEM IS LISTED UNDER THREE CATEGORIES' MAJOR ARTERIALS, 324 HILES; COLLECTOR ROADS 189 IN ADDI Tl ON TO STANDARD FREEWAYS AND MAJOR ROADS, Cl RCULAT I ON ROUTES HILES; ANO MINOR ROADS, 798 HILES. THIS COMPRISES TH E TOTAL MAIN­ "' WITH OUTSTANDING SCENIC QUALITIES ARE DESIGNATED AS SCENIC HIGHWAYS TAINED COUNTY MILEAGE OF 13 11 HILES. TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE CALIFORNIA'S SCENIC BEAUTY. IN 1937, HIGHWAY < I WAS COMPLETED ALONG THE COAST OF MONTEREY COUNTY FROM SOUTH OF MONTEREY BAY AT ONE TIME WAS A BUSY SEAPORT, BUT ITS IHPORTA~CE AS A ~ - - CARMEL TO SAN LUIS OB I SPO COUNTY AND IN 1965 IT WAS DESIGNATED THE HARBOR FOR COMMERCE HAS DECREASED ANO ITS TRAFFIC HAS BEEN REDUCED TO .\..._. . ,c;,, FI RST STATE SCENIC HIGHWAY IN CALIFORNIA. THE SALINAS-MONTEREY HIGH- FISHING BOATS AND PLEASURE CRAFT. WAY, AS SCENIC 68, BECAME AN OFFICIAL STATE HIGHWAY IN 1968 WHILE THE LAURELES GRADE ROAD BECAME THE Fl RST OFFI Cl ALLY DESIGNATED COMMERCIAL AIR TRAVEL IS PROVIDED BY THE MONTEREY PENINSULA AIRPORT. COUNTY SCENIC HIGHWAY IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT AS NEW CONCEPTS ANO DEMANDS AR I SE, ADDITIONAL PACIFIC GROVE AIR TERMINALS WILL BE ESTABLISHED IN THE COUNTY. SALINAS AND KING '\.. THE PRESENT SELECT ROAD SYSTEM OF THE COUNTY I S AN OUTGROWTH OF CI TY AI RPORTS ARE ALSO IMPORTANT FOR FREIGHT, CHARTER, OUSTING, AND PREVIOUS STUDIES CONDUCTED BY THE COUNTY ROAD DEPARTMENT IN CONJUNC ­ PR I VATE PLANES. RAIL TRAVEL IN MONrEREY COUNTY IS CENTERED AROUND TION WITH THE DIVI SION OF HIGHWAYS . THE FIRS T MAJOR STUDY WAS THE THE HAIN LINE OF THE SOUTHERN PACI Fl C RAI LROAO WHICH RUNS THE LENGTH S.C.R. 62 DEFICIENCY REPORT COMPLETED IN 1959 , WHICH CONSISTED OF OF THE COUNTY IN THE SALI NAS VALLEY, WITH A BRANCH LI NE TO MONTEREY. j AN ANALYSIS ANO AUD I T OF EXISTING ROAD DEFIC I ENCY ANO A PROJECTION OF COUNTY ROAD NEEDS TO THE YEAR 1980. THIS, IN A SENS E, WAS THE ALTHOUGH CURRENT TRENDS DO NOT INDICATE AN IMMEDIATE NEED FOR A COUNTY'S FIRST MASTER PLAN OF ROADS. RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM, SOME TIME I N THE NEAR FUTURE THERE MAY BE A NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTER-URBAN SYSTEM TO SERVE THE THE COLLIER-UNRUH LOCAL TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1963, OR VARIOUS INCORPORATED AND UNINCORPORATED AREAS OF THE COUNTY. THE 2156 DEFICIENCY STUDY, WAS HANDLED IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO THE S.C.R. 62 STUDY.

LEGEND FREEWAY MAJOR ROAD SCENIC MINOR ••••••INDICATES SCENIC • • • • • • INDICATES SCENIC J(, AIRPORT FXISTING FREEWAY EXISTING MAJOR ROAD : : : : : EXISTING

~ PROPOSED FREEWAY PROPOSED MAJOR ROAD •••••PROPOSED STATE ROUTE EXISTING ALIGNMENT EXISTING ALIGNMENT 0 -RAILROAD PROPOSED FREEWAY PROPOSED MAJOR ROAD ~ · U.S. ROUTE =-== ..-;, 0 NEW ALIGNMENT NEW ALIGNMENT r ~ ·?

