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Potassium Cyanide Broth Base W/O KCN M936
Potassium Cyanide Broth Base w/o KCN M936 Potassium Cyanide Broth Base with KCN supplementation is used for the differentiation of the members of Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of potassium cyanide tolerance. Composition** Ingredients Gms / Litre Proteose peptone 3.000 Disodium phosphate 5.640 Monopotassium phosphate 0.225 Sodium chloride 5.000 Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.6±0.2 **Formula adjusted, standardized to suit performance parameters Directions Suspend 13.86 grams in 1000 ml distilled water. Heat if necessary to dissolve the medium completely. Dispense in 100 ml amounts and sterilize by autoclaving at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 minutes. Cool to room temperature and aseptically add sterile 1.5 ml of 0.5% potassium cyanide solution to each 100 ml of basal medium. Mix thoroughly and dispense in 1 ml amounts.Caution : Being fatally toxic extreme care should be taken while handling potassium cyanide solution. Never mouth- pipette potassium cyanide solution. Principle And Interpretation One of the many tests employed for the identification of bacteria includes the ability of an organism to grow in the presence of cyanide (1). Potassium Cyanide Broth Base is used for the differentiation of members of Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of Potassium Cyanide tolerance. Potassium Cyanide Broth Base was originally formulated by Moeller (2) and Kauffman and Moeller (3). This medium was later modified by Edwards and Ewing (4) and Edwards and Fife (5). Proteose peptone provides nitrogenous compounds, sulphur, trace elements essential for growth. Phosphates buffer the medium. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium. Potassium cyanide inhibits many bacteria including Salmonella , Shigella and Escherichia , while members of the Klebsiella , Citrobacter , and Proteus groups grow well. -
Genetic Basis for Nitrate Resistance in Desulfovibrio Strains
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 21 April 2014 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00153 Genetic basis for nitrate resistance in Desulfovibrio strains Hannah L. Korte 1,2,SamuelR.Fels2,3, Geoff A. Christensen 1,2,MorganN.Price2,4, Jennifer V. Kuehl 2,4, Grant M. Zane 1,2, Adam M. Deutschbauer 2,4,AdamP.Arkin2,4 and Judy D. Wall 1,2,3* 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA 2 Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies, Berkeley, CA, USA 3 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA 4 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Edited by: Nitrate is an inhibitor of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In petroleum production sites, Hans Karl Carlson, University of amendments of nitrate and nitrite are used to prevent SRB production of sulfide that California, Berkeley, USA causes souring of oil wells. A better understanding of nitrate stress responses in Reviewed by: the model SRB, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough and Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20, Dimitry Y. Sorokin, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands will strengthen predictions of environmental outcomes of nitrate application. Nitrate Wolfgang Buckel, inhibition of SRB has historically been considered to result from the generation of small Philipps-Universität Marburg, amounts of nitrite, to which SRB are quite sensitive. Here we explored the possibility Germany that nitrate might inhibit SRB by a mechanism other than through nitrite inhibition. *Correspondence: We found that nitrate-stressed D. vulgaris cultures grown in lactate-sulfate conditions Judy D. Wall, Department of Biochemistry, University of eventually grew in the presence of high concentrations of nitrate, and their resistance Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, continued through several subcultures. -
Potassium Nitrate
