Different Waves and Directions of Neolithic Migrations in the Armenian Highland
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Y-Chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: the Sardinian Population As a Test Case
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case Viola Grugni 1, Alessandro Raveane 1, Giulia Colombo 1, Carmen Nici 1, Francesca Crobu 1,2, Linda Ongaro 1,3,4, Vincenza Battaglia 1, Daria Sanna 1,5, Nadia Al-Zahery 1, Ornella Fiorani 6, Antonella Lisa 6, Luca Ferretti 1 , Alessandro Achilli 1, Anna Olivieri 1, Paolo Francalacci 7, Alberto Piazza 8, Antonio Torroni 1 and Ornella Semino 1,* 1 Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (C.N.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (L.O.); [email protected] (V.B.); [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (N.A.-Z.); [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (A.T.) 2 Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy 3 Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia 5 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy 6 Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “L.L. Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy; fi[email protected] -
Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)
Eupedia Home > Genetics > Haplogroups (home) > Haplogroup R1b Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) Content 1. Geographic distribution Author: Maciamo. Original article posted on Eupedia. 2. Subclades Last update January 2014 (revised history, added lactase 3. Origins & History persistence, pigmentation and mtDNA correspondence) Paleolithic origins Neolithic cattle herders The Pontic-Caspian Steppe & the Indo-Europeans The Maykop culture, the R1b link to the steppe ? R1b migration map The Siberian & Central Asian branch The European & Middle Eastern branch The conquest of "Old Europe" The conquest of Western Europe IE invasion vs acculturation The Atlantic Celtic branch (L21) The Gascon-Iberian branch (DF27) The Italo-Celtic branch (S28/U152) The Germanic branch (S21/U106) How did R1b become dominant ? The Balkanic & Anatolian branch (L23) The upheavals ca 1200 BCE The Levantine & African branch (V88) Other migrations of R1b 4. Lactase persistence and R1b cattle pastoralists 5. R1 populations & light pigmentation 6. MtDNA correspondence 7. Famous R1b individuals Geographic distribution Distribution of haplogroup R1b in Europe 1/22 R1b is the most common haplogroup in Western Europe, reaching over 80% of the population in Ireland, the Scottish Highlands, western Wales, the Atlantic fringe of France, the Basque country and Catalonia. It is also common in Anatolia and around the Caucasus, in parts of Russia and in Central and South Asia. Besides the Atlantic and North Sea coast of Europe, hotspots include the Po valley in north-central Italy (over 70%), Armenia (35%), the Bashkirs of the Urals region of Russia (50%), Turkmenistan (over 35%), the Hazara people of Afghanistan (35%), the Uyghurs of North-West China (20%) and the Newars of Nepal (11%). -
Genetic History of Haplogroup
Genetic History of Haplogroup R1b The genetic markers that define the ancestral history of those of us in the R1b haplogroup reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men, M168, and follow their lineage to present day, ending with M343, the defining marker of haplogroup R1b. The migration map for R1b highlights our ancestors’ route and shows that members of this haplogroup carry the following Y-chromosome markers: M168 > M89 > M9 > M45 > M207 > M173 > M343 Today, roughly 70 percent of the men in southern England belong to haplogroup R1b. In parts of Spain and Ireland, that number exceeds 90 percent. Our Genetic Sequence Type: Y-Chromosome Haplogroup: R1b (M343) STRs DYS393: 13 DYS439: 12 DYS388: 12 DYS385a: 11 DYS19: 14 DYS389-1: 13 DYS390: 25 DYS385b: 14 DYS391: 11 DYS389-2: 16 DYS426: 12 DYS392: 13 How to Interpret Your Results Above are results from the laboratory analysis of your Y-chromosome. Your DNA was analyzed for Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), which are repeating segments of your genome that have a high mutation rate. The location on the Y chromosome of each of these markers is depicted in the image, with the number of repeats for each of your STRs presented to the right of the marker. For example, DYS19 is a repeat of TAGA, so if your DNA repeated that sequence 12 times at that location, it would appear: DYS19 12. Studying the combination of these STR lengths in your Y Chromosome allows researchers to place you in a haplogroup, which reveals the complex migratory journeys of your ancestors. -
Genetic Analysis of Male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian Paternal Lineages of the Conquering Hungarian Tribes