~ .. ·'1... ·-:: ..~ .. ··.· ;t ... -!' I f ( \":l J-' ·.· ) ·...· . .. ..

SCALE IN MILES

0 I 2 3 4 °!5 6 f -CAMP ROBERTS BRA?~~C ] ,.J l .· .···

~ MONTEREY COUNTY GEOGRAPHY

LOCATION ~

LATITUDE 36-40 LONGITUDE 121-37. MONTEREY COUNTY IS ORIENTED NORTH- THE SALINAS VALLEY IS LOCATED BET\JEEN THE GABI lAN RANGE ON THE EAST WEST - SOUTHEAST, PARALLEL TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. BOUNDARIES ' ANO THE HORE HOIST AND HORE RUGGED SANTA LUCI A HOU~AI N RANGE ON THE NORTH' SANTA CRUZ COUNTY. SOUTH ' SAN LUIS OB I SPO COUNTY. EAST' SAN WEST. THE VALLEY HAS ABOUT 640 ,000 ACRES OF BROAD BOTTOM LAND, IT BENITO, KINGS, FRESNO COUNTIES. WEST' PACIFIC OCEAN. IS TEN TO T\JENTY HILES WIDE, ANO APPROXIMATELY 130 HILES LONG, WITH A fl FTEEN Ml LE WI DE PLAIN NEAR THE MOUTH AT MONTEREY BAY . ELEVATION THE CARMEL VALLEY, WHICH EXTENDS FROM CARMEL BAY 13 HILES INLAND, 0 TO 5,844 FEET. SEA LEVEL TO 5,844 FEET AT JUHi PERO .SERRA PEAK, VARIES IN WIDTH AND CONSTITUTES 25,000 ACRES OF RESIDENTIAL AGRI­ WHICH IS LOCATED TWELVE HILES INLAND IN THE SANTA LUCIA RANGE. CULTURAL LANO.

RIVERS ~ AVERAGE TEMPERATURE 56°, AVERAGE RAINFALL 14.15 INCHES. MONTEREY THE SALINAS RIVER IS 155 MILES IN LENGTH AND THE LARGEST SUBMERGED COUNTY IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE COLDER AREAS OF THE NORT!i COAST OF STREAM IN AMERICA. IT ROUGHLY BISECTS THE COUNTV, RUNNING FROH SAN CALIFORNIA ANO THE WARMER SOUTHERN CLIMATE. APPROXIMATELY 90% OF LUIS OBISPO COUtHY THROUGH MONTEREY COUNTY' ANO TERMINATING NEAR HOSS ANNUAL RAINFALL OCCURS BETWEEN NOVEMBER I AND APRIL 30. MEASURABLE LANDING lflTO MONTEREY BAY. THE PRINCIPAL TRIBUTARIES ARE THE PRECIPITATION AVERAGES 51 DAYS A YEAR. AVERAGE LENGTH OF GROWING ARROYO SECO, NACIHIENTO AND SAN ANTONIO, WHICH CATCH THE HIGH RAIN­ SEASON, 235 DAYS. FALL FROM THE SANTA LUCIA HOUNTAINS, ANO THE SAN LORENZO WHICH FLOIJS FROH THE GABILAN MOUNTAINS. TOTAL AREA THE CARMEL RIVER nows FROM HEADWATERS IN THE SANTA LUCIA HOUNTAINS 2,127,360 ACRES OR 3,324 SQUARE HILES, INCLUDING 1,900 ACRES OF THE LENGTH OF THE CARMEL VALLEY ANO TERMINATES IN CARMEL BAY. INLAND WATER, APP ROXI HATE LY 100 HI LES OF THE 840 HI LES OF CALI FOR- NI A COASTLINE. AVERAGE WIDTH' 30 HILES. THE PAJARO RIVER FORMS THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE COUNTY, FLOWING INTO HONTEREY BAY AT ZHUOOWSKI STATE PARK. MOUNT Al NS NATURAL RESOURCES THE SANTA LUCI A RANGE IS THE WESTERN BORDER OF THE COUNTY. THE MOUNTAINS RISE ABRUPTLY FROM THE PACIFIC OCEAN WITH HUNDREDS OF TIMBER: HEAVY TREE GRO\JTH IS LIMITED TO TliE WESTERN SLOPES OF THE SHARP PEAKS, SOME EXCEEDING 5,000 FEET . THE WESTERN SLOPES, CONTAIN COUNTY . THERE ARE 16,000 ACRES OF COMMERCIAL FOREST PRIVATELY OWNED THE HOST SOUTHERLY GROVES OF REDWOODS ON THE PACIFIC COAST, WHILE ANO 5,000 ACRES PUBLICLY OIJNED. REO\.JOOO, OAK, EUCALYPTUS AND PINE FOOTHILLS WITH CHAPARRAL ANO OAKS FORM THE EASTERN VALLEY SI OE. ARE FOUND IN THE COUNTY. THE MONTEREY PENINSULA HAS FOUR CONE BEAR- ING TREES PECULIAR TD THE AREA: THE MONTEREY PINE, BISHOP PltiE, THE GABI LAN AND DI ABLO RANGES ARE THE EASTERN BORDER OF THE COUNTY, MONTEREY CYPRESS, AND GWAN CYPRESS. SEPAAATING THE SALINAS VALLEY FROM THE INTERIOR VALLEYS. WAT6R CONSERVATI OH