Common Name: POTASSIUM NITRATE CAS Number: 7757-79-1 RTK Substance number: 1574 DOT Number: UN 1486 Date: March 1998 Revision: November 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * Potassium Nitrate can affect you when breathed in. No occupational exposure limits have been established for * Contact can cause eye and skin irritation. Potassium Nitrate. This does not mean that this substance is * Breathing Potassium Nitrate can irritate the nose and not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed. throat causing sneezing and coughing. * High levels can interfere with the ability of the blood to WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE carry Oxygen causing headache, fatigue, dizziness, and a * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust blue color to the skin and lips (methemoglobinemia). ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust Higher levels can cause trouble breathing, collapse and ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be even death. worn. * Potassium Nitrate may affect the kidneys and cause * Wear protective work clothing. anemia. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Potassium Nitrate. IDENTIFICATION * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In Potassium Nitrate is a transparent, white or colorless, addition, as part of an ongoing education and training crystalline (sand-like) powder or solid with a sharp, salty effort, communicate all information on the health and taste. It is used to make explosives, matches, fertilizer, safety hazards of Potassium Nitrate to potentially fireworks, glass and rocket fuel. exposed workers. REASON FOR CITATION * Potassium Nitrate is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by DOT. * Definitions are provided on page 5. -
Sodium Nitrate 2005
CONTENTS 1 Added to the Natural List b) Prof. 0.Van Clamput, UnksWtGent c) 07. T.K. Harts, Univ. of Wbrnia - Davis aer, Nrrt. AgrScuituml 0 W.Vooqt,Werg~ l3emamh cmw Reply to the 2004 IFOAM Evaluation of Natuml Sodium Nitrate 'IFOAM 2004" NORTH AMERICA February 25,2005 Mr. Robert Pooler Agricultural Marketing Specialist USDAIAMS/TM/NOP Room 25 10-So., Ag Stop 0268 P.O. Box 94656 Washington, D.C. 20090-6456 Dear Mr. Pooler: On behalf of SQM North America, I am presenting this petition for the continued usage of non- synthetic Natural Sodium Nitrate in USDA Certified Organic crop production in The United States of America. Our product is necessary for our growers to maintain their economic viability; furthermore, this product is agronomically and environmentally sound and adheres to the principles of organic crop production. Natural Sodium Nitrate is permitted as a source of nitrogen for USDA Certified organic crops grown and used in The United States of America and this petition seeks to continue its usage. We look forward to the continued usage of Natural Sodium Nitrate and appreciate your attention to this petition. If you have any questions, please contact me. Sincerely, Bill McBride Director Sales US. and Canada SQM NORTH AMERICA CORP. 3101 Towercreek Parkway. Suite 450 Atlanta. GA 30330 Td: (1 - 770) 016 9400 Fa: (1 - 770) 016 9454 www.sam.cotq \A United States Agricultural STOP 0268 - Room 40084 Department of Marketing 1400 Independence Avenue, SW. i I Agriculture Service Washington, D.C. 20250-0200 February 9,2005 Bill McBride SQM North America, Corp. -
Brochure-Product-Range.Pdf
PRODUCT RANGE 2015 edition ANSI Standard 60 NSF® CERTIFIED HALAL M ISLAMIC FOOD AND NUTRITION ® COUNCIL OF AMERICA Rue Joseph Wauters, 144 ISO 9001:2008 (Quality) / OHSAS 18001:2007 (Health/ B-4480 Engis Safety) / ISO 14001:2004 (Environment) / ISO 22000:2005 www.globulebleu.com (Food Safety) / FSSC 22000:2013 (Food Safety). Tel. +32 (0) 4 273 93 58 Our food grade phosphates are allergen free, GMO free, Fax. +32 (0) 4 275 68 36 BSE/TSE free. www.prayon.com mail. [email protected] Design by www.prayon.com PRODUCT RANGE | 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS HORTICULTURE APPLICATIONS HORTIPRAY® RANGE FOR HORTICULTURE* FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PRODUCT NAME Bulk density P O pH N-NH Made 2 5 4 MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE - NH4H2PO4 in 3 3 % 1% % Sodium orthophosphates ................................................................................... 03 g/cm lbs/ft indicative indicative indicative Water-soluble fertilisers. Sodium pyrophosphates .................................................................................... 04 HORTIPRAY® MAP Horticultural Grade 0.9 56 61 4.5 12 Sodium tripolyphosphates ................................................................................. 05 HORTIPRAY® MAP 12.60 Horticultural Grade 0.9 56 60 5 12.1 Water-soluble fertilisers; Sodium polyphosphates ..................................................................................... 06 HORTIPRAY® MAP anticalc Horticultural Grade 0.9 56 61 4.5 12 preventive action against clogging. Potassium orthophosphates ............................................................................. -