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2020) 12: 31 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00996-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes Erzsébet Fóthi1 & Angéla Gonzalez2 & Tibor Fehér3 & Ariana Gugora4 & Ábel Fóthi5 & Orsolya Biró6 & Christine Keyser2,7 Received: 11 March 2019 /Accepted: 16 October 2019 /Published online: 14 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract According to historical sources, ancient Hungarians were made up of seven allied tribes and the fragmented tribes that split off from the Khazars, and they arrived from the Eastern European steppes to conquer the Carpathian Basin at the end of the ninth century AD. Differentiating between the tribes is not possible based on archaeology or history, because the Hungarian Conqueror artifacts show uniformity in attire, weaponry, and warcraft. We used Y-STR and SNP analyses on male Hungarian Conqueror remains to determine the genetic source, composition of tribes, and kin of ancient Hungarians. The 19 male individuals paternally belong to 16 independent haplotypes and 7 haplogroups (C2, G2a, I2, J1, N3a, R1a, and R1b). The presence of the N3a haplogroup is interesting because it rarely appears among modern Hungarians (unlike in other Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples) but was found in 37.5% of the Hungarian Conquerors. This suggests that a part of the ancient Hungarians was of Ugric descent and that a significant portion spoke Hungarian. We compared our results with public databases and discovered that the Hungarian Conquerors originated from three distant territories of the Eurasian steppes, where different ethnicities joined them: Lake Baikal- Altai Mountains (Huns/Turkic peoples), Western Siberia-Southern Urals (Finno-Ugric peoples), and the Black Sea-Northern Caucasus (Caucasian and Eastern European peoples). -
Characterizing the Genetic History of Admixture Across Inner Eurasia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/327122; this version posted May 23, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia 2 3 Choongwon Jeong1,2,31,*, Oleg Balanovsky3,4,31, Elena Lukianova3, Nurzhibek Kahbatkyzy5,6, Pavel 4 Flegontov7,8, Valery Zaporozhchenko3,4, Alexander Immel1, Chuan-Chao Wang1,9, Olzhas Ixan5, Elmira 5 Khussainova5, Bakhytzhan Bekmanov5,6, Victor Zaibert10, Maria Lavryashina11, Elvira Pocheshkhova12, 6 Yuldash Yusupov13, Anastasiya Agdzhoyan3,4, Koshel Sergey14, Andrei Bukin15, Pagbajabyn 7 Nymadawa16, Michail Churnosov17, Roza Skhalyakho4, Denis Daragan4, Yuri Bogunov3,4, Anna 8 Bogunova4, Alexandr Shtrunov4, Nadezda Dubova18, Maxat Zhabagin19,20, Levon Yepiskoposyan21, 9 Vladimir Churakov22, Nikolay Pislegin22, Larissa Damba23, Ludmila Saroyants24, Khadizhat Dibirova3,4, 10 Lubov Artamentova25, Olga Utevska25, Eldar Idrisov26, Evgeniya Kamenshchikova4, Irina Evseeva27, Mait 11 Metspalu28, Martine Robbeets2, Leyla Djansugurova5,6, Elena Balanovska4, Stephan Schiffels1, Wolfgang 12 Haak1, David Reich29,30 & Johannes Krause1,* 13 14 1 Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany 15 2 Eurasia3angle Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany 16 3 -
Wiik Pages 19-25
56 Frequencies of Haplogroups R1b and R1a in North Europe and its vicinity. The North European parts of the maps are based on Tables 4, 5, and 6. Frequencies of Haplogroups I and N3 in North Europe and its vicinity. The North European parts of the maps are based on . Wiik: Where Did European Men Come From? 57 (about 8500 BC), perhaps also the Hamburgian culture in Belarus. In Russia, there is a south-north gradient (cf. (about 15-13.7 kya) of the northern parts of Central ). Europe (cf. Saukkonen 2006, p. 72). The route of this expansion was western (through Denmark and southern Linguistically, the N3 men are generally thought to Scandinavia) rather than eastern (through Balticum and represent the speakers of Finno-Ugric languages (in Finland): this is shown by the fact that R1a-frequencies western Siberia; they represent the speakers of are low in Finland. As a matter of fact, Finland is very Altaic/Turkic languages). much like a vacuum in this respect in North Europe: In Karelia and the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and The Haplogroups E3b, J2 and G of the Early Farmers, Lithuania), R1a-frequencies are of the order of 35-42 occur in Scandinavia, while among the Finns, Karelians, (i.e. even higher than on the central Norwegian coast). and Saami, these haplogroups are practically non-exis- tent. The sum total of the frequencies of these Haplo- groups (E3b+J2+G) is highest (4.3+3.2+0.2 = 7.7%) among the Danes and lower among the Norwegians Haplogroup I is generally thought to have spread to its (2.2+1.3+0= 3.5%) and Swedes (1.6+1.4+0.4 = 3.4%). -
Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians
RESEARCH ARTICLE Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians Viola Grugni1, Vincenza Battaglia1, Ugo Alessandro Perego2,3, Alessandro Raveane1, Hovirag Lancioni3, Anna Olivieri1, Luca Ferretti1, Scott R. Woodward2, Juan Miguel Pascale4, Richard Cooke5, Natalie Myres2,6, Jorge Motta4, Antonio Torroni1, Alessandro Achilli1,3, Ornella Semino1* 1 Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 2 Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, 3 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, 4 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama, 5 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, 6 Ancestry, Provo, Utah, United States of America * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Geologically, Panama belongs to the Central American land-bridge between North and Citation: Grugni V, Battaglia V, Perego UA, Raveane South America crossed by Homo sapiens >14 ka ago. Archaeologically, it belongs to a A, Lancioni H, Olivieri A, et al. (2015) Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians. wider Isthmo-Colombian Area. Today, seven indigenous ethnic groups account for 12.3% PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144223. doi:10.1371/journal. of Panama’s population. Five speak Chibchan languages and are characterized by low pone.0144223 genetic diversity and a high level of differentiation. In addition, no evidence of differential Editor: Francesc Calafell, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, structuring between maternally and paternally inherited genes has been reported in isth- SPAIN mian Chibchan cultural groups. Recent data have shown that 83% of the Panamanian gen- Received: March 31, 2015 eral population harbour mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Native American ancestry. -
Y-Chromosome Phylogeographic Analysis of the Greek-Cypriot
Voskarides et al. Investigative Genetics (2016) 7:1 DOI 10.1186/s13323-016-0032-8 RESEARCH Open Access Y-chromosome phylogeographic analysis of the Greek-Cypriot population reveals elements consistent with Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements Konstantinos Voskarides1†, Stéphane Mazières2†, Despina Hadjipanagi1, Julie Di Cristofaro2, Anastasia Ignatiou1, Charalambos Stefanou1, Roy J. King3, Peter A. Underhill4, Jacques Chiaroni2* and Constantinos Deltas1* Abstract Background: The archeological record indicates that the permanent settlement of Cyprus began with pioneering agriculturalists circa 11,000 years before present, (ca. 11,000 y BP). Subsequent colonization events followed, some recognized regionally. Here, we assess the Y-chromosome structure of Cyprus in context to regional populations and correlate it to phases of prehistoric colonization. Results: Analysis of haplotypes from 574 samples showed that island-wide substructure was barely significant in a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). However, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) of haplogroups using 92 binary markers genotyped in 629 Cypriots revealed that the proportion of variance among the districts was irregularly distributed. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed potential genetic associations of Greek-Cypriots with neighbor populations. Contrasting haplogroups in the PCA were used as surrogates of parental populations. Admixture analyses suggested that the majority of G2a-P15 and R1b-M269 components were contributed by Anatolia and Levant sources, respectively, while Greece Balkans supplied the majority of E-V13 and J2a-M67. Haplotype-based expansion times were at historical levels suggestive of recent demography. Conclusions: Analyses of Cypriot haplogroup data are consistent with two stages of prehistoric settlement. E-V13 and E-M34 are widespread, and PCA suggests sourcing them to the Balkans and Levant/Anatolia, respectively. -
Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Are Descendants of Three Neolithic
Title: Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Are Descendants of Three Neolithic Super-grandfathers Authors: Shi Yan1,2*, Chuan-Chao Wang1, Hong-Xiang Zheng1, Wei Wang2, Zhen-Dong Qin1, Lan-Hai Wei1, Yi Wang1, Xue-Dong Pan1, Wen-Qing Fu1,4, Yun-Gang He2, Li-Jun Xiong4, Wen-Fei Jin2, Shi-Lin Li1, Yu An1, Hui Li1, Li Jin1,2* Affiliations 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. 2Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China. 3Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 4Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA *Correspondence to: L. J. ([email protected]) or S. Y. ([email protected]). Abstract: Demographic change of human populations is one of the central questions for delving into the past of human beings. To identify major population expansions related to male lineages, we sequenced 78 East Asian Y chromosomes at 3.9 Mbp of the non-recombining region (NRY), discovered >4,000 new SNPs, and identified many new clades. The relative divergence dates can be estimated much more precisely using molecular clock. We found that all the Paleolithic divergences were binary; however, three strong star-like Neolithic expansions at ~6 kya (thousand years ago) (assuming a constant substitution rate of 1×10-9 /bp/year) indicates that ~40% of modern Chinese are patrilineal descendants of only three super-grandfathers at that time. -
Genetic Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis of Chinese Shandong and Yunnan Han Populations by Co-Analyzing Y Chromosomal Strs and Snps