THE MAJOR FLOOD CONTROL AND WATER CONSERVATION EFFORT FOR MONTEREY THE ENTRANCE TO TliE BAY IS SLIGHTLY OVER 19 HILES IN LENGTH. THE COUNTY IS THE COMPLEX FORMED BY TliE NACIHIENTO AND SAN ANTONIO RES­ GREATEST LENGTH IS APPROXIMATELY 22-1/2 HILES AND THE WIDEST POINT ERVOIRS LOCATED HEAR THE MONTEREY-SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY LINE. THE ABOUT 9 HILES. ALTHOUGH HOST OF THE BAY IS RELATIVELY SHALLOW WITH TWO TRIBUTARIES OF THE SALINAS RI VER THROUGH THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DEPTHS NOT OVER JOO TO )60 FEET, THE LARGEST SUBMARINE CANYON ALONG FLOOD CONTROL DAMS HAVE PROVI OED WATER STORAGE AND RECREATION POTEH­ THE CALIFORNIA COAST FORMS A TRENCH IN THE FLOOR AND REACHES A DEPTH Tl AL OF IMMENSE PROPORTIONS FOR THE SALINAS VALLEY ANO SURROUNDING OF ABOUT 3,000 FEET BELOW SEA LEVEL AT THE ENTRANCE TO MONTEREY BAY. AREA. MONTEREY COUNTY HISTORICAL