A Review of the Patents and Literature on the Manufacture of Potassium Nitrate with Notes on Its Occurrence and Uses
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Miscellaneous Publication No. 192 Washington, D.C. July 1934 A REVIEW OF THE PATENTS AND LITERATURE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASSIUM NITRATE WITH NOTES ON ITS OCCURRENCE AND USES By COLIN W. WHITTAKER. Associate Chemist and FRANK O. LUNDSTROM, Assistant Chemist Division of Fertilizer Technology, Fertilizer Investigationa Bureau of Chemistry and Soils For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. .....-..- Price 5 cents UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Miscellaneous Publication No. 192 Washington, D.C. July 1934 A REVIEW OF THE PATENTS AND LITERATURE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASSIUM NITRATE WITH NOTES ON ITS OCCURRENCE AND USES By COLIN W. WHITTAKER, associate chemist, and FRANK O. LUNDSTROM, assistant chemist, Division of Fertilizer Technology, Fertilizer Investigations, Bureau oj Chemistry and Soils CONTENTS Page Production of potassium nitrate —Contd. Page Processes involving dilute oxides of Introduction } nitrogen 22 Historical sketch 3 Absorption in carbonates, bicarbon- Statistics of the saltpeter industry 4 ates, or hydroxides 22 Potassium nitrate as a plant food 8 Conversion of nitrites to nitrates 23 Occurrence of potassium nitrate 9 Processes involving direct action of nitric Production of potassium nitrate 11 acid or oxides of nitrogen on potassium Saltpeter from the soil 11 compounds 23 In East India 11 Potassium bicarbonate and nitric In other countries 12 acid or ammonium nitrate 23 Chilean high-potash nitrate 13 Potassium hydroxide or carbonate Composting and -
Toxicological Profile for Nitrate and Nitrite
NITRATE AND NITRITE 29 3. HEALTH EFFECTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of nitrate and nitrite. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. A glossary and list of acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols can be found at the end of this profile. 3.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE To help public health professionals and others address the needs of persons living or working near hazardous waste sites, the information in this section is organized first by route of exposure (inhalation, oral, and dermal) and then by health effect (e.g., death, systemic, immunological, neurological, reproductive, developmental, and carcinogenic effects). These data are discussed in terms of three exposure periods: acute (14 days or less), intermediate (15–364 days), and chronic (365 days or more). Levels of significant exposure for each route and duration are presented in tables and illustrated in figures. The points in the figures showing no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) or lowest- observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) reflect the actual doses (levels of exposure) used in the studies. LOAELs have been classified into "less serious" or "serious" effects. "Serious" effects are those that evoke failure in a biological system and can lead to morbidity or mortality (e.g., acute respiratory distress or death). "Less serious" effects are those that are not expected to cause significant dysfunction or death, or those whose significance to the organism is not entirely clear. -
Chemical Hazard Analysis for Sodium Nitrite in Meat Curing L