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Genetic Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis of Chinese Shandong and Yunnan Han Populations by Co-Analyzing Y Chromosomal STRs and SNPs 1,2, 1,2, 1,2 3 1,4 3 Caiyong Yin y, Kaiyuan Su y, Ziwei He , Dian Zhai , Kejian Guo , Xueyun Chen , Li Jin 1,2,* and Shilin Li 5,6,* 1 Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; [email protected] (C.Y.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (Z.H.); [email protected] (K.G.) 2 Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China 3 Criminal Investigation Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China; [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (X.C.) 4 Public Security Bureau of Zibo City, Zibo 255000, China 5 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China 6 Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.J.); [email protected] (S.L.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 2 July 2020; Published: 3 July 2020 Abstract: Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have been widely harnessed for forensic applications, such as pedigree source searching from public security databases and male identification from male–female mixed samples. For various populations, databases composed of Y-STR haplotypes have been built to provide investigating leads for solving difficult or cold cases. -
Ancient DNA Reveals Male Diffusion Through the Neolithic Mediterranean Route
Ancient DNA reveals male diffusion through the Neolithic Mediterranean route Marie Lacana,b,1, Christine Keysera,b, François-Xavier Ricauta, Nicolas Brucatoa, Francis Duranthona, Jean Guilainec, Eric Crubézya, and Bertrand Ludesa,b aLaboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5288, 31073 Toulouse, France; bLaboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5288, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67085 Strasbourg, France; and cCentre de Recherche sur la Préhistoire et la Protohistoire de la Méditerranée, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 31500 Toulouse, France Edited by Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and approved May 2, 2011 (received for review January 19, 2011) The Neolithic is a key period in the history of the European ular polymorphism associated with lactase persistence (i.e., ability to settlement. Although archaeological and present-day genetic data digest raw milk at adulthood) probably carried in western Europe suggest several hypotheses regarding the human migration with the Linearbandkeramic culture during the Neolithic (15). patterns at this period, validation of these hypotheses with the use of ancient genetic data has been limited. In this context, we Results studied DNA extracted from 53 individuals buried in a necropolis Necropolis Recruitment. Partial autosomal profiles were obtained used by a French local community 5,000 y ago. The relatively good for 24 of the 53 specimens under study (Table S1). The amelo- DNA preservation of the samples allowed us to obtain autosomal, genin locus indicates that 22 individuals were male and two were fi Y-chromosomal, and/or mtDNA data for 29 of the 53 samples female (subjects 573 and 614). -
Y-Chromosomal Analysis of Greek Cypriots Reveals a Primarily Common Pre-Ottoman Paternal Ancestry with Turkish Cypriots
RESEARCH ARTICLE Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots Alexandros Heraclides1,2☯, Evy Bashiardes1,3☯, Eva Ferna´ndez-Domı´nguez4, Stefania Bertoncini5, Marios Chimonas1, Vasilis Christofi1, Jonathan King6, Bruce Budowle6,7, Panayiotis Manoli1, Marios A. Cariolou1,3* 1 Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of a1111111111 Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2 Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of a1111111111 Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus, 3 Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of a1111111111 Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 4 Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United a1111111111 Kingdom, 5 Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 6 Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America, 7 Center of a1111111111 Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Heraclides A, Bashiardes E, Ferna´ndez- Abstract Domı´nguez E, Bertoncini S, Chimonas M, Christofi V, et al. (2017) Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Genetics can provide invaluable information on the ancestry of the current inhabitants of Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman Cyprus. A Y-chromosome analysis was performed to (i) determine paternal ancestry among paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots. PLoS ONE the Greek Cypriot (GCy) community in the context of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean 12(6): e0179474. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0179474 and the Near East; and (ii) identify genetic similarities and differences between Greek Cypriots (GCy) and Turkish Cypriots (TCy).