THE EARLi EST ACCOUNT OF MONTEREY COUNTY DATES BACK TO THE YEAR 15J.i2, THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 20 STRUCTURES BU I LT IN THE 11 SPAN I SH PERIOD 11 11 11 WHEN JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO, A PORTUGUESE SAILING FOR SPA I N, BR I EFLY AND APPROXIMATELY 11 EXAMPLES REMAINING OF THE MEX I CAN PER I 00 , 11 11 VIS I TED MONT EREY BAY AND CLAIHED tT IN THE NAME OF GOD ANO PHILLIP WITH 6 FINE EXAMPLES OF EARLY "AMERICAN PERIOD • 11 11 • HE ALSD NAME D THE SHALL PROJECTION AT THE SOUTHERN ENO OF THE BAY 11 PUNTA DE LOS PlNOS 11 (THE POINT OF THE PINES) . THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY THERE ARE PLACES OF HISTORIC AND SCENIC INTER­ EST WHICH REFLECT MUCH OF THE FULL HISTORY Of MONTEREY COUNTY . A THE NEXT RECORDED VI SI T WAS I N 1602 WHEN ANOTHER SPANISH SH I P SAILED LIVING REM I NDER OF THE HISTORY AND HER I TAGE ARE THE SPAN I SH NAMES t NTO MON TE REY BAY. TH I S Tl HE A LAN 01 NG PARTY LED BY SEBASTIAN THAT ARE A LEGACY Of THE SPANISH AND MEX l ~AN PERIODS . MANY ARE TIED VIZCAINO CAME ASHORE AND CLAIMED THE LAND FOR SPAIN, NAM ING lT AFTER IN CLOSELY WITH THE RANCHOS THAT WERE GRANTED TO THE EAR LY CALI FOR­ THE CONDE OE MONTEREY (THE COUNT OF MONTEREY). NIANS BY THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT AND LATER CONF I RMED BY THE UN I TED STATES. IN 1770, SOME 168 YEARS LATER , PORTOLA ANO FATHER SERRA, WITH A SHALL BAND OF MEN, TRAVELED OVERLAND FROM SAN DIEGO TO MONTEREY. THI!: PLACES OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ESTABLISHMENT OF TH E PRESIDIO IN WHAT IS NOW THE C1TY OF MONTEREY, AND THE MISS I ON SAN CARLOS BORROMEO DE CARMELO NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE THE INDIANS. A CAVE WITH PRIMITIVE INDIAN PAINTINGS. CARMEL RIVER, STARTED THE ERA OF HISTORY WHICH I S KNOWN AS THE MONTEREY PRESIDIO . SPANISH FORT AND SETTLEMENT FOLLOWING THE FOUND­ 11 SPANlSH PER l 0011 OF ALTA CALIFORNIA . IN 1771 THE MI SSION SAN ING OF SAN CARLOS MISSION IN MONTEREY JN 1770. ANTONIO WAS ESTABLISHED, ANO IN 1791 THE MISSION SOLEDAD. BY 1795 SLATES HOT SPRINGS, TASSAJARA SPRINGS, AND PARAISO SPRINGS. THREE TH&RE WERE HALF A DOZEN LARGE RANCHOS WHICH WERE THE FIRST REAL HOT SPRINGS USED BY THE INDIANS, PADRES AND SUBDIVISIONS OF LAND IN MONTEREY COUNTY. EARLY TOURISTS. LOS COCHES ADOBE 184). STAGE STOP 1848 - 1868. ME'XlC0 1 S SECESSION FROM SPAIN ltl 1821 MARKED THE END OF THE 11 SPANISH NATIVIDAD BATTLEFIELD 1846. LOCATION OF BATTLE DURING THE REVOLT 1 11 11 PERIOD' AND STARTED THE ERA KNOWN AS THE MEXlCAN PERIOD • DURING OF THE CAL I FORNI ANS AGAINST OCCUPATION OF THE THIS TIME THE PADRES WERE DRIVEN FROM THEIR MI SSION PRECINCTS AND AMERICANS. MI SSION PROPERTIES WERE PLUNDERED. MOSS LANDING WHALING STATION. ONE OF THE CHIEF INDUSTRIES ON THE COAST FOR NEARLY 35 YEARS. ENDED IN 1888. BY 1845 THE RELATIONSH I P BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES ANO MEXICO WAS CASTROVILLE, SALINAS CITY, SANTA RITA, SOLEDAD AND GONZA LES. TOWNS STRAINED, ANO ON JULY 7, 1846, THE TERRITORY BECAHE A PART OF THE OF THE LATER 188o·s-.-- - - - UNITED STATES. COMMODORE SLOAT TOOK POSSESSION OF MONTEREY; THE HlLLTO\.IN, SPRINGTOIJN, TUCHO, BLANCO, CHUALAR, JAMESBURG, NATI VIDAD, MEX I CAN FLAG WAS LOWERED FROM THE CUSTOM HOUSE AND THE AMERICAN FLAG ----ANOP'ti.CIFTCGR'OVE~T. COHMUN I T I ~ WAS RA I SEO IN ITS PLACE. THE Cl TY Of MONTEREY SERVED FOR A FEW LATER 188o•s. PACIFIC GROVE RETREAT BEGAN AS A WEEKS AS THE fl RST TERRITORI Al CAP I TAL UNT I l A NEW ONE WAS ESTAB ­ CAMPGROUND: A FERRY \./AS LOCATED AT HILLTOWN. ll SHED IN SAN JOS E. NOTLEYS LANDING. LOGGING FACILITY IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY. POINT LOBOS. EARLY WHALING STATION. I N TH E CITY Of MONTEREY THERE ARE SOME FORTY EXAMPLES Of EARLY CALI­ LOS BURROS MINING DI STRICT. 1876. FORNIA ARCHITECTURE REMA I NING, ANO THESE HAVE BEEN CLASS I FIED I NTO HOTEL DEL MONTE 1880. QUEEN Of AMERICAN RESORT HOTELS . THE VAR I OUS ERAS Of HISTORY IN WHICH THEY WERE CONSTRUCTED.

