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Review Study on Vacuum Cleaners Review study on Vacuum cleaners Final report Viegand Maagøe A/S Van Holsteijn en Kemna B.V. June 2019 The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission Prepared by Study team: Mette Rames, Peter Martin Skov Hansen, Annette Gydesen, Baijia Huang, Michelle Peled and Larisa Maya-Drysdale (Viegand Maagøe A/S) René Kemna and Roy van den Boorn (Van Holsteijn en Kemna B.V.) Quality assurance: Annette Gydesen (Viegand Maagøe A/S) Contract managers: Viegand Maagøe A/S Project website: https://www.review-vacuumcleaners.eu/ Implements Framework Contract: ENER/C3/2015-619-LOT 2 Specific contract no.: ENER/C3/SER/FV 2017-438/03/FWC 2015-619 LOT2/05/SI2.757436 This study was ordered and paid for by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy. The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. This report has been prepared by the authors to the best of their ability and knowledge. The authors do not assume liability for any damage, material or immaterial, that may arise from the use of the report or the information contained therein. © European Union, June 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). 2 1. Preface This Final report for the review study of the Ecodesign Regulation1 and the annulled Energy Labelling Regulation2 for vacuum cleaners is the final delivery of the specific contract. As specified in the contract the Final report concerns all tasks of the MEErP methodology and includes recommendations for the revision of these regulations. Task 1 outlines the scope of the regulations and of the review study as well as the relevant standards and legislation related to vacuum cleaner energy consumption, durability and resource efficiency. Task 2 gives an overview of the vacuum cleaner market including sales, stock and base data on consumer costs, as well as an overview of market development trends and production structures. Task 3 regards the user behaviour, especially looking at robot and cordless vacuum cleaners in order to suggest representative testing and energy consumption calculation at later stages of the study. Furthermore, the end-user relevance of the current test standards is discussed. Task 4 reviews the technical aspects of vacuum cleaners as products, and outlines the current technology levels in terms of average and best available technologies, on both component and product level. Besides the energy consumption effect, the technologies are also reviewed in terms of resource efficiency. Task 5 defines the base cases and the environmental and economic impact of each of them. The environmental impact is both the energy consumption in the use phase as well as the material consumption and impact categories are given in the EcoReport tool. The environmental impact is calculated as the product life cycle cost for the end-user for each base case. Task 6 outlines the design options for improving the environmental performance of the base cases without causing excessive costs for the end-users. Design options are outlined for both energy and resource efficiency improvements. Task 7 defines policy options for each base case based on the viable design options and presents the results on the scenario analyses that estimates the environmental and economic impact of each of the policy options. 1 OJ L 192, 13.07.2013, p. 24-34, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0666 2 OJ L 192, 13.07.2013, p. 1-23, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0665 The specific aspects to review according to article 7 of the Ecodesign Regulation and of the annulled Energy Labelling Regulation are: • The review of the ecodesign regulation in light of technological progress; • The review of verification tolerances to be used by Member State authorities for market surveillance purposes; • whether full size battery operated vacuum cleaners should be included in the scope and • whether it is feasible to use measurement methods for annual energy consumption, dust pick-up and dust re-emission that are based on a partly loaded rather than an empty receptacle. It should be noted that this review study was begun before the General Court decision to annul the Energy Labelling Regulation 665/20133 on November 8, 2018, which took effect on 18 January 2019. The report therefore includes a review of this regulation, including the evaluation of its effect according to the better regulation principles. Furthermore the available market data and development observed in energy efficiency reflects the situation as it has been with the energy label. Even though the Energy Label is now annulled, it was in force from 2014 to January 2019, which is of course reflected in the data. Therefore the text refers to “Regulations” in the plural, because it was in force during the period that was studied. 3 https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2018-11/cp180168en.pdf 4 2. Table of Contents 1. Preface .......................................................................................................... 3 2. Table of Contents ............................................................................................ 5 3. List of tables ..................................................................................................11 4. List of figures .................................................................................................16 5. List of abbreviations .......................................................................................20 6. Summary ......................................................................................................24 6.1 Background .............................................................................................24 6.2 Scope .....................................................................................................25 6.3 Standardisation and legislation...................................................................27 6.4 Market data .............................................................................................28 Energy and performance .....................................................................29 Product prices ....................................................................................33 6.5 Use patterns ............................................................................................34 Cordless vacuum cleaners ...................................................................35 Robot vacuum cleaners .......................................................................35 End of Life behaviour ..........................................................................36 Consumer relevant testing ..................................................................37 Uncertainties of test methods ..............................................................38 6.6 Technology overview ................................................................................38 Mains-operated household vacuum cleaners ..........................................39 Commercial vacuum cleaners...............................................................40 Cordless vacuum cleaners ...................................................................41 Robot vacuum cleaners .......................................................................42 6.7 Environmental and economic impacts .........................................................44 6.8 Design options .........................................................................................44 6.9 Scenarios ...............................................................................................45 Energy efficiency scenarios ..................................................................45 Energy label ......................................................................................48 Resource efficiency scenarios ...............................................................49 7. Task 1: Scope ................................................................................................52 7.1 Product scope ..........................................................................................52 Definitions from the regulations ...........................................................52 Definitions from preparatory study .......................................................54 Definitions from standards ..................................................................55 5 Description of products .......................................................................55 Bagged vs bagless vacuum cleaners .....................................................60 Alignment of definitions ......................................................................61 Recommendations ..............................................................................64 7.2 Review of relevant regulations ...................................................................66 Legislation and agreements at EU level .................................................66
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