CHEMICAL HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM NITRITE IN MEAT CURING L. L. Borchert and R. G. Cassens University of Wisconsin July, 1998 Cured meat has specific properties including a pink color and characteristic flavor and texture. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite have a long history of use as curing ingredients, and by the close of the 19th century the scientific basis of the process was becoming understood. It was realized, for example, that nitrate must be converted to nitrite in order for the curing process to proceed. Regulations controlling the use of curing agents were established in the USA in 1926 (see USDA, 1925; USDA, 1926), and the same rules are in effect at present, with slight modification. The critical feature of these rules is that a maximum use level of sodium nitrite is defined; but the meat processor may use less. Basically, no more than one-quarter ounce (7.1 g) may be used per 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of meat (resulting in 156 mg/kg or 156 ppm). While nitrate is still permitted, it is, in fact, not used by the industry. The regulations were changed for bacon so that ingoing nitrite is targeted at 120 ppm, and the maximum use of ascorbates (550 ppm) is mandated. The current routine use of ascorbates (ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, erythorbic acid and sodium erythorbate) by the meat processing industry is important not only because it accelerates and improves the curing process but also the use of ascorbates inhibits nitrosation reactions which might result in formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines (Mirvish et al, 1995). -
Study of Psychrophilic, Mesophilic, and Halophilic Bacteria in Salt and Meat Curing Solutions
A STUDY OF PSYCHROPHILIC, ilESOPHILIC, AND HALOPHTLIC BACTERIA IN SALT AND MEAT CURING SOLUTIONS by HAROLD EUGENE TICKNER a B, S,, Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, 1949 A THESIS - submitted in partial fulfillment of the 1 ' r requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE 1 Department of Bacteriology KANSAS STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE 1950 X Docu- M TABLE OF CONTENTS \^50 T5 INTRODUCTIi. ^» « • 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2 EXPERIMENT I - PREPARATION OF MEDIA FOR PLATE COUNTS . 17 EXPERIMENT II - PLATE COUNTS FOR ENUMERATION OF RALOPHILIC ORGANISMS IN COMMERCIAL SALT SAMPLES 19 EXPERIMENT III - ISOLATION OF PSYCHROPHILIC- AND MESOPHILIC-HALOPHILIC BACTERIA 21 EXPERIMENT IV - PLATE COUNTS OF CURING SOLUTIONS ... 26 EXPERIMENT V - DETERMINATION OF NUMBERS OF PSYCHROPHILIC ORGANISMS IN THE CURING SOLUTIONS ...... 2fi EXPERIMENT VI - TESTING PURE CULTURES OF PSYCHROPHILIC ORGANISMS IN STERILE CURING SOLUTIONS 33 EXPERIMENT VII - PREPARATION OF CURING SOLUTION TO CHECK GROWTH OF PSYCHROPHILIC- AND MESOPHILIC-HALOPHILIC BACTERIA IN A NEW CURING SOLUTION AO EXPERIMENT VIII - DETERMINATION OF NUMBERS OF MESOPHILIC AND MESOPHILIC-HALOPHILIC BACTERIA IN MEAT CURING SOLUTIONS A2 EXPERIMENT IX - DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE CONTENT IN OLD USED CURING SOLUTIONS U EXPERIMENT X - DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT OF PROTEINS IN OLD USED CURING SOLUTIONS 46 EXPERIMENT XI - PREPARATION OF A "SYNTHETIC AGED CURING SOLUTION" EMPLOYED AS A MEDIUM FOR CHECKING GROWTH OF PURE CULTURES OF ORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM SALT AND MEAT CURING SOLUTIONS A3 EXPERIMENT XII - A COMPARISON OF BACTERIA FOUND IN SALT AND MEAT CURING SOLUTIONS 55 EXPERIMENT XIII - ORGANISMS REQUIRING SODIUM CHLORIDE FOR GROWTH 57 DISCUSSION 59 ii CONCLUSIONS 64. -
Pesticides and 738-F-91-103 Environmental Protection Toxic Substances September 1991 Agency (7508W) R.E.D
United States Pesticides And 738-F-91-103 Environmental Protection Toxic Substances September 1991 Agency (7508W) R.E.D. FACTS Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite (Sodium and Potassium Nitrates) Pesticide All pesticides sold or used in the United States must be registered by Reregistration EPA, based on scientific studies showing that they can be used without posing unreasonable risks to people or the environment. Because of advances in scientific knowledge, the law requires that pesticides which were first registered years ago be reregistered to ensure that they meet today's more stringent standards. In evaluating pesticides for reregistration, EPA obtains and reviews a complete set of studies from pesticide producers, showing the human health and environmental effects of each pesticide. The Agency imposes any regulatory controls that are needed to effectively manage each pesticide's risks. EPA then reregisters pesticides that can be used without posing undue hazards to human health or the environment. When a pesticide is eligible for reregistration, EPA