LEGEND -LAND GRANTS --- STAGECOACH ROUTE -·-·- SHIPPING LANE ~STAGECOACH STOP RAILROAD

NOTE ' EXISTING ROADS ARE SHOWN FOR SAN J(l;E AND La> ANGELES STAGE LINE THE PURPOSE OF LOCATING HISTOR­ M. WELLS lilHlTLOCK, Agent IC POINTS OF INTEREST. \ SAN JOSE TO LOS ANGE LES - Monday , Wednesday, and Fri.day PO INT SUR STATIONS Time Distance Fare LIG HTHOUSE \ San Jose ...... Leave 10 . 30 a.m. Nati·vidad ...... Leave 6. 30 p.m. 52 $ 4 50 Bum's ...... Leave 8 p.m. 62 6 00 Salinas ...... • ••...... Leave 11 p.m. 82 8 00 Cock's ...... •...... Leave 2 a.m. 108 11 00 J olone ...... ·...... Leave 4 a . m. 120 12 00 \ Plieto ...... Leave 7 a.m. 132 14 00 Hot Springs ...... Leave 12 166 16 00 San Luis Obispo . . ... 2d day ...... 190 18 00 Foxen's ...... 240 19 00 Santa Inez • ...... Leave 4 p.m. 265 20 00 Santa Barbara ...... 3d day 310 20 00 San Buenaventura ...... 23 00 La.s Posis ...... 25 00 ~ ~ (">·~ Mountain Station ...... • . . 26 00 Lone Station ...... 27 00 Los Ange les ...... 28 00 "" -~LAT ES HOT SPRINGS ......

SCALE lN MILES 0 \ \ \ \

\ ···---:(pS""" .. _L 'ObiJ'pa-·-- ·-----··· -----·· LAND USE MONTEREY COUNTY 1968

THE MAP SHOWS ONLY GENERAL LAND USES FOR THE 2,127,360 ACRES 1N CONSERVATION RESIDENT I AL MONTEREY COUNTY AND DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO SHOW LANO USE I N DETA IL OR DELINEATE IT WITHIN URBAN AREAS. THE FOLLOWING IS A DESCR I P­ CONSERVATION RESIDEtITIAL AREAS ALLOW RESIDENT I AL DEVELOPMENT WHILE TION OF THE GENERAL LAND USES WHICH ARE SHOWN ON THE MAP: STI LL RETAINING THE NATURAL SETTING ANO ATMOSPHERE. SPECIAL TREAT­ " F'REMONT PEAK MENT AND DESIGN ARE ENCOURAGED TO INSURE THAT DEVELOPMENT WI LL NOT DEPRIVE THE COUNTY OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES THAT ARE VALUABLE TODAY "\ STATE PARK URBAN LANO USE AND 1 RREPLACEABLE I N THE FUTURE. THE URB.AN AREAS, WHICH OCCUPY ONLY 1% OF THE COUNTY, INCLUDE ~' !""\.._ . WILDLIFE , GRAZING ANO WATERSHtD INCORPORATED CITIES ANO UNINCORPORATED AREAS OF CONCENTRATED DEVELOPMENT. THEY ARE MA IN LY LOCATED 1N THE NORTHERN PART OF CONSERVATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF LANO USE POLI Cl ES ARE AN ESSENTIAL THE COUNTY, CENTERING AROUND SALINAS ANO THE MONTEREY PENINSULA . PART OF PLANNING FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE COUNTY'S GRAZING LANDS, FORESTS, WATERSHEDS ANO WI LOLI FE PRESERVES. THE PRESERVATION AND ~ AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION OF THE COUNTY'S WATER SUPPLY I S IMPORTANT TO THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTY, ANO AT PRESEN T THERE ARE Fl VE FLOOD CONTROL AGRI CULTURE, WHJCH OCCUP I ES 7% OF THE TOTAL LANO AREA, IS THE MQ.ST ~ .. AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTR I CTS WI TH I N THE COUNTY. IMPORTANT BASIC ECONOMY OF THE COUNTY. MONTEREY COUNTY IS FI RST IN \ __ ··.Cr> THE NATION I N THE PRODUCTION OF LETTUCE, STRAWBERRIES AND ARTICHOKES. PARKS AND RECREAT I ON

RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL RES I DENT! Al MONTEREY COUNTY I S ONE OF THE NATION'S LEADING AREAS FOR YEAR AROUND RECREATION. THE FAVORABLE Cll MATE AND UNSURPASSED SCENIC BEAUTY HAS ... THE AREAS IN THIS CATEGORY ARE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS ON LARGE LOTS CONTRIBUTED TO THE POPULAR ITY OF THE COUNTY AS A RECREATIONAL AREA . \ OR AGRICULTURAL PLOTS. THE COMB I NATION OF AGRICULTURAL USES _\.{ITH INCLUDED WITHIN THE COUNTY ARE TEN STATE PARKS, AS WELL AS NUMEROUS LOW RES l DENT I Al DENSITIES ENCOURAGES THE RETEIH I ON OF A RURAL ATMOS­ COUNTY ANO CITY PARKS AND BEACHES. PHERE , WHICH IS A DESIRED CHARACTERISTIC OF THE COUNTY. ~ J MI LIT ARY LAN OS TRADIT I ONALLY , INDUSTRY HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH AGRICU LTU RE IN THE 198,890 ACRES OR 9% OF THE COUNTY IS UNDER MILITARY OWNERSHIP. FORM OF PROCESSING ANO MANUFACTURING FOOD PRODUCTS. WI TH THE EXCE P- Ml l 1TARY INSTALLATIONS AND RESERVES t NC LU OE THE FOLLOW I NG: FORT ORD, TION OF A HEAVY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AT MOSS LANDING, THE MAJOR PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, CAMP ROBERlS INDUSTR I AL AREAS IN THE COUNTY ARE LOCATED IN THE PROXIM ITY OF THE (PARTIALLY IN SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY), HUNTER LIGGETT MILITARY RES­ INCORPORATED CIT IES OF SEAS I DE, SALI NAS, GONZALES, KING CITY, ERVATION, MONTEREY NAVAL AIR FACILITY, POINT SUR NAVAL FACILITY ANO SO LE DAD ANO GREENFIELD. OF SIGNIF I CANCE IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE THE U. S . COAST GUARD STATION IN MONTEREY. COUNTY ARE 25 SQUARE Ml LES OF 01 L Fl ELOS NEAR SAN ARDD.

LEGEND RURAL FREEWAY MILITARY ~ ~~~;TRIAL I: ~.:: l RESIDENTIAL MAJOR ROAD PRIME FEDERAL LAND URBAN AREA AIRPORT Ill AGRICULTURAL l??;j IX.I RAILROAD

SEE RECREATION MAP FOR STATE PARK LOCATIONS. GINERAL LOCATION MAP NACIMIENrrJ·SAN ANTONIO RESERVOIRS

DISTRICT PROPERTY

:--···~ 1 r :·--·-v.:···;

N ··· ~ /

SCALE IN MILES (L1 ·®2 3 4 !I 6 \

~~ '\, ... '0:6~ ···---···---···...,...---,,..-._,... ---···__j_ POPULATION PAJARO MONTEREY COUNTY

HONTEREY COUNTY HAS NOT BEEN AFFECTED WITH POPULATION PRESSURES AND APRI l I, 1960 HARCH I , 1966 THE URBAN SPRAWL EXPERIENCED IN OTHER COUNTIES IN CALIFORNIA. THE CENSUS COUNTY DIVISION U.S. CENSUS SPECIAL CENSUS CASTROVILLE COUNTY, DURING ITS 196 YEARS OF URBANIZATION, HAS DEVELOPED AT A RATHER LEISURELY PACE. SINCE HOST OF THE COUNTY IS UNPOPULATED, THE SEAS I DE 19. 3S3 20,917 RURAL LANDS HAVE REHAINED UNTOUCHED BY EXTENSIVE DEVELOPHENTS. MONTEREY 22 ,618 IS .~36 PACIFIC GROVE 12, 121 12 ,208 FORT ORD EARLY CENSUS RECORDS SHOii THAT THERE WERE 1,872 RESIDENTS IN MONTEREY PENINSULA S, IDS 6 ,S41 HONTEREY COUNTY IN I 8SO, AND THAT BY 1890 THE POPULATI OH HAD CARHEL 13 ,482 14 ,S96 INCREASED TD 18,637 PERSONS. AT THAT TIHE APPROXIHATELY 62% OF THE CARMEL VALLEY 2 ,SS2 2. 76S POPULATION RES I OED NORTH OF GONZALES, AND 34% LIVED IN GONZALES AND COASTAL 6S9 74' SEASIDE SOUTH HOH TE REY COUNTY. CASTROVI llf s. 786 6 ,S04 FORT ORO 32. 72 3 39,SSB HONTEREY COUHTY FELT SOHE POPULATION INCREASE BETWEEN 1920 ANO 1940, PAJARO 6 ,000 6 .ass BUT NOT AS SIZEABLE AS DURING WORLD WAR 11 AND THE YEARS TO FOLLO\I. SAN JUAN 6 ,237 7 ,965 TO 1960 CENSUS RECORDED 198,3SI PERSONS RESIDING IN THE COUNTY lllTH SAL I HAS 28,9S7 s2,207 THE GREATEST POPULATION DENSITY IN THE PENINSULA AREA AND THE CITY All SAL 17 ,020 712 OF SALi NAS. BLANCO SPRECKELS I ,893 I, 146 TORO 2 ,001 2 ,692 PACIFIC GROVE THERE ARE HANY VARIABLES USED IN PREDICTING FUTURE POPULATIONS, AND GONZALES 7. 779 7 ,432 ANY DEV I AT I ON CAN CHANGE AND 0 IS RUPT TRENDS. HON TE REY COUNTY IS SOLE DAO l.976 s ,OS4 GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATED BETWEEN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION AND THE GREENFIELD 3,S48 3.S77 LOS ANGELES REGION, THE TWO HOST IHPORTANT IHPACT AREAS IN CALI- KING CITY • ,839 5 ,087 MONTEREY PENINSULA FORNIA. IT IS ENTIRELY POSSIBLE THAT WITHIN THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS SAN AROO ~ ---3....E2. GREENFIELD THE COUNTY COULD EXPERIENCE AN ACCELERATED RATE OF GROWTH FAR EXCEEDING THE BOLDEST POPULATION ESTIHATES. IT HAS BEEN ESTIHATEO TOT Al POPULATION 198,3S I 224,316 Del Monte PropertiH THAT THERE WILL BE APPROXIHATELY S00,000 PE"RSONS RESIDING IN HONTE­ REY COUNTY IN 1985. THE CALI FORNI A STATE DEPT. OF FINANCE ES Tl HATES MONTEREY COUNTY'S IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT THE MAJORITY OF THE COUNTY'S LANO WILL BE POPULATION AT 246,100 (JULY I, 1967 PROVISIONAL ESTIMATE). THIS RETAINED FDR AGRICULTURAL USE, GRAZING LAND, AND FORESTRY IN THE REPRESENTS 1.26~ OF THE DEPARTMENT'S ESTIMATE OF 19,595,000 NEXT Fl FTEEN Y&ARS, AND THAT HOST OF THE CONCENTRATION Of URBANI· PERSONS RESIDING IN THE STATE. ZATION Will TAKE PLACE IN AND AROUND THE MONTEREY PENINSULA ANO THE CARMEL SALi HAS AREA.

LINE OF CENSUS ~ POPULATION CARMEL VALLEY LEGEND --COUNTY DIVISION ~AREAS

COASTAL ~

KING CITY 0 ~ : ;

0 ~~ ~ '-----·------\---1 MONTEREY COUNTY POPULATION ESTIMATES ~ ~. 1850- 1985

NOTE • Son Benito County wa1 ..porottd ~ -41 from Mont1rty County In 1872 , "EFEREHCE• U. S Bur.au of the C1nsu1 ~ i Monl1r1y County Plonnin9 Deportment 0 ~. :__ j ~ - ~l. I 2 ~ ~r---- .... _ r----,,-l SAN ARDO ~ /L/ ~,. ~------L ___ j l __ .;··-r (L_ NATIONAL '""-~ :!'... !l ' -l:\..{~l '. ''1 ..._.._,~...,,,... \ g