announces this and explains why in a Reregistration Eligibility Document, or RED. This fact sheet summarizes the information in the RED for inorganic nitrate/nitrite, or sodium and potassium nitrates. Use Profile Sodium and potassium nitrates are pyrotechnic fumigants used as rodenticides, predacides and insecticides. Each compound is combined with other pesticide active ingredients (sulfur and carbon) and loaded into fumigant gas cartridges, which are designed to be ignited and placed in pest burrows. The ignited cartridge bombs produce toxic gases which are lethal to target rodents, skunks, coyotes and ground-nesting wasps. Both sodium and potassium nitrates are naturally occurring, common chemical compounds. -
Phase-Matched Metamaterials for Second-Harmonic Generation
Anna Vesala PHASE-MATCHED METAMATERIALS FOR SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (ENS) Bachelor of Science Thesis April 2020 i ABSTRACT Anna Vesala: Phase-matched Metamaterials for Second-harmonic Generation Bachelor of Science Thesis Tampere University Bachelors Degree Programme in Science and Engineering Major: Physics Examiners: Dr. Mikko Huttunen and M.Sc. Timo Stolt April 2020 Metamaterials exhibit unconventional electromagnetic properties that cannot be found in nature, such as negative index of refraction or strong optical activity. Moreover, they show promise for enabling nanoscale nonlinear optics. Current nonlinear optical interactions of practical use rely on phase matching combined with long propagation lengths, which are not compatible with the size requirements of miniaturized systems. In order to be able to improve the realizable conversion efficiencies of nonlinear processes and discover novel functionalities at the nanoscale, new kinds of nonlinear metamaterials need to be investigated. By utilizing local-field enhancements and the phase engineering of localized surface plas- mon resonances, it is possible to construct metamaterials which generate nonlinear frequencies into the direction where the fundamental light came from. In this Thesis, we demonstrate how phase matching is achieved in nanoscale nonlinear materials. Especially, we fabricate three- dimensional plasmonic metamaterial devices that were phase matched for back-propagating sec- ond harmonic-generation. Our samples consist of one to five metasurfaces stacked on top of each other and the aim was to observe how the intensity of the second-harmonic field varies with the number of metasurfaces stacked in a backward phase-matched metamaterial. The results show that the second harmonic signal depends quadratically on the number of metasurfaces, which confirms that the sample was successfully phase-matched by controlling the dimensions of the nanoparticles and the separation between the metasurfaces. -
Appropriate Ammonium-Nitrate Ratio Improves Nutrient Accumulation and Fruit Quality in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)
agronomy Article Appropriate Ammonium-Nitrate Ratio Improves Nutrient Accumulation and Fruit Quality in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Jing Zhang 1, Jian Lv 1, Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda 1,2, Jianming Xie 1,*, Jihua Yu 1, Jing Li 1, Xiaodan Zhang 1, Chaonan Tang 1, Cheng Wang 1 and Yantai Gan 3 1 College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (M.M.D.); [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (C.T.); [email protected] (C.W.) 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana 3 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-138-933-357-80 Received: 15 September 2019; Accepted: 21 October 2019; Published: 26 October 2019 + Abstract: Ammonium (NH4 ) and nitrate (NO3−) are the two forms of inorganic nitrogen essential for + physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants, but little is known about how the NH4 :NO3− + ratio may affect nitrogen metabolism. This study determined the effect of NH4 :NO3− ratios on plant growth, accumulation, and distribution of nutrient elements, fruit quality, enzyme activity, and relative expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) metabolism in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In a + pod experiment, the NH4 :NO3− ratios of 0:100, 12.5:87.5, 25:75, 37.5:62.5, and 50:50 were arranged + in a complete randomized design with three replicates.