·li-... ~

0 ~ .·. !I~ ~d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ; ..m ~~f{, / -~- ~-.; SCAL.£ IN Mll.U r; ~- 0 I 2 3 4 ' • ··-~/cAlll'1 .,! r i ~ +--~~:---,<:J.f-:'J:-:-~-:;;;;,,---· · · ---... ____.. Cvunfy ... ---··· _L RECREATION MONTEREY COUNTY 1969 AND PROPOSED

MONTEREY COUNTY HAS LONG BEEN RECOGNIZED AS AN OUTSTANDING AREA FOR THE NACIMIENTO AND SAN ANTONIO RESERVOIRS, LOCATED IN CLOSE PROXIMITY YEAR AROUND OUTDOOR RECREATION . THE COUNTY 1 S FORESTS, BEACHES AND TO EACH OTHER IN SOUTHERN MONTEREY AND SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTIES, ARE PARKS OFFER LIMITLESS ACTIVITY TO THOSE WHO ENJOY SWIMMING, TENNIS, EXPECTED TO HELP Fl LL THE RECREATION NEEDS OF MONTEREY COUNTY AND THE PICNICKING, GOLFING, BOATING, FISHING , HUNTING ANO SCENIC EXC URSIONS. AD JOINING REGION. IT IS ANTICIPATED TH AT ACTIVITY Will INCRE ASE THE MONTEREY PENINSULA I FAMOUS FOR ITS MANY FINE GOLF COURSES, FROM 500,DOO VISITOR DAYS IN 1958 TO 2,000,000 WITHIN TWENTY TO EBBLE BEACH COURSE AND CYPRESS POINT. IN TWENTY-Fl VE YEARS . I FTEEN GOLF COURSES, THREE OF WHICH HAVE •;, ER ARE THREE SHORT COURSES WITH A TOTAL TWO INLAND REGIONAL PARKS INCLUDE ROYAL OAKS PARK ANO THE PROPOSED ,•. TORO PARK. THE LATTER, TO BE LOCATED ON THE SALINAS-MONTEREY HIGH­ WAY, WILL CONTAIN 4,700 ACRES; ANO BECAUSE OF ITS SIZE, LOCATION ANO SETTING WILL OFFER A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES . ROYAL OAKS PARK IN NORTH · ~ .. MONTEREY COUNTY IS LARGE ENOUGH TO BE OF REGIONAL SI GN I Fl CANCE, HELP- 1NG SATISFY RECREATIONAL NEEDS OF NORTH MONTEREY COUNTY AND PARTS OF \.__ ... ING THE CARMEL SAH DENITO ANO SANTA CAUZ COUNTIES. SPORTS CAR RA AMENT, AND M MONTE REY COUNTY BEEN KNOWN FO STATE BEACHES ANO PARKS ... STANDING FACIL ACRES \ ATTENDING THE 1. MONTEREY STATE BEACH 7T1 2. ASILOMAR STATE BEACH Atontere.!I THROUGH CONS ERV , E HAS TEN PARKS IN ~s. J. SALINAS RIVER STATE BE ACH 90. Pen11tSula ~n~~E;E~~u~}HE\IJTH _;~~~~ ~~~~~~~E A ~~ES ~. CARMEL RIVER STATE BEACH 105. J 5. POINT LOBOS STATE RESERVE OF FOREST ANO RI FRolVsEilLEVfl TO/m" ELEVATION OF OVER 5,000 I , ZSS . 12 6. JOHN LITTLE STATE RESERVE FEET. THE GENERAL PLAN PROVIDES FOR ADD I TIONAL PARKS AND RECREATION 21. 7. ZMUDOWSKI STATE BEACH AREAS ALONG WITH SCENIC RIDING ANO HIKING TRAILS ANO VARIOUS SCEN I C 140. 75 8. PFEIFFER-BIG SUR STATE PARK HIGHWAY ROUTES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY. THREE OF THESE PROPOSED AREAS 815. 9. JULIA PFEIFFER BURNS STATE PARK ARE RESERVOIRS WITH RECREATIONAL FACILITIES' VAQUrROS, SAN LORENZO I ,Boo. 10. FREMONT PEAK STATE PARK AND CHALOME. 53. so POINT LOBOS STATE llESEllVE i-... )

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